AL-Anbar University journal of Economic and Administration Sciences

The Iraqi economy suffers from the general budget deficit in the recent years under discussion, due to the rise in public expenditures, especially military ones, in order to confront terrorist organizations, as the budget deficit is financed by selling government securities, which led to a rise in the volume of the internal public debt in Iraq. That is, the increase in the volume of the internal public debt is working to influence the financial and monetary economic variables. Proceeding from the great importance of the financial and monetary effects of the internal public debt, the research aims to: Analyze the evolution of the volume and structure of the internal public debt in Iraq and to show the financial and monetary effects of the internal public debt in Iraq. The research concluded that the increase in the internal public debt, especially since (2014), is not necessarily a negative indicator or a completely

Technological development has become an important role in society, and according to this development, digital currencies appeared in 2008 to be one of the modern means of payment that began to take a current role instead of traditional currencies, which made the issue of discussing the location of these currencies and their impact on financial stability a must, especially And digital currencies have become part of the monetary mass that is traded globally, and in light of these developments and the freedom to issue decentralized digital currencies that are not subject to the authority of central banks, these currencies are likely to have wide-ranging effects on the global economy in general and on financial stability In particular. Because of the overlap of some concepts to define these currencies, it was necessary to distinguish between their types, as these currencies are among the recent calamities that have not been studied extensively by researchers. The descriptive and analytical approach has been adopted to determine the effects of these currencies on financial stability. Among the most prominent results that have been reached is that the historical development of money does not mean that the current monetary system is a successful system, but are methods that adapt to what suits the requirements of the present and the future, and issued digital currencies can be Among the central banks are the currencies that will maintain the position of the monetary authority represented by the central banks, and that there are negative and positive effects on economic variables in general and on financial stability in particular due to the use of digital currencies.

The process of evaluating the efficiency of economic performance is one of the priorities that fall on the shoulders of institutions in the public and private sectors and follow it up during varying periods of time in order to detect the obstacles facing these economic institutions and try to develop solutions to them in a timely manner. The problems and obstacles facing his administration, and the development of some solutions and proposals that contribute to overcoming some of the problems it faces, and we assume that the low performance of the plant is caused by the high volume of costs compared to revenues, the decrease in domestic demand and the difficulty of exporting it to foreign markets. The results of applying the criteria for evaluating the efficiency of economic performance indicate that it has achieved an added value during the study period, and its highest value was in 2019, in addition to achieving a high social surplus during the mentioned period. The idle energies, which decreased during the year (2018) by about (55)%, due to the restrictions imposed on the quantities produced as a result of the decrease in demand and its limitation to some state institutions. Therefore, a program for planning and managing production must be followed with effective steps in order to increase production and productivity and raise production capacity.

The research aims to identify the level of availability of adaptive leadership in the hospitals of the Medical City Department of the research community, as well as to diagnose whether adaptive leadership in the surveyed hospitals affects the capabilities of human resources, and five dimensions of adaptive leadership have been adopted represented by (the ability to adapt, work with a spirit The team, the adoption of ethical behavior, openness and change, motivation and motivation) as for human resources capabilities, five dimensions were adopted (knowledge acquisition, training, continuous learning, communication, participation in decision-making) all of which were adopted after conducting a field survey in the sample community and the agreement Both academic and professional experts depend on those dimensions. The current research relies on the descriptive analytical approach based on the questionnaire as a survey tool for data and information related to the research variables, their dimensions and their paragraphs, after the data were collected from (158) of the sample population for a community that includes (380) doctors specializing in the Board of Surgery and Survey Their opinions, the primary data were analyzed through descriptive and analytical statistics (percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Simple and multiple linear regression analysis. In order to process the data collected by the researcher by the research sample, the statistical analysis program (AMOS V.25) and the program (SPSS V28) were relied on. The research has reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the Department of Medicine City and its affiliated hospitals are interested in the ability to adapt, so they have proceeded to adapt to environmental changes and meet the needs of society in a way that guarantees them to provide the best services on a continuous and effective basis. It also aims to improve its ability to adapt to changes in the environment and the needs of society, and to create new work departments, in a way that ensures the provision of the best health services and their continuity in an effective manner.

