Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

The aim of the current research is to identify the extent to which the kindergarten students perceive and possess in the field of sustainable development in general and sustainable nutrition in particular and related to its environmental, economic and social dimensions . Analysis and tools were used to achieve this by preparing questionnaire forms, and after unpacking the content of the answers, the results showed a discrepancy in the concept between the four stages . sustainable development and its objectives and its impact on the practical application in life

The study of character gained a good deal of space in the field of historical studies, especially in Iraq, as the direction of many literary and historical studies was associated with the study of the political and social aspects of many personalities who had a role - to some extent - in drawing the country's political, social and cultural history. That aspect has conducted extensive studies that dealt with some political events and their influences in a large way, due to the prevailing belief that the historical event is the maker of the person and influencing him and may be the opposite, so some of those studies discussed important aspects of those character, especially those who participated in the Great Iraqi Revolution in 1920, Although the study of character is not without difficulty in codifying them, it contributes greatly to revealing many important historical facts in modern and contemporary history.
So, the focus on studying some character determines the historical path that affected and was affected by these character at various levels, including the character in question, as the researcher found that the personality of Hussein Al-Shaarbaf is worthy of study and analysis, because it carried many political ideas and national positions, as well as its connections Iraqi social reality at the time.
And from that, the researcher directed his attention to the study of Hussein Al-Shaarbaf for being one of the men of the national movement in Iraq and one of the pioneers of the literary and cultural field during the second half of the twentieth century.

There is no doubt about it, and what no sane person can argue about is that through education the nation progresses, and through education it is fortified, and it is known that the education system has provided many opportunities to spread goodness within educational facilities in which students spend not an easy time. It is unfortunate that some people view education as mere information that students receive, forgetting or oblivious to the true role of education in establishing human values and ideals. As a contribution to giving and spreading goodness, and to revive the true role of education, we decided to write these highlights for everyone who wants to reform his behavior, fulfill his trust, and correct his morals.
Before talking about the research demands, we must introduce some of these warnings, as we can say that we cannot work on reform as long as there are those among us who do not feel the importance of spreading good in our universities and among our dear students. Likewise, we should not, in our solutions, be far from the reality of the students and the problems they face, so what is possible and appropriate is taken into consideration.
Finally, our goal from these alerts is that this study is not intended to show the general facts about human and moral behavior, but rather the practical application of those facts and methods is what we want from writing research and embracing Islamic morals.
The research fell into two requirements: the first requirement talked about human behavior and prophetic literature and its impact on correcting behavior and how to benefit from it in our contemporary education, while the second requirement was devoted to talking about morals of both types, good and bad, in the light of the Holy Qur’an, and its statement by the verses collected as an order and a prohibition, then the hadith On the impact of the Holy Qur’an on academic achievement and moral values, by referring after the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah, to the relevant sources and references.

The Byzantine Empire was the heir to the Roman state in its traditional hostility with the Parthian and Sasanian states, to continue later for several centuries, and this conflict culminated in the seventh century AD with fierce wars that led to the exhaustion and exhaustion of both empires, as the seventh century witnessed the deterioration of the internal conditions of the Byzantine Empire while the Sasanian state was enjoying prosperity and stability After the arrival of Khosrau Anushirwan to the throne, which provided the appropriate opportunity for Khosrau Anushirwan's ambition to eliminate the Byzantine Empire under the pretext of revenge .

The study of the history of genealogy constitutes a continuous cycle of the historical research of peoples and societies, and entered into the field of contemporary anthropology research through the study of the individual and society with a focus on the type of race, gender, and the evolution of strains. Historical studies of human races, noting that modern and contemporary Islamic and Western studies adopted ancient writings and modern excavation methods and became in keeping with modern developments in research methods for social sciences.This research deals with the study of the historical development of genealogy among the Arabs, with a focus on the most important contemporary problems and the continuity of interest in historical writing among Arab Muslims.

The study of Imam Muhammad bin Ali Zain al-Abidin bin al-Hussein bin Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon them, is one of the important studies that received a lot of attention from the orientalists to enlighten many ideas and concepts that were vague to many people. Which opens new doors that cast a shadow over the development of Shiite thought and informing the world of this doctrine, which is considered complementary, complementary, and preserving the message of the Messenger, may God bless him and his family, and to open new horizons for people who are looking for knowledge. Therefore, Lalani’s writing came to clarify and direct the impartial reader to clarify the importance of this imam and to clarify the most important differences that exist. Historians mentioned her with his right to produce for us knowledge that many Arab writers did not produce because of the racism of their writings from the religious point of view as well as the direct influence from the political point of view. Therefore, Lalani came according to a neutral and graphic approach to show through it the role of the Imam without bias and for her writings to be a compass that directs the world towards the truth that Many are looking for her, Lalani dealt with Imam al-Baqir from several matters, from which we were able to take even a little from them to clarify these important opinions that she brought and the role that she played, and this began by mentioning his honorable name, which is the place of consensus of historians and writers in terms of the validity of the lineage. I also mentioned later the name of the mother of the Imam, peace be upon him. And how she was mentioned in the historical sources and showed the difference that occurred in the year of her birth to reach her death. As for the Imam’s wife, this matter was a matter of disagreement for historians, and the orientalist woman did not address it, turning after that to the birth of the Imam, peace be upon him, and the difference in historical sources in stating the specific year of this birth, and to take the opinions of many historical sources and narrators to reach the desired result. After that, I touched on his nickname, and then the title of the Imam, and what are the most important titles that he was given by historical sources, and what is their authenticity. Then she referred to the imam’s brothers and his children, and did not address the issue of engraving his seal, which is considered one of the important matters as it is a semantic credibility to prove the imam’s correspondents and his books. Then she moved after that to the ceremonies of assuming the imam and how we see that the Messenger, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, preached it previously. Then move on to the death of the imam and his burial in Baqi’ Hurghada, and let this study be distinguished with everything that the word contains, as it had dimensions and a constructive historical approach that depends on accuracy and objectivity in transmission and writing.

