Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The importance of the research comes in light of what has been mentioned above in clarifying the nature of performance in fencing and the biological variables associated with that performance, which requires studying these biological variables (physiological - and chemical) and identifying their levels when a high-intensity physical load is to be used when preparing appropriate exercises for young players in Fencing, that identifying the changes that occur inside the body under the influence of regular training gives the possibility to judge the biological variables (physiological - chemical) as they reflect the training state of the player, and thus we will contribute to building the fencing players in the correct manner and in accordance with the adaptations of the competitive atmosphere and the objectives of the research were to prepare exercises The maximum load on some of the physiological and chemical variables of the young fencing players, and the identification of the effect of the maximum load exercises on some of the physiological and chemical variables of the young fencing players, as well as the identification of the differences between the results of the cardiac and dimensional tests on some of the physiological and chemical variables of the young fencing players. The research concludes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurement in favor of the post. There has been an improvement in some physiological variables after performing high-intensity physical exertion (pulse rate, red blood cells count, hemoglobin percentage, white blood cells count, platelets) and an increase in the percentage of Sodium after performing high-intensity physical exertion. The most important recommendations were to pay attention to physiological measurements for its positive role in identifying the training and health status of players.

The importance of the research lies in the use of (S.S.G.) exercises to identify its effect on self-confidence and tactical knowledge of football players. The researchers used the experimental approach ( equal groups) for its suitability in applying its procedures. As for the sample of the research, it was the (24) players of Al- Samawah Sports Club. They were divided randomly into two groups (control and experimental) (12) players for each group, and the necessary tools and devices were used in the research and its implementation steps, which included preparing exercises (S.S.G.), the exploratory experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests and the application of exercises and then the post-tests. The researchers concluded that, the players' need for exercises ( S.S.G.) to help them increase self-confidence as well as in tactical knowledge. Researchers recommend making use of and giving sufficient space from these exercises in the training units because of their great role in self-confidence and tactical knowledge.

Basketball has become one of the games that has occupied its place among the rest of the other games, because of its speed in cases of offensive and defensive play and the small area of the field as well as excitement and enthusiasm that it broadcasts in the same scenes. The skill of successful correction, including the skill of three point jump shoot, is the threshold for all defensive and offensive skills and plans. Hence, the aim of the research is to identify the values of some biochemical variables in the performance of the skill of three point jump shoot. The researcher used the descriptive approach (comparative studies ) for its suitability to the nature of the problem. Al-Basrah University basketball team for the 2013-2014 academic year has been selected as the research sample. Twelve players of the original adult population (15) players. The research concluded the following: As the ball’s launch angle variable achieved statistically significant correlation relationships with the ball’s launch velocity variable and the ball’s entry angle, as it was found that the greater the values of the ball’s launch angle, the greater the values of the ball’s launch velocity and the ball’s entry angle. The research recommended the necessity of adopting the important mechanical foundations and factors for the projected objects, which were represented in the variables of the angle of the ball launch and the launch velocity of the ball to achieve an ideal flight path commensurate with the requirements of technical performance to achieve accuracy of correction in line with the required motor duty

The study aimed to design a model for the most important mental variables to predict the tactical behavior offensive for the Euphrates clubs junior players in handball. The researchers used the descriptive approach (relationships method), and the research population included (124) players, as the comprehensive enumeration method was adopted. The researchers reached several conclusions, including the deduction of a predictive equation through which the tactical behavior offensive for the Euphrates clubs junior players in handball can be predicted in terms of four physical, kinetic and skill indicators and four mental variables. In addition, he researchers recommended several recommendations, including conducting studies similar or complementary to this study, including cognitive, psychological and physiological aspects.

