Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

This paper presents the results of radon level in drinking water in Erbil governorate and its districts. The measurements
were carried out on 42 samples (tap water) of 21 major areas, and alpha track detectors (type CR-39) were used for the
estimations. The average values for radon concentration of tap water were variable from the district to another, and it
was found to be (4.693±2.213 Bq/l) with a maximum of 9.61Bq/L in Hugran region and minimum of 2.01 Bq/L in HajiOmaran city. In addition, the average annual effective doses, and equilibrium factor between radon and its daughter
were measured in each area and it was found to be (11.546±8.566 µSv/Yr) and (0.204±0.06) respectively. On the other
hand, this paper presents an evaluation of the inhalation and ingestion doses from exposure to radon and also the
contribution of radon concentration in drinking water to indoor radon concentration was estimated. When the results
were compared with the internationally recommended reference levels (U.S Environmental Protection Agency limit
11.1 Bq/l), there were no indications of existence of radon problems in the water sources in this survey. therefore the
drinking water in Erbil governorate is safe as far as radon concentration is concerned

The Attribute-Oriented Induction (AOI) technique is one of the data mining techniques used to analyzing database. It is
designed to address unique AOI problems that cannot be solved by other data analysis tools.
An AOI is used to analysis the data to generalize the attributes according to two thresholds which determine the depth
of rolling-up or rolling-down. The end result is some of attributes that succeeds in generalizing by passing the
thresholds test, each one of them raises one value that represents the phenomenon in that database which is mined. But
AOI ask the user to determine analysis dimensions, it is non trivial for users to determine which dimensions should be
included in the analysis of class characteristics. Data relations often contain 50 to 100 attributes, and a user may have
little knowledge regarding which attributes should be selected, so these problems have huge search space compatible
with genetic algorithm search to determine the relevant attributes, since genetic algorithm need to fitness function so we
use association rule for that.

In this study, the saponin compounds were isolated from Tribulus terrestris (Fruit), and to determine the inhibitory
effect of these compounds were investigated on the growth of some bacteria, which include: Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis, and used the
antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol) as control samples. The saponin compounds were further analyzed by IR
and identificated by thin layer chromatography (TLC plate). The saponin compounds showed significant inhibiting
effect on the all bacteria which was used in this study compared to commercial antibiotics as a control.

Jaundice refers to the yellow pigmentation of the skin or sclera by bilirubin, which is a result of elevated levels of
bilirubin in the blood stream. Clinical biochemistry laboratories often measure enzymes as part of a liver function test.
The present study was designed to elucidate the changes in the activities of transaminases(GPT&GOT) and ALP in
jaundiced patients. Serum transaminases and ALP were estimated by procedure described by kits. The results showed
that activities of transaminases GOT and GPT showed significant (p<0.01) increase in patients and it reached
34.8±3.265 U/L and 42.14±4.62 U/L respectively. ALP showed also significant (P<0.01) increase in serum of patients
and it reached 130.71±9.281 U/L. Significant difference in the activities of GOT between male and female patients and
this difference is very obvious in neonatal jaundice. It is concluded that there were significant changes in the activities
of GOT, GPT and ALP enzymes in jaundiced patients

In this paper the important Direct Current (DC) and Radio Frequency (RF) circuit element characteristics for Gallium
Arsenide Metal Semiconductor Field-effect Transistor (GaAs MESFET) are presented. The GaAs MESFET is
characterized in common source configuration by it's two-port S-parameters.
A computer program MESFETA is constructed and is developed to implement the above MESFET parameters and
demonstrate them in the form

This research included a study the effect of some ascorbic acid derivatives on acid and alkaline phosphatase activitities .
Blood samples have been taken from patients of different types of cancer after been diagnosis .The results revealed that
the derivatives have an activation effect on the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in all concentrations and the
activity percent increased as the concentrations of the derivatives were increased.

To study the histological changes of the testis as a result of a aging. Methods: thirty Sprague-Dawley rats aged from
one day to 18 months were grouped in to six groups(five per each), testis were removed after killing and sectioned to
study the changes. Results: At 3 and 6 months aged the testis shows a optimum maturation, changes strated at 12
months aged and represented in the figure of hypospermatogenesis,diminution in the thickness of the epithelium and
germ cell, desquamation, maturational arrest and changes in the blood vessels. Conclusion: hypospermatogenesis start
to apper at 12 months age in rat and reach to their peak at 24 months

Nine samples of water have been collected from different sites at AL-Haweja canal. The hydrochmical data of
dissolved solids show that these water are consists of fresh water ecosystem. The major cation and anion is Ca2+ and
HCO3
2-
respectively. The water in generals is Mg-Na-Ca-HCO3-Cl-SO4 .The dominant hydrochemical process in the
water of studied canal is chemical processing of recent sediment and dissolved mineral. Heavy metals pollution levels
were also noticed. These water samples contain high value of heavy metal ( Cd and Mn ) with respect to EPA 2000
standards probably due to chemical and anthropogenic activities.