The self has been an ever evolving and endlessly fascinating topic, inspiring literature, conversations and debates through the ages. The late Nobel Prize-winning American novelist Saul Bellow had an especially keen eye for the self, and his take on this interesting issue was universally recognized. Through his years of writing and teaching, he has given us an insightful and inspirational understanding of the ego and its relationship to the intricacies and truths of life. The author Saul Bellow wrote extensively about the joys, sufferings, and complexities of the self and its relationships with the world. His distinctive, colorful writing style and profound understanding of human nature have earned him widespread renown. Each of us has something to contribute, and it is up to us to decide how we will conduct our lives. The self is an unstoppable force that evolves and transforms with every new experience. Moreover, Bellow felt that the search of self-knowledge is the foundation of personal transformation. This illustrates Bellows' idea that in order to truly know ourselves and progress, we must strive for a deeper understanding of our cognitive processes and emotions. From reviewing his writings, it is clear that Saul Bellow had a profound grasp of the human mind and advocated self-reflection as a means of achieving personal growth and stability. His thoughts serve as a reminder of the power of self-examination and the complexity of the self in contemporary life.

Archeology in the civilization of Mesopotamia revealed the first roots to which the knowledge and sciences of the ancient Iraqis extend in many and varied fields, including the science of chemistry. As this science witnessed, through different historical eras, a remarkable development embodied in the chemical applications in the techniques of many ancient Iraqi industries, specifically ((metal alloy manufacturing technology)), and the innovation of civilizational elements related to casting and casting of metals (subject of research).
The Mesopotamian civilization was a forerunner in producing high-quality metal alloys such as bronze, brass, electrum, steel, and others. As the process of mixing copper metal with other metals is a chemical technical process that in itself is a qualitative breakthrough in the metal fabrication technology in general, and the manufacture of copper metal in particular, to produce different metal alloys. Hence, the technology of manufacturing metal alloys of various kinds saved time, effort, and an increase in the amount of production of metal tools and equipment necessary in daily life, with an increase in the provisions in their manufacture.

This study represents the archaeological discoveries of prehistoric times in the southeastern Badia in the Khashabiyah Mountains, Al-Jafr region in Ma’an Governorate, Jordan, which are related to religious temples and their association with the hunting process in prehistoric times, which was discovered in the above site, represented by the discovery of an archaeological facility It is unique in the world and is linked to the practice of religious rituals, which contains the oldest architectural model in the world, and the oldest plan for stone traps dating back to 7 thousand years BC in the Neolithic era, which is linked to the first axis of the conference axes related to religious facilities in some eras before date.
The site also contains deer traps, which are considered a turning point in the understanding of traps that have technical, religious and ideological aspects, related to the hunting process in those time periods, and the temples represent the religious life and the cultural, historical and civilizational heritage of these societies, and include temples, caves, tombs, and sculptures Stoves, coffins, and flint tools they used .This study aims to highlight the religious status and the historical and archaeological value of this site, and to protect, maintain and preserve it as a religious, historical, archaeological and cultural source for society, and to shed light on the modern scientific and technological methods and means in excavation, research and discovery of these antiquities, archiving and documenting them, and interacting with many Research centers, local, regional and international universities and civil society organizations in the fields of theoretical and applied studies of archaeological discoveries as one of the most important foundations for excavation and digging for antiquities, introducing new archaeological discoveries, analyzing and understanding them and linking them to previous discoveries, to understand the reality of ancient civilizations, and to identify the religious facilities that They were using it and linking it to the human heritage and the role played by these civilizations .The importance of this study lies in its association with the beginnings of settlement and architecture, and with the activity of organized hunting, which is one of the rare examples of the presence of a large number of fossils within what looks like a temple or a place prepared for religious rituals related to the process of hunting and perhaps slaughter specifically, as its blindness lies in that it It dealt with an important vital topic that addresses a research issue that preoccupies researchers, historians and archaeologists, and documents a crucial historical stage in the history of Jordan, and gives a clear picture of scientific, academic and research studies to reach new facts and results that serve everyone.
What distinguishes this study is that it revealed a new culture called the Ghassanid culture, which is the culture of the fishermen community during the Neolithic era, who practiced collective hunting of deer using huge stone traps, and the discovery of traces of this culture near the stone traps, which includes many evidences related to hunting. Al-Jami’, and this name came in relation to Jabal Ghassan located near the archaeological site in the Al-Jafr area above, and the discovery of statues with human head shapes attached to a group of fossils that were placed in the same place, and traps with low stone walls that extend to several kilometers and in a right shape. A wide mouth, usually from the east, and a narrow end, usually from the west, in which the animals caught in the trap gather, and that technicians and archaeologists followed two different methods of testing techniques, which is the use of radiocarbon, by measuring the half-life of radiation in organic materials from the site And the use of the latest technology, which is OSL (Optically Stimulated) Luminescence).The problem of the study stems from the difficulty of discovering religious facilities in prehistoric times in archaeological sites in Jordan, and the lack of maintenance, protection and preservation of them. These antiquities, and the archaeologists alone bear the search, excavation and detection of these antiquities, and they came to answer the following questions, what is the nature of the religious facilities that were discovered? What time periods do you go back to? What are the areas in which these facilities are located? What are the challenges facing archaeological discoveries and religious facilities?

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), the best of all creation.
The Islamic society is nothing but a large family whose children stand like a solid structure, and one of the most important purposes of Islam is the sustainability of sincere brotherhood among people, so interdependence and cooperation remain between individuals, and this purpose appears in charitable work. God associated him with faith in the Holy Qur’an, as charitable work has great social purposes, our true religion has urged charitable work, and approved the rewards for the hereafter, and we understand from all of that, that charitable work is very important and should be acted upon seriously. High enthusiasm, especially since the idea of charitable work is rooted in Islamic law in the Holy Qur’an and the honorable Sunnah of the Prophet, and among the most important things that help a person to do charitable work are:
A - Religious motive.
b- Adapting to the morals of our Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
The entire Islamic religion is aimed at achieving interests and benefits for the servants, preserving what secures their lives, and repelling what corrupts their religion and their world, and one of the most powerful means to achieve this is charitable work.

The current research aimed to reveal (The Effect of some Reception Theory Strategies on the Critical Reading Skills of preparatory 5th grade students), There is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group (which is studied according to the K.W.L. strategy and Multiple Passes strategy) and the control group (which is studied according to the traditional method) in the Critical Reading Skills. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher followed the experimental approach, He chose the experimental design with two experimental and control groups, which is one of the partial control designs. The researcher chose Dijla secondary school, They were divided into two groups, an experimental group, and the other a control group. The two research groups were equalized in variables: )age, intelligence, previous achievement, parents' educational achievement, previous information) The English textbook included topics of reading comprehension and literature focus (for the first semester). The study concluded that the students of the experimental group who studied using the K.W.L. and Multiple Passes strategies outperformed the students of the control group who studied in the traditional method.