The problem of the study was manifested in the absence of a plan in which to predict the offensive tactical behavior of the junior Euphrates clubs players in handball. The study aimed to establish grades and standard levels of the most important physical, motor, skill and mental abilities of the junior Euphrates clubs players in handball. The researchers used the descriptive approach and the research population included (124) players, as the comprehensive enumeration method was adopted, and in order to achieve the objectives of the study, a battery of physical, motor and skill testing was adopted. The researchers have reached several conclusions, including reaching setting standards and specifying standard levels for physical, motor, skill and mental variables as a means of evaluation and interpretation that can be relied upon in evaluating the level of players. The researchers also concluded with several recommendations, including conducting studies that are similar or complementary to this study, including cognitive, psychological and physiological aspects

To achieve the objectives of the research, exercises were prepared with multiple resistances in the "Cross Fit" method to develop the characteristic strength of speed, vertical velocity and achievement of triple leavers under 20 years of age. The two groups are for the benefit of the post-tests. The researchers used the experimental approach to design the experimental and control groups. The researchers conducted field procedures, as the research sample included triple jump players in Karbala clubs for the season (2018/2019) under the age of 20 years, and their number (12) was divided into two groups and included field procedures for research and then statistical means. As the significant differences between the pre and post-tests of the group appeared in the study variables.

To achieve the objectives of the research, training has been prepared in multiple platforms in the manner of (Cross Fit) to develop physical abilities and some biomechanical variables and achievement for triple leaps under 20 years of age, and the researchers hypothesized that there are significant differences between the results of cardiac and dimensional tests in the development of special physical abilities and biomechanical indicators and the achievement and validation of the triple under 20 years for both groups And for the benefit of dimensional tests. The researchers used the experimental approach with two experimental and control groups and the researchers conducted field procedures as the research sample included the triple jump players in Karbala clubs for the season (2018/2019) under the age of 20 years and their number (12) was divided into two groups and included in the field procedures in research and statistical methods and in the chapter Fourth, when the statistical differences appeared between the two groups in the study variables.

The research problem emerged from several axes, including weakness in the skillful performance during the performance of the long jump, and this weakness resulted from the non-use of exercises in the hierarchical style (ascending, descending), which depend on the gradient in determining the intensity of each hop separately depending on the level of each hopper taking into account time and distance. The other is the lack of interest of many coaches in the technical aspect of the competition within the training units compared to the physical aspects, and the players' lack of awareness of the importance of these exercises as their knowledge of physical exercises, and for the purpose of developing performance and achievement in the long jump competition, the researchers deliberately applied the exercises of the hierarchical style on the long jumpers in a random manner (draw) from The community of Karbala clubs, where the winners were divided into two groups (control and experimental) for each group (4) and evidenced, and the aim was to develop the achievement performance and after conducting the pre-tests and applying the exercises prepared by the researchers for a period of (8) weeks and signed (3) units per week, and then conducting the tests Dimensional and results obtained, the effect of hierarchical exercises has been proven in developing achievement for the research sample.

The research problem lies in an attempt to uncover the experimentation of the effect of using homogeneous small groups in learning basketball passing and shooting from stability for for first-stage female students, due to the clear weakness of students in learning basic skills in basketball. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using homogeneous small groups in learning basketball passing and shooting from stability for female students. The research assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the pre and post- tests in favor of the post- test in learning basketball passing and shooting from stability for female students. The researchers concluded that the homogeneous small groups method used in the research had a positive effect on teaching passing and shooting from stability for female students. The researchers recommended making use of the homogeneous small group method test in learning basketball passing and shooting from stability for female students

The aim of the research is to design a proposed device with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to be used in the application of special exercises to develop the kinematic response, speed and force of punches of the research sample. The researchers manufactured an electronic device to determine the range of punching. The researchers designed exercises using the manufactured device, and after applying the exercises and conducting statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the use of modern devices, especially the ultrasound device in training, has a significant positive impact in developing the physical and movement capabilities of young boxers. The exercises in which the device was used had a significant and effective effect on the results of the tests in terms of development in the capabilities studied. The two researchers recommended using the device in developing the researched capabilities of other groups

