Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

The study showed a clear effect on the feeding behavior of the last instar nymphs of the American cockroach Periplaneta americana, as the nano-preparation resulting from the treatment of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae with silver nitrate significantly affected the feeding behavior of the insect, as the amount of daily food consumed was less than 0.02 g/insect during the second day of the treatment, while the amount of food consumed was 0.08 g/insect for the treatment of the nano-preparation of zinc oxide on the second day of the treatment, while the amount of food consumed was 0.11 g/insect for the control treatment, and the amount of food consumed decreased on the third day to be 0, 0.02, 0.08 g/insect for the treatment of the nano-preparation of silver nitrate, the nano-preparation of zinc oxide, and the control treatment, respectively, The amount of food consumed ranged between rising and falling during the next six days of treatment. On the tenth day, the amount of food consumed was 0, 0.03, and 0.062 g/insect, respectively. The study also showed the effect of the nano-preparation of silver nitrate on the percentage of adult American cockroaches in the insect body, as the concentrations of 0.125, 0.250, and 0.500 mg/l recorded 67.61%, 66.34%, and 65.48%, respectively, while the control treatment recorded 68.47%. As for the nano-preparation prepared using zinc oxide, the above concentrations were recorded 68.21, 67.87, and 67.58%, respectively, while the control treatment recorded 97%. The study also showed the effect of the nano-preparation of silver nitrate on the concentration of salts in the digestive tract of adult American cockroaches, as the concentrations were recorded as 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/l 92, 85, 73 ppm respectively, while the control treatment was 98 ppm. As for the nano-preparation prepared using zinc oxide, the above concentrations were recorded as 99, 100.33, 102 ppm respectively, while the control treatment was recorded as 97 ppm. The study showed the effect of the nano-preparation of silver nitrate on the pH in the digestive tract of adult American cockroaches, as the concentrations were recorded as 0.125, 0.250, 0.500 mg/l 7.01, 7.08, 7.16 respectively, while the control treatment was recorded as 6.97. As for the nano-preparation prepared using zinc oxide, the above concentrations were recorded as 6.96, 7.09, 7.14 respectively, while the control treatment recorded 6.97

The current study aimed to determine the level of self-knowledge among university students and the significance of the difference in self-knowledge according to the gender variable (males - females). In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher relied on Neisser's theory of self-knowledge. The researcher prepared a self-knowledge scale consisting of 37 paragraphs in its final form. The scale was applied to a sample of 400 male and female students from four universities (Baghdad - Al-Mustansiriya - Technology - Iraqi). The sample was selected randomly. The researcher extracted indicators of validity and reliability using the Cronbach's alpha method for the self-knowledge scale. After collecting the data and processing it statistically, the results appeared as follows: University students had high self-knowledge and there was no statistically significant difference in the gender variable (males - females). To complete the research procedures, the researcher came up with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The leading purposes of this chapter are how to use the concepts (△-open and semi △-open sets) with certain types of functions via α-open sets, such as (△-continuous, △^*-continuous, △^(* *)-continuous, semi △-continuous, semi △^*-continuous, and semi △^(* *)-continuous) functions .We shall characterize the relationships between the previous concepts types that we are going to relate of functions, and the continuity. Moreover, we shall introduce some examples, theorems, remarks, and properties, about these new concepts of functions.

This research represents an analytical study of the journalistic topics published on the electronic websites of Iraqi newspapers that addressed the issues of empowering Iraqi women, based on a content analysis form, using the survey-analytical approach for the research sample represented by the electronic website of the Iraqi newspaper Al-Sabah with (310) journalistic materials. The research found that the topics of (cultural, social, legal, economic, and media) empowerment topped the most prominent journalistic topics on women's empowerment issues published on the same electronic website, and the categories (effects of conflicts and wars on women, male domination, discrimination against women and lack of equality with men) topped as the most prominent obstacles to the process of empowering Iraqi women, in addition to the dominance of (news report, press article, and news) as the most prominent journalistic arts used on the electronic website of the Al-Sabah newspaper, the research sample.

The research dealt with the words of the Commander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, in the book Nahj al-Balagha, which is a selection of his words, peace be upon him, by its author Al-Sharif Al-Radi () and searched for the vocabulary and structures that reveal the Imam's psychological position, and express his feelings clearly without interpretation, or far-fetched possibilities, as it focuses on the speech that reveals psychological feelings, stemming from the linguistic system that determined the form of speech, and specified its paths, as psychological disclosure, and emotional declaration is a method of speech that has linguistic roots that indicate the personality of the author of the speech.

Prof. Dr. Abdul Hadi Farih Al-Qaisi

This study included the preparation and characterization of new ligands and their mononuclear complexes through the reaction of transition elements Fe(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) with macrocyclic ligands consisting of a mixture of beta-enaminone, diamidon-derived Schiff bases and diamine compounds in ethanol solvent. The ligands and complexes were characterized by a number of physical, chemical and spectroscopic techniques including atomic absorption, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), FT-IR spectroscopy, H1-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, molar electrical conductivity, electronic spectra, melting point, magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermal analyses (GTA, DTA, DSC). The results of molar electrical conductivity showed the conductive electrolytic behavior of all complexes at a ratio of (1:2). The measurements showed that the ligand is coordinated in a tetragonal form through the two nitrogen atoms of β-enaminon and the two nitrogen atoms of azomethine, with two water molecules, so that the coordination around each central ion becomes hexagonal with an octahedral geometric shape with the formula [M(L)(H2O)2]Cl2. The biological activity of the ligands and their prepared complexes was studied using the inhibition method and at two concentrations (M 3-10-2,10) for four types of bacteria (negative, positive) and one type of fungi, and the complexes showed a significant effect on these types

The present research aims at identifying the impact of training courses based on human development in improving the professional status of Arabic language teachers. The number of Arabic language teachers and their teachers in the Directorate General of Education in Baghdad / Rasafa III (289) teachers and teachers of Arabic language specialization (148), and (141) Teacher. The researcher has rewarded these numbers in a number of variables. The first tool was an exponential model. The researcher adopted his own criteria of (14) paragraphs. After verifying the veracity of those criteria when presented to a panel of arbitrators and experts, and the statement of correction in two ways. The second tool, the model JICA adopted by the researcher and prepared by himself, consisting of (11) paragraph distributed on sub-substitutions after verifying the validity of his presentation to a committee of arbitrators and experts and verify its stability also in the manner of retesting. After the completion of the procedures of honesty and consistency, the final preparation of the tool, which consisted of (20) paragraphs, the researcher put before each paragraph (2) alternatives after giving the weights of (1-2) were grades (Yes 2, In order to obtain the total score of the scale, the scores obtained by the researcher are collected. Therefore, the highest score is 64 and the lowest score is 32. Teachers point to the field in which it fits, thus providing the scale with stability and truthfulness. Of the application. After the first and second measurements were prepared by human development training models to measure the training needs of the teachers, the researcher applied them to the sample of (40) teachers and teachers of the Arabic language and its teachers in the Directorate General of Baghdad's third Rusafa education for the academic year 2018/2019 during The official time and the process went smoothly without problems. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher used the weighted mean and percentage weight in the processing of data, and to consider the paragraphs that get a weighted mean less than (1) and the percentage weight less than (0,50) paragraphs not achieved, as follows:
• With regard to the first model (ASK model) to help and discover students' hobbies, tendencies and patterns of thinking, the results showed access to the following literature: the creation of the academic atmosphere and change in teaching methods and attract the attention of students and attract the attention of students
• The second model (JICA model), which includes three training elements, is as follows: • More effective plans. The results showed access to the following literature (explaining the role of teaching strategies in solving classroom management problems and helping collaborative learning to integrate students' personality and find and respect alternative viewpoints). Search Results
• Include teacher education programs in general and Arabic language teachers in particular, whether educational, academic or cultural, with the skills, abilities and trends necessary to help them contribute to raising the rates of human development as an urgent community demand.
• Transform development goals into educational goals that are included in all teacher training programs of different specialties.
• enrich the current courses of the training program for teachers of Arabic language with the concepts and skills related to how to raise the rates of human development and contribute to the achievement of educational goals.
• Create new curricula that contribute to raising human development rates and achieving educational goals directly.
• Pay attention to the establishment of more training programs for teachers, and address the various aspects of the educational process.

Fines are one of the important topics that must be studied and clarified in order to show their applications in Islamic financial institutions, due to the difference in dealing with them between conventional banks and Islamic banks, and to see their ruling in accordance with Islamic law in the light of front jurisprudence, and with this research we will address the reality of fines and their jurisprudential adaptation in the light of front jurisprudence and its applications in Islamic banks.

