Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between body mass index, body surface area, ideal weight, ratio of the waist circumference to the pelvic circumference and resting metabolism among female students of student activities at the University of Qadisiyah. The descriptive approach was used in the manner of survey studies to suit the nature of either the research sample was represented by the students of the Department of Student Activities, University of Qadisiyah, numbering (100) students, and after applying the basic experiment and obtaining the results, processing them statistically, analyzing.

Rice husks were treated with inorganic acids such as HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and organic acids such as acetic acid CH3COOH to increase the efficiency of adsorption of harmful organic substances, including phenol, from wastewater. The process was monitored The reaction was tracked by UV-vis measurements. The study proved that coal heated to 500 degrees Celsius and treated with sulfuric acid is more capable of adsorption than activated charcoal with other inorganic acids. The study showed that inorganic acids are more dense than organic acids.

The current research aims to identify the extent to which physics textbooks for the intermediate stage include aspects of scientific culture. To achieve this goal, the research addressed the following question: To what extent do physics textbooks for the intermediate stage include aspects of scientific culture? The researcher adopted the descriptive method, using content analysis as one of the descriptive method techniques, Preparing an initial list of scientific culture dimensions by reviewing the literature and previous studies related to scientific culture. The tool was presented to a group of experts specializing in physics, science teaching methods, and some physics supervisors and teachers to ensure its validity and reliability. The researcher then analyzed the content of physics textbooks for the intermediate stage for the academic year (2023-2024), using the explicit idea as a unit of recording. The reliability of the analysis was calculated through agreement with external analysts and with the researcher himself over time.
The results, using frequencies and percentages, showed the following:
• The physics textbooks for the intermediate stage were at a good level in terms of the percentage of the total achieved items compared to the benchmark percentage adopted by the researcher based on experts' opinions, which is 70%.
• The third-grade intermediate physics textbook was the most achieving of the scientific culture dimensions, followed by the first-grade intermediate physics textbook, while the second-grade intermediate physics textbook was the least achieving.
• The dimension of "scientific knowledge" was the most prominent in the physics textbooks, while the dimension of "appreciation of the role of science and scientists in serving the environment and attitudes towards physics" was the least prominent in most of the textbooks analyzed.

Based on these findings, the researcher provided a set of recommendations and suggestions aimed at improving and developing the educational process in Iraq

Snow cover refers to the amount of snow covering the ground, and includes concepts of depth, extent, area, and density. Snow cover is a major component of the global climate system through its role in regulating energy and moisture between the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. The amount of snow on Earth aids in controlling the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the surface. Regional weather patterns can be impacted by changes in snow cover on a smaller scale. The length of time that snow covers the ground has an impact on wildlife, fire risk, permafrost thawing, and the timing and volume of river runoff. These results were particularly evident in the exceptional years of heavy snowfall in 1992, 2008 and 2015, respectively, with 2008 having the largest proportion (about 44%). determining the degree of spatial and temporal variability of SC in northern Iraq between 1990 and 2022 was the goal of this study. The study revealed regional differences in the amount of Sc, with Duhok recording the highest percentage, obtaining 47% of the total percentage of SC area. Erbil governorate had the least SC of the northern cities of Iraq. Sulaymaniyah was in between Dohuk and Erbil with (35 %) of total area of snow cover. The ratio was calculated from particular area of SC divided in to total area of SC as presently ratio area. We notice that in the years (1998, 2008) there is a large difference in the SWE settled to the SWE new. We also notice that the year 2016 represented the highest value for new and stable snow, and the lowest values were in the years 1991 and 1994. 1999, 2010, 2011, 2018, 2020 and 2021. This is due to the nature of the region and weather factors such as temperature, Humidity and water vapor.

We have introduced two families of continuous distribution functions with not
necessarily identical densities , which include the original distribution as a special
case . Two sets of proposals are based on two parameters and are offered as an
alternative to the skewed normal distribution and other assumptions in the
statistical literature . The density functions for these new families are given by a
closed expression that allows us to easily calculate probabilities, moments, and
their associated quantities . The second family can show two sides and the fourth
uniform center point ( kurtosis ) can be less than the normal distribution of
skewness . Since the proposed second family could be biphyletic , we included
two known datasets.

Background: Endo-crown repair CAD/CAM materials are a promising treatment for teeth with substantial crown damage, particularly those with a short clinical crown length, insufficient interocclusal space, calcified canals, or thin roots.
Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the fracture mode of endo-crown restorations fabricated from different CAD/CAM materials luted to maxillary premolars.Methods: Fifty endodontically treated maxillary premolars were prepared using endo-crown restorations using different materials. Divided into five groups, they were cemented using dual-cure adhesive. After a day of preservation, Burke's classification was used to examine each sample under a 40x magnification microscope to determine the fracture mode.Results: The study found that 40% of samples in group Vita Enamic had severe crown and/or tooth fracture (Code V), 70% in group Cera smart, and 100% in IPS e.max and zirconia.Conclusions: The study found that most samples from all groups had severe crown and tooth fractures, indicating catastrophic failure. The use of a single load to failure fracture test may have caused this mode of fracture.

Over the past ten years, there has been a significant improvement in dental material research and technology. According to the development of new materials, there is now a certain degree of satisfaction with the desire for tissue-friendly aesthetic materials. The majority of materials are aesthetically pleasing, functional, and biocompatible. They have enhanced wear resistance, dimensional stability, colour stability, and tissue friendliness. Because of their nature and advancements in fabrication and manufacture, these materials can yield long-term, optimal treatment results. Zirconia is the most durable dental ceramic, and its monolithic form is being used increasingly in many clinical applications. The most popular variation is Y-TZP, which stands for yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline, modern zirconia has better optical characteristics and might potentially solve this issue. For all the reasons listed above, zirconia-based ceramics have largely replaced porcelain-fused-to-metal prostheses and precious metal alloys. This paper aims to provide a definition of zirconia's evolution and development as a biomaterial. In particular, it will discuss the following: physical, chemical, and optical properties; material chemistry within the various crystallographic phases and strengthening processes; tissue reaction with respect to biocompatibility; applications of zirconia; and the ageing process.

Baghdad is experiencing a significant air pollution crisis. This is due to increasing population density and expanding industrial areas. The aim of this study is the construction of special curves for the calculation of transverse dispersion coefficients under different stability conditions and at different distances from the measurement point, representative of the urban atmosphere of Baghdad. This was achieved in conjunction with the integrated Lagrangian time scale (TL). Observational data, covering the period from January to July 2016, were collected using a three-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer to capture instantaneous velocity components and air temperature. The transverse wind speed and the height dispersion coefficient were calculated in the context of Lagrangian coordinates and correlated with the dimensionless stability of the atmosphere. The results show that TL takes on a unity value under neutral conditions. It increases linearly under stable conditions and behaves non-linearly under unstable conditions. Most stability conditions fall within the range of low instability segments (-0.1 to -1). The study found that the transverse dispersion coefficient has a significant influence on the dispersion of pollutants and thus contributes to the instability of the atmosphere. This coefficient is mainly generated by atmospheric turbulence. Turbulence plays a crucial role in mixing pollutants and facilitating their transfer.

The research delves into the conflict between the National Union of Iraqi Students - the Baathist faction - and the government led by Abdul Karim Qasim, along with the Communist Party that supported and endorsed him. This unprecedented student struggle adopted an escalation approach driven by ideological differences between conflicting parties, both in theory and practice. The focus shifted from student election processes and the pursuit of union presidency as a professional front for political engagement to a direct challenge to authority, culminating in the demand for regime change and ultimately resulting in the coup of February 8, 1963. The significance of the research lies in its examination and analysis of confidential data from the National Union of Iraqi Students, security documents, and secret bulletins to illustrate the state of conflict, thus serving as a pure documentary study. The research is divided into two sections: the first section titled "The State of Conflict from July 14, 1958, to November 23, 1961," which covers the establishment of the National Union of Iraqi Students, and the second section titled "The State of Conflict from November 23, 1961, to February 8, 1963," including the fall of Abdul Karim Qasim s government, where the National Union of Iraqi Students played a significant role in preparation, planning, and execution .