Today, the world is witnessing a series of cognitive, scientific and technological changes and developments, which have added new responsibilities and duties to the role of the teacher in modern society, which required the need for programs and practices that required him to develop his abilities and knowledge and deep familiarity with the foundations of the theory of knowledge, which in modern times has become the key to economic growth.
Knowledge is one of the most important economic resources, which makes it imperative for the teacher to acquire classroom management skills in a multimedia environment.the teacher today is not a carrier of knowledge, but an active participant and mentor who provides his students with information resources and multiple educational opportunities. all this can lead to the transformation of the economic system from an economy based on quantitative production to an economy based on information and knowledge.
The new knowledge economy has become a tangible living reality, although it seems to some that it is still under formation, and that this economy is growing at rapid rates, and that it surpasses all other economies, both in tangible quantitative terms, and in tangible qualitative terms. In this regard, the importance of the knowledge economy is highlighted by the role it plays, and the technologies, means and methods provided in various fields, and the resulting fundamental contributions to the work of the economy, and the way in which the development of these activities is achieved, and these basic contributions to the contents of the knowledge economy, its data, and techniques based on the intensive use of knowledge, and science. In light of the above, this research will shed light on several concepts, including the knowledge economy, the economic value of knowledge and the role of the teacher in the context of the knowledge economy and his skills.

Digital drugs have become a phenomenon that worries and disturbs the international community in general and the Iraqi society in particular with all its spectrums, due to its connection with the changes that occurred in the digital world, and given the media halo created by this type of abuse, which the Internet has become a popular market for, as it is sold and marketed in the absence of a legal deterrent and explicit texts to criminalize This type of psychotropic effect, so it became necessary to shed light on this phenomenon, which attracts young people and adolescents and pulls them into the world of digital addiction, by codifying the necessary legislation that criminalizes everything that affects the human mind through software.This study is an attempt to show what digital drugs are as a new and dangerous social phenomenon of unregulated addiction, which is a product of globalization and digitalization. To confront it legislatively, socially and technically.

Education constituted an important stage in the life of the modern Iranian state during the Qajar era, and it happened that the country began a period of intellectual renewal, which emerged when Mirza Abbas assumed the mandate of the Covenant of Shah Fath Ali Shah, and witnessed the extent of backwardness and collapse in the scientific and organizational system of the state that lost vast lands to Russia after The failed wars with it and the signing of the Gulistan and Turkmanjay treaties between 1813-1828, and the cumulative action of the reformist approach expanded until the advent of Amir Kabir, Prime Minister Nasir al-Din Shah (1848-1896), so he built an integrated system of integrated reform measures for the state, and he found that starting education It is a very urgent necessity, as all state institutions depend on it, so he is looking for the first education initiatives. Amir Kabir found in his professional and development work that the establishment of schools is one of the priorities of the state, and we must not limit ourselves to the first level of education, but rather move to university education.

The enrichment of the text comes from a set of linguistic formulas, and the intensification of the discourse results in the extension of the speaker’s self, which in turn affects the speech. After that, tools come to demonstrate the value of the effect from an aesthetic and psychological point of view through the study of linguistic expression. Not all poets speak as people speak. Its language is abnormal, and this abnormality gives it a style, as it explains the creative phenomenon, not ignoring the partial, but rather sees it linked to the overall text, to achieve the main goal, which is the diagnosis. Measuring the average displacement in the text through a statistic carried out by the stylistic researcher, as the stylistic analysis emanates from the text itself. The critic of the elements of the text, the ways in which they perform their functions, and their relationships with each other, without going beyond the boundaries of the text to any site, and in order for the stylistic analysis to be somewhat successful, in its analysis, it is not enough to identify the similar levels.(phonetic level, synthetic level, semantic level) Rather, it must be considered coherent in light of the color of aesthetic sensitivity in any critical reading.

Given the importance of the physiological aspect and its connection to the angiotensin converting gene, which is one of the most studied genes and the most important in the RAS system (rennin-angiotensin), which is a group of peptides that regulate blood pressure, as it converts (angiotensin) angiotensin I into angiotonesin II, which is active in vessels and aldosterone. The stimulus of the peptide inhibits the activity of bradykinin and is expressed in a number of somatic cells including vascular cells (heart, lung, muscle) ( ) and its association with nitric oxide, aldosterone and lactic acid during the physical effort of volleyball players.
Gene expression is the process by which information from genes is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) or snRNA) small genes, and the product is RNA, and the purpose of the study was to identify the relationship of gene expression to (ACE ) in nitric oxide and the hormone aldosterone for volleyball players., As for the research methodology, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method because it fits with the nature of the research problem. ) clubs, which are (Al-Daghara, Al-Qasim, Al-Kufa, Al-Rawdatain, Al-Mishkhab, Imam Al-Muttaqin, Al-Medhatiya, Al-Hashimiyya), with (112) players, and (30) players were chosen randomly and by drawing lots. The most important conclusions and recommendations are: The value of the gene expression of the ACE gene is highly related to nitric oxide and the hormone aldosterone in volleyball players, and this gives us a sure and accurate indication of the players whose gene expression value of the ACE gene is high, which means their functional and chemical work efficiency is greater.

The books of scholars and jurists of the sixth century AH, especially Shiites among them, were full of mentioning Fatima al-Zahra (P). A large book that included the news of Fatima (P), her virtues, her misfortunes, and what she saw after her father, as well as they were classified in the asceticism of Fatima (P). Fatima Al-Zahra .

Summary Nigeria is located west of the African continent north of the equator, and is one of the largest African countries in demographics and with economic privileges that made it in the first ranks in terms of oil and gas reserves, so it is necessary to preserve the privacy of the country, and stop foreign interference represented by the British presence on Nigerian territory, as well as the desire of the country to enjoy all its goods for itself without sharing with the British occupier, so Nigeria has sought since their conversion to Islam to create an educated and educated generation that can Promoting Nigerian society and advancing progress, their efforts resulted in the establishment of many Islamic schools in various Nigerian places, which began to develop despite being fought by the British occupier, who sowed the seeds of missionary schools in Nigerian regions with the aim of reducing the growth of Islam in Nigeria as well as gaining the promising Nigerian generation and educating them in European culture, However the Nigerian Muslim masses did not stand idly by but sought to wrest their legitimate rights by submitting constant requests to the British ruler for continued education in Islamic schools, as well as their unbridled desire for the expansion and spread of Islamic schools in various regions of Nigeria, where Britain did not object to their desire and allowed Nigerians to achieve their goal besides opening missionary schools. Thus, Arab-Islamic culture spread alongside foreign culture in Nigeria, as well as Nigeria's crowning of independence from British rule in 1960.