The research seeks to identify the practices of green human resources management and their availability in the company under research by focusing on four basic practices, namely green recruitment, green evaluation, green training and development, and finally green compensation and rewards. These activities are indicators to measure the extent of their application in the company under research generally. A questionnaire was designed to include variables related to each of these activities. The number of questionnaire that was distributed to the respondents was (30). The data was analyzed using the statistical software package (SPSS. V18). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the availability of green human resources management practices in the researched field, but in varying proportions. Based on these conclusions, a set of proposals were presented that are consistent with the results of the research, the most important of which is the need for the factoy under study to determine the recruitment and employment procedures adopted within the laboratory and in line with environmental standards specified by the investigated manufacturer.

Prepare Environmental issues are closely related to humans, and these topics have occupied a large part of the opinions and studies of researchers and writers as they are related to sustainable development, and many institutions, including service ones, have worked to reduce the environmental impact by removing solid waste from green spaces and turning them into recreational areas. It helps to achieve the welfare of the citizen, as It seeks The current research to study and analyze environmental performance standards according to environmental performance indicators and its variables in the Samawah Municipality Directorate, The research relied on the case study method for these indicators and through data analysis for the Parks and Gardens Division through the adoption of environmental indicators prepared By the United States Agency for Development (USAID) within the strategic plan to improve the service reality in service institutions SDIP . The data was analyzed to determine the level and size of the gap between actual performance and standard performance. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that environmental performance indicators are part of the service provision process in service institutions and have great importance in improving the environmental situation in the city of Samawah, In addition to inviting the researcher to develop new indicators for the Division of parks and gardens to simplify and facilitate the use in the measurement of environmental indicators and improve the environmental index of And the value of the environmental improvement index of the Samawah municipality was 0.01%, and the green areas index got 47.88%, and the green spaces index got 49.73% , As for the most important recommendations of the study, it referred to the call of government institutions to pay attention to measuring the environmental reality of the areas in which the service is provided, increasing the green spaces that achieve psychological safety and well-being for the citizen, adopting international environmental standards and trying to organize them according to the variables of the case study site and seeking to develop new indicators for the Parks and Parks Division to simplify.

The research problem emerged in a study of research variables related to the relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological marketing, especially in light of the high competitiveness among Iraqi telecommunications companies, as companies should adopt modern strategic and marketing orientations in doing business in the telecommunications sector and in light of the intensity of competition, companies that realize the size of Competition and the nature of the business environment to achieve emotional intelligence and psychological marketing in their markets to influence customers and obtain the largest market share compared to competitors. Therefore, business organizations have gone to rely on modern marketing approaches and applications to carry out their work and influence the emotions and feelings of customers in the shadow of an unstable environment, This research aims to test the relationship of the impact of emotional intelligence with its dimensions (self-awareness, empathy, communication, emotional management, social relations) in psychological marketing with its dimensions (stimulus, perception, attitudes, decision-making, persuasion), As the telecommunications companies were selected as a research community, represented by (Zain Iraq, Asiacell, Korek), The number of the research community reached 139 managers at the upper and middle management levels, The questionnaire, which consisted of 46 items, was distributed to the research sample, which amounted to 49 directors, represented by heads of departments and officials of people and units in the form of an intentional sample. The researchers used statistical tests to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, in addition to analyzing the data using the statistical program (spss.v26) to test the research hypotheses, As a set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the interest of telecommunications companies in employing emotional intelligence to enhance psychological marketing, and it was a good interest, This indicates that managers of telecommunications companies have good emotional intelligence that enables them to direct to gain customer satisfaction and understand customer needs in different circumstances. The researchers presented a set of recommendations based on the conclusions, The most important of which is the need for telecommunications companies to continue to pay more attention to managers with emotional intelligence because of their impact on the application of all psychological marketing variables, by feeling their emotions, providing material and moral incentives, and raising their skill level, which positively affects companies, and attention must be increased to self-awareness for its workers by providing a job environment characterized by accept points of view.

