iklil for Humanity Studies

This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which social references-leveraging their moral authority-contribute to managing social crises and analyzing their repercussions, while identifying their role in enhancing social cohesion and mitigating behavioral confusion. The research problem stems from the increasing complexity of contemporary calamities, where a sharp disparity emerges in collective response, oscillating between commitment to the public interest and a state of chaotic disorientation, thereby subjecting societal resilience to a rigorous test. In light of the occasional decline in trust toward formal legal roles, informal forces (religious, tribal, and intellectual) emerge as moral regulatory powers derived from shared heritage.
The study employed an analytical methodology to examine the essence of this influence and its capacity to withstand digital transformations that have fragmented classical reference structures. The study reached several pivotal results, most notably: moral authority does not vanish but rather undergoes a transformation; the traditional \"authority of the pulpit\" has receded in favor of \"screen authority\" and digital platforms. Furthermore, the study established that there is no universal reference applicable to all crises; security crises necessitate the presence of religious and tribal references, whereas health crises require the synergy of intellectual (scientific) and religious references to guide public behavior.

This study raises both an ethical and a political question: what makes a social system a just arrangement? Is justice grounded in the fairness of rules and institutions that distribute means—such as resources, rights, and opportunities—among individuals, or does it lie in the fairness of outcomes that translate these means into real freedoms ?
The research discusses the concept of justice in the philosophy of John Rawls (1921–2002) through a hypothetical contractual test known as the “ original position ” or the “ veil of ignorance. ” It then explains Rawls’s metric of evaluation- primary goods - along with the priority of basic liberties and the difference principle . The discussion then turns to Amartya Sen (born 1933) as a critic of Rawls’s theory of justice , arguing that it is centered on means or declared welfare. Sen introduces his distinction between functionings and capabilities, as well as his conception of the essence of freedom and the removal of remediable injustice .
The comparison demonstrates that Rawls provides a solid and robust standard for legitimacy and stability within a pluralistic constitutional society . In contrast , Sen offers more precise tools for measuring deprivation experienced by the poor across multiple dimensions, and for guiding policies from equality of means toward equality of capabilities - that is , fair opportunities for all according to their circumstances.

The current research aims to identify: The Effectiveness of Using Preparation and Closing Skills in Achieving Arabic Language Teaching Methods for Students of the Arabic Language Department In order to verify the research objective, the researcher applied his research experiment, which lasted (8) weeks, in the second semester of the academic year 2024-2025, in light of the experimental design with two equal groups (experimental and control), which depends on the post-application of the test. The research sample was determined by the students of the Arabic Language Department at the Faculty of Basic Education, University of Al-Kufa for the academic year 2024-2025, who were distributed in two classrooms, Hall A represented the experimental group with (17) male and female students, while Hall B represented the control group with (17) male and female students, and the parity between the two groups was achieved in the variables (chronological age, previous information, and intelligence). After identifying the topics of the Arabic language teaching methods course taught to students, the researcher formulated a list of behavioral objectives consisting of (45) behavioral goals, and prepared eight teaching plans according to the preparation and closing skills of the experimental group, and eight other plans according to the usual method of the control group, and to measure their effectiveness, the researcher prepared the research tool, which consists of (30) items of the multiple-choice type, and the researcher used the T-test, for independent samples to process the data, and equation (d) to measure the size of the The results of the study showed the effectiveness of teaching according to the skills of preparation and closure in the achievement of the Arabic language teaching methods, as the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control group, in the achievement test.

