Sport culture

The study aims to:
1- Codification of simultaneous training for the qualities of maximum speed and general longevity for young football players.
2- Recognizing the effect of the simultaneous method of maximum speed and general longevity on the aerobic and anaerobic abilities under study for young football players.
3- Identifying the rate of development in the aerobic and anaerobic capacities of young football players.
The researchers used the experimental method in a one-group method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem, and the research community was identified, they are the young football players in Erbil Governorate for the football season (2020-2021), and their number is 144, and the research sample consisted of (10) players representing the proportion of (6 ,94%) of the research community, the experimental design with pre and post- tests was used, and the independent variables in the research were the following (exercises maximum speed and general endurance), and the dependent variables were (aerobic and anaerobic abilities of young football players), and the data were processed Which were reached by relying on the statistical bag (SPSS) depending on the statistical means: (arithmetic mean, mode, standard deviation, skew coefficient, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), T test for related samples, T test for independent samples, ratio evolution, percentage).
The researchers found:
1- The simultaneous method achieved a positive development in the aerobic and anaerobic capacities under study.
2- The research sample had the desire and excitement to perform the exercises used during the training units.

The study aimed to:
- Recognizing the effect of competitive exercises in the style of educational stations in learning the skill performance of the skill of rolling in futsal football.
- Identifying the differences in the post-tests between the experimental and control groups.
The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and adopted this method by designing the experimental and equal control groups on second-grade intermediate students at Tariq An-Najah Private School for Boys in Salah al-Din Governorate / Tikrit, for the academic year 2021-2022, whose number is (24) students, who were chosen deliberately. Dividing them into two equal groups by random method representing (60%) of the research community, where the researchers prepared and designed competitive exercises according to educational stations.
The researchers reached the following most important conclusions:
- Competitive exercises in the style of educational stations have an effective and positive impact on learning the skillful performance of the skill of rolling in futsal football.
- The suitability of the competitive exercises used for the ages of the research sample contributed to their application correctly and appropriately, which greatly helped in the process of learning the skill performance of the skill of rolling in futsal football.
- Following the scientific method in developing the vocabulary of the educational curriculum and repeating the exercises and grading them from easy to difficult have a significant positive impact on the learning process.

Football is one of the games that are characterized by the diversity of performance through the diversity of skills used in it throughout the time of the match , As well as the the players continuos need for physical characteristics, the researcher used complex exercieses using three balls of different weights in order to influence some physical characteristics of junior football players , and here lies the importance of the research. The research sample is represented by the players of the the jalawla sport academyin football , junior category who participated in the governorate championship for the season 2020-2021 , whose number is (24) players, The researcher arranged the players in gescending order according to three experimental grops through mating, with (8) players for each group , after that by drawing lots the three experimental groups were determined,The research concluded that the complex exercises led to development of the physical characteristics of the members of the three experimental groups , and the researcher came up with proposals for the research topic.

Research objectives centered around
- Detecting the effect of compound physical exercises supported by the ball in the Sakyo style in (short performance endurance) for female futsal players.
- And the detection of the differences between the two post-tests of the control and experimental groups in (short performance endurance) for the female futsal players.
To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers assumed:
- There are statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal and remote tests for the two experimental and control groups in (short performance endurance) for the female futsal players.
- There are statistically significant differences between the results of the post-tests of the control and experimental groups in (short performance endurance) for the female futsal players.
The researchers used the experimental method with two groups (experimental and control) for its relevance and the nature of the research, as the research community was identified, represented by the players of the Kirkuk football education team for the futsal for the academic year (2021_2022), where they were chosen in a deliberate way, and they numbered (16) players, and the research sample was chosen by the method The randomness, which consisted of (10) players, representing a percentage of (62.5%) of the research community, and thus they were divided into two control and experimental groups with (5) players for each group.
The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The use of compound physical exercises supported by the ball in the Sakyo style has a positive effect on the research variable for female futsal players.
- And that the repetition of the compound physical exercises supported by the ball of a combined nature between the physical and the skill and in the style of the Sakyo and similar to the conditions of competition and the method of high-intensity interval training showed a positive effect in the research variable for the female futsal players.

The aim of the research is to identify the significance of the differences between the results of the pre and post tests of the two experimental research groups of pragmatists and theorists in the development of social intelligence among students. There are significant differences in the results of the two post-tests of the two research groups. The research sample was represented by a group of third-year students for the year 2021/2022. The researchers used the experimental research approach due to its suitability to the research problem and its objectives. The results reached by the researchers were presented, analyzed and discussed, which showed the superiority of post-tests over pre-tests, which indicates the achievement of the research hypothesis. The researchers concluded that there is a positive effect of pragmatists and theorists in improving some football skills for students. This is done using the competitive learning method.

The study aimed to: Preparing balance exercises supported by the ball with auxiliary tools. with the head. There are statistically significant differences from the experimental sections. The research community was represented by youth football league clubs in Kirkuk Governorate Football teams, and the two researchers chose the same research by the intentional method from the players of the Hawija Sports Club for youth football for the 2021/2022 sports season participating in the governorate league, which numbered (24) players representing (15.686%) of the original research community of (153) players, the researcher concluded The balance exercises with auxiliary tools prepared by the researcher are suitable for the stage of special preparation. The balance exercises supported by the ball with auxiliary tools prepared by the researcher had an impact on developing the skill (head-butting the ball). The researcher recommended: In light of the conclusions reached by the research. The researcher recommends the following: Emphasizing the use of ball-supported balance exercises with assistive tools in developing the skill (head-butting the ball) for young players with a ball foot. I needed to apply balance exercises with auxiliary tools in th
e other categories (young men _ and women - and futsal.

The objective of the research is to learn about the professional problems faced by sports education teachers and teachers in the General Directorate of Salahuddin Education, use the descriptive methodology by analytical method, applied the research to a sample of its number (100) Teacher for the school year 2020-2021, use the measure of professional problems from (25) Paragraph. The study found that the developmental courses are non-specialized, lack of possibilities and allocations for sports in schools and encroachment on sports-specific lessons. In light of the findings, the researcher found the most important problems faced by sports education teachers and teachers related to human potential, material and curriculum and suggested some solutions to address them.

The study aims to:
- Identifying the amount of electrical activity of the muscles and the strength index for the left side during the first stage of performing the snatch lift for the Iraqi national team weightlifters.
The researcher hypothesizes that:
- There are statistically significant differences in the values of electrical activity and the resulting force on both sides of the body during the stages of performing the snatch lift for the Iraqi national team female weightlifters.
- There are statistically significant differences between the values of the function of force and time and the values of the electrical activity of the muscles of both sides of the body during the stages of performing the snatching lift for the female weightlifters of the Iraqi national team.
- There are statistically significant differences between the biomechanical variables and the electrical activity on both sides of the body and during the stages of performing the snatch lift for the female weightlifters of the Iraqi national team.
The research sample is selected from three weight categories (53, 63,69 kg) with one weightlifter for each weight category. Five attempts are recorded for each weightlifter, and thus the number of observations became (15), and the sample represents 37.5% of the original population. For this purpose, the researcher has chosen the sample using the intentional method, as they are steady in training and easy to be studied.
The researcher has conducted the exploratory experiment on Thursday, 4/Feb./2021 in the Erbil Sports Club’s weightlifting hall at three in the afternoon. The researcher conducted the main experiment on 6/Feb./2021 at exactly 11 am in the sports hall of the club Erbil Sports and the experiment ended at 2:30 pm.
The results are statistically processed using the SPSS statistical package.
- The presence of a relative height of the hip among the research sample members during the weight-grabbing phase, and this constitutes a great burden on the back area.
The production of force and electrical activity of the muscle groups under study were at their highest values during the first stage of the snatch lift.
The most important recommendations:
- The trainer should pay attention to training the working and antagonistic muscles on both sides of the body because of their great role in improving performance.
- Conducting similar studies on the stages of performance to raise the nitrate.

The research aims to: identify some physical (anthropometric) measurements of the runners (400) meters hurdles for women, the numerical level of the runners, and the relationship between some measurements (anthropometrics) and the achievement of running (400) meters hurdles for women in the clubs of Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
Among the procedures of the study, the two researchers used the descriptive approach in order to suit the nature of the problem, which will suit the requirements of the research. Then the researchers selected the research sample from the original community represented by runners who ran 400 m hurdles in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate Athletics Clubs, who numbered (8) players, and (6) of them were chosen. Randomly by lottery, thus representing (75%) of the original population.
Then the two researchers applied and made the measurements related to the research sample by one day, and with regard to the physical measurements, all measurements were recorded on the forms for it by the researchers on the same day as the achievement test. Reliance was made on the results obtained by the research sample members during the achievement test, running the 400m hurdles and finally, the researchers used the SPSS system to process the data according to the statistical methods and tables in the study, and then discussed it.
Among the most important conclusions of the study are: the emergence of a significant correlation between the physical measurements (body length, shoulder width and leg length) under study and the completion of the 400m hurdles sprint, and the emergence of a non-significant correlation between the measurement (trunk length) under study and the completion of the 400m hurdles sprint.
In light of the conclusions, the researchers recommend:
The need to conduct physical measurements periodically to identify the selection of the appropriate players for the type of event and to work on selecting players with appropriate physical measurements for each activity of the arena and field, especially the events of hurdles, and the need to conduct research and other studies dealing with research variables other physical measurements for all athletics activities.

The current research aims to know the reality of the classroom leadership skills of physical education teachers in secondary schools from the point of view of school principals of the Karkh Education Directorate-3. The two researchers identified a research community of secondary school principals in the Baghdad Governorate Directorate (Al-Karkh / 3), where the researcher relied on the research community as a whole with a percentage of (100%), as the research community consisted of (124) secondary school principals distributed over the Baghdad Education Directorate Al-Karkh / 3 for the academic season 2022-2023The sample was divided into samples of the need to educate the teacher of physical education to motivate students properly by encouraging them continuously. He recommended that the teacher of physical education should give students the opportunity to listen to their ideas and suggestions. The need for a teacher of physical education to have a clear strategic style and concept in explaining the subject matter. The need for the teacher of physical education to take into account the individual differences between students during the lesson

The research included, and the importance, of the leadership styles as the behavior in the leadership affects the workers has an active role in the success of work performance and reaching the goals that pertain to the sports institution and professional compatibility is a continuous moving process carried out by individuals to achieve adaptation and harmony between him and the professional environment in which he works research was to identify leadership styles and professional compatibility of workers in sports activities. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and the relationships for the research. The main experiment was conducted using the two scales used in the experiment to find out the combustion Leadership styles and professional compatibility of workers in sports activities and reaching conclusions after conducting the main experiment of the research. Leadership styles had an impact on workers in student sports activities at the university.
The clear interaction between leadership styles and professional compatibility of workers, and the recommendations were to establish courses to familiarize workers with university sports activities with leadership methods and professional compatibility

The research aims to identify the differences by comparing some tests representing the arms and legs for each of the explosive strength capabilities and the speed strength of some team sports, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample included young team sports players in Nineveh Governorate for the sports season (2022) of (60) players distributed over clubs (Mosul Football Club, Al-Fatwa Handball Club, Nineveh Workers Basketball Club, Nineveh Volleyball Club), and the data was recorded and processed statistically.
The research concludes many findings, the most important of which are : The specificity of motor performance had a clear impact on the superiority of handball players in the ability of the explosive strength of the arms over the rest of the sports (football, basketball, volleyball). Several recommendations were reached, the most important of which are : Emphasis on the development of muscular strengths in training programs commensurate with the type of skill performance of the sports event.

The research aims to:
1- Identify psychological adjustment, academic motivation and future anxiety of physical education and sport sciences female students at Salahaddin University / Erbil.
2- Identify the relation between psychological adjustment, academic motivation and future anxiety of female students at college of physical education and sport sciences – Salahaddin University / Erbil.
The researchers used the descriptive correlational method, the scales of (psychological adjustment, academic motivation and future anxiety) were used. The sample consisted of (139) male and female students in four academic grades.
Conclusions:
1- There is significant difference between mean and hypothetical average of all the scales in advantage of means of female students of all grades at college of physical education and sport sciences – Salahaddin University / Erbil.
2- The results show nonsignificant relation between psychological adjustment and academic motivation scales of physical education and sport sciences –female students in Salahaddin University / Erbil.
Recommendations:
1- Taking advantage of (psychological adjustment, academic motivation and future anxiety) scales for conducting further studies.
2- Reducing future anxiety level of female students throughout lectures and workshops that takes place at colleges.

The importance of the study lies in the use of the cooperative integration strategy (Jigsaw), which aims to "make the student the focus of the educational process instead of the teacher who led the educational process", there is an emphasis on the need to diversify learning methods to meet the different conditions in different educational situations, so we find that each method and strategy has rules and advantages that make it appropriate in a specific educational situation and inappropriate in another educational situation, so it is difficult to determine one method that is better than other methods and strategies. Therefore, the researcher noticed the lack of using modern strategies on students, in addition to the need to introduce various methods and strategies to achieve the best results and add excitement and suspense to middle school students to get away from boredom and routine inherent to them. Therefore, the researcher decided to go into an experiment to introduce one of the modern strategies, which is the strategy of cooperative integration (Jigsaw), to see the extent of its impact on learning the skill of receiving volleyball and enhancing self-confidence for middle school students. The researcher used the experimental method with two groups, the control and the experimental, with a pre and post-test, and the research sample was middle school students, and by presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, he found that there is an effect of the strategy in developing the research variables between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group.

Reaching the highest levels is one of the important matters that requires knowledge of the variables that contribute to mastering the skill of shooting in its high style, and knowing the precise details of them and their causes will contribute in a significant and effective way to the performance with an economy and a better accuracy index, and among these variables is the electrical activity of the most important muscles working in performance and an accuracy index. Correction, the aim of the study was to reveal (the relationship between the electrical activity of the most important muscles working with the accuracy index to shoot from the forward jump for handball players). The research community, which numbered (3) players, where each player was given three attempts for each method. The researcher used each of the electrical activity variables for the most important muscles working during the performance of shooting using the EMG system. Eight muscles were identified, distributed to the upper and lower ends of the body, and the maximum study was done. Electrical activity of the muscle.
The researcher reached the following conclusions:
‒ The levels of the electrical signal to the muscle vary during the performance stages according to the requirements and nature of the stage.
‒ No increase in the level of electrical activity of the working muscles under study was recorded for all cases of the increase in muscle mass and the accompanying increase in the level of strength, and this appeared in the correction stage of some working muscles.
The researcher recommended the necessity of using the EMG device to know the electrical activity of the working muscles for each skill of handball, and its use of the muscles as one of the most important means in determining the areas of strength and weakness of handball players. Hand.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of maximum physical exercises on the level of some mineral salts, lung functions, and the skillful performance of advanced volleyball players. Breathing and conditioning in inhalation and exhalation that help the player perform correctly without fatigue during the effort in the competition, Was selected (12) players were selected from the main formation of the team and those who continue training and participate in the tournaments. The sample was divided randomly (lottery) into two groups, control and experimental. Thus, the number of each group became (6) players, It was concluded: that maximum physical exercises achieved advanced results at the level of some mineral salts, lung function, and skillful performance of advanced volleyball players, Accordingly, it was recommended to adopt maximum physical exercises because it achieved advanced results in the level of some mineral salts, lung functions, and the skillful performance of advanced volleyball players

Sports training is the invisible element that achieves what the connoisseur of sports wants, and here the researchers used one of the sports training methods to include a newly used tool (Kettlebell) because of its advantages and was included mainly in compound exercises To address the observed weakness of some Iraqi volleyball club players, which is considered as a major problem when comparing the level of Iraqi teams with Arab or international teams, and the research objective is to prepare compound exercises with a tool (Kettlebell) to develop the explosive power and accuracy of the skill of overwhelming hitting in volleyball And also to identify the effect of compound exercises using (Kettlebell) in developing explosive power, as well as identifying the effect of compound exercises using (Kettlebell) in developing the accuracy of the skill of crushing hitting in volleyball The researchers also assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and post test for the control and experimental research groups in the development of explosive power and the accuracy of performance of the skill of crushing hitting in volleyball, as well as the presence of statistically significant differences between the results of the post tests for the control and experimental research groups In tests of explosive power and accuracy of performance of the skill of crushing hitting in volleyball, the researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the problem The research community was determined for the advanced clubs of Salah al-Din Governorate for volleyball, which numbered (115) players for the 2022 season , As for the research sample, it was chosen in a deliberate way, and it consisted of (15) players, with a percentage of (13.043%) from the original population The research variables were also measured using physical and skill tests, and the researchers conducted a field experiment for the period from (27/2/2022) to (21/4/2022). The results of the study revealed that the application of compound exercises using (Kettlebell) It helps advanced volleyball players to improve the explosive power and the accuracy of performing the crushing skill, and they excel in improving it among their peers who train without it.

The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey and hierarchical method as a method of study for its occasion and the nature of this study and its objectives, and the research community included (785) players and the construction sample consisted (471) players chosen intentionally and they represent (60%) of the basic research sample, and the sample of the application consists of (314) players and represents (40%) of the research community distributed to each of the following sports clubs (Al-fatwa sports club, Mosul sports club, Future sports club, Nineveh sports club, Martyr Eyed sheet sports club, Nineveh workers sports club) for the sports season (2021-2022) depending on the type of game and players category for sports clubs in Mosul city center.
And the researcher used the statistical method in order to reach the objectives of the current study, and also the researcher used the statistical bag (SPSS) which is represented by the following: (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (pearson), cronbach's alpha equation, t-test, one way analysis variance, LSD test, hypothetical mean).
The most important conclusions reached by the researcher:
- The players of some clubs in Mosul have a positive level on the psychological resilience.
- There are statistical differences of moral significance between the average responses of the players of some sports clubs in Mosul city center according to the measure of psychological resilience according to the variable (type of game) and for the benefit of (group games).
- There are statistical differences of moral significance between the average responses of the players of some sports clubs in Mosul city center according to the measure of psychological resilience according to the variable (players category) and for the benefit of (the applicants).

The importance of the research came in setting exercises to rehabilitate the partial rupture of the tendon of the long fibular muscle using rubber bands. In this aspect, and to identify the effect of the proposed exercises using rubber bands and body weight for patients with partial rupture of the tendon of the long fibula muscle in terms of the range of motion and the degree of pain, the researchers used the experimental approach in the manner of one experimental group with two pre and post tests in order to suit the nature of the research., The research sample was selected. For a number of players with partial rupture of the tendon of the long fibular muscle from the auditors of the Rehabilitation Center for Physiotherapy and Joint Diseases in Baquba Teaching Hospital and a number of clinics for joint diseases and fractures, and their number was (6) players from various games, and the field research procedures included conducting experiments and tests that included a measurement test Degree of pain Measuring the degree of pain using visual symmetry Measuring the angles (range of motion) of the ankle joint in four directions (dorsal flexion, plantar flexion, inversion, and eversion outward) on Sunday, 1/29/2023, and the end of the exercises on Tuesday, corresponding to 3/7/2023, and the total was (18) units and a time of (35-40) minutes for each rehabilitation unit. The results that were reached were concluded that the rehabilitation exercises using rubber bands and body weight have a positive effect in rehabilitating the partial rupture of the tendon of the long fibular muscle, developing the range of motion and reducing the level of pain. The researchers recommend the need to use rehabilitative exercises using rubber bands because of its positive effect in rehabilitating muscular injuries to the muscles of the body.

The experiences of success and failure in the field of sports are among the important motives that have a very important impact on the sports level and at different levels in sports races to achieve victory and to achieve the best results. The experiences of success and failure result from multiple psychological processes that affect the entire personality of the athlete, so the problem of the current research is determined during the researchers’ experience in this game, many tennis players are exposed to psychological problems that may affect their level of performance and during sports competitions. These problems may be due to lack of awareness and attention to the experiences of success and failure. For this reason, the researchers try to know the values of these variables, and to reach the appropriate solution through a study of the experiences of success and failure among tennis players in the Kurdistan region - Iraq, the research community was determined from the tennis players, which numbered (140) players. ) players, while the number of the application sample amounted to (34) players, and the exploratory sample amounted to (4) players, as shown in table.

The aim of this study is to identify the level of the functional efficiency index and the maximum oxygen consumption of the players of different team games.. As for the research sample، it included the players of the category of applicants، Halabja Al-Shaheed Sports Club، who numbered (33) players، and the researcher used the descriptive method for the study. The researcher reached the most important conclusions: There are significant significant differences between football، basketball and volleyball players in (absolute) and (relative) functional efficiency and in favor of football players and in the distance of basketball. As well as the presence of significant differences between football، basketball and volleyball players in the maximum absolute and relative oxygen consumption، in favor of basketball players and several soccer players. In the light of the achieved results، the researcher recommended: The need to pay attention to training programs to develop functional efficiency and the maximum oxygen consumption in the form of one level in terms of (duration-repetition-intensity) in exercises for all players of the positions of the different lines of play without exception. And the need to conduct periodic functional tests for sports to identify the level of competency of the functional devices and to focus on the most important strengths and weaknesses in the results of some indicators. Conducting and applying more similar studies on different age groups to assess their level and evaluate their training programs.