The study aimed to identify the availability of the conditions of the leadership contract, represented by the leadership, the leadership, the commitment, the leadership is a hard work, and the leadership is an entire society, in administrative leaders at Tikrit University, and the descriptive analytical approach used to present theoretical and conceptual ideas, data processing and interpretation, and identified the field of study in colleges Tikrit University, and the research community represents (1042) individuals,
A non -random sample (intention) was chosen from them (259) individuals from the teaching angel from the title of the title (Professor, Assistant Professor), The questionnaire was distributed electronically, the main tool of the study, to recover (259) questionnaires, and the hypotheses of the study were tested using a number of statistical means, including these methods (arithmetic medium, standard deviation, variation cofficient, confirmatory factor analysis), Based on the PROGRAM (SPSS) and the AMOS package, and in light of this, several results have been reached, most notably the commitment of the leaders at Tikrit University to the terms of the leadership contract, which they have a high commitment to achieve the goals of the university and society and meet the burdens of the leadership role, The study concluded with a number of recommendations, most notably that more attention should be paid to clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the leader to the candidates for the leadership position through seminars and panel discussions that contribute to clarifying the commitments required of leaders towards all stakeholders, and the need to balance their interests.

The study aimed to find out the extent of job adulation behavior in the research community and its impact on the career path of a sample at the University of Mosul.. The sample included (17) college deans out of a total of (24) deans and (70) department heads out of a total of (150) (as supervisors). To achieve the goal of the research, a number of measures were reviewed in other studies and two questionnaires were prepared, one for deans and another for heads of departments. In light of that, Information collection and analysis using the SPSS statistical package for social sciences , and many statistical methods were used to achieve the aim of the study, including percentages, means, correlation coefficient, and regression analysis. After the analysis of the study data and test its hypotheses, a number of results were reached, the most important of which is a statistically significant effect of job ingratiation behavior by its for dimension on career path with its eight components subject of the study, and that the strongest effect of ingratiation behavior was in obtaining a higher performance evaluation than others. And that the most practiced of ingratiation behavior by subordinates is to enhance the position of the supervisor and opinions conformity. The study recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Supervisors must understand and identify the exciting behaviors of their subordinates so that they have the ability to deal with all subordinates in a more equitable manner, and the need to adopt the principle of functional merit in a more realistic way in all issues related to organizational behavior, and not accept the influence behaviors that some subordinates use it to influence their decisions, especially those related to career path.

The research aims to measure the level of impact of training techniques on strategic capabilities, and to determine their role in strategic capabilities in the researched organization through theoretical and conceptual framing first, and to test the effect between research variables secondly, and accordingly three main hypotheses were put forward, and the research problem represented by raising several questions that emerged from what it faced Organizations today, especially service organizations, and the need for strategic capabilities in order to face challenges. These fundamental questions lie in (what the organization suffers from in the weakness in exercising capabilities in human resources, especially after the adoption of the early retirement law and the lack of interest in developing and training human resources, and for the importance of this topic, the research shows The importance of training techniques in organizations, especially in strategic capabilities and in the organization (the research sample) and for the purpose of achieving the goal of the research and to answer the questions of the problem, the research was applied to a sample of (160) individuals consisting of department managers, division managers and unit officials, and the questionnaire was adopted as a basic tool in Data collection as well as personal interviews, adoption of the descriptive analytical approach and the use of a number of statistical methods to analyze data and obtain results C such as frequencies, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation coefficient and simple regression analysis, as the data were statistically processed using the spss program) and an impact statement between the research variables, and the researcher reached a number of results, including the effect of training techniques on strategic capabilities, and through The results show that the organization possesses high cultural capabilities and entrepreneurial capabilities that affect the strategic capabilities of the department, and accordingly the department can use the interaction of training techniques to influence the strategic capabilities of the researched organization and create, present and acquire value, and the most prominent hypothesis in the research is the impact of training techniques on the strategic capabilities of the organization.