This research aims to measure the labor market readiness of art education students and reveal their level of professional preparedness in light of the demands of the contemporary labor market, which is undergoing rapid transformations due to technological development and the emergence of the creative economy. The research stemmed from the problem of a potential gap between the traditional academic preparation of art education students and the diverse requirements of the labor market, particularly in technical and marketing aspects.
The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. The research population consisted of students from the art education department, while the study sample comprised (100) male and female students. To achieve the research objective, a measurement tool was developed consisting of (30) items distributed across five main dimensions: (educational, artistic production, digital technology, entrepreneurial marketing, and community management). The tool was based on a five-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were verified using appropriate scientific methods.
The results showed that the students\' level of labor market readiness was moderate, with an overall arithmetic mean of (3.52), with a clear variation between the dimensions. The educational dimension achieved the highest level, followed by the artistic production dimension, and then the administrative and social dimension, while the digital, marketing, and entrepreneurial dimensions recorded the lowest levels. These results indicate that students possess good skills in educational and artistic aspects, but a relative weakness in the digital and marketing skills required by the modern job market.
In light of these findings, the research recommends updating curricula to include modern digital skills, introducing courses in art marketing and entrepreneurship, strengthening partnerships with art institutions, and developing students\' practical and professional skills in line with labor market demands. It also suggests conducting future studies that address the development of digital skills and track art education graduates in the job market.

The research objectives (The strategic effect of listening to the main assignment on the requirements for acquiring Arabic language materials for the distinguished fourth-grade student), and the creative researcher chose her research for the first time intentionally, consisting of (60) female students, part of which is (30) female students for the experimental group, and (30) female students for the control group in Aisha Vocational Preparatory School, affiliated with the Al-Rusafa First Education Directorate.
The equivalence of the students in the two groups was established by examining the following variables: (the students\' chronological age calculated in months, the parents\' educational attainment, and their scores in the Arabic language subject in the ministerial exam for the third intermediate grade for the previous academic year (2023-2024)). Then, the set of extraneous factors was identified. The experimental group was taught according to the (listening to homework) strategy, and the control group was taught according to the usual method within the experimental period, which extended for one academic semester (the second). An achievement test was prepared as a research tool at the end of the experiment. Using the independent samples t-test and determining the significance of the statistical difference between the two research groups in the arithmetic mean of their scores, the research yielded the following results:
A statistically significant difference was found at the 0.05 level, with the experimental group students who studied Arabic grammar using the \"listening to homework\" strategy outperforming the control group students who studied the same material using the traditional method.
Based on these results, the researcher drew several conclusions, made multiple recommendations, and suggested further research.

The present study aims to identify:
1. The level of interactive e-learning skills among Arabic language teachers.
2. The statistical significance of differences in the level of interactive e-learning skills among Arabic language teachers according to gender (male, female).
3. The teaching performance of Arabic language teachers.
4. The statistical significance of differences in the level of teaching performance among ARABIC language teachers according to gender (male, female).
5. Correlational relationship between interactive e-learning skills and teaching performance among Arabic language teachers.
The researchers adopted the descriptive approach to study the characteristics of the two variables and employed the correlational method to analyze the nature of the relationship between them. The research population consisted of all Arabic language teachers in Babylon Governorate. The research sample included (186) male and female teachers.
The researchers developed two research instruments. The first was an Interactive E-Learning Skills Scale consisting of (72) items based on a five-point Likert scale. The second instrument was a Teaching Performance Observation Checklist consisting of (53) items covering three domains only: planning, implementation, and evaluation. The validity and reliability of both instruments were verified.
The data were analyzed using Excel 2010 and SPSS version 27. The results revealed the presence of a positive correlation ranging from moderate to strong and statistically significant between interactive e-learning skills and teaching performance. This indicates that an increase in the level of interactive e-learning skills is associated with an increase in teaching performance, and vice versa.
The findings demonstrate that teachers who possess higher competence in using e-learning tools and interactive technologies exhibit more effective teaching performance in lesson planning, implementation, and student assessment, which in turn contributes to improving the overall quality of the educational process. In light of the results, the researchers proposed a number of recommendations and suggestions presented in Chapter Four.

This article presents a sociological critical review of the reality of child rights violations in Iraq during armed conflicts, seeking to overcome the cognitive deficiencies that characterized traditional approaches. The central problematic lies in the dominance of a purely legalistic perspective that relies solely on international conventions as shields of protection—a stance we consider in this article as a disconnection from field reality. The article aims to establish an epistemological break with studies that treat the child as a mere statistical figure or a criminal case, offering instead the concept of Shadow Victims as a divergent explanatory framework. This framework sheds light on the invisible category crushed by social silence even before being crushed by war.
The review concludes that the solution does not lie in the accumulation of legal texts, but in dismantling the sociological structures that legitimize violence and impose stigma on victims. This necessitates a national strategy focused on deconstructing the walls of societal rejection and redefining the concept of integration, rather than merely activating legal texts that remain effectively dormant on the ground.

This study analyzes the primary factors contributing to the spread of suicide, with a specific focus on the social and psychological dimensions as key to understanding the underlying motives behind this phenomenon. Furthermore, it proposes preventive mechanisms. The study adopts an inductive analytical methodology to reach its conclusions.
The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows:
1. Social Factors: The study revealed a strong correlation between suicide and several social factors. The most significant among these include the disintegration of social bonds, feelings of alienation resulting from relocation to new communities, the spread of drug abuse, the proliferation of violence through media, and the easy accessibility of suicide tools.
2. Psychological Factors: Psychological factors are considered crucial due to their profound impact on suicidal behavior. The results indicate that psychological disorders are a primary driver of such behavior. Depression emerges as the leading cause, followed by problem avoidance, chronic feelings of sadness, guilt, and alienation.
3. Prevention Mechanisms: Based on the findings, the study proposes a set of preventive mechanisms centered on the following:
• Strengthening religious awareness from an early age, a responsibility that falls primarily on the family to foster this dimension.
• Providing a healthy and safe environment for young people that supports them morally, spiritually, and intellectually, thereby enhancing their ability to confront societal challenges.
• Activating the crucial role of the media in raising awareness about the dangers of suicide.
Establishing specialized centers to offer psychological and material support and counseling to at-risk individuals, helping them overcome crises

This study examines the influence of students’ subcultures in the school environment on teaching methodologies. The study involves two main subjects at schools in Baghdad that are: the subculture of teenagers associated with the internet and social media and the subculture of students from the rural sub-urban surrounding the city. The study operates an analytical descriptive approach to identify how these two subcultures affect students’ behaviors and educational values and how such influence reflects on the school’s teaching methodologies. Data was collected through observation and interview as well as secondary sources of official statistics, reports and previous studies. Findings indicate that the subculture influenced by the virtual reality in teenagers, although it enables self-educational opportunities and technical skills, is associated with some educational challenges such as lack of focus, lack of motivation to school education, and lack of driving force to pay attention. On the other hand, students’ subculture of the rural areas is associated with positive values such as respect and discipline while it is challenged by obstacles like lack of opportunity of access to education due to some customs and traditions that hinder girl’s participation in completing studies. The study recommends the diversification of teaching methodologies to be used with cultural diversity by hybridization of digital and tradional technologies in education that includes vocabularies pertinent to the student’s environment and subculture, further, improve the rural infrastructures and schools for better education awareness in rural areas especially with girls. With such steps, the education system can transform cultural sub-diversity among students to a source of enrichment and motivation rather than a barrier.

This study aims to examine the relationship between poverty and criminal behavior in Iraqi society from a sociological perspective, with a focus on the economic, social, and cultural factors influencing this phenomenon. The importance of the research stems from its focus on two critical social issues that threaten societal stability—poverty and criminal behavior. It seeks to enrich sociological knowledge and provide insights useful for policymakers and institutions in developing social and developmental policies to mitigate these issues. The study employs a descriptive and sociological analytical approach through reviewing official reports and national statistics on multidimensional poverty in Iraq. It also addresses classifications and types of poverty, its causes—such as unemployment, wars, corruption, and unequal distribution of resources—and classifications of criminal behavior according to legal, psychological, social, and religious perspectives, identifying both internal and external factors influencing the commission of criminal acts. The findings indicate that the relationship between poverty and criminal behavior is complex and direct. Poverty acts as a motivating factor for criminal behavior rather than a direct cause, through psychological and social pressure, weak family and educational supervision, widespread unemployment, and inequality in economic opportunities. Poverty also leads to a sense of social alienation, increasing individuals’ vulnerability to deviant and criminal behavior.The study concludes that crime prevention requires a comprehensive approach, including economic development, provision of job opportunities, enhancement of education and vocational training, support for socialization institutions, and the development of rehabilitation programs, alongside ensuring legal justice and providing psychological and social support for high-risk groups.

This study addresses the phenomenon of social change in contemporary societies, which represents one of the most complex and influential sociological processes shaping the structure and functions of society. Iraqi society is employed as an analytical and interpretative model to examine this phenomenon. The study seeks to conceptualize social change, identify its dimensions and fields, and analyze the most prominent theoretical perspectives that attempt to explain it. These perspectives include functionalism , theories of modernity and postmodernity, and symbolic interactionism.
The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by a comparative approach, relying on the analysis of relevant sociological literature and previous studies. The objective is to identify areas of convergence and divergence among the different theoretical interpretations of social change.
The findings indicate that social change constitutes a continuous and dynamic process resulting from the interaction of internal and external economic, cultural, political, and technological factors. Furthermore, the acceleration of change in contemporary societies is closely associated with globalization and rapid technological advancement. The study also reveals that developing societies encounter specific challenges related to balancing the requirements of modernization with the preservation of cultural identity.
The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of adopting an integrative analytical framework capable of interpreting social change in a manner that supports social development and enhances societal stability.

This study aims to examine the impact of social media platforms on media security and collective awareness among students of private universities in Baghdad, taking Imam Al-Sadiq, Al-Mustafa, and Sadr Al-Iraq universities as a model for analysis. The research is grounded in the rapid transformations brought about by communication technology in the twenty-first century, which have contributed to the widespread use of social media platforms as influential tools in shaping public opinion andintellectual orientations, particularly among university youth.
The study focuses on analyzing the nature of the increasing use of these platforms by students and its implications for values, behaviors, and attitudes, as well as its role in shaping collective awareness. It also addresses the challenges associated with weak media security and the spread of unreliable information, and their impact on creating intellectual and behavioral disturbances among students. Furthermore, the study seeks to identify the main difficulties faced by this group in dealing with media content and their ability to distinguish between accurate and misleading information.
The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of enhancing students’ media literacy through the development of educational and awareness programs that contribute to building their critical thinking skills and strengthening media security. This would help reduce the negative effects of harmful content and enhance their role in forming a cohesive collective awareness based on reliable sources.

This study aimed to identify the patterns of use of online radio stations among Iraqi youth and to explore their motivations and gratifications from listening, in addition to determining the stations and content most attractive to them. The study adopted the survey method and included a sample of 200 respondents, equally distributed between males and females. The findings revealed that listening to online radio stations is mostly associated with leisure time, driving, or being at home, and that songs and music are the most followed content, followed by general and political news. The results also indicated that the main motivations for use are entertainment and leisure, along with news consumption, while the gratifications achieved combine psychological aspects (breaking routine, enjoyment, and relaxation) with cognitive aspects (enhancing general knowledge and awareness of social issues). The study concluded that Internet radio has become an influential medium among Iraqi youth, yet it requires further development of content and increased opportunities for interaction to strengthen its presence and impact. It recommended supporting the infrastructure of these stations, encouraging the production of interactive youth programs, and focusing on content that combines entertainment with knowledge.

This study aims to examine the role of public relations and environmental media in enhancing awareness of environmental issues in Iraq, with a particular focus on how Iraqi traditional and digital media are utilized to promote environmental culture and encourage positive behaviors towards natural resources. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach by reviewing relevant literature and analyzing selected samples of environmental coverage, TV and radio programs, digital journalism outputs, and public awareness campaigns implemented by governmental institutions and civil society organizations. The findings indicate that Iraqi media do contribute, to varying degrees, to informing the public about pollution, water scarcity, desertification, and climate change; however, this contribution remains below the required level in terms of continuity, specialization, and the presence of professional environmental journalism. The study further highlights the importance of integrating the efforts of public relations units in environmental ministries and agencies with various media platforms through interactive digital communication strategies and evidence-based awareness campaigns, in order to foster public participation in environmental protection and support sustainable development policies in

This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the media's role in addressing social issues, focusing on the drug phenomenon in Iraq during the current period. The study seeks to provide recent academic statistics, uncover opportunities available to the Iraqi media, and offer future recommendations to enhance this role. The research adopted the survey method as an accurate tool to interpret the theoretical framework and analyze field data in an academic and objective manner.
The study was applied to a random sample of the population in Baghdad, finalizing at (157) individuals from various ages and social classes, during the field period from November 2, 2025, to January 5, 2026. To achieve the study's objectives, the researcher utilized a "questionnaire" as the primary data collection tool. It was designed to encompass seven axes (one demographic axis and six specialized axes), relying on the five-point Likert scale to ensure the accuracy and objectivity of the quantitative results.
The research yielded several key findings: First, a shift in the audience's consumption pattern toward concise, scientific content instead of lengthy dramatic or talk-show formats, reflecting growing cultural awareness. Second, results proved that media reliance on solid scientific frameworks significantly reduces the likelihood of the "rebound effect" or reverse impact, which might indirectly promote negative behaviors. Furthermore, the findings emphasized that media coverage of the drug crisis must encompass economic and technological dimensions rather than relying solely on traditional awareness, ensuring a broader and more inevitable impact on the audience.

This study seeks to analyze the frameworks for news treatment of the Qatari-Iranian relationship in the Qatari newspaper Al-Raya during the period of the Gulf crisis and its aftermath, as one of the important regional issues with political and media dimensions.
The study highlights the importance of the role of the media in shaping the mental perceptions of the public, and influencing public opinion through the news frameworks it adopts in dealing with foreign political issues.
The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach, using content analysis to analyze the nature of the news frameworks used in Al-Raya newspaper for the Qatari-Iranian relationship.
The study contributes In understanding the role of the Qatari media (Al-Raya newspaper) in managing political discourse during crises, and revealing the relationship between foreign policy and the media frameworks used in the Qatari press

Despite the aristocratic character inherent in moral language, its linguistic forms have been subjected to rigorous linguistic analysis. Philosophers of language, across their diverse orientations, aim to analyze the moral discourse of both the philosopher and the layperson to clarify its various usages. However, elucidating such usage necessitated an investigation into its function. Philosophers of language distinguished between two primary functions: the descriptive function and the emotive function.
They maintained that the former was the prototypical function worthy of philosophical inquiry, attempting to forcibly constrain all forms of linguistic expression within the mold of the declarative statement. Their intent was to employ language as a symbolic tool denoting the facts of the external world. Nevertheless, these philosophers eventually recognized the plurality of linguistic applications; hence, the emergence of emotive language, which encompasses imperatives, prohibitions, and optatives—the category to which moral language belongs. Consequently, a readiness emerged to evaluate all forms of discourse, provided that terminology is not employed loosely .

The Impact of Electronic Games on the Cognitive and Social Aspects of Kindergarten Children
Abstract: The current study aims to identify the level of impact of electronic games on kindergarten children, as well as their effects on the cognitive and social aspects. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed an Electronic Games Scale consisting of two dimensions: cognitive and social, in its final form comprising 20 items, with 10 items for each dimension. The psychometric properties of the scale, including validity and reliability, were verified. The scale was applied to a sample of 200 children from government kindergartens under the Directorate of Education of Baghdad/Al-Rusafa Second, selected using a simple random sampling method for the academic year 2025–2026. The study reached the following results
1-Electronic games have a statistically significant impact on preschool children
2-Electronic games affect cognitive abilities moderately, but the effect is not strong
3-Electronic games have a noticeable impact on social aspects, tending to weaken direct social interaction.

The present study aims to identify the level of digital awareness and digital self-regulation among kindergarten children, as well as to examine the correlational relationship between the two variables from teachers’ perspectives. A Digital Awareness Scale consisting of (25) items distributed across four domains was developed. In addition, a Digital Self-Regulation Scale was constructed, comprising three domains with (15) items in total (5 items for each domain). The instruments were administered to a sample of children enrolled in governmental kindergartens affiliated with the Directorate of Education / Baghdad Al-Karkh First for the academic year (2024–2025) After establishing the psychometric properties of both scales, the findings revealed the following
1-Kindergarten children do not possess a high level of digital awareness
2-Kindergarten children do not possess a high level of digital self-regulation
3-There is a statistically significant positive correlation between digital awareness and digital self-regulation
In light of the findings, the researcher proposed a set of recommendations and suggestions

The research aims to identify the level of psychological mindedness and professional competence among kindergarten teachers. Using a descriptive approach, the study was conducted on a sample of (400) teachers from the six Directorates of Education in Al-Karkh and Al-Rusafa. To achieve the research objectives, two scales were developed to measure psychological mindedness and professional competence. The results revealed that kindergarten teachers possess a high level of both psychological mindedness and professional competence, with a significant positive correlation existing between the two variables.

The aim of the study was to investigate motivational perseverance and its relationship with cognitive flexibility among nursery school teachers. The study was conducted on a sample of 400 nursery school teachers, who were randomly selected from state-run kindergartens affiliated with the Baghdad Directorate of Education in Rusafa I, II and III, and Karkh I, II and III. The research scales were developed and applied to the sample, The researcher calculated the reliability and validity coefficients for the scales on the sample, as the scales consisted of five items weighted (5, 4, 3, 2, 1). The data were then entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results revealed the following) .There is a high level of motivational perseverance among kindergarten teacher).)There is a high level of intellectual humility among kindergarten teachers). (There is a correlation between motivational perseverance and intellectual humility among kindergarten teachers. In light of the findings of the research, the researcher put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.

study aimed to examine the level of awareness among teachers and mothers regarding the various effects of smartphone use on children aged four to six years, from their perspectives, in relation to several variables, namely: (number of hours of use and phone ownership). The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. The study population consisted of 100 kindergarten teachers, with the assistance of the children’s mothers, in Baghdad Governorate. They were selected using a simple random sampling method.
The questionnaire consisted of twenty-nine items distributed across four domains: (supervisory aspect, social aspect, psychological aspect, and health aspect). The results indicated that smartphones have negative effects on the social, psychological, and health aspects of children. The study recommended reducing smartphone usage, setting specific time limits for its use, and engaging children in activities that minimize their reliance on smartphones

This research aims to investigate the level of emotional differentiation (Emotional Differentiation Level) among kindergarten teachers, as one of the critical psychological variables influencing emotional and social competence, as well as the ability to cope with professional stress and tension commonly associated with educational work environments. This is particularly relevant in light of the crises and social conflicts experienced by certain educational contexts. The study employed the Descriptive-Correlational Method to analyze levels of emotional differentiation among a sample of kindergarten teachers working in public schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Nineveh Governorate.
To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher developed a specific scale for emotional differentiation, consisting of 45 items distributed across key dimensions representing the fundamental aspects of this psychological construct, including: Clarity of Emotions, Emotional Independence, Stress Regulation, and Interpersonal Emotional Control. The tool underwent tests for Face and Construct Validity, in addition to assessing its reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha and the Split-Half Reliability Method. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the scale possesses acceptable levels of validity and reliability.
Findings revealed a noticeable variation in the level of emotional differentiation among the teachers, reflecting the influence of professional experience and individual personality traits in developing this crucial emotional capacity. These findings support the hypothesis that emotional differentiation functions as a psychological defense mechanism that enables teachers to better adapt to professional stress.
Based on the findings, the researcher recommends the following:
• The integration of psychological counseling and emotional training programs within teacher preparation curricula in colleges of education.
• Conducting regular training workshops to enhance emotional differentiation skills among teachers, especially in managing children with challenging behaviors.
• Providing psychologically supportive work environments in kindergartens to reduce stress sources and help teachers maintain emotional balance.
• Activating the role of educational supervision to monitor the emotional and psychological aspects of teachers and provide appropriate support.
• Encouraging cooperation between the Ministries of Education, Health, and Higher Education to establish sustainable mechanisms for promoting mental health among early childhood education professionals.

This study aimed to identify the role of Islamic education teachers in instilling the values of monotheism in primary school students in Baghdad, Iraq, from their perspective. To achieve the study's objectives, a descriptive survey methodology was used, and a questionnaire was employed as the data collection tool. The study sample consisted of 384 male and female teachers randomly selected from the study population. The study revealed a high level of responsibility for Islamic education teachers in instilling the values of monotheism in primary school students, according to the teachers' perspective in Baghdad, Iraq. Specifically, the role of Islamic education teachers ranked first in the area of educational measurement and evaluation used in basic education, second in the area of teaching methods and techniques used in basic education, third in the area of educational resources and activities used in basic education, fourth in the area of content in primary education, and finally, fifth in the area of general objectives in basic education. Furthermore, the results showed no statistically significant differences at the significance level (α=0.05) between the average ratings of the study sample regarding the role of Islamic education teachers in instilling the values of monotheism in primary school students, according to the variables of gender, academic qualification, and experience. Based on the findings, the study recommended the necessity of guiding Islamic education teachers on the importance of using modern teaching methods and strategies to deliver the material to students, in order to keep pace with developments in the field of education, particularly those methods that contribute to developing the values of monotheism in students, such as brainstorming, problem-solving, storytelling, and others.

Digital technologies and tools for smart systems have become a significant intellectual force shaping design vision, both aesthetically and functionally, in the field of set design in general and digital stage set design in particular. Artificial intelligence systems, with their intelligent technological capabilities, have influenced the conception and construction of design ideas. Therefore, it has become essential for designers to understand the key capabilities of these tools and technologies to update their design vision. The smart training system comprises a set of tools, technologies, strategies, and methods, in addition to digital platforms and interactive and simulation systems. The researcher has chosen to utilize these to develop digital stage set design skills, contributing to solving the problems faced by educational (theatre) supervisors in educational theater productions. Hence, the importance of the current research lies in helping theater supervisors develop creative abilities that enable them to adapt to educational innovations, continuously develop their skills, and update their knowledge. Based on the foregoing, the research aims to build a smart training system and understand its impact on digital set design in educational theater productions. The researcher adopted an experimental approach in his research procedures, employing a pre-test/post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The research population consisted of (63) theater supervisors in the Baghdad Education Directorates. The researcher randomly selected a sample of (10) theater supervisors from the Third Karkh Education Directorate and the Second Rusafa Education Directorate to conduct the research experiment. The researcher ensured the equivalence of the two research groups in terms of the variables of gender, age, and years of service. The researcher used a set of tools, including a digital set design skills test developed by the researcher, interviews, and observation. Statistical packages were also used. The research results revealed differences between the pre-test and post-test scores on the digital set design test. The researcher concluded that training using artificial intelligence systems and smart technologies successfully equipped the experimental group with digital set design skills for educational theater productions. The researcher's most important recommendation is to increase attention to theater supervisors within the theater unit and to develop their intellectual and practical abilities in digital stage set design.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of teaching using the negotiation approach in teaching Arabic in order to develop creative reading skills and measure cognitive flexibility among fifth-grade humanities students. The study sample consisted of two groups: an experimental group of (35) male students and a control group of (35) female students. A teacher's guide was prepared for teaching, followed by the preparation of a booklet for teaching the first unit using the negotiation approach, which is scheduled for the year 2025-2026. The research instruments for this study were prepared, which consisted of a test for creative reading skills and a scale for measuring cognitive flexibility. They were statistically validated and administered post-tested to the two research groups. The most important result of the study indicated the effectiveness of the negotiation approach in the process of teaching Arabic in developing creative reading skills and cognitive flexibility among fifth-grade humanities students. This indicates the efficiency and vibrant atmosphere that this teaching method provides, as well as the exchange of ideas and suggestions among them. It also helped in developing creative reading skills and measuring their cognitive flexibility.

The current research aims to identify the impact of integrated teaching of the Holy Quran and Islamic Education on developing moral awareness and rational thinking among fifth-grade preparatory students. The research adopted the experimental method with a two-group equivalent design (experimental and control). The research sample consisted of (77) female students from Al-Ruqayya Preparatory School for Girls, distributed across two sections: experimental (38 students) and control (39 students). The two research instruments (a moral awareness scale consisting of 20 items and a rational thinking test consisting of 20 items) were administered as pre- and post-tests, in addition to an educational program based on integrated teaching that was applied only to the experimental group. The results showed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the two groups in the post-test for both moral awareness and rational thinking, favoring the experimental group. The effect size (η²) was 0.505 for moral awareness and 0.458 for rational thinking, indicating a large effect size. The researcher recommended adopting an integrated approach in teaching these two subjects, developing curricula based on cognitive integration, conducting training courses for teachers to equip them with the skills needed for integrated teaching, and conducting future studies targeting other educational stages and different dependent variables.

This research aims to identify the level of academic passion among university students, the statistical significance of differences in academic passion based on gender (male-female), the meaning of life among university students, the statistical significance of differences in meaning of life based on gender (male-female), and the correlation between academic passion and meaning of life among university students. The researcher developed an academic passion scale based on Vallerand's (2003) theory, consisting of 30 items, and a meaning of life scale based on Frankl's theory, consisting of 28 items. These scales were then administered to a randomly selected sample of 400 male and female students during the 2025-2026 academic year. The psychometric properties of the scales were calculated, and reliability was established using two methods: the test-retest method, which yielded a coefficient of 0.81, and Cronbach's rank, which yielded a coefficient of 0.86. Regarding academic passion, the score on the Meaning in Life scale was 0.83 using the test-retest method and 0.87 using Cronbach's alpha. The researcher reached the following conclusions: The results showed statistically significant differences between the two means, favoring the male mean, on the academic passion scale among university students. There were also statistically significant differences based on gender (males and females), favoring females, on the academic passion scale. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the two means, again favoring the male mean, on the meaning of life scale, with statistically significant differences based on gender (males and females) on this scale. Finally, a positive correlation was found between academic passion and meaning of life.

The current research aims to identify:
1. Academic grit among medical students
2. Statistically significant differences in Academic grit according to gender (male, female). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed an Academic grit scale based on Duckworth's theory of Academic grit The scale included two dimensions (perseverance and passion), with 8 items for each dimension. The scale was administered to a sample of 168 male and female medical students. After processing the data using the SPSS statistical software, the researcher concluded that the sample possessed a good level of Academic grit. The results also showed no statistically significant differences according to gender. The researcher interpreted the findings and presented a number of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between psychological resilience and national belonging among university students, in light of their increasing interaction with the digital environment and the psychological and ethical challenges it presents. The study is based on the premise that digital media has become a pivotal element in shaping individuals' attitudes and national consciousness, necessitating an understanding of its impact on their psychological capabilities and levels of belonging. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and relied on data collected through a questionnaire administered to a sample of 126 university students from diverse age groups and educational backgrounds. The results of the statistical analysis using SPSS software revealed a strong positive correlation between psychological resilience and national belonging. Furthermore, the results indicated that increased exposure to negative digital content—such as misinformation and discouraging media messages—is associated with lower levels of psychological resilience and weaker national belonging among students. The study also demonstrated that critical thinking skills are a crucial factor in coping with the stressful effects of the digital environment, as individuals with strong critical thinking skills possess a greater ability to maintain their psychological stability and the integrity of their national values. In light of this, the study recommends adopting educational programs that enhance students' psychological resilience and develop their critical thinking skills, thereby protecting them from the negative effects of the digital world.