The geographical spread of Christians in Iraqi Kurdistan is linked to the fact that they moved to reside and live in the cities and villages of Kurdistan and to migrate from and to Kurdistan in the period 1921-1992, as the Iraqi minorities that include a homogeneous mixture of religious, national, sectarian and ideological components are one of the features of ancient Iraqi society and a garden at the same time. Christians in Kurdistan in particular, and Iraq in general, repented of their geographical spread in the region before and after the establishment of the Iraqi state and throughout the eras of the Kingdom and the republics, especially since many of them supported and visited the Kurds and Kurdistan in the Kurdish liberation movement between 1921-1992. And these Christian groups in Kurdistan have visions in themselves and their characteristics for themselves, and they have from the researcher's forward-looking visions for their role and issues in the stage of migration, migration and spread in Kurdistan. They are visions that make coexistence in the region a strategic goal for salvation from persecution in the center, as it is certain and constant in the social structure in Iraq that it contains many Of the ethnic and religious components and minorities, many of the factors and influences that the Iraqi lands were exposed to led to drawing a kind of religious, ideological and national diversity, as this diversity led to creating some kind of dilemmas, whether on the social or economic level in general and on the political level in particular, as Ethnic or national pluralism was one of the most prominent events of the modern Iraqi state since 1921. This research was about the geographical spread of Christianity and Christians in Iraqi Kurdistan.

The current research aimed to identify gambling behavior among adults of ages (20-20), (30-39), (40-49), and (50-59) years, as well as the development of gambling behavior among adults of the ages mentioned above.The researcher built a gambling behavior scale consisting of (26) items. The construction of the gambling behavior scale was based on the medical model, as (22) items were formulated according to the model, and (4) items from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, revised fifth edition (DSM5). Reliability was extracted using Cronbach's alpha method, and its value reached (0.82), which is good reliability. The following results were reached: Gambling behavior among the age group (20-29) had a higher level in the relative importance index than the other age groups considered in the current research, followed by the age group (30-39) years in terms of the relative importance index of gambling behavior. For the two age groups (40-49) and (50-59) years, their relative importance index was weak, as the order of the relative importance indices for the gambling items was similar for them. The results of the research also indicated that there is no development in gambling behavior between the age groups (20-29), (30-39), 40-49) and (50-59) years (that is, there is no development in gambling behavior with increasing age) among adults. Interpreting the results according to the adopted model and previous studies

The current research aims to measure teacher enthusiasm among English teachers and to measure listening skill, as well as the correlation between teacher enthusiasm and listening skill. The researcher has built a teacher enthusiasm scale and translated Brownell's listening skill scale, 2011. ). Extract honesty and fortitude for both objects Sen. The two measures were applied to a sample of male and male English teachers. The results showed that English teachers have the enthusiasm of the teacher and also the skill of the The results also resulted in a positive correlation between the teacher's enthusiasm and skill.

Background and objective: Over the past thirty years, there has been a growing amount of reports of cases of superficial and invasive mycoses have triggered by newly discovered species of Candida. Fungal infection is primarily caused by the generation of enzymes that hydrolyze. Protease and phospholipase secretion are two well-known virulence factors of Candida infections. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine if Candida species isolated from oral children with oral Candidiasis can be detected by measuring their in vitro phospholipase and proteinase production.Material and methods; Specimen were taken from 150 kids who had oral candidiasis symptoms which sleeping in AL-Batool Teaching Hospital in Baqubah City. Kids age groups from months to > 2 years provided samples. Macro and microscopical methods were used for diagnosis oral Candidiasis. Chromogenic Agar Candida (CAC) was used to selectively develop the isolates with features characteristic of Candida spp. The synthesis of proteinase was confirmed in a medium comprising bovine serum albumin, whereas the phospholipase reaction was carried out in an egg yolk media. Results; Results of conducted study showed 100 (66.66%) of 150 kids were positive with oral candidiasis than kids without oral candidiasis 50 (33.34%) . Most infected kids were males (72%) with age groups 1-2 years (54%) with . C. albicans scored highest infection in oral kids (69%) followed by C. glabrata (16%), C. krusei (9%), and C. tropicalis (6%) . C. albicans scored highest percentage for phospholipase and proteinase production (92.75% and 85.50%), while C. krusei scored least percentage (55.55% and 22.22%) than another Candida species. Finally, these difference among gender, age groups, Candida species, and production of phospholipase and proteinase were significant (p<0.05).Conclusions; There is a correlation between children's oral candidiasis incidence and compromised immune function. Male children in the 1-2 year age range were the most infected. Because Candida albicans is the most harmful kind of yeast, it had the highest frequency in oral children when compared to other kinds of candida. When it came to the generation of phospholipase and proteinase, Candida albicans received the greatest percentage, next to another species of Candida.

The current research aims to identify: 1- The average academic achievement scores in the Arabic language subject for the female students in the research sample of Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage. 2- The level of cognitive competence of communication among Arabic language teachers in the preparatory stage. 3- The relationship between the cognitive competence of communication among Arabic language teachers and the average achievement of their students. To achieve this, the researcher adopted the scale (MCDOWELL, 2000) which was translated and standardized by (Ghanem, 2007), after adapting it to the current research sample. Thus, the scale in its final form consisted of 30 paragraphs, and in front of each paragraph there are five graded alternatives for the answer: always applies to me, often, sometimes, rarely, never applies to me, and the grades are given: (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) respectively for the paragraphs. It was applied to a sample of Arabic language teachers for the preparatory stage amounting to (60) teachers who were randomly selected from the research community consisting of schools affiliated with the Rusafa Education Directorate (first, second and third).Thus, the scores of their answers on the scale - the research tool - were compared with the average achievement of their students in the Arabic language subject. The results showed that the research sample possessed the cognitive competence for communication, but to a small degree. The results also proved that there was a correlation between the cognitive competence for communication and communication of Arabic language teachers and the achievement of their students. Therefore, the researcher recommended that the Arabic language teacher should pay attention to developing herself by developing her communication skills, and that the Arabic language teacher should know the needs, desires, tendencies and trends of her students and their environment in order to be able to communicate with them and deliver the material correctly to achieve the desired educational and teaching goals.

Given the hostile nature of the research and writings of Orientalists that dealt with Islam, its civilization and heritage, and given the distortion and falsification of many concepts that Islamic thought has suffered, of which Orientalism was one of the main causes, the term Orientalism and Orientalists has become a great sensitivity for everyone who is jealous of his religion. Therefore, Muslims have become aware of the danger of accepting the works of Orientalists and their studies that distort the Islamic religion and belief; Even its concept, this term became a strong aversion, and therefore this issue contributed to pushing Westerners to withdraw the term Orientalism and the Orientalist from their usage and introduce other terms as an alternative to it. Thus, the use of the new term became common since the second half of the twentieth century, especially in the United States of America, where there are many centers for preparing these experts in various fields.

The employee begins the job in which he was initially appointed, and is subject to its provisions and the stipulated controls, and adherence to the laws of the public service. In return, he enjoys a set of rights, whether they are financial rights: the administration is committed not to deprive him of them except in special circumstances stipulated by the law, or non-financial rights: which are expressed as legal rights. However, this functional relationship must come to an end, and among the cases that end the employee’s relationship with his department is his referral to retirement, whether mandatory or voluntary. However, the legislator did not neglect to guarantee the employee’s rights when he is referred to retirement, as he stipulated a set of them, such as the retirement salary, the end-of-service bonus, and six months’ salaries calculated from his vacation balance, and anything in excess of that is added to his retirement service. The legislator did not stop at this point, but rather included even the one who is dismissed based on a disciplinary penalty, as well as the one who leaves the service, and the one who resigns from it. This is what we shed light on through our research, which we divided into two sections, and each section to Two requirements, as the first section included the title: The concept of retirement, and the second section was titled: The rights

The researchers studied the word (choice in the Holy Quran) as their interest was directed towards the Book of Allah because the value and honor of the research comes from the value of its subject. As for the research problem: What we see of the weakness of scientific culture among Muslims today regarding the issues that they must know, even briefly, from Allah’s choice of man in all the affairs of his worldly and afterlife life. The research questions: Is it man who determines his fate by disbelief and belief, obedience and disobedience? And if the whole matter has a beginning and an end from Allah, then why reward and punishment? Is man driven or given a choice? What is the criterion for a person in the matter of his submission and obedience to the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace? The research also aims to collect, study and analyze what pertains to the verses that speak of the word (the best) in the Qur’an and to analyze, interpret and clarify it. The researchers followed the descriptive, objective, inductive approach. As for the most important results that we have confirmed: the word (the best) is mentioned in the Qur’an twice, and that God Almighty has everything in His hand and that no one among creation possesses harm or benefit for himself, but rather everything happens by God’s estimation, management and will. The matter is all up to Him. Whoever God wants to guide, He makes the paths of guidance easy for him. As for the disbeliever, God has written for him that he is among the people of misery. What is required of a Muslim is: submission and obedience to the command of God Almighty and the command of His Messenger, may God bless him and grant him peace.

This work presents novel in situ chemical oxidation polymerization research on the synthesis of pure polyaniline (PANI) and a binary nanocomposite. A greenish-black PANI/NiCo2O4/CeO2 nanocomposite was created using a modified interfacial polymerization process. The nanocomposite was characterized using techniques such powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy. Particle size examination of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) pictures revealed a consistent PANI coating on the NiCo2O4/CeO2 nanocomposite, confirming the composite's nanoscale structure. All of the distinctive vibrational bands of polyaniline as well as extra bands from the spinel metal oxides were detected by Raman spectroscopy. The existence of NiCo2O4/CeO2 was confirmed by XRD analysis, where the metal oxides were indicated by sharper peaks and polyaniline by larger peaks.