The aim of the research is to design tests in order to measure the accuracy of the front and back volleys in the tennis game. The research problem was embodied in the lack of these skills in tests that measure accurately, in addition to interfering in the measurement for each type of stroke, so the researchers decided to build these tests. The research consisted of (12) players and with (66) observations. The researchers used the descriptive survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The researchers set the modified standard scores in a sequential manner and levels for the research community.

From the final decade of the twentieth century, the topic of variety in society and its ramifications has drawn much debate and the attention of several researchers. In order to manage the racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious, and sectarian variety in their society, countries often turn to various management techniques. One of those countries is Malaysia, and this paper aims to describe one of those methods. As a result, the main topic of this study is: What management strategies does Malaysia employ to deal with the sociological variety that defines its society? The study came to the conclusion that variety in Malaysia, a country whose society is distinguished by racial and religious diversity, is a significant factor in many facets of political, social, economic, and cultural life. Based on this, Malaysia as a nation employs several techniques to control the various social structures in its society.

The study in this research is devoted to dealing with the verses of rulings, as defined by the ancients and the modernists, as a concept and as a term ,The study mentioned the opinions of scholars regarding its number and its ratio to the total number of verses of the Holy Qur’an, And its role in deriving legal rulings from the entire Qur’anic text and its collaboration with the hadiths of the Messenger (PBUH) that permeates a legal ruling. Therefore, the verses of rulings, or as they are called by some scholars (the jurisprudence of the Qur’an), are among the most prominent verses in the Qur’anic text, Where it is possible to determine the legal rulings of the Muslim individual, and to know the ways and how to bring them, Therefore, these verses have received great attention among scholars and jurists, and have taken their place in explanatory books, Rather, it can be said that the first interpretations are jurisprudential interpretations that cared more about legislation and rulings than others.The opinions of specialists in the sciences of the Qur’an and its interpretation differed in determining the number of these verses from other verses, And how to distinguish between the Mawlawi and the Guidance Rulings in the Noble Text, And how to divide the provisions within the mandated and positivist framework.

The handball game is one of the widely spread games because it contains many skills, including defensive and offensive ones, as these skills require many physical and motor capabilities in order for the player to be able to carry out the duties required of him. The research problem was manifested in the kinetic compatibility between the eye and the arm and the shooting skill of jumping high in handball. Research is under study. The research was applied to a group of students of the second stage / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Al-Qadisiyah, whose number is (12) students for the academic year(2022/2023), as they were divided into two groups in a random manner, and then the groups were homogenized and rewarded and started with one starting line for specific exercises, and then a set of data was obtained. Treated statistically and get to know what it means, the researchers concluded that the specific exercises had an effective role in developing motor coordination between the eye and the arm and the shooting skill from jumping high in handball, and also saved effort and time for the coach and the player in developing motor coordination and shooting from jumping high in handball well. It is suitable for this age group.

The title of the research (the most important characteristics that are required to be present in the heads of youth and sports forums in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate from the point of view of workers) The youth forums emanating from the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate and its districts and districts are frequented by young people of different age groups to practice sports, artistic, scientific and cultural activities, each according to his hobby and abilities. He is characterized by it and tends to it through his desire and skill that he is good at in that hobby. The main objectives were: to identify the characteristics that are required to be present in the heads of the youth and sports forums in Diwaniyah Governorate, from the point of view of the workers. The total research community (120) workers. While the most important conclusions were that the presidents of youth and sports forums enjoy respect for the customs and values of society, and in light of this, the researchers recommend developing the levels of presidents and the need to inform them of the latest administrative information and keep pace with development.

The current" research aims to identify the effectiveness of the PECS strategy in developing the future thinking of second-grade students in the middle school in social sciences. The researcher used the experimental design of the research community consisting of students of the second intermediate grade, as the middle school (Al-Farahidi) was chosen randomly to represent the research sample, and Division (A) was chosen randomly to represent the experimental group and Division (B) to represent the control group. The number of students in the research sample was (67) students, and by (34) students for the experimental group, and (33) students for the control group. The equivalence of the two groups was verified through previous information, chronological age, intelligence, previous year's grades, and parents' academic achievement. The researcher built the research tools, which were represented by the future thinking test consisting of (30) paragraphs of the type of multiple situations. The experiment was applied in the first semester, as the actual teaching began on Sunday (7/11/2021) and the actual teaching ended on Sunday (9/1). /2022). In order to obtain the results, the data was processed statistically by using the SPSS program to process the data for the research. The results showed the following:
● "The students of the experimental group who were studied according to the PECS strategy outperformed the students of the control group (the usual method) in the future thinking test because of its positive impact on increasing students' thinking, as well as helping the students to prepare psychologically and provoke their previous knowledge." On the basis of that, the researcher presented A number of recommendations, including: “Using the PECS strategy in teaching social studies for the preparatory stage, for the purpose of increasing students’ future thinking.” The researcher also made a number of proposals, including: “Conducting other studies to find out the effect of using the PECS strategy on other variables, such as the trend towards social studies.” Information retention, critical" and inferential thinking, and other variables.

The study concluded by evaluating the methods of medical waste disposal in Al-Shifa Medical Complex in terms of sorting, collection, transportation, storage, and final disposal, and identifying the problems and challenges facing workers in Al-Shifa Medical Complex, and identifying the most important solutions to overcome them.The study found that there are major obstacles, including the lack of access to devices, materials and capabilities that help in the process of disposing of medical waste completely, and working partially to dispose of it in Al-Shifa Medical Complex in some departments such as (industrial college, operating rooms) and recently operating the incinerator, and weak monitoring and follow-up to dispose of this waste.There is also a significant shortcoming in the process of disposing of medical waste, and the lack of a culture of disposal and knowledge of its health risks to the environment and human health among the workers in the complex. There is no continuous maintenance of the incinerator, which leads to the emission of black smoke, and thus is a source of toxic gases such as carcinogenic dioxin.Among the recommendations of the study: work to intensify efforts from all relevant parties to find a comprehensive and integrated solution to manage the problem of medical waste, apply the sorting process in its correct form from the source, work on building a central incinerator with modern technologies under the supervision of a specialized staff.