The current research sought to diagnose the reality of the core competencies of human resources in a sample of private colleges, by conducting a comparative study between them, which amounted to 10 private colleges distributed in 5 governorates. The problem of the study was an attempt to diagnose the reality of the core competencies of human resources by indicating the level of their availability in the colleges investigated. The descriptive analytical method was employed using a questionnaire consisting of 38 items as a basic tool for collecting data from the research sample, which consisted of (deans - deans' assistants - heads of departments), and their number was 128 officials. Appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the data, using the statistical program (SPSS,26). Based on the statistical analysis of the data, it became clear that the level of human resources’ possession of the core competencies in private colleges is highly available and there are no significant differences among private colleges with regard to the enjoyment of their human resources with core competencies, and accordingly, the researchers made a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of Enhance attention to the core capabilities of human resources.

The research aims to diagnose the extent of enhancing the dimensions of health service quality in the Ministry of health by relying on strategic ambidexterity, if tested using the results of a field survey of a sample of(179) managers in the Department of planning and Resource Development and the field of strategic planning and Total Quality Management in the Ministry of Health , and, The exploratory-analytical methodology was used as a scientific method of research.
In order to excel in quality of service , the Health Organization must develop the level of quality of Health Service in line with the concept of strategic ambidexterity, which is seen as the ability of the organization to address exploration and Investment simultaneously, which reflects the awareness of the beneficiaries of the dimensions of quality of health service (reliability, responsiveness, safety, empathy and tangibility) and to meet or exceed the expectations of the beneficiaries of the level of quality of Health Service.

The study aimed to identify the governance of universities and its impact on achieving organizational distinction at the University of Sana’a. The study used a questionnaire to collect primary information from the study sample, which was represented by academic and administrative leaders in (10) faculties at Sana’a University with different ranks (Dean, Vice Dean, Head of Department, General Secretary of College , and general director). The total number was (80). The comprehensive survey of the study sample and the descriptive analytical approach were used to collect, analyze and interpret the data.
The study concluded that there is a statistically significant impact of the dimensions of university governance collectively and individually (strategic orientation, administrative direction, participation, accountability, independence, transparency, and integrity) in achieving organizational distinction at Sana’a University.
The order of the dimensions of university governance in terms of relative importance is as follows: The strategic orientation dimension ranked first in terms of the degree of approval, and on the other hand, it is found that after participation in decision-making has finally resolved in terms of the percentage of approval on the impact of governance dimensions on the organizational distinction of Sana’a University.

The aim of the research is to test the effect of strategic awareness as an independent variable in organizational improvisation as a dependent variable. innovation, adaptation, opportunity, awareness of risks) based on ready-made metrics. The Iraqi Ministry of Finance was chosen as the research community, and the intended sample was represented by the middle departments (the director of the department, the division official) in the ministry. The hypotheses were tested through a questionnaire supported by interviews prepared for this purpose, and (92) questionnaires were distributed for the purpose of statistical analysis, and (( 84) A valid questionnaire for statistical analysis, that is, with a recovery rate of (91.76%), and the problem of the study was to identify the extent of the need for strategic awareness in practicing organizational improvisation through its mentioned dimensions, and it was formulated in the form of questions mentioned in the study problem. In order to process the data collected by the researcher by the research sample, the statistical analysis program (AMOS V25) and the SPSS V25 program were relied upon. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the ministry pays relative attention to strategic awareness because of its focus on daily business as a result of the total correspondence received by the ministry from all the joints of state agencies.

This research pays attention on limiting the impact of functional involvement process in developing the culture of organizational distinguishing within Iraqi constitutions. In attempt to reach this level, it must depend on the dimensions of the functional involvement represented by sharing data, authority sharing and awards) and the dimensions of organizational distinguishing represented by (leadership, workers, policy, strategy, relations and resources). It has chosen Al-Risafa Third Public Directorate, one of the offices of the Ministry of Education as a field of research where the researcher used the random sample in choosing the research sample. It has been distributed (95) application form questionnaire in the targeted directorate where (89) application forms have been returned while (6) have been refused. It has been used the correlation coefficient (Spearman) and test (t) to show the relationship among the variables besides using test (f) to limit regression equation. It has been also used (R2) to explain the amount of independent variable impact on the dependent variable. The most important results that research reaches to are: there are correlation relation and significant impact among the research variables. The most important recommendations of the research are the importance of directorate work of sample research in supporting the research activities and development through exposing the creative ideas to its employees to make specialty to the end outcomes and the necessity of development done by the targeted directorate to its employees and developing the skills and abilities of its human resources in general and the intensive care of the young groups in particular and giving them the opportunities to develop their abilities especially in the rare specializations.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between green human resource management practices as an independent variable and entrepreneurial performance as a responsive variable. A set of questions about the basic research problem has been consolidated, including what role green human resource management practices play in achieving leadership performance and what benefits result from activating green practices on leadership performance within the faculties of the University of Baghdad. The research hypothesis was developed for this purpose in order to determine the impact of green human resource management practices on entrepreneurial performance. Field research was used and applied to a sample of deans, assistant deans, and heads of departments in the faculties of the University of Baghdad to achieve the research hypothesis test. A variety of statistical methods were used to process the data, including sample description and simple linear regression to test the validity of the effect hypothesis. Statistical analysis software was used to examine the data. The findings indicate that the impact relationship between green human resource management practices and entrepreneurial performance is positive and significant. In terms of administration, the findings demonstrated that green human resource practices play an important and effective role in achieving distinguished and pioneering performance

The research aims to determine the impact of marketing capabilities represented by (skills, knowledge, resources) on the market share. In light of the changing environment in which it operates and thus adapting to the changes that may occur, the market share is also of great importance in the expansion of the work of (Zain Iraq Telecom), as well as achieving profitability and retaining existing customers and working to acquire new customers, and the research problem indicated that The extent to which the company’s management perceives the importance of marketing capabilities and what are the marketing capabilities available to it .

This study aims to develop a lean, waste-free manufacturing system using the value flow map, which is one of the important tools to get rid of waste and add value to its products in a way that enhances its ability to meet the expectations and needs of its customers by presenting a future value flow map through which it is conducted. Eliminate the weaknesses that companies suffer from. This research aims to define the basic concepts used in Lean manufacturing systems, as well as using the concept of value flow map to identify losses in a local industrial company, and determine the impact of its use in order to direct attention towards activities that do not add value and work to identify them Remove or reduce them whenever possible.
The research depends on the case study approach, being the most appropriate approach to reach its goals, which depends on realistic and comprehensive analysis, and a sample of the products of the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries (split air conditioner 2 tons) was chosen.
Accordingly, the research problem can be summarized, which the researcher was able to diagnose during field coexistence within (the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries / Ministerial, especially within the split air conditioners factory (2 tons) and through a series of meetings with administrators and technicians in the company above by asking the question which (Does the General Company for Industries adopt? Electrical and electronics, a special future map for the split air conditioners factory (2 tons)?
And based on what was raised by the question, the objectives of the research were determined as follows (preparing a future map within the General Company for Electrical and Electronic Industries in the split air conditioners factory (2 tons). By supporting creative ideas in them, and providing them with material and moral support in return for the great impact these innovations play in finding solutions to many of the problems facing the company.

The research dealt with the issue of pioneering orientation as an entrance to raise the value of the customer. The research attempted to provide a clear conception in its theoretical aspect and clear answers in the field regarding its dimensions and the significance of its variables, as the research adopted in its field context after the pioneering orientation as an independent dimension represented by (creativity, proactiveness, risk tolerance). The research aims to identify the extent to which the surveyed organizations perceive the concept of entrepreneurial orientation and its variables, as well as its role in raising the value of the customer for the surveyed organizations, so the two researchers chose some productive food organizations in the city of Mosul as a sample for research.
The research adopted the questionnaire as a main tool for collecting data and information on the field side, and the two researchers distributed (42) forms to the managers of the researched productive food organizations, and (38) valid forms for analysis were retrieved, and the research variables were described and diagnosed, and the correlation and impact relationships for the research variables were clarified.
The primary data was analyzed using the statistical package for applications of social sciences (SPSS) and the following statistical methods were used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, multiple simple correlation coefficient, simple and multiple regression).
The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that, through the results of the description and diagnosis, it was found that the management of the surveyed organizations should be very careful when making decisions in cases of uncertainty.
Consistent with the content of the conclusions, the research reached a number of proposals, the most important of which is that the surveyed organizations should enhance the creativity variable, especially with regard to the organization's management focus on providing distinguished products in the market.