The present research aims to:Evaluate the teaching performance of faculty members at the Open Education College in light of professional and life skills. Identify the most prevalent skill among teaching faculty members at the Open Education College. The researcher adopted a descriptive methodology for the current study. The research population consisted of faculty members at the Open Education College, Wasit Center, totaling 96 members for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the research objectives and develop a specialized tool, the researcher reviewed relevant academic studies and identified five key professional and life skills. To measure these skills, 52 indicators were formulated and distributed as follows:
• Skill 1: Flexibility and Adaptability (13 indicators)
• Skill 2: Initiative and Self-Direction (12 indicators)
• Skill 3: Social and Cross-Cultural Interaction (8 indicators)
• Skill 4: Leadership and Responsibility (11 indicators)
• Skill 5: Productivity and Accountability (8 indicators)
The tool was subjected to statistical analysis to ensure its validity and reliability, with data processed using the SPSS software.Objective 1: Evaluate the teaching performance of faculty members at the Open Education College ‎ in light of professional and life skills. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire was administered to 50 faculty members. Responses were collected for each of the five skills. Objective 2: Identify the most prevalent skill among faculty members at the Open Education College. After analyzing the questionnaire indicators for each skill, the mean and standard deviation were calculated to identify the most prevalent skill among the sample. Based on the findings, the researcher reached several conclusions, recommendations, and proposals.

The research project in this thesis include deasphalting of (Qaiyarah heavy crude oil and Kurkuk light crude oil) Using alight paraffin solvent (n-hexane). The residual maltenes were distilled to remove the solvent and the light naptha up to 120°C.
The Maltenes fraction was fractionated via liquid-solid chromatography. The latter operation further achieved through two sequences:
a- Direct liquid-solvent chromatography.
b- A pre-solvent extraction followed by liquid solid chromatography [extrography].
Methyl ethyl ketone was used as a solvent to precipitate the maltene waxes by cooling to (-17°C) in the extrography method.
The part left behind after extraction is called oils which was fractionated by chromatography on Alumina that was activated at (400°C) for (16 h).
The major Sub-fractions were obtained using the following elution sequence:-
-Saturates (S) by n-hexane.
-Aromatics (A) by a mixture of n-hexane and toluene, and
-Polars (P) by a mixture of methanol and methylene di-chloride.
Some spectrometric investigations (IR, UV, NMR) were conducted on sub-fractions in order to throw some light on their nature. The Aromatic content of some of the obtained fractions was determined using a developed spectrophotometric method based on the measurement of the area under the (UV-Vis) spectral curve, and comparison with the absorption spectral curve of a standard mixture of pure aromatic compounds.

The aim of the research is to Identify the effect of interval training on some physical and skill variables between the post-tests of the two research groups.The researcher assumed the hypotheses:Interval training has a positive effect on some physical and skill variables in the post-tests and in favor of the second group.The research sample included (16) players aged (14-16) years, divided into two experimental groups with (8) players for each group. The researcher developed the program and continued for (8) weeks with 3 training units per week.Conclusions:The researcher concluded that the interval training as described in the research1- It has a positive effect on all physical and skill variables in the post-tests when compared to the pre-tests, and was in favor of the first experimental group.Recommendations- The researcher recommends that trainers rely on an interval training schedule when building training programs.2- Trainers rely on the principle of privacy when building training programs according to known training methods.3- Using the interval training program to develop the elements of physical and skill fitness for basketball.4- Adopting new physical and skill variables related to basketball and developing physical and skill work according to the age group under study .

The current research aims to identify the effect of using the flipped classroom strategy on mental capacity among fourth-year preparatory school students in physics. The sample consisted of fourth-year female students, numbering (97) students, and they were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group consisted of (30) and the control group (30). The researcher conducted equivalence in terms of age and mental capacity. The researcher used the mental capacity test - Research objectives: The researcher provided the experimental group students with videos and audio clips to explain the vocabulary of physics so that the student could study it at home and understand the material through it. As for the control group, it studied in the traditional way. At the end of the research, a post-test of mental capacity was conducted on the two groups. The results were collected and statistically analyzed. It was concluded that: There are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the variable Mental capacity and in favor of the experimental group. And I concluded: Teaching using the flipped classroom strategy and what it included in its folds of various educational activities gave a positive role to the student in the educational process, and harmonized with the students' tendencies and the nature of the material, and generated a state of competition and enthusiasm among the students that led to increased classroom interaction. The most important recommendations are to establish training programs and workshops to train faculty members for physics on how to use modern strategies and not to be limited to teaching methods that depend on memorization and indoctrination. The effect of the flipped classroom strategy on students' achievement.

Daar word tans gefokus op die ontwikkeling van 'n nuwe bio nano adsorbent van Fe3O4@inulin nanocomposite. Hierdie doelwit word bereik deur 'n in situ co-precipitation prosedure wat gebruik word om methyl orange (MO) en crystal violet (CV) dyes uit aqueous solutions te adsorb. Different physical characterization analyses confirmed the magnetic nanocomposite fabrication was successful. 'n Verskeidenheid van die aanvanklike dye konsentrasies, die dosering van die adsorbent, die pH en die temperatuur was gebruik om die adsorbent se vermoë om dye te verwyder te assesseer. Die konsentrasies was 5110 mg/L, 0.10.8 g/L, 111 en 283–338 K, respectively. As gevolg van die pH van zero point of charge en die intrinsieke eienskappe van die dyes, was die ideale pHs 5 en 7 vir MO- en CV-adsorption, respectively. In order to choose the best isotherm and kinetics models, the criteria used were the correlation of coefficient (R2) and the reduced chi squared value. Maximum adsorption capacity of 276.26 mg/g for MO and 223.57 mg/g for CV at 338 K was shown by the Langmuir model to be more appropriate for the adsorption data for beide dyes. Asook, in vergelyking met the pseudo first order and Elovich models, the pseudo second order model was more fit for kinetics data. Die endothermic and spontaneous nature of the dye adsorption process was demonstrated by the thermodynamic parameters. The increase in temperature supported the higher adsorption rate. Furthermore, after six consecutive cycles, the nanocomposite demonstrated exceptional capacity and stability, retaining over 87% of its initial dye removal efficiency. Overall, magnetized inulin with Fe3O4 can be an effective adsorbent to get rid of both anionic and cationic dyes from water.

The SARS-Cov-2 virus infects humans and causes a disease that is very variable and unpredictable in severity. A higher susceptibility to infection or exaggerated inflammatory response might be the result of frequent genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a population. SARS-CoV-2 needs the ACE2 protein to enter a cell, and ACE2 controls the renin-angiotensin system. So, ons het die verband tussen 8 SNPs from AGTR1, ACE2 and ACE genes en die ernst van die siekte veroorsaak deur SARS-Cov-2 virus ondersoek. 318 COVID-19 pasiënte (mans 62,6%), who were 59.6–17.3 years of age, were divided according to the severity of their symptoms. These were outpatients (n = 104, 32.7%), hospitalised on the wards (n = 73, 23.0%), ICU (n = 84, 26.4%), and deceased (n = 57, 17.9%). Data wat verband hou met mediese toestande soos diabetes, hypertension, obesity, longsiekte en cancer, is ingesamel om aanpassing te maak. Die genotipeverspreiding van agt gekies SNPs in verskillende sterktegroepe is ondersoek. Results Die erns van die siekte is gekorreleer met vier SNPs in ACE2. Daar is gevind dat rs2074192 en rs1978124 'n protector-effek getoon het, aangesien hulle 'n overdominant model van inheritance aangeneem het (G/A vs. GG-AA, OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.12–0.82; p = 0.016, en A/G vs. AA-GG, OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.14–0.96; p = 0.038). Daar is ook gevind dat rs2106809 en rs2285666 As verwag, het ouderdom (OR = 1,47), manlike geslag (OR = 1,98) en comorbiditeit (OR = 2,52) getoon. increased groter risiko van dood of ICU-opname in vergelyking met 'n minder ernstige outpatient prosedure. Multivariable navorsing het die impak van sekere genotypes (ACE2) op COVID19 se intensiteit getoon (OR: 0.31, OR: 0.37 vir RS2074192 en RS1978124, OR: 2.67, OR: 2.70 vir RS2106809 en RS2285666, respectively). In the hospitalised group for I/D SNP in ACE, there was no Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p <0.05), which may be related to the disease. Multivariable studies het geen verband getoon tussen COVID-19 siekte en verskillende AGTR1 SNPs nie, maar die A/A genotype vir rs5183 het getoon dat pasiente met comorbidities meer geneig is om hospitale te besoek. Conclusions Patients met COVID-19 wat 'n ernstige clinical course en sterftesyfers ervaar, is geassosieer met verskeie genetic variants in ACE2. Independently from other known markers like gender, age, and comorbidities, ACE2 common SNPs in the population might modulate COVID-19 infection severity.