The aim of the current research is to identify the academic narcissistic maturity of postgraduate students. And the differences are statistically significant in academic narcissistic merit according to the variables of gender (male, female), specialization (scientific, human) and stage (Master-PhD). Randomly and proportionately from the total research community, the two researchers adopted the Academic Narcissistic Merit Scale (Hyena, 2018) and after verifying the validity and reliability of the scale it was applied to the research sample and then conducted statistical analysis of data through the Statistical Bag for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results showed that students Graduate students have academic narcissistic merit. No differences were shown according to gender, specialization, and type of study for academic narcissistic merit. According to these results, the researchers made a set of conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.
Keywords: Academic narcissistic merit - postgraduate students

The study aimed at the effectiveness of Thelin's model and its impact on learning the skills of chest handling and shooting in basketball for students. The first stage of students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Kut University College for the academic year (2022-2023) from (3/15/2023 AD) to (5/2/2023 AD) , In the third chapter, the researchers dealt with the impact of the model on teaching the two skills under study and the description of the tests used in the research. The researchers used appropriate statistical methods for the study sample and the results, with all the details, most notably the use of the law of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient, the torsion coefficient, and the law of the rate of development. During the field and statistical procedures, the results that the researchers sought were discussed, and they concluded the following.
1- The educational curriculum prepared according to Thelin model contributed positively to students learning the skills of chest handling and shooting in basketball.
2-This model gives an opportunity for students in the practical lessons to think and analyze, thus enhancing the thinking pattern quickly for the skills
The researchers recommend the following:
1- The need to use Thelin model in learning some basic basketball skills for different samples.
2- Use this form for other games

The study aimed to identify the role of the learning organization in promoting work ethics from the point of view of the teachers of the University of Skikda, where the descriptive analytical approach was used, and the study population consisted of (110) professors, and the use of the questionnaire as a tool for data collection and through field survey and analysis using the SPSS program. It indicates that there is a direct relationship between the dimensions of the learning organization and the promotion of work ethics at the University of Skikda with a correlation degree of (0.584), and it also recommends the need to enhance continuous learning at the University of Skikda by objectively discussing mistakes and identifying the needs of teachers and the need for the university to develop, develop and implement training programs for work ethics, especially professors qualified to take over leadership positions in the future.

The educational process is one of the most important areas that witnessed a lot of changes and developments in all its fields, due to its important role in building the learner and solving his problems. Learning from the teacher to the learner being the focus of the educational process. Accordingly, this development in the field of learning added new duties and responsibilities that lie with the teacher, and among the most important of these duties is to create an educational atmosphere that suits the learner's needs and tendencies, in addition to choosing the most appropriate exercises that lead to achieving the goals in the least effort and the shortest time in accordance with the type of game . Therefore, the researchers decided to introduce new methods to the educational process in order to develop and accelerate the learning process for students in the handball lesson, as well as to shorten the effort and time. Tribal and remote in teaching some basic skills in handball, and the researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences for sensory modeling in learning some basic skills in handball among students of the research sample. Waist University for the academic year 2022-2022, which is (35), after excluding the absentees, The research sample was divided randomly, and (15) students were chosen for each of the control and experimental groups in a random manner, so that the number of the sample became (30) students. Determining the basic handball skills used in research through a questionnaire for the purpose of identifying them, and it was presented to (9) experts and specialists in the field of handball in order to determine the most important basic skills. To measure some basic handball skills In order to determine the most important basic skills, the appropriate tests were identified to measure the basic skills in handball, and the scientific basis for the tests designed to measure some of the basic skills in handball, the pre-test, and the preparation of the education program using the programmed teaching style, the exploratory experiment, the application of the educational curriculum, the post-test, and statistical methods were found. The researchers concluded that the use of sensory modeling is more effective than the traditional method used in acquiring some basic skills in handball, and recommended the need to use sensory modeling, which is one of the modern methods in teaching programs and preparing students of physical education and sports sciences, especially in teaching basic skills in handball, and similar studies and research procedures on The rest of the basic handball skills and other educational stages, and encourage students to use self-feedback during performance, increase their interaction with the lesson and the teacher, and train teachers on different types of teaching methods for the purpose of improving the scientific level of teachers.

The study aimed to identify the level of scientific research skills among students of preliminary studies, the fourth stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Qadisiyah University. Distributed to (7) divisions, the research procedures included building a scale of scientific research skills, which included (7) areas (the problem area, the title formulation field, the research objectives and hypotheses field). The field of theoretical studies and previous studies, the field of the research sample, the field of discussing the results, the field of conclusions and recommendations), and the researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature and problem of the research, where the sample of the exploratory experiment was (20) male / female students and the sample of the main experiment was (100) male students and the application sample (120) male / female students, and the most important conclusions were that there are statistically significant differences between the averages of the fields of scientific research skills and the hypothetical average, in favor of scientific research skills. Also, students of the fourth stage enjoy a level of scientific research skills through the results shown by the scale. The most important recommendations reached by the researcher is the need to use this scale to reveal the levels of primary studies students of scientific research skills.

The study aimed to identify the effect of the strategy of gradual activities and psychological tension in learning the skills of the basketball and shooting, and the researcher assumed that there is a statistical significance of the strategy of the gradual activities and psychological tension in learning the skills of the basketball and shooting in favor of the experimental group , It also assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the post-tests of the experimental and control groups in psychological stress and its impact on the strategy of gradual activities in the performance of the skills of tapping and shooting in basketball. The study, as for the study sample, a sample of applying the psychological stress scale was chosen from the students of Umm Salamah middle school, which numbered (124) students. for each group, And then the researcher adopted the psychological stress scale prepared by (Huda Jalal Muhammad, 2004), which consisted of (28) paragraphs, and then the researcher prepared educational units with the strategy of tiered activities, and she reached the most important conclusions, which is that the tiered activities strategy gave the opportunity to activate the students And an explanation of their role, as well as giving the school more time to observe the students when performing the skill of tacking and shooting peacefully in basketball for the experimental group. The researcher recommends conducting studies similar to the current study in which psychological stress is taking place and its impact on the strategy of gradual activities in the performance of the skills of tacking and shooting with basketball for students, since the current study achieved distinguished results.