This research sheds light on the services of literacy centers that play a major role in teaching illiterate people to read, write, and do professions to develop their skills and take their role in society. The research focused on showing the spatial distribution of literacy centers in the governorate, in addition to studying the most important reasons that led to the spread of illiteracy among the population in the governorate, as well as clarifying the disparity in the number of centers, educational bodies, and students between the governorate's districts, in order to show the shortcomings in the distribution of this service to seek to identify the districts in need of this educational service. All this is in order to achieve some justice in the distribution of this service, especially since the importance of this education lies in its direct connection to development and labor market requirements. The research also addressed the study of the relationship between literacy centers and achieving sustainable development in the governorate. The research reached a set of results, including the lack of balance in the distribution of literacy centers between one district and another at the level of the governorate itself. (11) centers were allocated in Diwaniyah district and (7) centers in Al-Hamza district, while (5) centers were allocated for each of Afak and Al-Shamiya districts.

The current era has witnessed a great diversity in the field of technological innovations, which necessitated their employment in the educational process and benefiting from them. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this experiment, this research aims to know the effect of using virtual classes via e-learning platforms on achievement and developing self-organized learning skills for students of the College of Education and their attitudes towards it. To achieve the objectives of the research, three research hypotheses were formulated (there is no statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the average scores of students who studied according to virtual classes via e-learning platforms and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject according to the usual method in (Accomplishment variable and self-organized learning skills and attitudes).The research community was determined by the third grade students in the Department of Quranic Sciences in the College of Education at the University of Kufa (80 male and female students). A sample of them who joined the virtual class in curriculum and teaching methods were selected. The researcher chose the two-group design as an experimental design for the research and prepared the following tools to achieve the research objectives :
1-The final achievement test, which consists of a number of paragraphs of the type of multiple choice.
The self-organized learning scale, which consists of a number of items. 2
A measure of students\' attitudes towards using e-learning platforms in teaching. 3
The psychometric properties of these tools were extracted, such as honesty and stability, and the school of the subject (the researcher) communicated electronically with the students (the research sample) to explain the study material through virtual classes via e-learning platforms and provide them with the required information related to the material and answer their questions and inquiries about it .
After completing the teaching process, the achievement test, the self-organized learning scale, and the students\' attitude scale towards using e-learning platforms were applied, and then the results of these applications were analyzed using the appropriate statistical means through the (SPSS) program . The results of the research concluded that the average scores obtained by students in the achievement test were good, and the students\' answers on the scale of students\' attitudes towards using e-learning platforms were positive. A statistically significant difference appeared in the self-organized learning skills scale in favor of the experimental group, and this indicates that the virtual classes via e-learning platforms had a positive effect on the dependent research variables. In light of this, the researcher recommended taking advantage of e-learning techniques, including virtual classes via e-learning platforms in teaching In university institutions to complete the prescribed curriculum vocabulary. The researcher also suggested a number of recommendations and suggestions that complement this research .

The research aims to shed light on (General John Majorder’s mission to China, July 1941 - June 1942), especially since China witnessed great challenges in the 1930s and 1940s, especially with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese conflict in July 1937. With increasing Japanese pressure, China found It is in a critical position that requires significant external support to maintain its defenses. Hopes for European support faded after shipments from France, Germany, and Italy stopped, so General John Majorder\\'s mission was part of the American efforts, and it was the first American military mission of its kind in Asia. The importance of this mission lies in its crucial role in coordinating loan and leasing operations, and providing logistical support. Coordination with China and ensuring the effective use of resources began in July 1941 and ended in June 1942.

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of psychological distress and its relationship to social isolation among orphan students in the intermediate stage, according to the gender variable (males and females) and adopting the descriptive approach. The research sample consisted of (50) male and female students from orphans in the intermediate stage (first, second, third) chosen by the random stratified method. The researcher prepared a psychological distress scale (24) paragraphs, while adopting the social isolation scale (Al-jburi, 2014), which has (24) paragraphs. After collecting the data and processing it using statistical methods, the two scales of the current research were applied to the sample members.

There is no doubt that the first Abbasid era is the golden age of the Abbasid Caliphate, in which the political, economic and cultural foundations and components of Islamic civilization were completed and matured. This era is considered one of the most important eras in Islamic history because of the great events that took place in it. In addition to this, the Abbasids thought of establishing a capital for their newborn caliphate, so they established Baghdad, which expanded and increased its responsibilities. It was considered one of the greatest countries because of its magnificent architectural manifestations with an ancient culture and civilization that immortalized scientific, literary and artistic monuments in the Islamic world, leaving a clear impact on the cities that the Arabs established in the Islamic countries later because they relied on organization and precision to be the new central capital that proved its position and authenticity in the history of the Arabs and Muslims.

The aim of the research was to identify the effectiveness of teaching by self-regulated learning in developing the dimensions of deep understanding in physics for second-year middle school students. To achieve the goal, the following null hypothesis was formulated: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who will receive education according to the self-regulated learning strategy, and the average scores of the control group students who will receive education in the traditional way, in the test of the dimensions of deep understanding for second-year middle school students in physics. The researcher chose the design of the two equivalent groups (experimentally). The research community was determined in the second intermediate grade students, in the intermediate daytime boys' schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Al-Qadisiyah / Center, for the academic year (2023-2024) the second semester. According to this design, (Karbala Intermediate School for Boys) was chosen intentionally to represent the sample, as its students were (114) students in three sections, as Section (C) was chosen to be the experimental group, as well as Section (B) to represent the control group. The two groups were equalized in (age in months, intelligence, first semester grades, deep understanding dimensions test). The educational material was chapters (fourth, fifth and sixth) of physics for the second intermediate grade, and behavioral objectives were set for the specified material, as they were (145) objectives. The researcher prepared (16) teaching plans for each group. As for the research tool, it is the deep cognitive understanding test, consisting of (36) paragraphs that varied between objective and essay. The psychometric characteristics of the test were extracted. The experiment was conducted in the second semester, after which the two groups were tested and statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS program. The results showed that the students of the experimental group were superior to the students of the control group in the test of the dimensions of deep understanding. In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations.

The history of the Arabs has not witnessed before this era an era in which there was such interaction, or such coexistence between Arabism and non-Arabism, wealth and poverty, extravagance and hardship, harmony and difference, unity and diversity. A part of the Abbasid society was characterized by debauchery and disregard for noble moral values, and behind its spread were the heretics and the populists, and those who were loose from religion, custom and traditions, and the large number of dissolute slave girls who were famous for their bad morals, as well as the young men who were known for corruption and moral decadence, in addition to debauchery and debauchery due to the spread of taverns and drinking councils that included the wicked and the licentious from the heretics who had removed the modesty of dignity, and another reason stronger than all of that is absolute freedom, as the Abbasid state did not stand in the face of corruption and did not establish a court for the licentious to hold them accountable as it did with the heretics. However, the entire society in the Abbasid era was not a society of entertainment and luxury. Rather, it was an Islamic society, and the majority of it resided in Islam, adhering to its obligations, traditions, and rituals, and were dissatisfied with the manifestations of entertainment, luxury, and heresy. This phenomenon could have passed without leaving such wide echoes if that group of licentious people had not possessed its writers, theorists, and philosophers, who gave this phenomenon a special character worthy of study.