The current research aims to identify (Emotional Awareness and its Relationship to Social Performance among Intermediate School Students). To achieve the objectives of the current study, the researcher adopted the (Ciarrochi, 2011) scale for emotional awareness and relied on the theory of (Golman 2005). Emotional awareness was defined as “the ability to identify, classify and describe one’s feelings.” The researcher translated the scale from English into Arabic after presenting it to an English language expert, and it was linguistically verified after presenting it to an Arabic language expert. The scale consisted of (12) items with declarative phrases and four alternatives: (always - sometimes - rarely - never) and with weights of (4-3-2-1) for the items. Thus, the highest score for the scale is (48) and the lowest score is (12) with a hypothetical average of (30). As for the second tool, the researcher built the scale according to the theory of (Bandura 1986) that it is a process of learning and accomplishing new actions and behaviors through observing others. This includes learning through direct observation of others, through words and images, and through imaginary experiments) and the scale consists of (30) items distributed over three dimensions, which are (social behavior, academic behavior, professional behavior) and (10) items for each dimension of the scale, and with declarative phrases with a five-point scale, which are (always applies to me - often applies to me - sometimes applies to me - rarely applies to me - never applies to me) and with weights (5-4-3-2-1) for the items. The highest score is (150) and the lowest score is (30), so the hypothetical average of the scale is (90). Accordingly, this research aimed to: Identify emotional awareness and social performance among middle school students and the relationship between the variables of emotional awareness and social performance according to gender and academic achievement and the extent to which awareness contributes to social performance according to gender and academic achievement. The researcher relied on the descriptive approach in the current research, and one of its types is the descriptive correlational research approach. It is among the descriptive studies in which the researcher deals with more than one variable. The current research community consists of intermediate school students for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering (251482) male and female students. The gender variable was distributed into (257) male students, constituting (51%), and (243) female students, constituting (49%). The sample has been selected using the "stratified random method", so their number reached (500) male and female students, representing (2%) of the research community. With (281) male students and (219) female students.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the mental imagery strategy in developing spelling performance skills for fifth-grade students and their attitudes toward the subject. The study population was selected from elementary schools under the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Al-Rusafa III for the academic year (2019-2020). The researcher used an experimental approach and purposefully selected a sample from Al-Shibani Primary School for Boys, consisting of 70 students, with 35 students in the experimental group and 35 in the control group. The study focused on Arabic reading material prescribed for fifth-grade students. The researcher prepared lesson plans, behavioral objectives, and a post-test for the experiment. The results of the tests were statistically analyzed using various statistical methods including one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Cronbach’s Alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, Kuder-Richardson formula, and Spearman-Brown formula. The results showed that the experimental group, which was taught using the mental imagery strategy, outperformed the control group, which was taught using traditional methods, in developing spelling performance skills. Based on these findings, the researcher made several recommendations and suggested conducting further studies to continue this research

This study aimed to determine how artificial intelligence contributes to the analysis of big data to understand the ways in which AI is used to analyze massive financial data and how it impacts the improvement of financial decisions. It also explored the effect of artificial intelligence on financial risk management with the goal of analyzing how AI is used to reduce financial risks and enhance risk management strategies. A questionnaire was utilized as a tool to gather the perspectives of the targeted sample. The questionnaire was developed based on previous studies and modified to align with the objectives of this research. The Likert scale, which includes five degrees (ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree), was used to formulate and enhance the questions. Before participation, the research objectives were clearly presented to the participants, allowing them to answer with their consent, and 57 responses were obtained from university faculty members in the departments of finance, banking, business administration, public administration, economics, and accounting in Iraqi universities, and 51 questionnaires were analyzed after excluding 6 incomplete responses. The results of the study revealed the significant role that artificial intelligence plays in improving financial operations and risk management, supporting the literature on the importance of integrating AI in financial fields. It also deepened the theoretical understanding of how artificial intelligence affects the improvement of financial decision accuracy and financial risk management, opening new horizons for scientific research in this field. The study recommended allocating a larger budget for the development and acquisition of AI solutions, including software and systems that enhance the accuracy of financial decisions. It also highlighted the necessity of updating the technological infrastructure to support the latest AI applications.

Bouchra Khalfan is one of the Gulf novelists who, in recent years, has been able to confirm her creative presence thanks to good works of fiction based on identity, reality and monologue, but beyond it to move into the sky of imagination and art and the generation of the cultural follower, because real creativity is not a reflection of reality, Perhaps one of the most important works of fiction that I think they achieved this excess: the novel "Albag," which represents one of the manifestations of eloquence speech realism and combines the depth of experience and honesty of feeling, between the clarity of faith and the bravery of defense, and take forms confused between social concepts and Carry especially creative consciousness.In this novel, the writer provides us with an example of the art of the story, which surprises the reader with the form of the marks in the parallel discourse between the reference and the aesthetic when penetrated by the writer's view in order to reach the depth of the experience in an artistic way that brings together the elements of reality and reveals the contradictions inherent in it.The story of the "Albag" is the most private Gulf novel, because it tries to make the form novelist The arena of conflicts of memory and reality and converted to push the historical memory of the community and highlight, and because it introduces new visions of that memory

This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing the Total Quality Management System ISO 9001:2015 on the performance of the General Company for Food Industries in Baghdad. The research focuses on four key performance areas: productivity, product quality, customer satisfaction and innovation. A survey was conducted targeting managers and engineers within the company. The results indicate a significant and positive impact of the ISO 9001:2015 systemt on all four areas, improve operational efficiency, enhance product quality, increase customer satisfaction, and enhance innovation. These results highlight the importance of continuing and expanding the application of the system across all operations, with an emphasis on ongoing training and sustainable process development. The data provided by the system provides

Through this study, we can see the contribution of Arab and Islamic geographical travel books to the development of geographical sciences in Western and Eastern studies, and they considered them authentic sources for understanding the reality of countries, cities and places. These books also helped them document the daily lives, customs, traditions and cultures of the peoples visited by Arab and Muslim travelers and geographers, and provided important information about trade, its routes and the economic regions that linked the Islamic world to the Western world, in addition to their contribution to creating a bridge between civilizations by presenting different peoples from each other, and provided valuable information to geographers in the Western and Eastern worlds in the field of geography. These books sparked the imagination of readers and encouraged them to explore the world, and they were used as educational curricula in Eastern and Western schools and universities. Orientalists also praised many of the qualities of these books, such as accuracy in description, literary style and scientific spirit, as they were an important part of understanding the scientific heritage.

All nations seek sustainable community security and strive to achieve its goals through dry laws that lack spirit, unlike Islam, which is life, spirit and happiness. Therefore, any desired upbringing that is far from the Book of God Almighty and the Sunnah of His Messenger, peace be upon him, is flawed. Sound upbringing has not and will not be achieved as long as it is far from the law of God Almighty. Islamic education is one of the basic pillars for building a balanced society. It contributes to correcting and refining the individual's behavior in light of Islamic values and principles. It aims to achieve integration in the Muslim's personality, including the spiritual, moral, social and mental aspects, which contributes to building a balanced personality that is aware of its role in society.Therefore, Islamic education shapes the Muslim's identity, starting with raising him on monotheism and belief in God Almighty, passing through commitment to virtuous morals and Islamic etiquette in daily life. It also urges the adoption of values such as honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility and justice, which are essential elements in forming righteous individuals who have a positive influence on their society.Islamic education contributes to promoting sustainable security through several aspects, including: 1- Establishing moral values that teach individuals to respect the rights of others, avoid injustice and corruption, which reduces crimes and attacks, and contributes to social stability. 2- Promoting awareness of social responsibility: Islam urges cooperation and solidarity among members of society, which enhances the sense of belonging and responsibility towards maintaining the security and safety of society. 3. Commitment to Sharia and laws: Islamic education encourages adherence to the laws and Sharia controls that regulate public life, which ensures a stable and cohesive social system. 4. Achieving social justice: Islamic Sharia urges the achievement of justice and equal opportunities, which reduces the causes of social tension and crimes resulting from injustice or poverty. Islamic education plays a pivotal role in shaping the personality of individuals and building a cohesive society capable of maintaining its security and stability. By raising the individual on the correct Islamic values, a society can be achieved that is characterized by sustainable security, where justice and mutual respect prevail, and crime and chaos are reduced.

Seeing God in the afterlife is one of the greatest, most honorable, and most important matters of belief, as it is the goal to which the pilgrims set out, and the competitors compete for it, and the contestants race for it. It is the greatest bliss that God has promised to His faithful servants. The people of Paradise have not been given anything more beloved to them than looking at Him, Blessed and Most High.This important doctrinal issue occupied a large space in the thought of two major Muslim sects: the Ash’aris and the Mu’tazila. The importance of this issue stems from the importance of its subject, as it relates to the Creator, Glory be to Him, and the honor of a thing by the honor of its subject. The study dealt with this important issue, which included the evidence of the sects in full, along with Discussing it in order to reveal the truth in the issue, so my research truly included all aspects of the topic, not just one aspect, nor avoiding what was correct at the expense of a sect or sect.