The study aimed to reveal the difference in the level of the kinetic index for selecting players in football schools and academies at ages (10-12) years. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey and interrelationship method. The research population included the players of football schools and academies of (10-12) years old, whose number reached (140) players. The number of the survey sample reached (30) players and the number and sample of the main application was (100) players. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers sought to prepare a standardized test according to scientific foundations and steps. The following conclusions were reached to devise an optimal method (the personal model) to evaluate the most important motor determinants according to the standard levels achieved by the research sample with the aim of (diagnosis, correction, treatment, comparison, direction, selection, and development). The researchers also recommended the necessity of using standardized tests as scientific research tools concerned with measuring the most important indicators of movement determinants and preparations for players in football schools and academies in Karbala Governorate at ages (10-12) years

The aim of the research is to identify the leadership personality and the organizational commitment of teaching the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Mustansiriya University, and to identify the relationship between the leadership personality and the organizational commitment of the teaching of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Mustansiriya University. As for the research procedures, the research sample includes the teaching staff of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Mustansiriya University, and the two teaching staff of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Baghdad University for Women, whose number (127) constitutes (100%). The study concluded that the organizational commitment of the teaching staff is in harmony with an effective, positive and advanced role in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the future. The most important recommendations were the emphasis on working to find modernization and development of the psychological and personal aspects of the teaching leaders in order to alleviate and overcome the apparent obstacles

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of mental training in developing some composite basic skills in football for juniors at the age of (12-14) years, and to identify the differences between the results of the pre and post- tests of the control and experimental groups in developing some composite basic skills with football for juniors aged (12-14) years, as well as identifying the differences in the post tests between the two experimental groups in the development of some composite basic skills in football for juniors aged (12-14) years. The research sample included young Basra Football Club players, aged (12-14) years. An experimental approach was used. The most important conclusions are that mental training has importance in developing some composite basic skills in football for juniors aged (12-14) years, as well as the use of codifying and repeating exercises according to mental training helps to develop some basic composite skills installed in football juniors aged (12-14) years. It was recommended to adopt mental training because of its importance in developing some basic composite skills in football for juniors aged (12-14) years

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of transformational leadership and intellectual fluency of physical education teachers, and to identify the nature of the transformational leadership relationship with the intellectual fluency of physical education teachers. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational studies. The research community included male and female physical education teachers in Babil governorate. The researcher also used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in statistical treatments. The researchers concluded that physical education teachers in Babil governorate distinguished themselves with a high level of transformational leadership and intellectual fluency, as the results showed a positive significant correlation between transformational leadership and intellectual fluency of the sample members. The most important recommendations were the need to develop the attributes of transformational leadership and intellectual fluency of physical education teachers in Babil Governorate.

The study aimed to prepare a curriculum according to a metacognition strategy to raise the level of selective attention and to learn the forehand and backhand strike of tennis for students of the third stage - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kerbala, and to identify selective attention among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kerbala, as well as to identify At the level of learning the forehand and backhand strike of tennis for students.
The research population was represented by the third stage students, and they were divided into two control groups and an experimental group, and they numbered (20) students and an exploratory group (5) students from Division (B), and two students were excluded and replaced from the control group for lack of commitment to attend, and thus the percentage of the research sample reached (58.33%). ). In light of the results of the research, the researchers reached the following conclusions: The curriculum using metacognition strategy has improved the level of skill performance of the forehand and backhand strike of tennis for students. The approach using metacognition strategy has improved the level of selective attention (auditory, visual and sensory) of the third stage students. In light of the research findings, the researcher recommends using modern educational strategies in teaching beginners in the game of tennis

The aim of the research is to prepare an educational curriculum using the TRAGEST model in cognitive achievement of Snatch for beginner weightlifters, and to identify the effect of the educational curriculum using the TRAGEST model in cognitive achievement of Snatch for beginner weightlifters, as well as to identify the preference for the effect between the educational curriculum according to the TRAGEST model and the followed approach in cognitive achievement of Snatch for beginner weightlifters. The researchers adopted the experimental approach by designing the equivalent groups (control and experimental) with pre and post- tests. The research population has identified the first stage students / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kerbala for the academic year (2019-2020), and their number (80) are divided into four classes (D- A - B - C). The researchers concluded that the two research groups (control and experimental) had achieved improvement in the study variables (cognitive achievement, technical performance) due to snatch, but with different proportions. In light of the results of the current curriculum, the study recommended emphasizing the use of the educational curriculum of the TRAGEST model because of its importance in giving some pleasure and the desire to learn any scientific subject and this is what the researcher touched during the experiment

The aim of the research is to prepare exercises for the multi-height balance device in some motor abilities and to learn the basic skills on the balance beam in the technical gymnasium for students, and to identify the effect of exercises for using the multi-height balance device by learning the basic skills on the balance beam in the technical beauty of the students, as well as the effect of special exercises Using a multi-height balance device in some motor abilities. The research assumed the existence of statistically significant differences using exercises for the multi-altitude balance device for some motor abilities. There are also statistically significant differences using exercises for the multi-height balance device in learning basic skills. The researchers used the experimental approach with one group and the two pre and post tests. As for the research sample, it was deliberately chosen because the sample enjoys a kind of balance as well as the use of devices and assistive tools used in the research, the two exploratory experiments and the scientific basis for the tests. The results of his findings were presented in the pre and post performance evaluation tests and to find the significance of the differences in the existence of statistically significant differences using exercises for the multi-height balance device in some motor abilities and learning basic skills on the balance beam of the technical gymnastics for students.

The study aimed to identify the reality of the person’s tool skills, biomechanical abilities, and emotional features, and to prepare the emotional characteristics scale for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the universities (Karbala - Babylon - Kufa), and to know the quantitative assessment of the performance of the person’s skills in terms of the studied indicators, as well as the physical classification of students according to the method Hirata for physical patterns and to know the differences between them in the studied indicators. The researchers used the descriptive approach with survey method and correlational and predictive studies. The research sample consisted of third stage female students of the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences (Karbala - Babylon- Kufa) university. The most important conclusions that have been reached are the distinction of female students of the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the universities of (Karbala, Babylon, and Kufa) with a physical pattern, which is the muscular pattern. Variables of skill, biomechanical abilities and emotional traits. As for the recommendations, attention was given to the biomechanical capabilities of female students in the colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences because of their high rates of participation in the skillful aspect, and the need to choose female students in the Faculties of Physical Education and Sports Sciences who are distinguished by a physical (muscular) pattern in the colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.

The aim of the research is to investigate the effect of similar exercises to play with different iterations in developing some functional variables and the speed of response of futsal players. The assumption of the research was that there is a positive effect of similar exercises to play with different iterations in the development of some functional variables and the speed of response for futsal players, and the researchers used the experimental approach with two equal groups, and the researchers identified the research community as players in Karbala Futsal Clubs and chose the sample randomly (drawing lots). Al-Ghadria Sports Club, numbering (10) players, were divided into two experimental groups, and the most important conclusions were that exercises similar to playing with different repetitions had a positive effect on developing respiratory rate, glucose and response speed of futsal players

The aim of the research was to prepare special exercises on both sides of service court in developing the accuracy of the front ground strikes for tennis players, while the most important research hypothesis was that there is a positive effect of special exercises on both sides of service court in developing the accuracy of the front ground strikes for tennis players The researcher used the experimental approach pre and post-tests for its suitability to the nature of the problem on its own. The sample was six players representing the Iraqi National Youth Team in Tennis, and one of the most important conclusions is the effectiveness of special exercises in developing the accuracy of the service court in developing the accuracy of the front ground strikes for tennis players, while the most important recommendations were the necessity of adopting the principle of progressive progression with the intensity of the training load

The study aims to identify the effectiveness of development courses in improving the educational performance competencies of physical education teachers in Karbala Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach in an evaluation method. The research population included a group of physical education teachers of the center of Karbala governorate (60) teachers, so that the research sample was (25) teachers randomly selected and who underwent a development course that was set up by the Directorate of Training and Training in Education in Karbala Governorate, noting that these were their service ranging Between (10-12) years and their ages (30-35) years. The researchers concluded that the development courses had a positive impact through the diversity of information and other applied aspects, which encouraged teachers to follow up and actively participate in the training lesson, which contributed to the improvement of their educational performance competencies. The researchers recommended the necessity of working to involve physical education teachers in continuous development courses for the purpose of assisting them in performance and improvement of their levels in a manner consistent with the achievement of the educational goals set