The aim of the research is to identify the effectiveness of the educational program according to the model of knowing the common elements in acquiring educational concepts and future orientations among students of the College of Basic Education. The research sample consisted of (62) students of the Arabic Language Department. Due to the nature of the research, the researcher adopted the experimental method in testing the acquisition of educational concepts (30) paragraphs of choosing four alternatives and the scale of future orientations consisting of (21) paragraphs. The validity and reliability of the two tools were verified. The researcher used the experimental method and the educational program was applied. The (SPSS) program was adopted to extract the results, which are:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at the level (α = 0.05) between the average scores of the students of the experimental group who were exposed to the educational program and the average scores of the students of the control group who were not exposed to the educational program according to the model of knowing the common elements in the scale of acquiring educational concept.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at the level (α = 0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who were exposed to the educational program and the average scores of the control group students who were not exposed to the training program according to the model of knowing the common elements in the future orientations scale.
The research recommended the following:
1. Employing (the model of knowing the common elements) in teaching educational content because of its effective role in acquiring educational concepts and achieving the required goals.
2. Preparing a guide for university professors that explains how to use educational models in general and the model of knowing the common elements in particular.
3. Paying attention to the future orientations of students and the necessity of enhancing positive trends and trying to explain and reduce the negative ones.
In completion of the results of the current research, the researcher proposes:
- The effectiveness of (the model of knowing the common elements) in developing future thinking and understanding scientific concepts in teaching the subject of teaching methods.
- The effectiveness of a training program according to (the model of knowing the common elements) in enhancing educational skills and human values for Arabic language teachers.

The study of the history of the Mongols is one of the important studies that has received the attention of researchers and historians due to the importance of the political and military events witnessed by the Islamic state since their first appearance on the political scene, and the coup witnessed by the contemporary political forces. The military campaigns launched by the Mongols on Islamic countries and others had a significant impact on changing the features of the political map of the world as a whole, and caused an imbalance in the balance of power at that time. The Mongol Empire became sprawling and its borders expanded little by little until it was divided into khanates distributed here and there, imposing its control over vast areas. The research shed light on the most important reasons for the deterioration of economic conditions in all the cities that were subject to the authority of the Ilkhanate Mongols, and we pointed out the most prominent figures who contributed to convincing the Ilkhanate Kaykhatu (690-694 AH / 1291-1295 AD) to deal with this currency, most notably the minister Sadr al-Din Zanjani (d. 697 AH / 1297 AD). The research referred to an accurate description of the Chao currency, its value, the reasons for the general public’s refusal to deal with it, and the most important problems they faced as a result of their failure to implement the Ilkhan’s orders and the deterioration of their conditions in general, especially after a large number of them migrated from the city of Tabriz, led by merchants and senior state officials, and moved to other cities that allowed them to deal with the old metal currency, trying to improve their standard of living after the economic disasters and financial inflation they were exposed to, especially after food became scarce, markets closed their doors, diseases spread, security was lost, and thieves exploited the state of chaos to achieve their goals.

The current research aims to identify ("E-learning competencies among faculty members at the University of Al-Qadisiyah") The research population was determined to be the faculty members of the University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2023-2024). The sample was selected using the proportional stratified random method, with a total of (500) male and female faculty members. The researcher used the descriptive approach. To achieve the research objectives, a research tool was required. The researcher adopted the scale of (Al-Rafiei, 2021) to measure e-learning competencies among university faculty members. The scale consisted of (40) items distributed across four domains: (e-learning culture competencies, computer and accessories usage competencies, internet network leadership competencies, and e-learning design, management, and evaluation competencies), The psychometric properties of the scale were verified by extracting validity and reliability. Validity was extracted through face validity and construct validity using the extreme groups method and internal consistency. Reliability was extracted using two methods: the first method used Cronbach's alpha equation (0.96), and the second method used split-half reliability, which reached (0.87), The research applied the e-learning competencies scale to the research sample of university of Al-Qadisiyah faculty members. Using appropriate statistical methods, the data was analyzed using the Statistical Package (SPSS). The research reached several conclusions, including that University of Al-Qadisiyah faculty possess e-learning competencies. In light of the results obtained, the research concluded with a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

In this research, four models of activated carbon were prepared from the stems of the Fabaceae Astaglis Spinosal plant (takik plant*), where the stem of the plant was cut into pieces of equal size and it was first carbonized as it was heated without air for one hour and until the end of the rise of vapors and gases, and the pieces of carbon were soaked with different concentrations from the base (Sodium hydroxide) for 24 hours, then the samples were filtered and dried, and then the final carbonization of the samples was carried out for 30 minutes and until the vapors and gases ceased to rise. The results showed that model 4 (non-activated carbon 1:2 base) is the best in terms of absorbing methylene blue dye from its aqueous solution and model 3 (non-activated carbon 1:1.5 base) is the best in terms of absorbing iodine from its aqueous solution. The physical properties of humidity, ash and density were within the acceptable academic and commercial limits. BET measurements showed that model 3 (non-activated carbon 1:1.5 base) had the largest surface area, while model 4 (non-activated carbon 1:2 base) gave the largest pore size, as shown in the results table. Table (3). (takik plant*) = It is a common name for a plant that grows abundantly in southern Mosul, Iraq.

Industrial activities have had significant detrimental impacts on both the environment and human health, driving chemists to explore innovative strategies for minimizing the negative effects of chemical reactions and limiting the release of harmful by-products. This article provides an overview of the methods for synthesizing pyrrole compounds, which are crucial acyclic compounds in organic chemistry. Pyrrole derivatives hold a prominent place in medicinal chemistry and are essential for synthesizing various organic compounds, playing key roles in biological systems.Numerous methods have been developed for the synthesis of pyrroles, with the Powell-Nour method, which utilizes a range of catalysts, being the most widely used. Recently, there has been increased attention on the development of pyrrole-based biomolecules and pyrrole-containing polymers. Research has focused on refining and optimizing the preparation of pyrroles, aiming to achieve efficient, sustainable methods, a challenge that has intrigued scientists for over a century.

The research aims to identify the effect of the EMBE-R strategy on the conceptual change of fifth-grade science students in the concepts of acids, bases and salts. To achieve the goal, the researcher set the null hypothesis that states: There is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group who will study according to the EMBE-R strategy and the average scores of students in the control group who will study according to the usual method in the chemistry achievement test. In order to verify this, he applied his experiment in the second half of the academic year (2022-2023), as the research sample consisted of (70) students from the fifth-grade science students at Al-Nasr Secondary School for Boys, a government day school, and they were randomly distributed into two groups with (35) students in each group. The two groups were rewarded in the following variables: Age calculated in months The first semester grades and the intelligence test, and in light of the relative importance of the content and behavioral purposes, an achievement test consisting of (40) multiple-choice items were constructed. The researcher verified the characteristics of the psychometric test, and at the end of the experiment, the achievement test was applied to the two groups. After that, the results were analyzed and showed the superiority of the experimental group students who studied according to the EMBE-R strategy over the control group who studied in the usual way in the academic achievement variable.

The current research is limited to computer teachers in non-specialized colleges in the universities of the Middle Euphrates for the academic year 2023-2024. The basic sample size was (202). male and female teachers, and they were randomly selected. The researcher adopted a descriptive research approach, and to achieve the research objectives, the scale was built, which consisted of (113) items It is divided into five standards: knowledge and skills in the field of computer science, equality and inclusion, professional growth and identity, educational design, and classroom practice. The face validity and construct validity of the scale have been verified. The relationship of the item score to the total score of the behavior scale for evaluating computer teaching in non-specialized colleges has been calculated. Using a correlation coefficient Pearson then calculated the T-significance for each of the correlation coefficients and compared the calculated value with the tabular T-value at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom (200) of (1.96). The relationship of all items to the total score was statistically significant, and the following results were reached:

The current research aims to identify the effect of the challenge strategy on the achievement of fourth-stage students in the measurement and evaluation subject. The study was conducted at the College of Education for Human Sciences, University of Basra, Department of Geography. The research sample consisted of (137) male and female students. The researcher divided the students into two experimental and control groups, and conducted equivalences for the two groups in previous information, chronological age and intelligence. The experiment was conducted in the academic year (2023-2024). The researcher used the experimental design with partial control. The researcher also developed teaching plans for the experimental group and the control group, and a research tool was built, which was represented by the scientific thinking test. The results of the research showed that the students of the experimental group outperformed the control group in the scientific thinking test. The researcher recommended several recommendations and proposals, the most important of which is enriching the measurement and evaluation subject with activities that help students acquire information, creative skills and scientific thinking. The effectiveness of teaching using the challenge strategy in creative thinking among university students in different subjects

This study attempted to unveil (textual thresholds in the poetry of Sadiq Al-Sheikh Baqir), through illuminating and enlightening the concept of thresholds, and their most important functions and divisions, standing on those thresholds, the most prominent of which were (cover plate, author's name, genre, title threshold, dedication threshold, introduction), and their semantic and suggestive energy, and measuring the amount of intentionality and spontaneity in the literary work, where their interpretation and deconstruction are present and absent, to pour out guiding lights in revealing the creativity of Al-Hilli on the one hand, and the scientific methodology in the analysis on the other hand.