The study aims at the importance of using plyometric exercises, which contribute to increasing muscular and functional efficiency, and to demonstrate the effect of these exercises in developing explosive power, rapid strength, and achievement. Of the players of Iraqi clubs in athletics and the temporal domain for the period from (6/8/2022 AD to 8/10/2022 AD) and the spatial domain the athletics stadium in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences and the weight training hall. The experimental method was used to suit the subject of the study and some physical and functional tests and means appropriate statistic. Some conclusions of the study were summarized, including that plyometric exercises have contributed to the development of rapid and explosive strength, the exercises contributed to a good link between the stages of running and the development of the digital level of effectiveness (100m). The training contributed to reducing the time of contact with the ground while running as a result of increasing the strength of the working muscles of the two legs. The recommendations include emphasizing plyometric exercises within the training curriculum when training players, emphasizing strength and speed exercises for their importance in training and developing achievement, adopting functional tests within the training curriculum to identify the functional competence of runners and improve the level of achievement for this event.

- To identify the effect of the educational curriculum using visual exercises on learning the skill of crossing barriers for Basra club players at the ages of (13-14) years.
2- To identify the effect of the educational curriculum using visual exercises on some bio-kinematic variables for Basra club players at the ages of (13-14) years.
The researcher used the experimental method and the research sample included (8) players who were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The educational curriculum consisted of (16) educational units.
The researcher has reached
1- The educational curriculum has a positive effect on the skill of crossing the barriers.
2- The educational curriculum has a positive impact on the development of bio-kinematic variables.
3- The experts' assessment of the technical performance in overcoming the barriers was what enhances the positive use of the educational curriculum. The researcher recommended the following:
The need to use visual exercises in teaching the skill of crossing barriers.
The need to use visual exercises in teaching the skill of crossing barriers according to the principle of stages, starting from getting up to passing.

The scope and content of the research presents an attempt to shed light on tribal fanaticism on the military side, not the civilian one. Before giving details on the subject, I find it necessary to introduce the reader - albeit with some haste - to the concept of tribal fanaticism and to mention its drawbacks in the light of heavenly and earthly texts that frame infallibility because it is issued by infallible people, and other opinions. Interested in those who gave their opinion in this regard.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the strategy of the power of thinking on the achievement of female students in the second intermediate grade in science. tables for girls) affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar Governorate, randomly, from the research community, as the researchers adopted the experimental research approach as a method to conduct their research, which includes an independent variable, the thinking power strategy, and a variable dependent on achievement, the researchers chose the experimental design to adjust the research variables, and before proceeding By applying the experiment, the researchers rewarded the two research groups to obtain accurate results with the following variables: (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the test of previous information, the achievement of the parents, the Daniels test of intelligence). And when equivalence was made between the two research groups, the two researchers prepared the research requirements of plans, goals, and tests for the two research groups, and upon completion of the application of the experiment, the researchers applied their research tool to the two research groups, and after analyzing the results statistically, the researchers obtained data for the two research groups, and that data was processed statistically by A t-test for two independent samples, and the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group, according to the strategy of the power of thinking in achievement.

Governance in the educational process is the rational practice of management powers by relying on disciplined laws, standards and rules that define the relationship between school management on the one hand, and stakeholders or parties associated with the school on the other hand with the aim of improving institutional performance, which leads the school towards quality in work, transparency and justice, and for the sake of Identifying the reality of governance and its practices by male and female principals in primary and secondary schools from the point of view of educational counselors in Diwaniyah Governorate The researcher applied the scale that the researcher prepared for this purpose, consisting of (26) distributed over two domains, after extracting the psychometric characteristics of it. It was applied to a sample of (400) educational counselors in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023). Results The sample members are aware that there is an application of governance by their managers in the areas of work quality, justice and transparency according to the variables of gender (male-female) and stage (elementary-secondary). The research has reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

This research shed light on an important topic, which is the social aspect, which is considered one of the goals on which sports clubs were founded. One of the justifications for this study was the neglect of the social aspect by the Ministry of Youth and Sports in the evaluation process for sports clubs.
The study aimed to:1. Building a scale for the social aspect of sports clubs from the point of view of club administrations in the southern region.2. Studying the reality of the social aspect in sports clubs (Southern Region).3The researcher relied on the descriptive method in the survey method, and he conducted the experiment on a sample of building amounted to (120) members of the administrative bodies of clubs and a sample of application amounted to (100) members. And the construction of the scale so that the scale is ready for application from (30) items and finding weights for them, and the most important conclusions were reached:1. The scale is ready to study the reality of the social aspect in sports clubs for this year, with the possibility of applying it for years to come.2. The weakness of the reality of the social aspect in sports clubs, as a percentage of (43.37)% was achieved in general.3. The most important paragraphs, due to their higher weight in the social aspect scale, focused on the work of club administrations on social security for their members, as well as giving lectures to link sports with the teachings of religion, as well as acting as a mediator between the citizen and government agencies.

The aim of the research is to identify "the effectiveness of the strategy of searching for the other half in the achievement of fourth-grade female students in physics." To achieve the goal of the research، the following zero hypothesis was formulated:"There is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the students of the experimental group who will study using the search for the other half strategy and the average scores of the students of the control group who study according to the five-year plan in the physics achievement test."The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control of two equal groups with the post-test، and according to this design، the researcher chose (Al-Fajr Preparatory School for Girls)، which was intentionally selected، and two halls were chosen by lot. The other half، Hall (A)، is the control group. It included (34 students) who studied according to the five-year plan. Equivalence was conducted for the two groups in variables: (chronological age in months، parents’ educational attainment، previous information in physics، intelligence)، and the scientific subject was determined. From the physics book for the fourth scientific grade، the behavioral objectives of these chapters were formulated، as they numbered (164) behavioral objectives، and with regard to the research tool، an achievement test consisting of (40) items was prepared by the researcher، and the validity، reliability، coefficient of ease and difficulty، and coefficient of Discrimination is the effectiveness of false alternatives to this test. After analyzing the data، the results showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group in the achievement test. In light of the results، the researchers put a number of conclusions and recommendations. v and proposals.

The aim of the current research is to identify aesthetic values and state building in the light of John Dewey's philosophy in Iraqi society, and to identify the most important philosophical ideas on which Dewey's philosophy was based, which became clear in the role of education and aesthetic ethics in developing artistic taste and feeling and developing moral and social behavior, after it formed a philosophy Beauty Dewey has a broad interest in social and philosophical studies because artistic creativity is a social phenomenon of human culture and civilization.,Aesthetic values have emerged today in their negative form, which is indifference, or indifference to values, because thought alone does not make a great person, nor does emotion make him, and the truly right person is the one who achieves the beautiful balance between saying and doing, thought and conscience, the heart and mind that spreads the pulse of life in contemplations, so values Aestheticism draws a new line in life and makes rules general and absolute that transcends time and space and liberates it from circumstances to draw beauty in everything. The study of aesthetic values is of particular importance because it constitutes a great educational force in all respects, because the individual feels the need for beauty and creativity and his desire to see beauty and green nature. Hearing music, songs and chants, and art that affects man deeply, and the topic of aesthetic values is still one of the most important topics that philosophers have dealt with since ancient times, especially a study in aesthetic experience in the light of John Dewey's philosophy and its differences and reflections and the social transformations that Iraqi society went through after 2003.