The sedimentary rocks that existed within Walash volcano-sedimentary Group were studied in three areas:
Mawat, Kanaro and Dashti -Khan sections.The sedimentological and paleontological studies enable the
authers to recognized four sedimentary facies; two of them (W1, W2 microfacies contain planktonic
foraminiferal) indicated deep marine environment extended from outer self to bathyal, the third (W3
microfacies) is benthonic microfacies indicating lagoonal depositional environment, while the fourth (W4)
which is conglomerate lithofacies affiliated to shallow marine environment.These sedimentary facies
assigned deepening upward depositional environments, this phenomena detected that the depositional arc
basin was subducted and their shelf mobils downward with decreasing of sediment influxes during the
convergence of the arc land with the Iranian plate.The foraminiferal species existed within the carbonate
rocks of Walash Group assigned to Lutetian stage (Middle Eocene) with ranging 42.5-48 MY

The sedimentary rocks that existed within Walash volcano-sedimentary Group were studied in three areas:
Mawat, Kanaro and Dashti -Khan sections.The sedimentological and paleontological studies enable the
authers to recognized four sedimentary facies; two of them (W1, W2 microfacies contain planktonic
foraminiferal) indicated deep marine environment extended from outer self to bathyal, the third (W3
microfacies) is benthonic microfacies indicating lagoonal depositional environment, while the fourth (W4)
which is conglomerate lithofacies affiliated to shallow marine environment.These sedimentary facies
assigned deepening upward depositional environments, this phenomena detected that the depositional arc
basin was subducted and their shelf mobils downward with decreasing of sediment influxes during the
convergence of the arc land with the Iranian plate.The foraminiferal species existed within the carbonate
rocks of Walash Group assigned to Lutetian stage (Middle Eocene) with ranging 42.5-48 MY

Six Ostracode taxa belonging to the family Trachyleberididae were recorded for the first time from the Jaddala
Formation (M. Eocene) and the Serikagni Formation( Early Lower Miocene). From Sinjar anticline NW.Iraq,these are:-
Acathocythereis sinjarensis sp. nov., Paleocosta bensoni( 1). Paracosta (Paracosta} rogeri ( 2) ,Allocosta ninurta ( 3
),Trachyleberis?sp.,and Genus A ,the latter two taxa left under open name due to the lack of material and might
represent new Ostracoda species and genus respectively.

In this work it is shown that the Steiner system S (2, 4, 13) (the projective plane
PG(2, 3)
of order three) can be
constructed from the Steiner system S (5, 6, 12), by adding a new point to its twelve points.The third contraction of S
(5, 6, 12) with respect to the same triads defined in (Kakayee, 1990)
1 , 2 , 3 4
t t t and t
respectively yields four Steiner
systems S (2, 3, 9) (the affine plane
AG(2, 3)
of order three), denoted by
1 2 3 4
, ,
t t t t
A A A and A . In order to
construct the same projective plane
PG(2, 3)
(without any isomorphic forms in case of using Singers theorem)
considered in (Kakayee, 1990), the following procedure was used:-
i- (9) Blocks formed from the union of all blocks of
1 2 3 4
, ,
t t t t
A A A and A
that intersect in two points,
ii- (4) blocks formed from the union of all blocks of
1 2 3 4
, ,
t t t t
A A A and A
that intersect in three points
each with a new point

In the present study, the activation features of phosphoric acid have been investigated using asphalt as the raw material
in the production of granular activated carbon. The quality of the prepared carbon was tested by measuring its iodine
number and ability to adsorb methylene blue. The density, moisture content, hardness, effective size, and total ash
content were also evaluated. The obtained results were compared with a carbon of a commercial grade supplied by the
BDH chemical company. The comparison proved that the prepared carbon is of a good quality and comparable to the
commercial one

This work involved preparation of activated carbon from waste tires. The produced carbon from the primary
carbonization is activated by using excess amount of mineral hydroxides (LiOH, NaOH and KOH).
The quality of the prepared carbon was tested by measuring its iodine number and ability to adsorb the methylene blue.
The density and ash content of the prepared carbon were also evaluated.
The obtained results were compared with a carbon of a commercial grade supplied by the BDH chemical company. The
comparison proved that the prepared carbon is of a good quality and comparable to the commercial one.