This research addresses the role of the Turkish commander Aytakh in the Abbasid army during the third century AH / ninth century AD, highlighting his active role in the main military campaigns waged by the state, especially the campaign to control Amorium in the year (223 AH / 838 AD) and his role in suppressing external movements. This period witnessed a qualitative shift in the military tactics used. The Abbasid army increasingly relied on Turkish divisions that were trained and organized under the supervision of Aytakh, which contributed to strengthening the power of the Abbasid state and increasing its influence in the region. The study also deals with the political and military effects of the campaign against Amorium, which was considered as one of the greatest victories during the reign of Caliph Al-Mu'tasim Billah. Amorium was one of the important strategic goals of the Byzantine Empire. The conquest of Amorium was not just a military victory, but a manifestation of the Abbasid power and domination. This campaign is an example of how Aytakh used modern strategies of siege and attack in addition to the careful organization of forces. The study also highlights the role of Aytakh in confronting internal rebellions that threatened the stability of the state, such as the Kharijite movements that spread in Iraq and Khorasan. The research shows how Aytakh was able to effectively employ the Turkish forces in these campaigns, relying on tactics that suited the nature of each rebellion. The results show how Aytakh was not only a military leader, but also politically smart and able to negotiate with competing powers. This study is an attempt to re-evaluate the influence Aytakh had on the Abbasid army and his role in shaping military policy during that period. The study relies on a wide range of historical sources, including contemporary history books, olden manuscripts, and modern academic studies, making it an important reference for researchers in the field of Islamic military history. The research concludes with recommendations for future studies, stressing the need for integrating academic studies with diverse sources to gain a deeper understanding of historical figures such as Aytakh.

: The research aims to try to define an accurate and clear concept for both electronic banking services and competitive advantage and to analyze the relationship between the application of electronic banking services and the acquisition of competitive advantage for government banks through the research problem, which is the extent to which electronic banking services contribute to achieving the competitive advantage of government banks in Diwaniyah Governorate. In order to reach a solution to the problem, a number of hypotheses were put forward, the most important of which is that there is a statistically significant moral effect of electronic banking services in achieving the competitive advantage of government banks, the research sample. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, it was applied in the field, represented by (3) government banks in the center of Diwaniyah Governorate, which are (Rashid Branch 16, Rafidain Right Side 517, and Rashid Branch 515), based on the questionnaire form that included a number of questions related to the independent variable (electronic services) and the dependent variable (competitive advantage) with 123 forms distributed and retrieved in full, in addition to using the SPSS statistical program to conduct the extended statistical analysis and reach the results. The research reached many conclusions The most important of which is the bank's website, which is designed in a clear way that makes it easy for customers to use, and a number of recommendations, the most important of which is trying to diversify electronic channels to reach all categories of customers and meet their needs and desires.

The current study aims to scientifically review and compare the results that studied the variable of deep understanding, and the community is defined by all research papers, scientific articles, conference research, magazines, master's theses, doctoral dissertations, research and reports of institutions that studied deep understanding and its skills. The sample was represented by (24) previous studies. The data were collected using a comprehensive survey method of information sources. It was concluded that the Arab scientific effects related to deep understanding are good, multiple and diverse, as some of them were published in global containers with an impact factor or international conferences, and most of them were published in peer-reviewed Arab journals with an impact factor. The foreign scientific effect also received the attention of international research institutions, ministries and magazines with an impact factor. In light of the results, it was concluded that the Arab scientific effects are good and sometimes equal or surpass foreign scientific effects in this field.

The purpose of our research it is scanning an application for Lascoux resolution and the characteristic free resolution towards the partition (6, 4, 3)/(1, 0, 0), and we also survey the communication for the resolution of Weyl module in our case of every mode for the partition itself.

Zoroastrians returned to the political and social scene, and the Zoroastrian religion spread during the first Pahlavi era (1925-1941), as the Pahlavi government sought to prosper Iran by modernizing it, and strengthening the sense of Nationalism pride, and paid great attention to the previous Iranian empires, and thus the Shah's goals coincided with the goals of Zoroastrianism, that national ideology and view of history aroused more interest in the mythical and ancient elements, and based on that, Iranian nationalism was built on pre-Islamic history, and the Zoroastrians were considered representatives of ancient Iran and received the necessary attention, and Reza Shah (1925-1941) benefited from the promotion of Zoroastrianism, in fact, strengthening minorities, especially Zoroastrians, was consistent with his national interests and not the prosperity of the ancient religion, but due to Nationalism policies and their implementation, ancient symbols and the Zoroastrian religion appeared officially and publicly The Iranian national identity was affected by the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty, and reached its maximum limits during the reign of Reza Shah. His policies were described as an attempt to crystallize an Iranian identity within the framework of a central state with specific ideas, merging the ancient past with the temptation of modernity. Therefore, he tried to reduce a large number of the population with their diversity to a narrow cultural scope, while adopting the Persian language and culture. Reza Shah and his successors applied the coercive approach in building the national identity to the religious and ethnic minority groups, who had to integrate into the general trend of Persian life and homogeneity in Iranian society and distance it from diversity, so that every individual in any religious or ethnic minority would become Iranian. This policy was practiced on the Zoroastrian community in Kerman, when the city was expanded and its walls and ancient cemeteries were destroyed, and as a result families of different religions lived side by side in it. The social and economic activities of the Zoroastrian community flourished, and they succeeded in commercial activities. Industry, trade and crafts came out of their form and got rid of the centrality of the market. The number of those who followed the path of priesthood decreased, and the authority of Muslim clerics shrank and diminished. Some of the restrictions imposed on them in work disappeared, and they began to be recognized in all government laws. They obtained a seat in the Iranian parliament, and the strict atmosphere was replaced by a kind of religious and sectarian tolerance, and this was reflected in their movement and spread within Iran, so the Zoroastrians of the villages moved to the big cities, especially Tehran. The transformations of the Zoroastrian community continued during the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah (1941-1979), who followed his father’s approach in elevating the Zoroastrian past over the Shiite heritage in Iran. The policy of secularization reduced the boundaries and distinction between Muslims and religious minorities, especially the Zoroastrians, who did not reject integration but sought to eliminate the last obstacles to full integration. These reforms in Zoroastrian practices strengthened the process of homogeneity during the 1940s and 1950s, so many Zoroastrians in Tehran abandoned many of their practices and customs, and Zoroastrianism merged with the secular trend and the new modernization.

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf is one of the regional organizations that did not play the desired role in the Middle East, but it is influential at the level of member states. The Council has been exposed to internal and external variables that have affected the extent of its cohesion, the most prominent of which is the ideological difference in foreign policy between Qatar and the rest of the Council’s parties. In addition to the independent Qatari policy, especially after the “Arab Spring revolutions” in 2010.
Which led to a severe conflict that threatened the supreme Gulf interests and required international and regional intervention to contain it, and then revealed the Council’s weakness in the face of social, economic and political changes, as the disagreements led to the severing of Qatari – Gulf relations in 2017, which reflected the state of mistrust and divisions in the intra – relations of the member states. This constituted a clear threat to the future of the Council and the possibility of its continuation.

The research included addressing the importance of volleyball effectiveness, as well as knowing sports injuries and their importance and how to find modern assistive devices as it is one of the very important and influential factors in such a field, relying on scientific studies and research that helped them a lot in reaching the best levels. The importance of the research was evident in implementing a thermal injury detection device and its effect in determining injury levels in the College of Education for Girls handball team. As for the research problem, the handball team for students in the College of Education for Girls suffers from the problem of seriously and directly determining injury levels and accurately estimating their size. But with the presence of a modern injury detection device, can the team benefit from a new technology to determine injury levels more accurately and effectively? The research raises a question, which is? Does the device have the ability to detect sports injuries thermally, which is a problem worth exploring its aspects. The most important objectives of the research were to design a thermal sports injury detection device. The most important hypothesis is that there are differences in the percentage of injury between the research sample. As for the fourth chapter: it included presenting, analyzing and discussing the results. The results were presented in the form of tables, the number of which was (1). The results of each test of joint and muscle temperature tests were discussed before, during and after the effort. Through this, the research objectives were achieved and its hypotheses were verified. Through the results presented, the following was concluded: The device achieved a clear and confirmed picture of the player's condition and the team's readiness. The most important recommendations are the necessity of using the device to determine the level of injury and evaluate the players' condition.

The beginning of the universe is one of the most important and inspiring topics in astronomy, as the question comes to mind: How did the universe begin? And what makes the universe expand? Before 13.8 billion years ago, a big bang occurred, where all the currently visible matter was present in a very small range, and due to the radioactive decay of materials and also due to the ionization of hydrogen and its negative energy, the universe contracted until the distance between the electron and the quark reached zero, and with the infinite heat present, that small range exploded, causing particles and photons to spread in all directions, and with the doubling of speed during the big bang, and according to Einstein's energy equation, dark matter was formed from the acceleration of photons, and dark energy was formed from the acceleration of neutrinos. When the universe cooled, dark matter and gravity collected quarks together to form the proton, and in the same way the nucleus was formed and the electron was attracted to it to form the first hydrogen atom, and hydrogen atoms were collected into groups, and due to its negative energy, hydrogen exploded, but in a certain amount, and thus the stars and galaxies appeared, and then the solar system. When a star contracts, it turns into a black hole that attracts everything to it, and when it attracts photons, they collide at the event horizon and produce an electron and a positron, one of which comes out according to the charge of that hole. However, if that photon does not collide and continues to accelerate until it reaches the square of the speed of light, it turns into a mass that comes out of the black hole, which is dark matter. Likewise, when neutrinos enter the black hole and begin to accelerate until they reach the square of the speed of light, they turn into photons, which is dark energy, causing galaxies to move away from each other. Therefore, the dark matter of the universe must increase, as there is a relationship between the expansion of the universe and the increase in dark matter, and it must be in a very close coordination.

The study aimed to reveal the nature of the correlation between the effectiveness of self-counseling and psychological empowerment of educational counselors, as well as to identify the level of both self-effectiveness counseling and psychological empowerment, as well as to identify the differences in the variables of the study according to the variable (gender, years of experience), and the sample reached (51) counselors and counselors, The study found a positive correlation statistically significant between the effectiveness of the counseling self and psychological empowerment of educational counselors, and the results revealed a high level of both self-efficacy and psychological empowerment, as well as there are no differences in both variables depending on the gender variable, as for the years of experience, the results showed differences in the degrees of self-efficacy of counseling in favor of the category (more than 10 years While there are no differences in the degrees of psychological empowerment according to the variable of years of experience, the study came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions.

After various developed countries realized the importance of media in establishing ideas and values and promoting various important issues, the Iraqi and pioneering emergence in economic media began to move towards educating members of society about the importance of economic development and work for a large country. This research aimed to identify the "role of the press in the pioneering economic development in Iraq" and adopted the descriptive analytical experiment and chose a group of television economic programs, which is the program (Dinar) presented by an Iraqi channel. After the experts approved this tool, the researcher analyzed the content of the paragraphs of this program according to that tool and reached a number of the most important of them, the following:
1. Most media strategies seek to direct the attention of the recipient of economic television programs to the ideas that interest the largest segment of society, and the ideas must be treated in an easy way so that the recipient can understand them quickly.
2. The economic television program includes interesting segments to break the boredom barrier resulting from some economic terms that are difficult for the recipient.
3. Choosing filming locations for the economic program is important because the nature of the place gives more credibility to the content of the program and the ideas it presents.
4. Modern technology contributes to providing a television image and sound with high specifications that contribute to attracting the attention of the recipient and thus increasing the number of followers of the program.
5. The form and appearance of the program presenter has an important impact in attracting viewers to the topic of the television program.
The research concluded with conclusions, recommendations, suggestions and a list of sources.

This research paper aims to study the use of higher accuracy numerical implementation techniques in the enhancement of the rates of machine learning models for predictive analysis in the health sector. The study responds to the issues linked with huge and composite datasets – the general attributes of most healthcare datasets. Through the implementation of numerous computational optimization methods as gradient descent and Newton’s method, the study intends to improve the efficiency of several machine learning algorithms like neural networks and decision tree. The approach that can be described as a logical flow of steps includes collection of data, preprocessing of data and numerical computations within the scope of the machine learning paradigm. A case study involving prediction of readmission rates of patients put into the appropriate model shows how these integrated techniques can be employed and the influence of each of them. These outcomes show promising effects regarding model performance and computational cost, which prove the necessity of utilizing sophisticated number theory concepts in the healthcare analysis. Thus, this work can be regarded as the continuation of the AI-focused developments in an attempt to improve patient’s wellbeing and streamline processes in the sphere of healthcare.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is one of the most prominent non – governmental organizations that provide support, assistance and relief to unarmed fighters and civilians. Following the US invasion of Iraq and the accompanying security disturbances that were completely reflected in the humanitarian reality in Iraq, the field role of the ICRC emerged through the expansion of the scope of its activities, as a result of the increase in humanitarian needs that resulted from the events after the occupation as a result of military actions related to the protection of prisoners and detainees, the displaced and the displaced, or what resulted from security incidents due to the tension and sectarian fighting that led to the displacement of thousands since 2006, not to mention the security collapse due to the control of the terrorist organization "ISIS" in 2014. These variables prompted the ICRC to intensify its awareness – raising and relief efforts in Iraq.

This study, investigate the enduring theme of race as it permeates world of literature, with a particular focus on the Elizabethan Era, a period marked by pronounced racial prejudice. As one of the most significant literary periods in which race has been explored, this era offers a rich tapestry for our analysis. Our primary case of study is William Shakespeare's timeless masterpiece, Othello, which stands as powerful evidence to the devastating effects of racism. Through the lens of this classic work, we examine the inescapable consequences of racial bias on individuals and society at large, highlighting the countless ways in which a culture steeped in racism can restrict and suffocate love, while simultaneously empowering those who perpetuate discrimination to shatter the lives of others. This study analyzes linguistic racism in Othello and unveils the underlying mechanisms by which such prejudice is constructed, perpetuated, and ingrained within social dynamics, ultimately shedding light on the urgent need to dismantle systemic racism and foster inclusive, empathetic societies.

Japan is one of the international powers that has interests in Iraq. These interests are divided into political and economic. Political interests represent strengthening its political presence in Iraq through official political and diplomatic channels. As for economic interests, they are represented by Japan's need for Iraq's natural resources, especially oil and natural gas, in addition to its need for its strategic location, which is located in the heart of the Middle East region, and overlooks the Arabian Gulf, as it is located at its head. Perhaps this Japanese need for the Iraqi location will increase upon the completion of the stages of the Grand Faw Port project and the development road, which will link Asia and Europe. It is known that Japan is a major industrial country that seeks to import raw materials and export its goods to multiple markets in the world, as this road will shorten the time and costs when completed and successful. It seems that the components of the Iraqi political system are ready to strengthen relations with Japan at various levels, as a result of the positive mental image of it among decision-makers and even the Iraqi people. This may help it achieve its political and economic goals in Iraq. It seems that the future of this policy is heading towards increasing its effectiveness in Iraq, and this is the most prominent result reached through research into the subject.

The study of newspapers and magazines is one of the important studies, especially with regard to studying the intellectual and cultural aspects of peoples. Newspapers and magazines were a cultural platform used by writers and thinkers to present the ideas they acquired through their personal experiences or studies. Hence, our research deals with the intellectual movement in Iraq during the period from 1968 to 1979, through Al-Adab magazine published in Beirut. This magazine hosted those ideas and opinions that appeared at the hands of an elite group of writers, authors and artists in Iraq, as the magazine witnessed a stage of intellectual, cultural and literary transition from the classical school to the modern school influenced by Western intellectual schools in the poetic aspect. We witnessed the beginning of free verse and other literary aspects in the novel, story and prose, as well as the thought in the political aspect was of interest in that magazine, especially with regard to existential, nationalist, progressive ideas and other ideas that arose as a result of the intellectual and mood fluctuations that appeared as a natural result of the Arabs' defeat at the hands of the major Western countries, in addition to the successive military defeats of the Arab armies, the dispersion of Arab political systems and the loss of the Arab dream of Arab unity. Al-Adab magazine is a model of steadfastness in the face of the crises it was exposed to, and it is one of the longest-lived intellectual and literary magazines. It witnessed support from the educated class in Iraq in the field of writings, and even in subscriptions and financial support. It went through a period of temporary interruption due to political and economic conditions, but it was a free platform for Iraqi writings in various intellectual aspects. In addition, it paid attention to documenting the movement of thought and literature in Iraq (1968-1979(.

The principle of human coexistence is one of the basic pillars of the heavenly religions. It is an urgent necessity imposed by preserving the integrity of human existence, and dictated by the common concern among people for free and dignified survival. Therefore, coexistence is an existential issue related to the material and moral entity of humanity to remain within the element of continuity in existence, as coexistence responds to the motives based on the principle of bringing benefits and warding off corruption, and meets the call of sound human nature to live in security and peace, so that man turns in security and tranquility to the development of the earth according to the civilized and human meaning. Therefore, the Islamic religion took upon itself the call for peace, and it preceded the world nations in declaring a call for comprehensive global peace.

There are many economic and financial relationships that are carried out today between people through checks, and due to the problems caused by the circulation of cash for people in society, governments are trying hard to make checks a tool that replaces cash and money and can be relied upon to give importance to members of society for ease of use in their financial relationships. The truth is that the economic role of checks in today's society is a very practical and constantly increasing role, and it has a special place in relationships between individuals. Therefore, it can be said that the legal protection of checks is useful and perhaps necessary in the circumstances of our society, but despite all the efforts made to establish regulations, no significant amendments and innovations have been made by the legal legislator. Due to the importance of this topic, we conducted a study according to the descriptive-analytical approach entitled Criminalization and Punishment for Issuing a Check Without Balance in Iranian and Iraqi Law with the aim of knowing the principles governing checks such as the principle of independence of signatures and the principle of non-recourse to objections, as well as knowing the objective conditions for issuing checks and the necessary formal conditions for that. The study concluded that both the Iraqi and Iranian legislators have criminalized the issuance of a check without balance and set a penalty for this crime, which is imprisonment and a fine.

Background: According to trends in conversation and records technologies, artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have grown to be necessary in lots of facets of each day lifestyles. These technologies are critical to fashionable living, in particular as they quickly adapt to modifications in the global. Particularly, IoT is often utilized in industries such as production, agriculture, and healthcare. IoT makes it feasible for linked gadgets to reveal and examine patient facts within the healthcare enterprise, presenting greater insightful and knowledgeable know-how about human behavior. Methods: Applying the ESP8266 module for wireless verbal exchange, an Internet of Things-based fitness monitoring system become created for this look at. The MLX90614 temperature sensor, which measures body temperature, the MAX30100 pulse oximeter sensor, which measures blood oxygen tiers (SpO2), and the coronary heart price/pulse sensor (BPM), which measures blood stress, have been all integrated into the gadget. An Arduino microcontroller become in charge of the whole setup. Results: Despite the shortage of specific results within the abstract, the machine was able to measure crucial signs and symptoms together with blood pressure, frame temperature, and SpO2 in actual time through using the sensors and ESP8266 module. This allowed for non-stop affected person tracking. Conclusion: The examiner shows how IoT-based totally fitness tracking systems might beautify hospital treatment. The machine can supply precise and up to date health information in actual time through utilizing wi-fi connectivity and clever sensors, that can result in more urgent patient care.

This research sheds light on the effective role played by the merchants of Baghdad and Transoxiana in enriching religious sciences, with the clear contributions of these merchant scholars in that era, who participated in the renaissance and prosperity of the science of Hadith and the science of jurisprudence. The research attempted to monitor these contributions by identifying these merchant scholars known in the field of religious sciences in Baghdad and Transoxiana, then the merchant scholars who came to these two scientific centers who contributed to the renaissance of religious sciences as well, with the presentation of images and manifestations of their contributions, the most prominent of which was what their minds produced of scientific works that influenced this field, in order to clarify the intellectual and cultural impact of this category of merchants and to clarify the scientific value of their intellectual production and its repercussions on the Islamic library in its various fields, which clarifies their role in intellectual communication between Baghdad and Transoxiana in particular and the centers of the Islamic world in the East and West in general.

The Council of Ministers decided to entrust the development of the giant Majnoon oil field to the national cadres of Basra Oil Company, to implement the development plans according to the standards and methods approved by the licensing round companies, and stressed the commitment to reduce the costs of development, production and field management starting from 2018 to reach a percentage of no less than 50% of the costs of the field operator (Shell) in the following years. The Council of Ministers’ decision aims to manage the field in the best way, in addition to leading the national cadres to the activities of operating the most important national fields under Iraqi management and international standards to achieve sustainable development for Iraq. This research aims to evaluate the experience of the national cadres in the management of the Majnoon oil field and reached a set of conclusions and recommendations related to its subject.

Each country has the right to regulate the ownership of persons especially foreigners and to determine their possession and investments in all sectors within its territory . The country my give the foreigner the right to exercise those rights within its territory in whole or in part and it may allow him to own real estate in accordance with an organizing law . The principle of respecting acquired rights does not give the investor an absolute right as the state may on the basis of international law expropriate property to achieve its public benefit or national interest in accordance with any system whether the expropriation is nationalization , confiscation , or expropriation for the public benefit However, they all constitute an obstacle to the foreign investor and the investment process , whether it lead to the investor being deprived completely or partially and whether in return for compensation or without compensation as confiscation is usually without compensation .This is due to the penal nature it enjoys as it is considered a legitimate and recognized procedure in all countries of the world whether against citizens or foreigners with that status . Also even if compensation is arranged this compensation is not at all proportionate to the value of the confiscated funds jurisprudence and the judiciary differed in their view of compensation whether it is considered a pillar in the expropriation or not jurisprudence considered it a pillar in the expropriation and stipulated that this compensation be fair and equitable and proportionate to the real value of the expropriated funds.

Atomic and molecular physics and chemistry are fundamentally dependent on the investigation of charged particle collisions. These collisions are crucial not only for industrial processes such as plasma technology, fusion energy, and radiation therapy, but also for understanding other natural phenomena, including ionization in Earth's atmosphere. This work aims to survey and evaluate various approximation methods used to analyses and understand collisions, emphasizing their practical applications across multiple scientific fields. This research investigated the subsequent methodologies: The Born Approximation is a first-order perturbation technique frequently utilized in weak potential scattering scenarios to calculate transition probabilities. It achieves this by considering the interaction as a negligible perturbation. The close-coupling approximation addresses complex collision scenarios by solving a system of coupled Schrödinger equations, accounting for the intense interactions between proximate particles.

In this paper, nonlinear dispersive K(m, p. 1)-type equations were approximated using the Ado- mian decomposition method. This scheme is used to compute the explicit exact solution as a rapidly convergent series with easily computed components. Numerical results are obtained by using the calculated components of the decomposition series to illustrate the application of the method. It is discovered that the obtained results are extremely near to the precise solution.