The aim of this research is to design an electronic curriculum for the subject of Measurement and Evaluation for educational colleges, based on the Mayer's theory, and to investigate its effectiveness on the academic achievement of students in the College of Basic Education in the subject of Measurement and Evaluation. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the descriptive methodology in designing the electronic curriculum and the experimental methodology to investigate its effectiveness. The research population was selected to represent all students of the College of Basic Education in Iraq for the academic year (2022-2023). The research sample was purposively selected from the research population from the Department of Mathematics at the College of Basic Education, University of Misan , consisting of (84) male and female students, divided into experimental and control groups. The researcher conducted the necessary procedures to ensure the equivalence of the two groups and prepared (12) teaching plans for both groups. Regarding the research instrument, it was an achievement test that included both objective and essay items, and after extracting its psychometric properties, it was applied to the research sample. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group. In light of the results, the researcher concluded that students have a great interest in electronic curricula , and recommended paying attention to modern technological innovations such as electronic curricula. The researcher also suggested conducting further studies on the effectiveness of electronic curricula with other variables that have a positive impact on academic achievement.

The researcher carefully identified the variables to be studied, which are authentic leadership, organizational level, and functional excellence, and came with a pre-prepared scale with some linguistic modifications for the purpose of adapting them to the quality of the selected sample, which is members of the football sub-associations.
Football in Iraq, which has a membership of (70). The study aimed to:
1. Creating the actual reality of authentic leadership at the organizational level and functional excellence in the work of the Iraqi Central Football Association
2. Identify the relationship between authentic leadership with the organizational level and functional excellence in administrative unions.

The most important conclusions were:
1. Authentic leadership, organizational level, and functional excellence achieved good results in the administrative performance of members of the Iraqi Central Football Association.
2. There is a strong correlation between authentic leadership and both the organizational level variable and functional excellence in the administrative performance of the Iraqi Central Football Association.

The study aimed to prepare exercises for basketball, as well as identifying the percentage of lipids, as well as knowing the effect of exercises, especially on blood lipids, among the players of the University of Al-Qadisiyah team for the season (2022-2023), and the experimental approach was used in the manner of equal groups, and the research community was determined They are third-stage students in the College of Education for Girls / University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year 2022-2023. Their number is (30) students, and the percentage of the sample was (100%). The sample was divided randomly into two groups, control and experimental, as each group reached (10) students, and the number of samples The exploratory experiment was (10) female students. As for the results of the research, the special exercises affected the blood lipids of the experimental group, as well as the preference of the experimental group over the control group in terms of the effect of the special exercises, as well as the presence of differences in the effect of the special exercises on the blood lipids between the two groups.

The research aims to identify the degree of body mass index and some elements of physical fitness in the performance of the human wheel among the female students, and to identify the correlation between the body mass index and some elements of physical fitness in the performance of the human wheel among the students of the second stage. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and the correlations. The research sample consisted of female students in the second stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon for the academic year 2022-2023, whose number is (20) students, and the body mass index of the research sample was measured by dividing the weight by the square of the height for each student, and the research sample was tested The elements of physical fitness (strength characterized by the speed of the two legs, transitional speed, agility, flexibility), and the statistical bag (spss) was used to extract the results.
The research came out with the following conclusions:
1. There is a direct significant correlation between body mass index and the element of strength characterized by speed, agility, and flexibility.
2. There is an inverse significant correlation between body mass index and transitional speed. The researcher recommends the following:
1. Adopting the body mass index for students as an annual calendar so that the ideal index can be maintained.
2. Studying the relationship of body mass index with skillful performance in sports

Social capital flourishes and grows in the event of strong governmental institutions so that they can support public trust in society, which helps in the development of social capital, while some other studies confirmed the exclusion of the state from the sources of social capital formation, and this difference is due to the nature of the state’s role in One society to another, and the state has many institutions specialized in the development of community capital by providing spatial, temporal, material, social and cultural conditions, which are mixed with social cultures, which is represented by the ability of these institutions to develop and develop social capabilities and skills that lead to putting forward ideas and crystallizing them in order to raise the level of The capabilities and capabilities of the individual, the family and the community, through increasing trust and cooperation within the health sector that serves the members of the community, and works to motivate workers and increase their motivation to work. The existence of trust in the institution is a prerequisite for ensuring the interaction of its members with each other, and it plays a role in the stability of societies and their ability to achieve economic and social growth, and thus build a large amount of social capital

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of teaching using the note-taking strategy in the historical comprehension skills of second –grade students in the experimental approach was chosen because it is compatible with the objectives of the research (2023- 2024 ) the study was conducted on a sample of female students in the second intermediate grade , consisting of (54 ) students in social studies (Arab and Islamic history ),distributed in two experimental groups of (27 ) students who studied according to a strategy of taking notes ,and the second group was a control group of (27 ) female students studied the same subject in the usual way , while the study tool was a historical comprehension skills test consisting of ( 30) items in its final form , and the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group over the students of the bonding group in the historical comprehension skills test , and accordingly the successors presented a set of

Al-Qadisiyah University - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
The research included five chapters, where the researcher discussed in the first chapter that scientific knowledge is one of the concepts related to mental processes, and it refers to the distinguished performance of individuals in organizing their experiences in their memory and style. Scientific knowledge was used as a basis for distinguishing between individuals during their interaction with different life situations, as Scientific knowledge is based on thinking and sensory perception of the individual himself, and as a result of what the researcher touched upon, this study gains its importance, as the work based on scientific formulas in preparing a comparison with the scientific knowledge of students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the football game to advance the level of their abilities and select the good and distinguished elements from them.
It also touched on the research problem in identifying the scientific knowledge enjoyed by the research sample, which is represented by the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the game of football.
As for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive approach in the sensory method (which seeks to collect data from members of the community for him and try to determine the current state of society in a flexible variable), and the research community and its sample were (150) students. Then it ends by circulating its results to the community, and the research sample is represented by the students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Al-Qadisiyah, whose number is (150) students, (first _ third _ fourth) each stage by (50) students from the original research community. The researcher came out with several conclusions:
1- Scientific knowledge is one of the important conditions for acquiring information for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
2- The scientific knowledge of students has an important role as it leads to reinforcement, encouragement and strengthening of the student's response to continue learning, as the student's feeling that he has successfully learned something increases his motivation to continue studying.
3- By comparing the scientific knowledge between the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences stages (first, third, and fourth), there is a preference for the students of the third and fourth stage only because they have more scientific knowledge in the game of football than the students of the first stage.