The current research aims to diagnose the elements of the business model in the Light Industries Company / Ashtar, those elements that enable companies to pay attention to them to achieve the high quality of the products they provide to customers. The current research tries to rely on a specific model, which is the business model as a model whose elements have been tested in many marketing studies productivity and others because of its basic elements used by many business companies, namely (the value proposition to the customer, basic operations, basic resources, and the method of profit collection in the company).
The research raises the question: How can the elements of the business model work to increase the competitiveness of the organization? The current research relied on structural equation modeling as a statistical method in hypothesis testing, and ready-made programs (SPSS V26, AMOS 24) were used to infer percentages, frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviations, coefficient of variation and response rates, in addition to studying correlation and impact relationships and testing statistical hypotheses between The variables under study, and two types of measurement tools were used, including content analysis using the records of the researched company, as well as the design of a questionnaire that was distributed to managers throughout the company to determine their attitudes towards the elements of the business model, as (250) questionnaires were distributed among workers from the upper, middle and supervisory management In the company .
The research reached the most important result, which is that the basic operations dimension is one of the most saturated dimensions, with a response rate of 86.17%, which indicates that the company uses techniques aimed at reducing waste and damage rates. And less saturated after is the value proposition, and the response rate reached 76.47%, which indicates that the researched company, which represents the Iraqi industry in the field of durable goods, is capable of improvement and development in the design of the final product.

The research aims to determine the extent of the possibility of benefiting from difficult individuals in overcoming organizational crises in a number of faculties of the University of Mosul. Descriptive and analytical to answer the research questions and test its hypotheses through a set of statistical methods such as arithmetic means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficient, simple and multiple linear regression coefficient, The researchers reached a set of results, the most prominent of which was the existence of a significant correlation between the dimensions of difficult individuals and organizational crises at the overall level.

The purpose of the research is to test the impact of the use of COBIT decisions on the efficiency of “accounting information systems” for public shareholding industrial companies, as accounting information systems have become the main engine and infrastructure for contemporary management and the basis that feeds the departments with the information on which the decision is based. To highlight the importance of the efficiency of accounting information systems for the sample surveyed, and in its theoretical framework, the study relied on the inductive approach. SPSS.v.27) in analyzing the research data, and the research reached several important results, perhaps the most prominent of which is the existence of a correlation and impact of the use of COBIT decisions on the efficiency of accounting information systems for public shareholding industrial companies, and accordingly the research came out with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to expand disclosure and transparency as a result of the effective application of governance principles to meet the needs of users and decision makers.

This study aims to examine the impact of contemporary accounting knowledge and contemporary accounting skills and accounting curriculum development on the requirements of the labor market in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom has endeavored to develop its university programs, despite the important role that Saudi accounting education plays to meet the requirements of the labor market, there is a gap between them. The study uses the quantitative research method. The study data was collected from (242) respondents using a questionnaire and was analyzed using the Smart-PLS statistical program. The results showed a significant impact of knowledge, skills, and curriculum development on Saudi labor market. The results revealed that all hypotheses were accepted. The importance of the results of this study is that it confirmed the impact of developing accounting curricula and contemporary accounting knowledge and skills to meet the requirements of the Saudi labor market. This study recommended universities to take care of education variables in general, and contemporary accounting knowledge, skills, development of accounting curricula in particular. Specifically, development of accounting curricula should be included information technology and multiple accounting systems in a way that keeping up with the developments and requirements of the labor market. It could be done by developing study plans and holding conferences and workshops for accounting departments with all relevant parties. In addition, the international education standards could be use as guidelines, it also recommended working for establishing partnerships between universities and the Saudi Organization for Chartered and Professional Accountants (SOCPA) on the one hand, and the business sector on the other hand. It concluded that, the situation is very complex, and we need to get a clear picture and gain a deeper understanding of the role the educational dimensions play in the labor market to reduce this gap.