The role model and good example need to indicate its characteristics and status to a person at its level so that he can discern the fragrance of that great personality and foresee its lofty status and since Ali Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) is the same Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) frankly the Holy Quran and nourished and raised by the greatest Prophet, he was accompanying the Prophet since his childhood and along his purified mission in time and place, that the honorable rhetorical texts that dealt with those high places of the great personality of the Prophet had an impact Centrally in the hearts of Muslims and non-Muslims, Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) was able to use wonderful and great words for persuasion and sentences free of lies and hypocrisy so we see that these speeches have taken a wide field among the different social classes, our research was limited to some of those honorable prophetic shrines, we tried to deduce these (maqamat) from the rhetorical texts of the blessed approach and the statement of the high status of God Almighty for the greatest prophet as well as in the nation in which he was sent and through these shrines The important role adopted by the Holy Prophet in reforming all this world is evident.

This study examines the Rain-Seeking prayer (Salat al-Istisqa) in Egypt during the Mamluk era (648–923 AH / 1250–1517 AD), following a historical methodology and organized into three sections. The first section defines the term "istisqa" both linguistically and terminologically, explaining the reasons for performing the prayer and detailing its rulings and procedures. The second section discusses the practice of the rain-seeking prayer from its inception until the end of the Ayyubid period. The third section focuses on how the rain-seeking prayer was conducted in Egypt during the Mamluk era, primarily due to the decline in the Nile's water levels as a result of drought caused by a lack of rainfall. This phenomenon had significant psychological and economic impacts on both the state and the general populace. The study concludes by highlighting the key findings reached by the researcher.

This study explores the topic concerning the main research question: "What is the public perception of the performance of the National Investment Commission (NIC) among the residents of residential complexes?" Additionally, the study addresses sub-questions such as: What kind of services does the NIC provide? To what extent do the residents of these complexes benefit from these services? What are the distinctive features of the NIC in these residential complexes? The primary objective of the study is to identify the types of services offered by the NIC to the residents of residential complexes in Baghdad, which may contribute to altering their perception. The study also aims to understand how the NIC helps in forming a positive image of the government sector in the construction of residential complexes. This is a descriptive study, and the researcher employed a survey method, which was deemed suitable for the research. The researcher designed a questionnaire comprising a variety of questions aligned with the study's objectives and problem. The questionnaire was organized into several sections, each covering a set of variables that were examined and analyzed to understand public engagement with the topic. The researcher distributed 380 questionnaires across the selected areas, and 360 respondents completed the survey. The remaining forms were excluded due to incomplete answers or errors, with eight containing mistakes, and twelve were omitted from the analysis. The study revealed several key findings, including:The highest percentage of respondents held bachelor's and diploma qualifications, followed by secondary education. This distribution is beneficial as these groups are more capable of forming a perception of the NIC due to their experience and education, which enables them to express their opinions on related issues.Approximately 46.11% of respondents encountered publications, information, or updates from the NIC. The role of the NIC in promoting residential complexes and transparently sharing information can be identified through the facilitation of both direct and indirect communication channels.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between mental awareness and the ability to be psychologically flexible among university students. To verify this, the researcher built a tool to measure mental awareness according to Barrio's point of view. The scale in its final form consisted of (30) paragraphs. The scale of the ability to be psychologically flexible prepared by Alwan 2009 was also adopted, which was based primarily on Guilford's point of view and consists of (64) paragraphs. The validity and reliability of the two tools were verified, and they were applied to a sample of (400) male and female students who were randomly selected from Al-Mustansiriya University students. The results showed that the average of the sample members for the two variables was higher than the hypothetical average, which means that they enjoy a high level of mental awareness and the ability to be psychologically flexible. It also showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the high level of mental awareness and the ability to be psychologically flexible. The researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The research aimed to determine the evaluation of social studies books in the Primary stage for self-education skills (as a whole and in each subject separately) from their point of view, and through their observation in the classroom, as well as to determine the relationship between the results of the questionnaire and the results of the observation card (in the subjects as a whole and in each subject separately). (The number of members of the sample was (25) male and female teachers of Sociologies studies at the Primary stage in the city of Baghdad, and they constitute (35.95%) of the size of the original community. The researcher has prepared a list of sociologies studies according to the self-education skill necessary for social studies teachers in the primary school. The questionnaire form contained three main axes, including the social studies teacher’s content related to the three basic skills for self-education. The research estimates showed that the reality of the performance of male and female teachers of social studies textbooks for the intermediate stages related to self-education was with an arithmetic average of 2.06 out of 3 grades, which is an average grade, while the reality of their performance in the field of professional knowledge was at an average grade with an arithmetic average of 2.1 out of 3 grades, which was confirmed by the test results; their achievement, and that the reality of their performance in the field of professional practice was also moderate, with an arithmetic average of 2.19. The study also came out with a proposal for the performance of studies teachers at the primary level in light of the findings of the results of the evaluation study, in addition to a set of recommendations and proposals, the most important of which are: to adopt Ministry of Education proposed the vision proposed by this study to implement it, as well as intensifying training courses on professional standards for teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in various specializations, especially social studies, and increasing interest in developing the skills and cognitive aspect of social studies teachers.

In this study, a new adsorbent (chemically treated activated carbon) was prepared from a vegetable source of environmental waste, namely pistachio shells, and tetracycline was chosen as a model drug to study the adsorption process. The highest adsorption removal of 98.29% was achieved under optimal conditions (0.05g) of the prepared activated carbon chemically treated for adsorption of 25mg/L tetracycline solution.) at a shaking speed of 100 rpm for the shaking water bath. Thermodynamic functions were calculated for the adsorption of tetracycline on the surface of the prepared chemically treated activated carbon. The analytical method was used to realize the standard calibration curve of tetracycline to calculate the amount of drug adsorbed and remaining in solution and the Beer-Lambert law and using the spectrophotometric method in the ultraviolet region. The thermodynamic functions of the adsorption process (ΔH,ΔG°, ΔS°) are calculated within an experimental range of temperatures ranging from (K338 - 288), the results of the thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption of tetracycline is an endothermic process through positive (ΔH) values with a stabilized concentration and at a range of temperatures used where (ΔG°) values are negative and an indication that the adsorption process is spontaneous in nature and increases spontaneously with increasing temperature with stabilization of concentration and adsorbent, this indicates that physical adsorption is dominant and (ΔS°) values are positive, meaning that there is an increase in randomness (irregularity) in the stages of the adsorption process.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the cause and effect strategy in the achievement of first-year middle school students in the subject of social studies and logical thinking. The sample of the current research was determined by first-year middle school students affiliated with the Third Rusafa Education Schools affiliated with Baghdad Governorate for the academic year (2024-2025). First-year middle school students were selected at Al-Afaq School for Boys) for boys to be its students as a research sample intentionally. Two halls were selected from a total of four halls of first-year middle school students, one of the two groups is experimental and the other is control. The research sample amounted to (33) students, with (17) students in the experimental group, and (16) students in the control group. The researcher rewarded the two research groups in the variables of the intelligence test, chronological age, and logical thinking test. The achievement test was also prepared, as (40) paragraphs were formulated in line with the content of the material and behavioral purposes (cognitive, understanding, application, analysis), and the logical thinking test. A test was prepared by the researcher, which is positive thinking, which consisted of (26) paragraphs. The data were analyzed and processed statistically using the statistical program ( 21.SPSS.V), as the results showed that the students of the experimental group who studied using the cause and effect strategy outperformed the students of the control group who studied using the usual method in the logical thinking test. Based on the results of the research, the researcher recommends the necessity of adopting the cause and effect strategy in teaching the social studies subject because of its positive effect on Increase logical thinking among students, and in order to verify the research objective, the researcher developed the urban.

This study focuses on the main question: To what extent does the Iraqi Ministry of Defense's website utilize coverage of military and security activities? This descriptive research employed a survey-analytical approach to examine the various aspects of the phenomenon. The researcher used content analysis to obtain information by analyzing news content related to the coverage of military and security activities on the Iraqi Ministry of Defense's website. The categories of "what was said" and "how it was said" were used, with a comprehensive analysis conducted over six consecutive months. The research sample consisted of 669 news items, divided into 229 news stories and 240 reports.The results showed that the website primarily focuses on covering domestic security news, military operations, and officials' statements. The coverage varied between simple news, reports, and interviews, with a strong reliance on still and moving images. The study also revealed that the most important sources of information were unspecified sources, followed by reporters and press officers. Humanitarian concerns and the conflict of values dominated the news content.The study concluded that the Ministry of Defense's website provides good coverage of security and military activities, but it can be developed by increasing the diversity of sources, paying attention to the opinions of experts and researchers, and expanding the scope of coverage to include other aspects such as international cooperation and future security challenges.

The current research aimed to find out " the effectiveness of the QR code in mathematics among fifth grade primary students". To achieve this , the researcher chose an experimental design with partial control of the two research groups and rewarded the two research groups in several variations, and the scientific material subject to experimentation was represented in the mathematics book, the first edition of 2019, to be taught to fifth grade students for the academic year, while the research tool was represented by the achievement test prepared by the researchers, consisting of (15) test items of the type of multiple choice and its apparent validity and content were verified, and the experiment lasted a full academic year and the processing of data statistically showed Results The effectiveness of the QR code among fifth grade students .

Health services are considered one of the basic elements in the processes of developing society and the social and economic aspects of any country in the world due to its population because of the role it plays in relation to the health of the individual, and its development represents an indicator for measuring the extent of societies’ progress in the field of social and economic human development, as the development of any country can be measured by... The level of health of the individual among his children resulting from the development of available health services, including health personnel, institutions, and other health capabilities. Therefore, we find countries around the world paying great attention to health services, which is clearly translated by international organizations specialized in this field, which, although their trends differ, serve the human being, who is of the highest value. In terms of the country's resources, those interested in urban and regional studies always prioritize health services over other services, even educational ones, in the order of importance because health services achieve safety for the individual and thus reflect on all his activities. Kuthi is one of the important districts in Babil Governorate, which has a regional role characterized by agriculture. It is an area of population attraction, especially from the neighboring rural areas. Therefore, this requires a high level of services, including health services, which still suffer from a clear deficit in their relative levels of performance in terms of quantity and quality The study found that there is an imbalance in the spatial distribution of health institutions and the staff working in them, a deficit in the number of hospitals and main and subsidiary health centers, a deficit in the number of doctors, and a surplus in dentists and those in nursing and health professions for the year 2023 due to the lack of reliance on planning standards, which led to a decline in the efficiency of health services in The judiciary. The study also addressed the future need for health institutions and medical, health and nursing personnel up to the year.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds above the praise of the thankful, and thanks for his blessings above the thanks of the Hamedin, and the omnipotent above what was and will be, and prayers and peace be upon the best of the chosen for his message, our hopeful intercessor, Abu al-Qasim Muhammad, and on his good and pure family the lamps of the Duja in the darkest night, and on his productive companions and peace be upon him a lot.The Holy Qur'an counted the eternal miracle that God Almighty made the source of Islamic legislation and a constitution for humanity for its goodness and happiness, if it adhered to its laws and worked with its contents and divine teachings, to retain its human instinct and reached its perfection, as God Almighty said: (And this is a book that we sent down Mubarak, so follow him and fear that you may have mercy)(), There is no doubt that it has an effective impact on the lives of all Muslims, revealed by God Almighty to organize the life of the individual and society, and guide creatures to their path of righteousness, through this system, which includes the soul and body, the message of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of God be upon him) confirms the moral values, which dealt with the fullness of creation and honorable, as in his saying: ((but sent to complete the good of morals))

Understanding the international references for accountability and criminal prosecution of war criminals in Gaza and other international crimes represents the first and basic step in embodying and achieving this trend. Therefore, we saw that it is important to clarify the different aspects of the issue. This research comes to contribute to determining the correct direction for all parties regarding the actual prosecution and accountability of the perpetrators of the Israeli war. Israel took the events of October 7, 2023 as a pretext for killing and genocide of children, women and the elderly in the occupied Gaza Strip, amid international silence that prevented taking criminal deterrent steps against the Zionist entity. Hence, the importance of this research appears in its discussion of the individual criminal responsibility of perpetrators of war crimes in Gaza. The research also aimed to shed light in detail on the most important international crimes stipulated in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, which was adopted in Rome on July 17, 1998. By following the descriptive analytical research approach, the research came out with a set of results, including that some of the actions in Gaza are actually being carried out systematically and on a large scale, with knowledge of these practices, and this constitutes a crime against humanity. This is also evident in Israel's forced displacement of the population of the Gaza Strip while refusing to provide safe humanitarian corridors, which is evident in its deliberate subjection to harsh living conditions by imposing a blockade and cutting off all basic necessities of life. Israel bears the burden of destroying it completely or partially. Israel has also refused to provide safe humanitarian corridors protected from attacks, and this refusal is a clear violation of the provisions of Article 59 of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which stipulates that the parties to the conflict must take all possible measures to facilitate matters in all circumstances.

This research aims to:
1. building a proposed strategy based on Firth's contextual theory.
2. learn about the effectiveness of a proposed strategy based on Firth's contextual theory in developing the skills of analyzing literary texts among students of the Arabic language department in the faculties of Education.
The following hypotheses emerged from the research objectives:
1. there is no statistically significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the average scores of the two experimental groups, which are studied according to the proposed strategy according to the contextual theory (Firth) and the control, which was studied by the traditional method in the dimensional test for analyzing literary texts.
2. there is no statistically significant difference at a level of 0.05 between the average scores of the pre-and post-tests of the skills of analyzing literary texts of the experimental group that studied the proposed strategy according to the contextual theory (Firth).
3. there is no effectiveness of the proposed strategy according to the contextual theory (firth) in the development of literary text analysis skills.
To achieve the two objectives of the research and its hypotheses, the researcher followed the procedures of the descriptive curriculum and the experimental curriculum, as the researcher built a proposed strategy based on Firth's contextual theory, in order to identify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in teaching modern Arabic literature, for the fourth stage, the Arabic language department. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control; it is a design for the experimental and control groups with the pre-and post-tests, and the research community consists of students of the fourth stage of the Arabic language departments in the colleges of education, and the researcher randomly selected a sample of (98) students, of the fourth stage students divided into two divisions, at the Faculty of Education /Wasit University with (50) students for the experimental group and(48) students for the control group The researcher rewarded the students of the two research groups in the following variables (language ability, linguistic intelligence, tribal literary text analysis skills test) The duration of the experiment continued in the first semester of the academic year 2022/2023, and at the end of the experiment, the researcher applied Tests, one of which was to measure the development of literary text analysis skills, consisting of(20) objective paragraphs of a multiple-choice typeing skills To find out the amount of impact that the independent variable (the proposed strategy according to Firth's contextual theory) has on the dependent variables literary text analysis skills, creative writing skills, the researcher used the equation(ETA Square ) and found that the size of the effect of the independent variable reached (0,86), which is a high ratio to the size of the impact and a large amount to teach using the proposed strategy in the development of literary text analysis skills, which is very high, and thus rejects the null hypothesis and accepts the alternative, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy according to firth's contextual theory in development of literary text analysis skills .To complete the research, the researcher proposed to conduct a number of studies, including: Conducting a study to determine the impact of the proposed strategy according to the theory of contextualization (Firth) in the development of literary taste skills and creative thinking in the subject of literature and texts among students of the preparatory stage .

News bulletins are the basic material in satellite channels due to their impact on the audience and what is presented for the overall events of the day locally, regionally and internationally. In this research, the subject of government projects and achievements was studied by analyzing the content of a sample of news bulletins for Dijlah and Al-Sharqiya satellite channels using a comprehensive inventory of all news bulletins during the month of June 2024 and identifying what the news bulletins included in terms of news coverage of government projects and the extent of interest in them and the method of dealing with them and presenting them to the public. The researcher reached several results, including:The results showed that the category (information interview) obtained first place with a percentage of (66.67%), in which Dijlah Channel obtained first place with a percentage of (81.2%), and Al-Sharqiya Channel obtained second place with a percentage of (20%). 2. The results showed that the (Economic Achievements) category obtained first place with a percentage of (33.98%), in which Dijlah Channel came in first place with a percentage of (38.85%), and Al-Sharqiya Channel came in second place with a percentage of (23.88%).

In today's business world, strategic financial planning is essential, with contract and capital budgeting playing a central role. While contract budgeting involves preparing a budget for contractual obligations, capital budgeting focuses on long-term evaluation and financing of investments. Integrating both budgets can lead to the development of a comprehensive financial strategy that considers short-term obligations and long-term goals .The research addresses how the integration between contract and capital budgeting can support investment decisions. The research questions aim to determine whether this integration allows for the assessment of investments and how it contributes to achieving strategic objectives. The importance of the study lies in providing a cognitive contribution to budgeting practices and examining the effects of integration on investment decisions.The main goal is to enhance the effectiveness of financial resource management and create an integrated financial system that promotes sustainable growth. The hypotheses include that investment contracts can be assessed using capital budgeting tools and that there is a statistically significant relationship between both types of budgeting and investment decisions.The methodology encompasses both theoretical and practical aspects. The spatial boundaries are limited to the Tourism Authority, while the temporal boundaries cover specific years. The research identifies three main variables: contract budgeting, capital budgeting, and investment decisions, to analyze the relationships among them.

The study began in September 2022 and extended until December 2022. (70) samples of blood serum were collected from athletes in Mosul sport centers, their ages were between (17-40 years). Samples were divided into two groups: One of them is control group and the other is athletes’ group. The study included measuring the biochemical parameters of serum for both groups, which included: estimating the concentrations of glucose, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, Tri glyceraldehyde (TG), total protein (TP), albumin, total bilirubin, the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) enzymes, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) concentrations. The study showed that there was a significant decreased in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, TG, TP, albumin, Na, Cl, and in the activities of AST and ALT, while there was a significant increase in the concentration of urea, uric acid, total bilirubin, K, and in the activity of CK enzyme. The concentrations of Mg and Ca gave a non-significant change in athletes group in compared with control group.

The research aimed to measure the impact of administrative and production factors on the volume of local production in the General Company for Food Products. The research data was collected by adopting open-ended questions and personal interviews, in addition to a checklist. It was distributed to a sample of (88) respondents from officials and specialized employees in the company. The method was used Descriptive and analytical to reach results that achieve the research objectives, after analyzing the responses of the respondents and testing the research hypothesis using a number of statistical indicators with the help of the statistical program (SPSS). The research results showed the existence of a correlation and influence between administrative and production factors and the volume of local production and the level of quality. The most important recommendations focus on It is imperative to address the fundamental problem of government neglect of the Iraqi industry and raise the technological level and improve the Iraqi product by supporting continuous research and development operations to address the real problems of the product.