There is no research on the Iraqi potter Samer Al-Karadi, so we tracked his private and completed works of art at the College of Fine Arts and his private workshop. The aim of this study is to identify the connotations of color in the works of the potter Samer Al-Karadi, and we relied on the descriptive analytical method in analyzing the samples within an artistic and philosophical framework, and we reached that the potter achieved in his works a superior aesthetic through the connotations of color in contemporary ceramics, as the color is always It is inherent to the shapes as an added indication, whether it is a color or a dye, it is complementary to the form with an aesthetic significance that is indispensable by the potter, and this is what is considered a system in the transformation of colors with the multiplicity of shapes, and when the color is richer or distinguished, the shape has a complete significance and sublime and has aesthetic value. The indications of color and their physical and chemical effects have a role in crystallizing the ceramic figure with a scientific, artistic and practical indication and reference through which the potter discloses his ceramic formation with semantic openness. And that the active relationships in the ceramic races give them a high musical and smooth effect in the general composition of the ceramic form and the development of an aesthetic mechanism in the ceramic art races, in which the perception and feelings of the recipient are taken into account according to a contemporary modernist visi The aesthetic transformations in the types of contemporary ceramics are the departure from the patterns of traditional shapes, by building a contemporary formative indispensable for color.

The objective of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of the cluster umbrella strategy in the achievement of second-grade students average in science
To achieve the research objective, the null hypothesis was formulatedThe null hypothesis: - There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who study according to the cluster umbrella strategy and the mean scores of the control group students who study according to the traditional method in acquiring science. In order to verify the validity of this hypothesis, the researcher conducted an experiment that lasted a full semester for the academic year (2021-2022), as the researcher used the experimental design (the partial control) for two equal, independent, experimental and control groups. ) affiliated to the General Directorate of Education of Baghdad / Karkh for the academic year (2021-2022 AD). As it reached (81) students, Division (B) consisting of (40) female students was chosen to represent the experimental group and Division (A) consisting of (41) female students to represent the control group. The two research groups were rewarded in a number of variables (chronological age calculated in months, (previous information, intelligence, holistic thinking), and a tool was prepared, namely the achievement test (40) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice with four alternatives, and the validity of the tool was confirmed after it was presented to the arbitrators, as the data was analyzed and processed statistically by adopting the statistical program (spss) The results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the cluster umbrella strategy over the students of the control group who studied according to the usual method in the achievement test. A positive effect on the achievement of female students.

The current research aims to identify (analytical thinking among history teachers for the preparatory stage) and in order to achieve the goal of the research, the researchers used the analytical descriptive approach as a method for research, and the researchers identified all the teachers of history for the preparatory stage in the Directorate of Education of Al-Muthanna Governorate, as the size of the community reached (356) teachers and schools, while the two researchers extracted their research sample according to the (Steven Thompson) equation, as the sample size reached (185) teachers, and after examining the Previous literature The research tool was prepared consisting of (34) paragraphs distributed into (4) components, namely (the cognitive component, the cognitive component, the coordination component, and the emotional component), which were applied to the research sample and in light of the research results. The two researchers reached a number of results, the most important of which are mentioned as follows:
1- Preparatory stage history teachers possess analytical thinking.
2- Lack of interest in educational subjects, including (thinking), in the faculties of Education and Education for the Humanities, in addition to not teaching them in the Faculty of Arts due to the different outputs of the Faculty of Arts.

Research summary: The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the lesson of physical education for primary schools in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. And its suitability with their tendencies and desires, and the research problem was manifested in the researcher's question, which is the reality of the physical education lesson in the primary stage in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the manner of survey studies, and the research community included two categories: the supervisors of the specialty, who numbered (62)( As for the second category of society, it was represented by teachers of physical education, and the sample was chosen by the intentional method of the community of supervisors of specialization, and its number reached (20) supervisors, while the teachers’ assistants reached (120) out of the community, amounting to (846) male and female teachers. The researcher used similar sources, references and standards, and the questionnaire form For the purpose of collecting information and formulating the paragraphs. The questionnaire forms were prepared, which contained (6) main axes, and (12) paragraphs were formulated for each axe. The scientific characteristics were extracted from validity and reliability. The researcher used the Excel program and the (spss) program in statistical treatments, where ratios were used percentage, relative importance, simple correlation, and Vachronbach. The results of the analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in favor of those who answered (no). In all the phrases and on all the axes of the questionnaire, which indicates a weakness in the curriculum and the objectives of the lesson of physical education, where the researcher concluded this weakness through the results of the research.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of divergent thinking strategies on the achievement of biology subject among the third intermediate grade students. For the academic year (2022-2023 AD), the number of female students in the experimental group was (37) female students and the control group (37) female students. The researcher prepared the requirements for the experiment, which includes defining the scientific material, defining the behavioral objectives, preparing study plans), and the research tool was prepared and built, the achievement test in biology for the third intermediate grade, where the achievement test consisted of (30) items, Including (20) objective paragraphs of the multiple choice type with four alternatives and (10) essay paragraphs. The apparent validity and validity of the content were verified, as well as the psychometric characteristics. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in the achievement test in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including the need to use divergent thinking strategies in teaching biology for the third intermediate grade because of its positive impact on raising the level of achievement of female students.

The current research aims to identify the impact of teaching selected texts on the role of women in the collection of history (the Arab-Islamic civilization) among students of the fourth grade of literature, and the experimental approach was chosen, because it fits with the objectives of the research, and the current research community consists of middle school and secondary day students For girls, affiliated to the Directorate of Education of Diwaniyah, the center of Babylon Governorate for the academic year (2022, 2023), and the study was conducted on a sample of students in the fourth literary grade, consisting of (62) students in the subject of history (Arab-Islamic civilization), distributed in two experimental groups of (31) students. We studied according to the impact of teaching selected texts on the role of women, and the second group controlled the number of(31) female students who studied the same subject in the usual way. The control group students in the achievement test, and based on that, the researchers presented a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions