Al Malweah for Archaeological and Historical studies

After the tensions between Turkey and Syria, which nearly reached the peak of war, especially after Turkish threats to launch a ground operation in Syrian airspace, these tensions and disputes between the two countries reached their peak due to the increasing activity of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), which was launching attacks on Turkey. Turkey attempted to persuade Syria to abandon and stop supporting the PKK. Turkey concluded an economic and technical agreement with Syria, pledging to increase Syria's share of the Euphrates River's waters in exchange for Syria's pledge to respond to Turkish demands related to security. Turkish-Syrian relations became strained after Turkey noticed Syria's procrastination in abandoning its support for the PKK. In return, Turkey also procrastinated and refused to implement the economic and technical agreement. Turkey's position became divided between three issues: water, security, and the Sanjak of Alexandretta. Tensions between the two sides escalated dramatically in the early 1990s, following Turkey's diversion of Euphrates water to fill the Ataturk Dam without Syria's knowledge. The two sides then attempted to resolve the tensions and concluded another agreement on April 17, 1992, which included a pledge by both sides to resolve the water and security issues. However, this agreement was not implemented, prompting Turkey to divert the water again, rekindling the crisis.
In September 1998, Turkey mobilized its forces to launch a ground offensive in Syria. Egypt then played a mediating role between the two sides, particularly as Egypt was disturbed by the Turkish-Israeli rapprochement. Therefore, Egypt mediated to distance Turkey from Syria. The mediation led to an agreement between the two sides in the Turkish city of Adana on October 20, 1998, to calm the situation and provide solutions to the problems between the two sides. The nature of the research required dividing it into three sections: The first section addressed Syrian-Turkish relations, the second section traced Syrian-Turkish relations from 1990 to 1998, and the third section addressed the 1998 Adana Agreement, Egypt's efforts in concluding it, and the agreement's provisions. The conclusion outlines the most important conclusions reached by the research.
I relied on various sources, primarily Arabic and translated books and academic research.