In this investigation, sulfurized granular activated carbon of good quality was prepared from Beji asphalt by mixing
with about 15% by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The overall yield of granular activated carbon was
80% by weight of asphalt. The activated granules have a total surface area (air-Permeability) of 4605 cm2
/g, iodine
number of 965 mg/g, ash content of 5.3% maximum, hardness number of 99%, bulk density of 0.604 g/cm
3
, and a
volume activity of 582.9 mg/l. Such properties make the produced carbon suitable for waste water treatments and other
applications

The synthesis and characterization of heterobinuclear complexes of the general formula [MCl3(AmoxH)M`Cl2] (where
M = titanium (III), chromium (III) and iron (III); M` = zinc (II) and cadmium (II); AmoxH = amoxicilline) were
described. The prepared complexes were characterized by their metal and chloride analysis, molar conductances,
infrared and electronic spectra. The ligand exhibited penta-dentate manner, three sites were used to form with three
chloride ions the most probable octahedral geometry around the trivalent metal ions Ti(III), Cr(III) and Fe(III), while
the other two sites were used with another two chloride ions to form the most probable tetrahedral arrangement around
the divalent metal ions Zn(II) and Cd(II).

The new cobalt(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes with bis-(1,4-benzyl thio) butane and their adducts with
ethylene diamine and triphenyl phosphine in the coordination sphere were prepared. All the complexes and adducts
were characterized by IR, UV-vis. spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic measurements and some of them by metal
content. Electronic spectral data and magnetic measurements showed that the complexes have tetrahedral geometry with
the adduct have octahedral environments

Most of the drugs used in the treatment of leishmaniasis have side effects, there is a need for a safe and effective drugs,
therefore, in the present study heterocyclic compound containing pyrimidine ring ( 3,4-Dihydro-4-(p-anisyl)-6-phenyl
pyramidine-2-(1H)-one ) was synthesized, then tested for there antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica
promastigotes in vitro. The effect of the compound on the growth, generation number and generation time of the
parasite was determined using concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 µg/ml.
The effect of the compound concentration was found to be important to the parasite growth as the more the
concentration the less the growth, generation number and increased the generation time. At the log phase the IC50 and
IC90 were 2.5 and 10 µg/ml respectively and caused morphological distortions.
The toxicity of the synthesized compound was determined using Balb/c mice model. Dixon's up and down method (
1980 ) was found to have an LD50 of 642.5 mg / Kg of body weight.

Some propargyl esters (5a-g) were prepared from the reaction of propargyl alcohol (2) with the corresponding acid
chlorides (1a-g). Also some propargyl imides (6a-c) were prepared from the reaction of the corresponding imide sodium
salts (4a-c) with propargyl bromide (3). The two series of compounds (5a-g,6a-c) were allowed to undergo 1,3-
cycloaddition reaction with phenacyl azide (9) which intern prepared from the reaction of phenacyl bromide (7) and
sodium azide (8) to form the final substituted 1,2,3-triazoles (10a-j). The above synthesized compounds were
characterized by IR spectroscopy and are discussed.

In this study, the five dilutions of alcoholic and water extracts of Thea sinesis and Hibisus sabdoriffa were prepared
then the inhibitory effect of all extracts of the plants used in the study have also been studied on three of gram negative
bacteria isolated from diarrhea.
The conclusions have shown that the alcoholic extract from both plants has a higher effect in all microbes compound to
the water extract. The alcoholic and water extract of the Hibiscus sabdariffa has a higher inhibitory effect from that of
Thea sinesis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (M. I. C.) has also been identified in this study for the alcoholic
and aqueous extract of the plant related to the study. The identification of this concentration
was different according to the type of the extract and the microbe

Two sets of additive parameters used previously for the calculation of C-13 chemical shifts of mono and poly six
membered cycloalkanes are applied for the prediction of N-15 chemical shifts of some methyl piperidine derivatives.
These sets are based on two principles; The p-character (substituents electronic effect) of the atom under consideration
and the steric effect that reflect the spatial arrangement of the molecule. Additional parameter, namely the ring angle at
the studied atom, is added to the other parameters to define the structural distortion that due to large steric interactions.
The p-character in set (1) is represented by the number of carbon atoms of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
types at α-position to the nitrogen, while in set (2) is introduced as the partial electronic charge. The steric effect is
expressed in terms of the actual number of the interacting proton- proton and/or proton-lone pair in both sets. Quantum
mechanical and regression analysis methods are employed for this investigation.
The results showed that, both sets are good for prediction of N-15 chemical shifts. The parameters of set (2) are found
to be more consistent with the theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy, therefore, they are considered
for further studies. The study also included derivation of a common set of parameters for the calculation of C-13 and
N-15 chemical shifts of cyclic systems. The derived parameters are tested by the estimation of the chemical shifts of
other systems. Deviations are noticed only in positions that involved in large steric interactions

A clinical and bacteriological study for oral and dental health was carried out in Tikrit City during the year 2006 to
determine the main types of bacteria that caused dental caries in 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) ranging in age
from 13-70 years old. Among the 50 patients, 15 of them (30%) showed that the isolated pathogens were Streptococcus
sanguis, 11 of them (22%) showed Lactobacilli, 9 of them (18%) showesd Streptococcus mutans, 7 of them (14%)
showed Porphyromonas gingivalis, 6 of them (12%) showed Fusobacterium nucleatum, and 2 of them (4%) showed
Actinomyces, decay remains an important problem, chronic and irreversible process and requires prolonged treatment.

The effect of pitch size on the dispersion profile of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is studied. (7) PCFs of one ring, one
missing hole and hole diameter 0.4m are investigated under the effect of the pitch size. The variation range of the
pitches is (1.0 to 2.5)m.
This paper shows that PCFs of pitches 1.7, 2.0, 2.3, and 2.5m offer single mode operation from the visible to infrared
region and the dispersion profile tend to be near flattened over a range of wavelength (0.95 to 1.45) m. A blue shift in
zero dispersion wavelengths is obtained due to the variation of the pitches. Additionally the results show a large
decreasing in the confinement losses for the proposed PCF of =2.5m for fundamental mode. All the PCFs under study
show lower confinement losses at the communication wavelength of 0.8m, (Ti-Sapphire) laser compared with
communication wavelength of 1.5m.

This study was a prospective study which was done in Tikrit Teaching Hospital to compare the use of Bromocriptine
with Clomiphine Citrate and Chlomiphine alone in Normoprolactinemic anovulatory women with (PCOD). A total of
44 infertile Normoprolactinemic women, these women were divided into two group, each group of (22) women, the
first group was treated with Bromocriptine (2.5) mg twice per day and with Clomiphine Citrate (100) mg per day from
second to six day of cycle for three month duration, second group was treated with Clomiphine Citrate also the same
dose as mentioned above. After treatment regular mences resumed in 68.2 % for the first group and 50 % for the second
group, the pregnancy rate were 40% for the first group and 22.7 % for the second group. The final conclusions in this
study were that Clomiphine Citrate with Bromocriptine showed higher rate of regular resumption on mences and
pregnancy than Clomiphine alone.

Selective and sensitive titrimetric method has been developed for the determination of ascorbic acid via
Malaprade reaction and Leipert reaction. Ascorbic acid was oxidized by periodate (Malaprade reaction), excess
periodate was masked by molybdate at pH 3, then the produced iodate reacted with iodide in acidic medium to
produce iodine, which was titrated with standard sodium thiosulphate solution using starch as indicator
(amplification reaction). 50-500 µg of ascorbic acid (12 fold amplification ) was determined in aqueous solution,
recovery was between 97.45% and 102.67%, and RSD was less than 4%.
The method has been applied successfully to the analysis of pharmaceutical tablets. The results obtained were in
agreement with the certified values and also with the British pharmacopoeia method.

The search was conducted to study the possibility to use Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) in diagnosis
of Salmonella typhi that cause typhoid fever, then using ELISA evaluation of Widal Test which done in laboratories of
bacteriological analysis. The results showed differences in the ability of various antigens in sensitivity and detection of
Salmonella typhi antibodies, it was found that the higher sensitivity by using somatic antigen (O) and flagellar antigen
(H) and it was found that the positive results were increased when ELISA method used in comparison with Widal Test

Air pollution is one of the most dangerous types of environmental pollution due to it is dangerous effects on all living
beings especially plants through its effects on the process of respiration which is necessary for life. The burning of AlMishraq sulfate caused the ascending of large quantities of SO2 making a densed cloud of smog covered the sky of
Mosul.
The research included wide processes of investigation, a quick survey and collection of data and field observation. The
weather condition i.e. scope of vision, sun rise, total radiation etc. were recorded in order to know the effects and
environmental dangers and to estimate the degree of degradation and susceptibility of plants for the high concentration
of SO2 gas. Some representing locations were chosen and photographed with a digital camera so that pictures could be
shown on the computer screen which helped to use a (Adobe Photoshop ver. 7.0) program for the first time in these
studies to compare the values of basic colors : Red , Green and Blue (RGB) of healthy and infected leaves.
The results showed clear and varied differences in the degrees of resistance and susceptibility of different plants for the
effects and dangers of SO2 and plants degradation. It has also been found the trees of pear, quince and apples were the
most susceptible infected and degradation, while citrus were highly resistant. The results also emphasized the possibility
and ability to use the digital camera with the program in the calculations of RGB values in such studies in the future to
specify the changes in basic colors

this study has involved the antibacterial activity of different concentrations of extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.&
Tamarindus indica has been tested against five species of pathogenic bacteria including: Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus
vulgaris, Pseudomona, aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis by using agar diffusion technique comparing
with antibiotics. All bacteria showed response against extracts with different ratios. Klebsiella pneumonia showed
maximum response of all extracts then followed by the other kinds of bacteria. The ethanolic extract constituents of
both plants were isolated by using acid hydrolysis and ethylacetate. The identification of some active complexes
isolated from ethanolic fraction was carried out by using thin layer chromatography (T.L.C) technique. Some acids
isolated from ethanolic fraction like Malic acid and Tartaric acid were identified by using (T.L.C) technique by
comparing its rates of flow (Rf) with the value of reference tables. Inhibitory effect of these isolated acids upon the
germs were examined by using agar diffusion method. Moreover, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of
plant extracts under study and the isolated acids amounted between the (2.0-0.0625) mg/cm3
.

Planktonic foraminifera are studied from Aaliji and Jaddala Formations Ajeel well No. (10), North East Tikrit area, in
between the depth interval (1345–1196)m. Five biostratigraphic zones from oldest to yongest on outlined below:
1. Planorotalia pseudomenardii Zone (P4).
2. Morozovella velascoensis Zone (P5).
3. Morozovella subbotinae Zone (P6).
4. Morozovella aragonensis/ Morozovella f. formosa Zone (P8).
5. Acarinina bullbrooki Zone (P10).
The results of this study are compared with the work of others inside and outside Iraq. The age of Aaliji Fm. in the said
studied well is Late Paleocene to Early Eocene and that of Jaddala Fm. is Early to Middle Eocene

Throughout thise research, the best distance was determined to get a dose which corresponds to the maximum
permissible dose of exposure. The separate distance, between radiation source and the four walls of the X-ray room,
was calculated. Accordingly, It was show that the maximum values of the separate distance occurs between the main
wall (1) and radiation source with different distances. The occupation factor for this wall is T=0.0625. Then, becomes
the separate distance of the second wall (2) from the radiation source which has T=1 occupation factor. These distances
were increased according to the increase of the operation tube (I) and the real operation time when the beam directed
towards the patient (U). Thus, the fitting process was done to prove that these curves are represent functions which
submit to the inverse square law. The mathematical equation which describe these curves was determined. Finally,
walls thickness were determined in two cases: The first case refers to walls which built of lead. The second one refers to
walls which built of concrete. Using Concrete walls is better than the first type because lead walls contains a poisonous
proportion of lead which affect human being health and the environmen

An experiment was conducted college of Agriculture farms- University of Baghdad during the seasons of 1996 and
1997 on Cowpea plants using two levels of Rhizobia inoculation ( with and without inoculation ) and four levels of
foam sulfur application ( 0, 1000 , 2000 , 3000 Kg/ h ) . Results indicated that inoculation caused a significant
increases in nitrogen fixation and minetral contents of plants compared with non- inoculated plant for the two seasons .
Foam sulfur applications caused a significant increase in all characteristics except Mo-concentration which was
decreased for the two seasons . 2000 Kg/ha of foam sulfur applications soil has a higher nitrogenase enzyme activity
( 164.5 , 14.16 ) mg ethylene / L / plant / h and a higher N ( 2.407, 2.40% ) . K ( 3.32, 3.30 % ) concentration whereas
number 141.3, 159.5 nodul /2 plant and weight 1.45 , 1.55 gm / 2 plant and a higher concentration of P 0.370 , 0.376 %
, Fe 759.7 , 77.4 mg/Kg and Co 0.4. , 0.437 mg / Kg

This study has involved the isolation of staphylococci bacteria (coagulase positive) from different clinical human
sources of infections (blood, urine, pus, otitis, tonsils). These bacteria were diagnoized by using microscopic
examination and the biochemical tests.
Out of (119) isolates of staphylococci samples, (91) of them are related to S. aureus with percentage (76.5)% while the
percentage (23.5)% represented the coagulase negative bacteria.
These isolates of S. aureus was classified according to their resistance to the antibiotics (Ampicillin, Tetracycline,
Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Penicillin and Trimethoprium), as a result, there are five groups of
isolates showing variation in their resistance to the antibiotic understudy.
The two chemical materials are used to eliminate the antibiotics resistance of bacterial isolates understudy sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS) appear to have high effectiveness in curing the plasmid DNA (nearly 100%) for most antibiotics
then the dye acridine orange (A.O).
The isolates (2) of bacteria from (obtitis abscess) show efficient respond for elimination their antibiotic resistance by the
two chemical materials as it is compared with other isolates.
-lactam plasmid of the isolates bacteria appear to be more affected resistance in curing experiment

This research has been designed to study the effect of obesity on some liver functions , biochemical and blood
variables for adult ( males and females ) . The sample was 300 persons ranging in age from ( 20- 60 + 2) years ,
they have been classified into three weight groups depending on the BMI . The normal weight group 92 persons are
regarded as a control group for the two other groups , the over weight group 100 persons and the obese group 72
persons . 36 persons having chronic diseases were excluded , so the sample under study has become 264 persons
divided into 165 males and 99 females forming three age groups the first group 20-29 years , the second group 30 -
39 years and the third group is 40 years and above . The results of the study showed high level of alanin
aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes in the obese persons group compared with the
control group for males and females . As for the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme , no significant change
has been shown compared with the control group . The level of the three enzymes in the over weight and obese
groups showed significant increase compared with the control group as the persons get older . As for as the
biochemical variables are concerned , the results showed a significant blood glucose increase in the obese group
compared with the control group for males and females . As for the lipids , the results showed significant changes
in all levels of variable for the obese group , males and females compared with the control group except for the
cholesterol and HDL which did not show a significant change for females. The blood tests , in this study showed
that the total number of WBC had a significant change in the over weight and obese groups compared with the
control group . As for the hemoglobin , the results showed no significant quantity change in females , and for both
groups compared with the control group . It was suggested , through this study , that the ALT enzyme is the most
significant indicator in demonstrating liver diseases

The present study included the determination of the concentration of lead in some of their impact on some of
biochemcal parameter of (288) normal non smokers males and females. Living in 7 residential areas, working in 3
service areas, and 7 industrial areas located on both sides of Tigris river in Mosul city. (70) blood samples were taken
from males and females living in suburban areas (Talkaif and Wana) were used as a control. The sample were
differentiated according to age groups (less and equal 20 year , 21-35 year , 36-50 year and < 50 year).
The results indicated that accumulation of lead was higher in males blood than females living in the same residential
areas and at all age groups, a significant increase in the concentration of lead in all residential areas with increasing age
and the results showed that subjects of in the third residential areas including (Hay Al-Taeran, Hay AI-Dandan and AIDawasa) a significant increase in the concentration of lead in males blood at a mean level (38.4  0.91) g / 100 ml,
while it was (32.2  0.22) g/100 ml in females at age group (< 50) year compared with control. The results showed
that third services area (Babsinjar, Almustashf Q and K. Al-khayat Q) showed higher lead concentration (63.1  0.68)
g / 100 ml in blood at age group (< 50) year, then first services area (Bab Al-tob, Ninaveh street and K.lbnalwalid
street) and last the second services (Al-Kurnish street, Al-Maydan and Gazi street) at the same age group. And showed
an the third industrial area (Kaser Al-Mtran) was characterized increase lead in blood of worker in the same area at
mean (67.2  0.19) g/100 ml for (< 50) year group compared with control. And the results also showed increase lead
concentration in industrial areas with increasing age. And the result showed that workers in services area had the
highest level and accumulation of lead some and then followed by worker in industrial areas then living in residential
areas.
The present study indicated the effect of lead on some of biochemical parameter in blood serum ,The results also
showed a singnificant decrease in total protein concentration and a singnificant increase in the urea and cholesterol
concentration in blood serum of workers in industrial areas and then followed by workers in services area then in
residential areas.The results showed an increase in enzymes activity of Alanine aminotransferase“ALT” and Aspartate
aminotransferase “AST” as well as : residential areas < industrial areas < services areas. The highest precent increase in
enzymes activity was showed in services areas at age group (< 50) year at a percentage of (30%) and (22%) respectively
compared with the control at the same age group depending on the nature of work and exposure time and the distance
from service and industrial areas.

This research was conduted during 1999-2000 season on pear trees. cv . Muntakhab Al-Zafarani,Three levels of irou
( 0, 15, 30 mg/L ) and three levels of manganese ( 0,15,30 mg/L) and their mixture were applied as foliar spray .
Results indicated that spra ying of 30 mg / L of Fe or Mn were significantly increased nutrients concentration in the
leaves compared with control trees , Interaction between Fe and Mn was significant too . The Trees which were
sprayed with ( 30mg/L Fe + 30 mg/L Mn ) have ahighest elemental concentration (1.8% N, 0.160 % P, 1.64 % K ,
727.0 Mg/L Fe and 54.28 mg/L Mn ) Copmpared wit 1.007 % N , 0.103%P , 0.982 % K , 171.0 mg/L Fe , 45.33 mg/L
Nn in a control trees .

This research was conduted during 1999-2000 season on pear trees. cv . Muntakhab Al-Zafarani,Three levels of irou
( 0, 15, 30 mg/L ) and three levels of manganese ( 0,15,30 mg/L) and their mixture were applied as foliar spray .
Results indicated that spra ying of 30 mg / L of Fe or Mn were significantly increased nutrients concentration in the
leaves compared with control trees , Interaction between Fe and Mn was significant too . The Trees which were
sprayed with ( 30mg/L Fe + 30 mg/L Mn ) have ahighest elemental concentration (1.8% N, 0.160 % P, 1.64 % K ,
727.0 Mg/L Fe and 54.28 mg/L Mn ) Copmpared wit 1.007 % N , 0.103%P , 0.982 % K , 171.0 mg/L Fe , 45.33 mg/L
Nn in a control trees .

Primary productivity one of the most important ecological activities and measures values character to habitat active and
producers activity in fixation solar energy and produce food and oxygen, genus (Anabaena, Oscillatoria &
Chroococcus) produce (0.0416, 0.0347 and 0.0350)gram/m2
/day in lab condition. These values was lowing clearly with cadmium
ions (cadmium nitrate) concentrations (0.5-1-1.5)microgram/liter. Anabaena recorded high product values (0.0412, 0.0378 and
0.037)gram/m2
/day in all concentration (0.5-1-.5)microgram/liter recoding confidence difference (p=0.05) from Oscillatoria and
Chroococcus primary productivity, and monitoring negative correlations between cadmium concentrations and primary
productivity values (carbon produce -0.628,p=0.05; oxygen -0.627,p=0.05)

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide at concentrations of 1, 10 and 15% and
chlor at concentrations of 0.5 and 1% on the viability of protoscoleses of Echinocossus granulosus in vitro.
Protoscoleces were incubated at the above mentioned concentrations for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Physiological normal
saline alone used as a control group.
Results, revealed, a significant decrease in the viability of protoscoleces treated with different concentrations of
hydrogen peroxide and chlor at different periods. The decrease was proportional with the concentration and the period
of exposure. Best result was obtained at 15% hydrogen peroxide for 15 minutes as 99% of the protoscoleses were
damaged.
Histological sections revealed, great changes on protoscoleces treated with the above mentioned concentrations of
hydrogen peroxide and chlor, including destruction of tegument, rostellar disorganization, loss of hooks, compared with
the control group

In this paper, different chalcones were synthesized from anthracene and their derivatives using Clasine-Schmidet
reaction between 9,10-diacetyl anthracene and 2-pentanone, 3-bromoacetophenone and acetone and then react these
chalcones with hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazine to obtain new compounds which may have
biological activity in addition to its importance in the industry as pharmacy and paints. These compounds were
identified by physical and spectral methods

A spectrophotometric method is used for the evaluation of the stoichiometry of a yellow coloured azo dye complexes .
These complexes are formed by the reactions of donor molecules as 2,4 – dihydroxy benzaldehyde and its other imine
derivatives in forms of syn or anti oximes or Schiff bases with diazotized suphanilic acid as an electron acceptor.
A mole ratio method is used to investigate the stoichiometry of the azo dyes which are found to be of 1:1 types .Finally ,
it was concluded that stoichiometry of the azo dyes did not depend on the pH of the medium when it is acidic , neutral
and basic or at pH values 5.4 , 7.1 and 9.2 respectively , and on the chemical structures of imines under study

The present study is to compare the changes in air temperature in Kirkuk city for many decade to know the rate of this
change, because of the green-house effect which results from gases, smoke from oil industry and factories, because
Kirkuk is oil city. There are numeral factories in it there, which is specialized in oil production. The aim of this study is
to show the reality of the temperature changes in Kirkuk city.
The results of this study had shown that were obvious increases in the temperature degrees with the time, and this refers
to the effect of gases in this change of temperature degrees, also this change is obvious in summer month more than
other months because of lack of rain during summer month

This project aims to design a computerized system to recognize personal peoples pictures for security purposes by
applying Linear Associative Memory (LAM) neural network techniques .
First the picture will be segmented into 100 parts , then a standard Deviation (STD) will compute for every part . Then
the weights and output values will be stored in a text file to be used later in LAM identification . The Linear Associative
Memory network attained to (False Acceptance Rate = 0% - False Rejection Rate = 0%) .
The system is built using SCANER device , Pentium 4 with SVGA display adapter and sounds amplifier . The software
program handles images of type JPG format ; it programmed under MATLAB ver. 6.5 or 7

This study included (154) blood samples of patients hospitalized in Central Care unit – Tikrit Educational hospital
and (34) samples of subjects as a control. They were divided into three groups: Myocardial infraction (62) patients,
Angina pectoris (67) patients and Heart failure (25) patients.
The results demonstrated that their was an increase in CK activity in patients with MI (p < 0.01), while its activity
in Angina pectoris and Heart failure patients were normal. It was also found that an increase in LDH activity in the
three groups were recorded (p < 0.01). An increase of AST activity in MI patients were occurred (p < 0.01). On the
other hand there was no an increase activity of ALT had been recorded in all groups of patients of subjects.