This study deals with the related issues of this topic, which had a main question: (What is the impact of the work environment on the communicator in the media and government communication offices?) and other sub-questions including: What are the roles that the communicator takes in the media and government communication offices? What are the methods followed in dealing with the senior management with the communicator in the media and government communication offices? What are the most prominent points of weakness and strength that affect the performance of the communicator in the media and government communication offices? The study aims primarily to know the impact of the work environment on the communicator in the media and government communication offices, as well as to investigate the methods used in dealing with the senior management with the communicator in the media and communication offices. This research is considered as descriptive. The researcher used the survey method, which is the most appropriate method for this research, as it is concerned with the methods, procedures and tools related to the factors affecting the communicator, through a descriptive study during which the researcher used the questionnaire and scale tools. The researcher made the questionnaire including a number of diverse questions according to the study objectives and problem. The questionnaire included a number of axes, each of which includes a set of variables that were discovered and processed, which expose the public to the research topic. The researcher distributed (250) questionnaires to the respondents who were intentionally selected from those in charge of communication working in the media and government communication offices in state institutions in Baghdad. The number of respondents to the distributed questionnaire was (233), and the rest were neglected for several reasons, most notably for incomplete answers to the questionnaire or errors that marred filling out the questionnaire.
The researcher came out to a number of results, the most important of which are:
1. The results of the study showed that the majority of respondents agreed that the communicator’s knowledge of the organization’s regulations and laws contributes to improving performance.
2. The results of the study revealed that the art of news topped all other journalistic arts in the journalistic arts most used in the media and government communication offices.
3. There is a significant contribution of digital journalistic arts (graphics and video motion) in developing the work of the media and government and communication offices.

Security services are considered one of the most important basic elements for achieving social and economic stability in cities and urban areas. Security depends largely on the efficiency of distributing police stations, as the locations of these stations affect the speed of response to incidents, the comprehensiveness of security coverage, and the extent to which residents feel safe. This research aims to analyze the efficiency of distributing police stations in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate and evaluate the extent to which these stations meet the current and future increasing security needs in light of the continuous urban growth. Al-Qadisiyah Governorate has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of residents in recent years. This increase has a major role in putting pressure on the services and activities provided to residents in the governorate and in terms of security services, the population must increase the volume of public services in general and security services in particular in order to meet the population's need for these services. The study aimed to show the spatial distribution of security services from police stations and policemen and to show the extent of their efficiency and the deficit and future needs of security services. Therefore, national standards were relied upon to achieve fair distribution of security services in order to achieve security and safety of residents and to ensure fair distribution of services.

The administration of US President Bush sought to activate the role of the presidency in making the war decision, by requesting authorization and approval from Congress to follow specific political patterns that influence the legislative institution towards issuing the war decision. The role played by these institutions is not a simple matter, as it resulted in major political and economic dimensions, which were revealed after it became clear that there are other parties that have their own policies and agendas in the war decision-making process, including interest groups, multinational companies, the media, and think tanks and research centers. The war decision-making process in the United States goes through a series of official and unofficial procedures through multiple channels and institutions in which each participates according to his specialty. From the above, it becomes clear that there is no single party in the United States that enjoys absolute powers in making the war decision.

This study was prepared to demonstrate the role of diversification of banking services in the profitability of private Iraqi Islamic banks, and to identify the motives behind the transformation of banks from low levels of diversification or those that tend to specialize in providing their services to banks with high levels of diversification. The problem of the study was embodied in the role of diversification of banking services in the profitability of private Iraqi Islamic banks, to find out whether there is diversification of banking services followed by the banks in the study sample. The importance of this study is highlighted by the possibility of benefiting from it as a cognitive and applied guide, both through the conceptual review as well as the conclusions and recommendations that emerged from it for bank managers. The Iraqi Islamic Bank and all the competent authorities in supervising the banking sector and investors in the shares of those banks. The researcher also reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is: The higher the level of diversification of banks in the services they provide to their customers, the higher the net profit and other profitability indicators. In conclusion, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: the need for banks to raise their level of diversification in banking services, because of this important role in the profitability of commercial banks, as diversification contributed to the entry of banks into some new business areas and thus increased their ability to compete and improve profitability.

The place in the novel is an effective element that the writer relies on to draw his fictional world in all its forms and enhances the meaning through it and clarifies it in the mind of the recipient; as the place is not a negative or innocent given, it implicitly carries the morals and awareness of its inhabitants, as the inhabitant is the dwelling, according to the expression of (Gaston Bachelard), and it represents a vessel that carries psychological, social and intellectual contents and connotations, and the artistry of the novel is measured by the way it builds the place and the way it describes it and takes into account the diversity of its patterns.

The constitutional judiciary, whether represented by courts or constitutional councils, according to the countries’ designations, is one of the most important judicial bodies if we look at the importance of the powers entrusted to it, foremost of which is judicial oversight of the constitutionality of laws and regulations, as it is the first guarantor of preserving the principle of the supremacy of the constitution, which is considered the most important principlesi. From an objective standpoint, the constitutional judiciary’s primary mission is to settle constitutional disputes regardless of the nature of the body in charge of it, whether it is a court or a completely non-judicial body. Therefore, the description of the constitutional judiciary applies to constitutional courts, such as the Supreme Court in the United States of America. As for the Federal Supreme Court in Iraq, the same meaning applies to constitutional councils, such as the French Constitutional Council and the Lebanese Constitutional Council. Consideration is directed to jurisdiction in adjudicating constitutional matters. In view of the importance of the constitutional judiciary, the constitutions have given importance to the issue of the members of these bodies in terms of the quality of the members, the mechanism of their selection, and their competencies, and from here comes the importance of our research on this topic.

The concept of this art and its study represents standing on the mechanism of artistic and deductive intuition that links artistic aesthetics to its psychological and objective equivalent that excites the recipient, so we are wrong when we consider Al-Badi' and its branches, including contrast, a study of the aesthetics of texts9, and we chose the Diwan of Ibn Khatima Al-Ansari as an applied model to study this phenomenon because of our knowledge of this literary style, and highlighting its importance in the contexts in which it appears, as contrast is the difference between one word and its opposite.

The issue of man has been and continues to be the focus of attention of many modern academic studies، as these studies have produced quite a few results that have given a clear vision of the view on the importance of man and his pivotal place in this universe on various cultures and religions. Therefore، the recent focus on humanism has been a necessity. It is necessary to improve the reality of humanity، especially the events taking place on the human scene today that push the world towards inhumanity، towards tendencies، hatred and racial fanaticism، and because the Islamic religion is based on honoring the human being.، God Almighty has honored all of humanity with the grace of Muhammad and his family (peace be upon them). Anyone who meditates on their noble hadiths will find them a call to tolerance، peace، justice and freedom، support for the oppressed of the weak، dialogue with others، and a call for openness to other cultures and equal opportunities. Therefore، this research seeks to Shedding light on these and other human aspects in the hadiths of Imam Muhammad al-Jawad (peace be upon him) in art and subject matter، and highlighting their fruits in an artistic style that convinces and influences the reader.

The role model and good example need to indicate its characteristics and status to a person at its level so that he can discern the fragrance of that great personality and foresee its lofty status and since Ali Commander of the Faithful (peace be upon him) is the same Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) frankly the Holy Quran and nourished and raised by the greatest Prophet, he was accompanying the Prophet since his childhood and along his purified mission in time and place, that the honorable rhetorical texts that dealt with those high places of the great personality of the Prophet had an impact Centrally in the hearts of Muslims and non-Muslims, Ali bin Abi Talib (peace be upon him) was able to use wonderful and great words for persuasion and sentences free of lies and hypocrisy so we see that these speeches have taken a wide field among the different social classes, our research was limited to some of those honorable prophetic shrines, we tried to deduce these (maqamat) from the rhetorical texts of the blessed approach and the statement of the high status of God Almighty for the greatest prophet as well as in the nation in which he was sent and through these shrines The important role adopted by the Holy Prophet in reforming all this world is evident.

The press had a special importance in its distinguished role in the history of Iraq, which witnessed many important transformations that contributed to the formation of the intellectual trends of the people, in addition to its importance to the researcher because it was contemporary to the event in time and place. During that period, Iraqi newspapers indicated the importance of agriculture in the brigade, as the Diwaniyah Brigade was distinguished by being one of the agricultural areas, and agriculture represented the mainstay of its economy. The geographical location of the brigade and the nature of its decoration had a clear impact on the diversity of winter crops such as wheat and barley, as winter crops such as wheat and barley were grown in the brigade, and they are considered first-class crops. As for summer crops, rice cultivation occupied an advanced position among the brigades of the Middle Euphrates, in addition to the cultivation of other crops such as fruits, vegetables and dates. Agriculture during that period was exposed to many problems such as agricultural pests and floods that destroyed large areas of the brigade’s farms. Despite the many methods followed by the government to eliminate these problems, it remained a clear indication. As for irrigation in the brigade, it was the basis on which the agricultural economy there was based, so the Iraqi government paid attention to irrigation and allocated the necessary funds for irrigation projects and established many Dams and regulators to raise water levels.