The current research aims to explore the impact of the tower-building strategy on developing positive thinking among first-year middle school students in the subject of mathematics. The research sample consisted of (88) students from the first-year middle school for the academic year 2023-2024. The study employed an experimental design with two equivalent groups. Khanke Boys’ School, affiliated with the Directorate General of Education in Duhok Governorate, was selected. Through random sampling, Group (B) was chosen as the experimental group, taught using the tower-building strategy (comprising 44 students), while Group (A) served as the control group, taught conventionally (also comprising 44 students). The research hypotheses were formulated, and statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups in favor of the experimental group, which had a higher mean score and was taught using the tower-building strategy.

The aim of the current research is to identify the philosophical trends among the teachers of the College of Education and the extent to which the trends are achieved among the teachers of the basic education colleges. Therefore, the researcher used the descriptive method for the research. As for the research community, it consisted of the teachers of the basic education colleges, numbering (150) teachers of both sexes, scientific degrees and precise specializations. As for the research sample, it included (32) teachers of both sexes and from all specializations available in the college departments, at a rate of (20%) of the total research community. In order to achieve the goal, the researcher adopted the research tool (questionnaire) scale (Hamdan, 2022), which consisted of ten areas, namely (the nature of man, the source of knowledge, description of values, the goal of education, the curriculum, teaching methods, the role of the teacher, the role of students, the role of educational means, evaluation) Three paragraphs within each area, each paragraph pertains to a philosophical trend (Islamic pragmatic ideal) distributed to (32) paragraphs, with a total of (10) fields. In order to ensure the validity of the research tool, the researcher presented the research tool, the questionnaire, to a group of arbitrators specialized in teaching methods and philosophical specialization. All paragraphs of the tool were accepted. In order to ensure the application of the questionnaire, the researcher proceeded to conduct an application for a survey sample of (10%) of the research community. After applying the questionnaire, the researcher processed the data with the Cronbach alpha equation and obtained a high and acceptable degree of stability of (90%), which is a high coefficient. After verifying the research tool, the researcher applied it electronically to the sample and obtained data from the sample and processed the data statistically according to the percentage weight law. The results indicated that the teaching staff of the colleges of education have different philosophical trends among themselves and between each field in the scale, as the progressive pragmatic trend prevailed in (8) fields, which are sources of knowledge with a percentage weight of 37%, the goal of education with a percentage weight of 53.1%, the teaching curriculum with a weight of 62.5%, teaching methods with a percentage weight of 84.4%, the role of the teacher with a percentage weight of 71.9%, the role of students with a percentage weight of 71.9%, educational means with a percentage weight of 68.8%, and evaluation with a percentage weight of 75% through the sample’s answers and percentage weights, while the ideal trend prevailed in the field of human nature with a percentage weight of 43.8%, and the Islamic trend prevailed in the field of values with a percentage weight of 46.9% through what the researcher obtained from the answers. The professors themselves, and in light of the results, the researcher recommends applying the scale in Iraqi departments, colleges and universities and benefiting from the paragraphs to determine the extent of the instructor's understanding of himself and the direction he builds. In completion of the current study, the researcher suggested conducting similar studies related to knowing the philosophical trends among university instructors according to (the nature of man, sources of knowledge, philosophical values, the goal of education, the curriculum, teaching methods, the role of the teacher, the role of students, educational means, evaluation)

The aim of the research is to reveal the effectiveness of a program based on the principles of TRIZ theory in teaching biology in developing creative thinking among third-year middle school students. To achieve this goal, the experimental method was adopted from two groups, a control and an experimental group for a sample of 60 male and female students from third-year middle school students (30 male and female students in each group). The creative thinking scale prepared by Shatouh 2018 was applied. The results of the research showed differences between the control and experimental groups on the creative thinking scale in favor of the experimental group due to the use of the proposed program. The researcher recommended applying the program in teaching biology and holding workshops and training courses to train teachers on how to apply the principles of TRIZ theory in biology and other academic subjects.

Many workers and those interested in the field of information technology and artificial intelligence, as well as programmers, are almost unanimous in one thing, which is that it is impossible for an error to occur in artificial intelligence. The software controlling its operation can control everything related to it, and also control all its actions, but we may not agree with this opinion because it is unrealistic, as error is always imagined, and if we believed in their opinion, this study would not be necessary, because there would be no crimes resulting from it. Artificial intelligence, and the problem of examining criminal responsibility for these crimes does not arise. Artificial intelligence crimes are diverse and numerous, and every day a new type and classification of these crimes appears

The European Union is considered one of the strict and hardline actors in the matter of monitoring internal and external financial activities, and the efforts of the European Union and member states have also enabled the dismantling of terrorist cells, but what is noticeable is the presence of funds flowing from Europe under the cover of humanitarian aid and circumventing banking systems. There is a problem facing some European governments that lies in their embrace of the leaders of extremist groups and organizations and allowing them to practice their activities from within Europe, as well as some European countries obtaining investments from countries that are entities that sponsor extremism and terrorism, which makes the security and intelligence authorities turn a blind eye to the financing of terrorist groups and organizations. Therefore, what is most important for the European Union and member states is to rely in particular on what is called financial intelligence and enhance their capabilities with various material and human capabilities in order to conduct investigations and inquiries, and the role of the European Union in imposing the freezing penalty as one of the effective means of combating money laundering and financing of terrorism through specific systems and laws to impose the penalty (freezing financial assets) can be challenged before the European Union through its organs (the European Court of Justice, the European Commission).

The research concerns the supplication of Kamil bin Ziyad, which is considere.is considered one of the well-known and famous supplications among the Shiites and the closest to their souls, and they are very keen to recite it on Friday night and some special nights such as the night of the middle of Sha`ban and others, because of the upbringing it contains. For the soul and lessons in the faith with its sublime meanings affecting the human believer, in addition to strengthening the spirit of servitude and turning to the Creator, the Almighty, with complete reverence. Because the reader of the supplication experiences an unparalleled spiritual atmosphere from the beginning of the supplication until the last thought in it. When tracing the Quranic impact on the supplication of Kumayl (peace be upon him), we found that the Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) has quoted many things from the Holy Qur’an. In fact, this blessed supplication is considered a complete and open encyclopedia. On the Holy Qur’an, the impact was sometimes a word, another time an idea, and the third time the word and the idea shared one subject.

Violent extremism is a global challenge that affects peace, stability and security in various parts of the world. Violent extremism is linked to political, religious or social ideologies, and is the result of interactions between individual, collective and environmental factors. Violent extremism embodies fanaticism for the opinion of its owner and rejection of the opinions of others. Violent extremism is a social phenomenon that has transformed actual practices of violence into terrorism.

The research tagged with (verses of the Zaqqum tree an analytical study), an analytical study to indicate the positions of the Zaqqum tree in the Holy Qur'an, as the study dealt with an accurate statement to describe the Zaqqum tree, and what the infidels eat from the drink after it, and the statement of the meanings of strange words, and the faces of the occasion, and explain the linguistic sciences related to the Qur'an, from the faces of expression, and rhetorical aspects, in addition to clarifying the Qur'anic readings, then the study was followed by a statement of the general meaning of the Qur'anic texts. The study aims to draw the attention of researchers and scholars to the study of the places of the Zaqqum tree analytical, as the research showed that the analytical study is closely related to each art of interpretation

The current research seeks to know the role of total quality management in raising the value of the brand. This is done by surveying the opinions of some of the employees working in the men's clothing factory in Najaf Governorate. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the comprehensive inventory method, and distributed the questionnaire form to all administrative employees working in the factory, whose number is (69) employees in various departments of the factory. After collecting the questionnaire forms, the number of returned questionnaires was (67) questionnaires, and after sorting and reviewing them, the number of questionnaires valid for statistical analysis was (64) questionnaires. The statistical analysis of the research data obtained was carried out using the program (SPSS V.22) . The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that there is a positive and significant effect of total quality management in raising the value of the brand in the men's clothing factory in Najaf under stud.