The research aimed to prepare activated carbon from coconut shell. Preparation activated carbon involved:
Carbonization of coconut shell at 350 C for 3 hrs. .5
Impregnated carbonized coconut shell in ZnCl2 solution (10%) for 48 hrs. .0
Modified carbonized coconut shell by different ratio of asphalt at 350 C for 3 hrs. .0
The product samples was evaluated by measuring Iodine number, Methylene blue, density, ash content, .0
humidity content and mechanical resistance and compared with commercial one from BDH

This research include the histochemical study of Cestoda, Bothriocephalus achreilognathi in order to determine,
location and concentration of the proteins in different tissue and organs of above mentioned cestoda, by using,
Ninhydrine- Schiff, Mercurical Bromophenol blue and millone reagent techniques.
Histochemical sections revealed, great positive reaction on longitudinal muscles, vitelline glands, ova, ovary and cirrus
pouch, compared with other tissue and organs, which appear lesser degree of reaction with above mentioned technique.
From this study, we conclude that the variation occurs in protein content in different tissues and organs, show indicator
for the physiological and metabolic activity of this cestoda, represented by protection from digestive juice of the host,
absorption of nutrient and other activities, which involve survival and continuance of parasite

This study concerned on the measurement of tissue cysts diameter of Toxoplasma gondii that is isolated from placenta
of different hosts (women, ewe and goat) and also comparing this diameters after injection of tissue cysts in another
hosts (albino mice & chick embryo) in different times. Results show that the diameter of tissue cysts isolated from goat
are the smaller one, followed by that isolated from ewe and women placenta, respectively. Also this study reveal no
significant difference between tissue cysts diameter, which isolated from mice & chick embryo, while the difference is
significant when those diameters compared with that isolated from the placenta of women (93 µm ± 0.76), ewe (55 µm
± 2.1) and goat (42 µm ± 2.03). and finally this study was done to determined the tissue cyst diameter variations of
different strains of Toxoplasma gondii and its relation to the virulence , and by using this method in diagnosis protocol
in the future

Fifty samples of C.S.F. were collected from Patients with suspected to have meningitis with ages, ranged from less than
1 month to seven years.The results showed that the rate of bacterial infection was 26%, the causative bacteria includes
both Gram positive and negative bacteria. Gram positive constitute 53.8% of which Streptococcus pneumoniae formed
the highest rate (25%) followed by Staph. aureus, Staph. simulanus with percentage 15.4%, 7.7% respectively and
lastly Listeria monocytogenes 7.7%.
While gram negative bacteria was isolated at a rate of 46.2% Nesseria meningitidis constitute the highest isolation rate
(30.8%) then Haemophilus influenzae,Pseudo.aerginosa at ratio of 7.7% for them.The study also showed that the rate of
infection was higher in females (53.84%) while it was 46.15% in males. It appeared that N. meningitidis and Strep.
pneumoniae was isolated at a rate of 50% from children less than one month and Strep. pneumoniae was also isolated at
a rate of 28.57% from children aged between 1 month to four years while Staph.aureus was isolated at rate of 66.7%
from children more than four years,Staph. Simulanus, Listeria monocytogenes, Nesseria meningitidis and Pseudomonas
aeroginosa was isolated from children between 1 month to four years only at arate of 14.28, 14.28, 28.57, 14.28
respectively. the results also showed that 30.8% of the patients with Bacterial Meningitis had hydrocephalus and those
patient have also an increase in the number of white blood cells (96) cells/ml3
compared with 33 cells/ml3
and in protein
concentration 1.6 mmol/L and 0.8 mmol/L while there is no difference in glucose concentration which showed low
concentration in both groups

In this work, I-V Characteristics and the electrons energy distribution function for air plasma in the anode fall region is
measured by using the superimposed of an A.C signal over the D.C probe bias voltage method. Results proved that
shape of experimental distribution function was non maxwellian where two groups of electrons were detected. This
electrons have a chance to thermalize themselves due to the long plasma lifetime in this region

The attenuation measurmints of x-rays by using (Cu,Mo) tubes for Al and Zn meatls carried out ,the linear and mass
attenuation coefficients (µL) and (µm)respectively were obtain also a programme were designed to calculate the average
energy emitted from the above mention tubes , the results were compared with measured data after processing by
mathematical method depending on XCOM programme which was used to calculate the attenuation coefficients on
descrite energies , the risalts shows a good agreement

Gamma rays source. Type (Cs-137) with radioactivity (20mCi), and direct current have been used for studying the
physiological effect at ionic organization in Cyprinus Carpio.
The results indicate there is anaesthetic effect for electricity field and not for Gamma-rays. And Gamma-rays effect
from ionic organization is increment in concentration of both Na+
and K
+more than that occur on effect electricity field
in Cyprinus Carpio plasma. The result of exposure to electricity field after 60 min for K
+
concentration is (11.6 mM/L)
and concentration of Na+
(146.3 mM/L) but increase concentration of K+
(12.2 mM/L) and concentration of Na+
(152.3
mM/L) for Gamma-rays exposure 30 min. Also the Packed Cell Volume (PCV%) increment to 67.1% for the electricity
field, and 70.3% for Camma-rays. According to electric field effect all value return to original value after 90 min before
stimulation , that not occur to Gamma-rays