The aim of the research is to look at the reality of the physical education lesson in primary schools in terms of devices, tools, and ground playas allocated to it, and to identify the extent of cooperation of school principals and parents of pupils for the success of the physical education lesson, as well as to identify the views of physical education teachers on how they see fit to implement the physical education lesson Effectively, and to identify the proposals of physical education teachers to overcome the reasons that prevent the achievement of the objectives of the physical education lesson. Use the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the problem. The researchers identified their research community from physical education teachers in elementary schools for boys in the holy Karbala. The researchers concluded that most primary schools in the holy city of Karbala do not have the necessary playgrounds, equipment and means to achieve the physical education lesson. In light of the conclusions, the researchers recommend the following: School administrations should pay attention to physical education lessons when setting the weekly schedule, providing some sports tools and devices through which physical education lessons can be better implemented

The aim of the current research is to prepare special exercises according to the strategy of educational pillars in learning serving and receiving skills of volleyball for sixth grade students, and to identify the extent of the impact of this strategy in learning serving and receiving skills of volleyball among sixth grade students. The researchers assumed that the educational pillars strategy had a positive effect in learning serving and receiving skills of volleyball for sixth grade students. The researchers used the experimental approach with the (two equivalent groups design) with pre and post- tests, and homogeneity and equivalence were made for the individuals of the research sample. The researchers concluded that the educational pillars strategy helped positively to raise the level of skill performance of the serving and receiving skills, and there are significant differences between the two research groups and in favor of the experimental group in developing the performance and accuracy of the serving and receiving skills of volleyball for students

The aim of the research is to prepare specialized rehabilitative exercises in the rehabilitation of ankle injury for young basketball players, and to identify the effect of specialized rehabilitation exercises on the rehabilitation of the ankle injury and the development of the shooting performance of stability for young basketball players. The researchers developed a hypothesis that specialized rehabilitation exercises accompanied by a Cry Therapy) device had a positive effect on rehabilitating the ankle injury of the basketball players. The researchers identified the research population with the specialized basketball school players in Karbala governorate with sprained ankles, which represent (5) injured players. after diagnosing the injury, its severity and the medical history from the specialist doctor in the doctor's office and physiotherapy. Finally, the researchers drew up a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: There is effectiveness in using the (Cry Therapy) device and specialized rehabilitation exercises that improved the range of motion of the ankle joint and reduced the degree of pain among the injured players. A positive effect was found between the pre and post- tests in favor of the post test of the ankle joint angles as a result of the use of the (Cry Therapy) device and specialized rehabilitation exercises. A positive effect was found between the pre and post -tests and for the post test of the strength of the ankle muscles, as well as the muscles surrounding the ankle joint, as a result of using specialized rehabilitative exercises.

The study aimed to determine the levels of administrative efficiency and psychological flow of heads of sub-federations (fencing - volleyball), and to identify the managerial competence of heads of federations (fencing - volleyball) in terms of psychological flow from the viewpoint of members of sub-federations. The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey method and correlational ) to suit the nature of the research. The research population was identified with the heads and members of the sub-federations in Iraq with the two games (fencing and volleyball), which is (72) individuals, and they constitute (100)% of the original population, distributed over (18) volleyball governorates and (6) of fencing governorates. After extracting the results of the study, the researchers concluded that there is a relative discrepancy in the standard levels between the heads of the sub-federations (fencing and volleyball) in Iraq in administrative efficiency and psychological flow, and the heads of sub-federations (fencing and volleyball) in Iraq enjoy a medium to high level in administrative efficiency and psychological flow. The psychological flow has a very high correlation directly with administrative efficiency and contributes significantly to the level of administrative competence of heads of sub-federations (fencing and volleyball) in Iraq.