The Grand Safavid Mosque, one of the most ancient, most beautiful and extensive heritage mosques in Iraq, is located in the middle of the threshold of Imams Musa bin Jaafar al-Kadhim and Muhammad bin Ali al-Jawad (peace be upon them) in the city of Kadhimiya, the heart of the Iraqi religious capital, Baghdad, the Safavid Mosque, which is called today the “Jawadin Mosque,” was built during the era of Safavid rule over Iran and was expanded during the reign of Shah Ismail al-Safavi in the year 914 AH (1509 AD) after his visit to Hazrat al-Kadhimiya in the year 929 AH (1522 AD). The mosque is of great importance in terms of the history of its construction and architecture. Its geographical location is adjacent to the shrine of the two Imams Al-Kadhim (peace be upon them) The role that the mosque played in the political events of the Islamic world since the beginning of the twentieth century, and the events of Iraq and Iran, especially before and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution in 1979 AD, increased in importance, since the legitimate accession of the great religious authority Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi al-Khalisi (1862 - 1925 AD) in the late nineteenth century AD. Until his exile to Iran by the British colonialists in 1924 AD and his martyrdom there, then the leadership of his son, the authority Sheikh Muhammad al-Khalisi (1891-1963 AD) between the years 1949-1963 AD after his return from Iran to Iraq, Then his grandson, Sheikh Muhammad Mahdi Al-Khalisi (1939 AD - ...) took over from 1963 AD until today. The role of the mosque in resisting the British occupiers (1914 AD) and the Americans (2003 AD), jihad, calling for Islamic unity, and supporting the Islamic Revolution in Iran, and international figures were discussed. Who visited the mosque and prayed thereThe research deals with the history of the Safavid Mosque’s architecture and architecture, its role, the political and social role of its imams, and the ties of the relationship with Imam Khomeini and Iran, supported by secret historical and official documents, according to the historical, research and field methodology resulting from the researcher’s continued presence in the mosque.

The aim of the current research is to identify health beliefs and their relationship to health prevention among students of the Department of Life Sciences among undergraduate students in the Department of Life Sciences (2023--2024), from whom )200) students were selected, and to achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher prepared two tools, the first of which was an information test (health prevention) with (30) paragraphs with four alternatives, the validity and reliability of which were verified, as for the second tool, the researcher adopted a scale for health beliefs prepared by the researcher (Juma, 2022) after reviewing previous studies and expert opinions, the scopes of the scale were determined based on the theoretical definition of (29) paragraphs that included three areas (normative beliefs 10 paragraphs - behavioral 9 paragraphs - control 10), and after extracting the psychometric properties of all paragraphs of the scale, the two research tools were applied to the sample The results concluded that the research sample enjoyed a good level of health beliefs, and that it possessed health prevention, in addition to the existence of a relationship (harmony) and a connection between health beliefs and health prevention. In light of this, the researcher came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The poet Kaab bin Malik was able to put his poetic ability with all the methods, arts, meanings and words within the images of the scene, embodying the reality of a living, and be an accurate carrier of that era of time, which accompanied the poet with all its events, whether he was a participant or a speaker about it, so his poetic texts came to reveal what she lived that self and what she felt by mediating scenic images, expressed the extent of the great impact that those scenes had in the same poet, It made it come out with that expressive result, as his scene depiction created a kind of pulling the recipient to the text and making the pictorial adaptation of those events the most influential means in it

Amazement, as a psychological and human state between religious studies and analytical psychology. Amazement is viewed from the perspective of the Holy Qur’an as a spiritual experience related to awareness of the greatness of creation and God’s creativity. Amazement is manifested in the Qur’an in contexts that call on man to contemplate and reflect on the universe and existence, and it prompts the individual to realize the limitations of his human knowledge and raise his questions about the secrets of the universe. Such experiences stimulate deep thinking and direct man towards faith in God.In analytical psychology, amazement is viewed as a deep psychological reaction that is generated when an individual encounters something unexpected or unfamiliar. This feeling may be linked to childhood experiences or unconscious memory, as amazement represents a process of new discovery. According to Freudian psychoanalysis, amazement can be the result of a clash between consciousness and the unknown, causing a state of confusion or curiosity that stimulates psychological growth. From the Qur’anic perspective, amazement leads to openness to spiritual dimensions and belief in the unseen, while analytical psychology interprets it as a psychological mechanism necessary for personal growth and adaptation to reality.

Talking about the poetic discourse of the poet Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab is talking about his reality and society, which was reflected in his poetry, He worked on a deep social analysis of society and depicted it realistically with its life facts, which the poet was able to perceive with his penetrating insight and the strength of his impression , He brilliantly depicted the most important situations that influenced his life and the formation of his personality, in addition to depicting the painful reality of his country and the prosperous future he dreamed of in which it would be free and independent

This research is concerned with the subject of the Iraqi public’s exposure to historical television series and the resulting knowledge of historical topics that it has through a field study of a sample of the Iraqi public. The research aims to reveal aspects of historical knowledge resulting from the Iraqi public’s exposure to historical series. The research sample consisted of 430 individuals. From the public of the city of Baghdad, the research adopted a survey approach to collect data from the respondents by designing a questionnaire and a scientific scale to determine aspects of the public’s historical knowledge. The research concluded Identifying the patterns and causes of the Iraqi public’s exposure to historical television series. Knowing the extent of the public’s confidence in the historical information contained in the series, and whether it considers it a source of historical knowledge. Identifying aspects of historical knowledge resulting from the audience’s exposure to historical television series. Proving the correlation between the audience’s exposure to historical series and increasing their historical knowledge.

The Mu'tazila sect received the attention of historians and thinkers. An attention that no other Islamic group has received. Many studies and researches have appeared that chronicled the Mu'tazila sect, and they differed as to the reason for its emergence, its name, and the place and date of the appearance of that sect. Many of the early people who chronicled the Mu'tazila sect were from outside the Mu'tazila sect. Indeed, most of them were enemies of that sect, so their books included criticism and slander of the Mu'tazila ideas, and this led to this. To not understand And knowing the visions and ideas of the Mu’tazila. In the modern era, many thinkers, especially the studies of the Orientalists and the Arab thinkers who came after them, came to uncover the ambiguity that the ancients had created by the opponents and enemies of the Mu’tazila about their ideas. They drew a clear picture of its most important ideas and what was distinguished by its reliance on reason, which represented the beginning of philosophical thinking in Islamic history, giving it priority in interpreting Islamic doctrines, and their statement about the freedom of human administration and the social freedom that results from that. They also played a major role in their response to the followers of tradition in rejecting the mythical and superstitious interpretation of the Qur’an and the Sunnah. The sheikhs of the Mu’tazila were men of jurisprudence and scholars of language and theology, and their study of logic and philosophy enabled them to possess the literature of debate and to respond to the non-Muslim owners of beekeeping, which represented an intellectual enemy of Islam, as well as their great role.In the reality of intellectual and political life in Islamic history and their undertaking the task of defending Islamic beliefs against the sects that were widespread in their time, and what increased their strength and influence was the entry of the Abbasid caliphs - Al-Ma'mun, Al-Mu'tasim and Al-Wathiq - into seclusion and supporting their ideas. We try to present the history of the emergence of that group, explain its origins, and introduce its most important names.

This is a research titled "Interpretive Evidences from the Poetry and Prose of Banu Sulaym: A Linguistic Study". In it, I aimed to collect interpretive evidences from the poetry of this Qaysi Mudar tribe and study them linguistically. I exerted my utmost effort to gather and trace these evidences from the foundational books of Quranic interpretation of various types. I examined their indices and utilized modern research tools to achieve this goal. From these sources, I extracted the poetry and sayings of Banu Sulaym that interpreters cited in their works to explain the meanings of the Quran, analyze its structures, clarify its linguistic intricacies, elucidate its stylistic features, and justify its variant readings. I studied these evidences linguistically, providing analysis, preference, reasoning, and documentation. From them, I derived certain linguistic phenomena attributed to Banu Sulaym, which I did not find addressed in contemporary studies on their language. This research also established certain linguistic phenomena that remain alive today, such as the phenomenon of stopping at the nūn al-wiqāyah and omitting the possessive yāʾ as attested by Yūnus ibn Ḥabīb in their speech, as well as the breaking of the hamzah in ayyān in the reading of Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sulamī, attributing these phenomena to Banu Sulaym both historically and in modern times. The interpretive evidences from the poetry and prose of Banu Sulaym exceeded forty instances, with ʿAbbās ibn Mirdās and Al-Khansāʾ accounting for the majority. Among linguists, Al-Farrāʾ was responsible for the most reports about the linguistic phenomena of Banu Sulaym. The research revealed the scarcity of linguistic phenomena unique to Banu Sulaym that deviate from the broader norms of the Arabs. Consequently, their evidences were fewer in comparison to those of other tribes such as Tamīm and Hudhayl. The rare and anomalous aspects of their language are minimal, similar to the language of Quraysh. Some of the evidences were uniquely cited in books of Quranic interpretation, whether for explaining obscure terms or justifying variant readings. This highlights the significance of these evidences to the interpreters and the strength of the language of their speakers.