The aim of the research is to build a measure of risk-taking behavior among female teachers at the University of Sulaymaniyah and to identify the values of risk-taking behavior in the building sample. The researchers used the descriptive approach using a survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. Percentage, (Ca2), relative importance, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, (T) test, Pearson's simple correlation coefficient), and the researchers concluded:
- The risk behavior scale was built.
- The research sample possesses risky behavior with an above average degree.
The quality of reconciliation appeared as the assumed normal distribution.
The two researchers recommended:
Attention to the psychological aspect in general and to this variable in particular.
- Conducting research and similar studies on two teachers.
- Conducting lectures at the university level to identify this variable and know how to deal with it..

Building and applying the cognitive flexibility measure of students of the Faculty and the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences and recognizing the relationship between cognitive flexibility and psychological happiness of students of the Faculty and the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Mosul University and the recognition of cognitive flexibility and psychological happiness of students of the Faculty and the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Mosul University. The two researchers used the descriptive methodology of the survey method to suit it, the nature and objectives of this study, the research community included college students and the departments of physical education and sports sciences at Mosul University (440) students, including the construction sample of (264) students, they were deliberately chosen from the basic search sample, They represent 60% percent, the application sample included 176 students, representing 40% percent of the research sample, as that ratio was represented by the research community, distributed to the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences -- College of Girls Education -- College of Basic Education -- and the two researchers used the following statistical means: ( The average arithmetic, Standard Deviation, Simple Connection Factor Pearson, Test T, Percentage, Surrender Average, Contrast Analysis, Alfa Kronbach equation) to reach the study goals.
After presenting the results and discussing them, the two researchers reached a series of conclusions, the most important of them are the following:
1. Students of the Faculty and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Mosul University have high levels on the basis of cognitive flexibility.
2. Students of the Faculty and the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of Mosul University have high levels on the scale of psychological happiness.
3. There is a statistical morale significance between cognitive flexibility and psychological happiness of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Departments of Mosul University.

Building a measure of distributed leadership among the heads of sports clubs from the authorities' point of view Admin
-Identifying the level of leadership distributed among the heads of sports clubs from the point of view of the administrative bodies
-The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the research community consisted of (1616) members of the administrative bodies present in (202) clubs throughout Iraq, (200) members were drawn to form the research sample in a random way, and the researcher built a scale of distributed leadership, and the researcher verified the sincerity and reliability The scale, the researcher applied the scale to the research sample and the results showed that club presidents enjoyed a high level of distributed leadership from the point of view of members of the administrative bodies.
The researchers reached the following results:
- The heads of sports clubs in the central and southern regions of Iraq have knowledge distributed driving.
- The arrangement of the level of leadership axes distributed to the heads of sports clubs from the point of view of the administrative bodies is as follows: (after planning, after decision-making, after leadership practices, after Shared responsibility, after seeing (the club)

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of an educational program according to the overlapping of scheduling a fixed and random variable exercise in learning some types of shooting in basketball. A random sample of students of the second stage in physical education school at Soran University was selected for the academic year (2021-2022). The number of (24) students was divided into two experimental groups, each group consisting of (12) students.
The researcher used the experimental method for its relevance to the nature of the research, and there was homogeneity between the two research groups in the variables (age - height - weight - and some influential physical and motor abilities) and parity in some types of shooting in basketball. The researcher used some statistical methods through the (SPSS) program such as (arithmetic mean - standard deviation - percentage - T-test for linked samples and T-test for unrelated samples) and the researcher reached the following conclusions:
1. The results showed that there is a positive effect of using the fixed random exercise scheduling overlap in learning the skills of (shooting from jumping, shooting peacefully) in basketball.
2. The results showed that there is a positive effect of using the random variable scheduling overlap in learning the skills of (jumping, peaceful shooting) in basketball.
3. The second experimental group that used the variable random exercise schedule overlap achieved better results than the first experimental group that used the fixed random exercise schedule overlap in skills (shooting from jumping, peaceful shooting)