The current research aimed to reveal the effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to situational learning theory in acquiring grammatical concepts among second-year intermediate students. To achieve the goal of the study, the null hypothesis was chosen; Because it is suitable for the study, the researcher intentionally took Siffin Intermediate School, affiliated with the DhiQar Education Directorate/ Nasiriyah Department, and two classes were chosen. From them randomly, the selection fell on Section (B), as it represented the experimental group, which numbered (31) students who were taught using the situational learning strategy, and Section (C) represented the control group, which numbered (29) students who were taught in the usual way, and it was adopted. The researcher used two approaches: the descriptive approach to designing the proposed strategy and the experimental approach with partial control, as it included two groups, the first experimental and the other control. To know the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, the two groups were equal in several variables, including chronological age, exam scores, intelligence, and the educational attainment of the father and mother. After completing the experiment, which took ten weeks of the second semester, and the required scientific material was determined and the required behavioral objectives were formulated, a test was constructed consisting of: (30) paragraphs, in multiple choice typeIts validity and reliability were confirmed, and to reveal the significance of the differences between the average scores of the two study groups, the researcher adopted the T-test, and then the results were determined by the diligence of the experimental group who studied with the proposed strategy according to the theory of situational learning over the control group who studied in the usual way. Based on this result, the researcher concludes that adopting According strategy Situational learning contributes to strengthening and gaining grammatical concepts among students in general. It is necessary to diversify the teaching methods involved in teaching Arabic grammar, and to emphasize the adoption of a strategy in accordance with the theory of situational learning, and to conduct a study similar to the study of the current research in different academic stages.

The critical discourse in the book is a result through which the researcher's critical visions and efforts can be studied, which will enable us to know the depth of the writer's view and the importance of the subject. The book Nahj al-Balagha is one of the books that formed the constitution of this nation and established its rules. People of language and literature have come to it to draw from its various sciences and approach them through induction and analysis. The critical discourse in the book Al-Khattab fi Nahj al-Balagha by Dr. Al-Omari provides us with the mechanisms of discourse, its patterns and levels, and Dr. Al-Omari presents us through the depth of the argumentative vision in the discourse, the strength of the argument, its statement and its eloquence.

The topic goals to recognize the social dimensions and the extent of the impact of retribution on them in the era of early Islam and the Rightly Guided Caliphate and how to reduce crime and the sense of responsibility of community members towards any negative act they do. This research sheds light on the interest of the Islamic state in the principle of retribution and the basic reasons for retribution that may be religious, social or political. The research focuses on a number of forms of corporal retribution such as retribution by killing, retribution by crucifixion, retribution by stoning, retribution by flogging, retribution by amputation, and retribution by beating, in addition to forms of retribution that some have used despite their unacceptability in Islam such as retribution by castration. We do not believe that this aspect has not been addressed before, but we can say that any addressing of it was indirect, different from the intended time period, or implicit in limited sources.

The research aims to identify self-compassion among students of Al-Qadisiyah University / College of Education according to the variables of academic specialization and academic stage, on a sample of (100) male and female students distributed equally by gender (male - female) and academic specialization (scientific - humanities) and academic stage (second - fourth). After applying the research scale and statistically analyzing the answers, the researcher concluded that there is a high degree of mental and emotional maturity, thus they enjoy a high degree of self-compassion, and there are no differences between the scientific and human specializations. Based on the results reached by the research, the researcher recommends strengthening the components of self-compassion among university students and continuing to practice it during hardships and difficult situations. Self-compassion is used as a therapeutic approach to reduce anxiety, depression and psychological loneliness among university students and help students evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in their personalities and enhance the strengths and kindness of the self when dealing with negative aspects. He suggested conducting further studies. To measure self-compassion according to gender and specialization variables in various samples and under different circumstances, as well as to develop guidance programs that aim to introduce students to the nature of self-compassion and how to deal with difficult situations with balance and an open mind, and to conduct studies on self-compassion and its relationship with body images in males and females.

The study aimed to identify the level of future anxiety among sixth-grade middle school students. The researcher used the descriptive approach. The study was applied to a sample of (400) male and female students from the sixth-grade middle school students, in the Qalaat Sukkar Education Department. The research tool consisted of (42) paragraphs. After verifying its validity and reliability, the scale was applied. The study concluded that the level of future anxiety came with an arithmetic average of (138.65) and that there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the sample members at the level of future anxiety for the gender variable (male-female) and came in favor of males. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences between the arithmetic averages of the sample members at the level of future anxiety for the branch variable (scientific-literary) and in favor of the scientific branch.

Karbala Governorate is one of the governorates famous for growing different types of palm trees, but the geographical distribution of palm groves did not cover the entire area of the governorate, but was limited to the eastern regions and some desert areas depending on wells and springs. The geographical distribution of palm groves in the governorate was highlighted and the most important obstacles that greatly affected the inclusion of all parts in the cultivation of this tree were identified. It is clear that some obstacles are factors that help in the cultivation of date palms, but their lack and insufficiency are an obstacle to the expansion of palm groves. The most important factors were temperatures that exceed what is required by date palms, as well as limited water resources and short streams extending from the Euphrates River towards the center, west, northwest and southwest of the governorate, in addition to soil salinity and high groundwater. The research may consist of two sections. The first dealt with the geographical distribution of palm cultivation in Karbala Governorate and the factors affecting it, while the second section dealt with the obstacles to palm cultivation and date production in Karbala Governorate. The research reached results, including the impact of the water resources network and the lack of Its regularity, as well as the salinity of the soil and groundwater, in addition to the shortage of manpower in palm cultivation, as well as the obstacles to date production, in which climate factors and agricultural pests played a major role in the decline in its productivity

This study aims to show that Edgar Allan Poe's narrators in The Black Cat (1843) and The Tell-Tale Heart (1843), are irrational and unstable despite their claims of being sane. E. Poe's psychological curiosity about insanity defences was displayed in these stories, it tells how narrators in both stories are suffering from mental insanity. The two main characters unwittingly reveal their dementia by revealing the obsessions that lead them to commit murder. These hallucinations and double standards are additional evidence of mental instability. Hopefully, the investigation highlights the deceits and delusions in emphasizing the guilty demands of both insane storytellers, they were mad for different reasons, in both tales, storytellers are irritated by something and choose to murder someone. The two stories are captivated by deceptions and parodies, E.A. Poe proved a willful trickery narrator. Poe’s stories were designed for part banter, and half sarcasm, in addition, his works were greatly influenced by developments in Victorian mental illness treatment and the insanity defence argument. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which was set up at the end of the 19th Century, predates his dedication to human psychological issues by decades. Both criminals were considered crazy and powerless of self-control. Throughout the first story, the narrator explains his killing of a flatmate once having studied him, secretly, for seven days. Despite his feelings for the elderly man, he had no regrets about killing him for the sake of his eye. In the second narrative, the narrator describes his murdered cat, which haunted him, and eventually, caused him to kill his wife because of a little animal as revenge. Both narrators seek to show their normality, but their obsession and hallucinations, unwittingly reveal their irrational and deranged men.

The current research aims to examine the confirmatory factorial structure of Mark Parkinson's Six Personality Types Scales, identify the characteristics of their items, as well as validity and reliability indicators, and examine the forms of data distributions. The research sample consisted of (500) faculty members from the University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2023-2024), selected using the proportional random method according to gender, specialization, and academic title. The current research found that Mark Parkinson's six scales have a confirmatory factorial structure that matches the theoretical assumptions on which the scale was built. The values of item loadings on the latent factor in each scale were high and good, as well as the goodness of fit indicators. The scales also had significant item discrimination indicators using the extreme groups method, as well as good validity and consistency indicators for the items. Face (descriptive) validity, construct validity indicators, and factorial validity of the six scales were verified. Reliability values were calculated using Cronbach's alpha method, and the reliability indicators for the six scales were (0.88, 0.79, 0.77, 0.87, 0.89, 0.83) respectively. Reliability was also calculated using the test-retest method, and the reliability indicator values for the six scales were (0.78, 0.87, 0.81, 0.79, 0.75, 0.83) respectively. The current research also reached a set of results, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.