The Corona crisis affected various sectors around the world, and the education sector was one of the most affected sectors due to the continuous closures. Therefore, international universities have transformed to electronic work within different managements and the students' learning process. So, the study comes to focus on the electronic leadership impact on organizational innovation in Iraqi universities during Corona pandemic. The study aimed at the following: To identify the reality of electronic leadership in, to clarify the status of organizational innovation, and to clarify the role of electronic leadership in improving organizational innovation in Iraqi universities during the Corona pandemic period.

The descriptive analytical approach was used in the study, questionnaire design and distribution of 180 questionnaires at various administrative levels in (University of Baghdad, University of Mosul, Mansoura University College in Baghdad, University College of Iraq in Basra Governorate), in addition to data entry and analysis by two programs. SPSS and SMARTPL programs..

The study reached the following results: There is a direct positive impact of the electronic infrastructure on the development of the organizational structure in Iraqi universities during the crisis of Corona virus pandemic. There is a direct positive impact of electronic performance on the electronic development of human resources during that period. There is a direct positive impact of electronic infrastructure on the electronic development of human resources. There is a direct positive impact of electronic infrastructure on the development of the organizational structure during the quarantine period. There is no direct positive impact of electronic performance on the development of information technology during the pandemic.

The study objective : to achieve the following: Identifying the concept of big data. Clarifying the degree of availability and types of big data on social networks. Measuring the impact of the availability of big data in social networks on investing in digital currencies in Iraq.
Methodology and design: The descriptive analytical method was used in the study, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the study sample, data was entered and analyzed by SPSS and SMARPLS program and hypotheses were tested.
Result: The study has reached to a set of results: The big data available through social media networks affects the investment choice for the study sample interested in digital currencies, although the data type is characterized by disorganization and lack of reliability in many cases. The speed of transfer of changes in the value of digital currencies and the expected profits contributed to motivating many of those interested in investing to enter the actual investment in digital currencies in Iraq. There is statistically significant effect between big data in social media and investing in crypto-currencies according to the study sample.
Recommendation:Work on following up on more than one means of social communication and taking information from credible people in gatherings, and making sure of it as much as possible. Relying on reliable sources and websites in obtaining investment data and future expectations for the value of digital currencies and not being satisfied with data on social networking sites.

The study objective : to achieve the following: Identifying the concept of big data. Clarifying the degree of availability and types of big data on social networks. Measuring the impact of the availability of big data in social networks on investing in digital currencies in Iraq.
Methodology and design: The descriptive analytical method was used in the study, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the study sample, data was entered and analyzed by SPSS and SMARPLS program and hypotheses were tested.
Result: The study has reached to a set of results: The big data available through social media networks affects the investment choice for the study sample interested in digital currencies, although the data type is characterized by disorganization and lack of reliability in many cases. The speed of transfer of changes in the value of digital currencies and the expected profits contributed to motivating many of those interested in investing to enter the actual investment in digital currencies in Iraq. There is statistically significant effect between big data in social media and investing in crypto-currencies according to the study sample.
Recommendation:Work on following up on more than one means of social communication and taking information from credible people in gatherings, and making sure of it as much as possible. Relying on reliable sources and websites in obtaining investment data and future expectations for the value of digital currencies and not being satisfied with data on social networking sites.

Nowadays, organizations continue to grow larger and larger, not only in the number of employees, but in the number of departments and the type of employees. In such cases, cloud-based information systems are beneficial to organizations through their superior informational capabilities compared to traditional information systems, however, there are few academic studies that have dealt with the two systems together, and focus only on the technical aspects, and the determinants that affect the adoption of systems cloud management information is not checked from the user's perspective. In this study, we attempt to investigate the determinants of Cloud-MIS adoption by considering the framework of current state bias theory as a basis “for giving guidance to cloud service providers on how to design their products in order to increase adoption and use”. The study sample was represented by the employees working in the Technical Engineering College Mosul‎, sample size (100) employees and the data were analyzed using SMART PLS. “The results showed that perceived risk was the most important factor regarding behavioral adoption determinants of Cloud-MIS use, followed by regret avoidance and inertia. Ultimately, this study recommends to researchers that the models used to measure adoption determinants can be combined to further explore the factors that have an impact on a cloud-based management information system”.