The researcher has tried to present a practical analytical framework for the opinions of a selected sample of specialists in the field of sports, especially since crisis management requires technical and administrative skills that open windows of thinking for the senior management responsible for the sports movement in Iraq, the reality of the crisis of the sports movement in Iraq is multifaceted and its composition is shared by: Despite the efforts made to solve it over the past years, it was not within a long-term vision, which caused it to appear and renew from time to time, which negatively affected the industry of sports teams and champions and the waste of funds allocated to them, the research aimed to identify Sports crisis management strategies, the researcher had to prepare a measure for this purpose and – The researcher has tested the correlation and influence relationship between the axes of the scale as well as analyzing the reality of mathematical crises from the point of view of specialists in the mathematical field of research sample, and through this research, several theoretical and practical conclusions were reached, the most important of which were:-
1. There is a correlation and moral influence between the axes of the sports crises in Iraq.
2. The field research data indicated that the sports movement was greatly affected, and to a very large extent in the discussed axes (political crises – security crises – economic crises – administrative crises).
The researcher recommended the need to establish the Supreme Council for sports to take over the drawing of Sports Policy and coordination between the government and sports institutions to raise the level of sports movement in Iraq.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of job openness for workers in the general directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports from their point of view. The research fields consisted of the human domain: all workers in the directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, the temporal domain: 16/5/2021 - 6/7/2022, and the spatial domain: the directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The research community was identified through a comprehensive inventory of the whole community of workers in the directorates of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports for the ten directorates (300) workers, where the researcher determined a percentage (100%) of taking the research community as a whole (300) of workers and the most prominent recommendations were to encourage workers to transfer
The new, advanced and innovative ideas of the directors’ employees correctly and far from exaggeration. And work to develop the manager’s personality by including them in development and rehabilitation courses that help build the personality correctly. And work to encourage workers to improve their work by motivating them and giving them material and moral reward. And the need to strengthen functional relations between employees as well as between managers and workers in order to create a suitable job environment for workers within the directorate.

The study aimed to identify the simple and compound reaction and their relationship to the focus of attention of the players of the fencing foil The researcher hypothesized that there is a significant relationship between the simple and compound reaction and the focus of attention
The researcher used the descriptive survey method due to its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample included third-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, who numbered (185) male and female students, with (135) male (50) female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Mosul. For the academic year (2021-2022), as for the research sample, it consisted of (30) students, and the (6) students who were subjected to survey experiments were excluded from the male research community. After ensuring the validity, reliability and objectivity of the tests, the data obtained by the researcher were processed statistically using the bag Statistical (spss) (mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient). The researcher concluded that there is a significant relationship between the simple and the compound reaction and the concentration of attention of the fencing players in the sport of fencing. The researcher recommended the necessity of applying mental operations programs related to the motor action of the players of fencing and other weapons

The study aimed to:
- Identifying the percentage of the contribution of some biomechanical variables to the performance of the skill of shooting from jumping among the female students of some specialized schools in the province of Sulaymaniyah in basketball.
The researchers chose a community and a sample of the research in an intentional way from the young women of Aphrodite Sports Club School, Sulaymaniyah Sports Club School and Darbandikhan Sports Club Basketball School in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, and the Sports Dream School was excluded due to their inability to attend exercises due to health conditions (the spread of the Covid-19 virus). ) At that time, when the number of young women in Aphrodite Club School reached (10) players, in Sulaymaniyah Club School (12) players, and Darbandikhan Club School (12) players, the researcher chose two players for each of the five playing centers in basketball. centers so that the number of female players (10) for each specialized school becomes a sample that accurately represents the origin of the research community, which represents (88%) of the original community. (4) players were selected from Zima Sports Club to conduct the pilot experiment
The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
Reducing the total performance time leads to a kind of motor coordination, as increasing the time gives counterproductive results to the performance and its lack of fluidity.

The research aims to:
1- Identifying the extent of the impact of the enrichment program on learning and developing some motor skills for children with autism spectrum in the center of Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
2- Identifying the extent of the influence of the psychomotor program in learning and developing some motor skills for children with autism spectrum in the center of Sulaymaniyah Governorate.
The researchers used the experimental method for its relevance and the nature of the problem.
The researchers reached these conclusions:
1- Superiority was achieved in the development of motor skills (running 20 m, long jump from stability, throwing a tennis ball, throwing a rubber ball to the top and stopping it) for children with autism, when comparing the pre and post tests using the psycho-motor program.
Based on conclusions, the researchers recommended the following:
1- There should be coordination between the Ministry of Higher Education and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs to open workshops and courses for teachers of autistic children.
2- Using the psychomotor approach with autistic children who have severe autism.