Sport culture

The research aims to :
- Preparing various competitive exercises and determining the extent of their impact on some physical variables for handball players under the age of (19) years.
The researcher assumed :
- There are significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in some physical variables for handball players under 19 years of age, in favor of the post-tests.
The researcher used the experimental method with the design of the experimental and control groups, and the researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) to process the data. ‏
The researcher concluded the following :
The competitive exercises prepared by the researcher and applied to the experimental group showed great effectiveness and a clear effect on the physical variables under study.
The researcher recommends the following :
- Using competitive exercises to develop the physical variables in handball in particular and other team sports in general. ‏

The research aimed to prepare multi-joint exercises associated with skill performance on developing certain physical qualities and their relationship to the performance accuracy of the sky ball serve" Star Trek" skill in volleyball, rather than the impact of using the multi-joint exercises associated with skill performance on developing explosive capacity and strength characterized by speed and fitness and their relationship to the performance accuracy of the sky ball serve" Star Trek" skill in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental approach with the "two equivalent groups" technique. The community research was selected from the players of El-Balaad Sports Club for the professional Spikers for the season 2018-2019. According to the results, the researchers figured out the following conclusions:
1-There are significant differences between the post- tests for favor of the experimental group.
2-Developing the physical qualities has a positive impact on developing the star trek skill accuracy in volley ball.

This study aims to:
- Construct a test to measure the dribbling prolongation for advanced soccer players .
- Identify the level of the dribbling prolongation for advanced football players of Nineveh Governorate clubs .
- Finding grades and standard levels for the dribbling prolongation test for the advanced football players of Nineveh Governorate clubs .
As for the research procedures, the researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the research sample consisted of (150) players representing the clubs of (Mosul, Al-Hadbaa, Al-Baladiya, Al-Amwaj, Nineveh Workers, Rabia) in Nineveh Governorate, The researcher used the arithmetic mean, standard diviation, coefficient of variation, percentage, simple correlation coefficient, and test Chi-square and standardized score (six-sigma) were used as statistical means.
The researcher reached the following conclusions :
- It was reached to Construct a test to measure the dribbling prolongation for advanced soccer players.
- Scores and standard levels were reached for the players of Nineveh football clubs who applied for the dribbling prolongation test .

The aim of the study was:
Preparing exercises with different resistances using the neural window in some special physical abilities for the stages of performing a 100-meter run for young women. Identifying the rates of development in the level of special physical abilities for the stages of performing a 100-meter run for young women. The researchers used the experimental method in the manner of one group with a pre- and post-test, as the research community was represented by clubs. Kirkuk Governorate for Youth Athletics Clubs, numbering (6) clubs, as shown in the table below. The researcher chose the experimental group in a deliberate manner from the North Oil Club players for the young women’s category for the 2022/2023 sports season, and they numbered (6) players. They were divided by lottery into two experimental groups, with (3) female players for each group, who represent (35.294%) of the research community. The researchers reached the following conclusions:
• The use of different resistances in the nerve window had a clear impact on developing the body’s muscles, which was reflected in the development of some of the experimental group’s special physical abilities.

The study aimed to:
Adapting a measure of psychological quality of life for female futsal football club players.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research community consisted of the female futsal football club players in the Iraqi Kurdistan League for the applicants participating in the Premier League competitions for the sports season (2020-2021 AD), and their number was (144) players distributed among (10) clubs. The researchers used tools to collect The data was made using the psychological quality of life scale prepared by (Mona Mokhtar Al-Mursi Abdel Aziz, 2011), and the researchers processed the data obtained through a number of statistical methods and by means of the statistical package (SPSS).
The researchers reached the following most important conclusions:
- The research sample was characterized by a good level in the psychological quality of life of the female futsal players.
The researchers recommend the following:
The necessity of using the psychological quality of life scale prepared by the researcher to assess the level of female futsal players.
1- Conducting studies similar to the current study and other sports activities.

The aim of the research is to:
Building an evaluation system for the motor abilities of students of grades (1, 2, 3) of slow learning through :
- Identifying the most important components of the motor abilities of slow learners.
- Finding the grades and standard levels of motor abilities tests for students of grades (1, 2, 3) of primary slow learning.
The researchers adopted the descriptive survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem, and the research community was determined by students grades (1, 2, 3) slow learning in primary schools in the city of Kirkuk, which numbered (10) schools in the city of Kirkuk, as the research community consisted of (243) students and the samples were divided into a sample of exploratory experiment and a sample of scientific foundations and a sample of rationing, and then the researchers carried out rationing procedures for motor abilities tests and then they processed the data they reached by a number of statistical means and through the program Statistician SPSS,23.
The researchers reached a number of conclusions, including:
- The ability to provide motor abilities tests for students of grades (1, 2, 3) primary slow learning.
- The performance of slow-learning grade (1, 2, 3) primary pupils can be assessed by means of standardized scores specific to each test.
The possibility of knowing the level of slow learning students in motor abilities according to tests that suit their capabilities and the findings of the research.
The researchers recommend a number of recommendations, namely:
- The use of standardized tests reached by the research in assessing the level of students grades (1, 2, 3) primary slow learners.
- Developing the level of slow learners in sports activities and trying to involve them with the normal to reduce the differences between them.

The research aims to identify:
1- Designing a test to measure the movement compatibility of the eye and the leg for the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Samarra University.
2- Codification (setting scores and standard levels) for the results of the motor compatibility test for the eye and the leg for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Samarra University.
The researchers reached the some following conclusions:
1- A test to measure the movement compatibility of the eye and the leg for the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
2- There is a discrepancy in the standard levels of the research sample.

In order to reach peak performance in any sport activity require preparations in terms of (physical, skills, plans, mentality and psychology) accordingly with the nature of the activity require scientific planning. Javelin throw is not beyond these preparations whereas power and flexibility contribute significantly in reaching peak level and advanced results. Power assists in throwing for further horizontal distance possible and flexibility in economy of performance energy. The researcher used descriptive correlational method on a sample of (15) male students of fourth grade whom intentionally selected, following test selection, experiment application, data collection and analyzing though the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) the researcher concluded the there is a significant relationship between vertebral column flexibility and speed power of limbs with javelin throw achievement.

The research aimed to identify the methods of leadership behavior and crisis management among coaches of Diyala Governorate football clubs, and to identify the nature of the relationship between leadership behavior methods and crisis management among coaches of Diyala Governorate football clubs. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the style of correlational relationships as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research population was chosen intentionally, and they are the coaches of the Diyala Governorate football clubs. As for the research sample, they were chosen randomly by lottery, and they are the clubs (Diyala, Baladruz, and the Martyr Arkan (Kanaan)) from the number of coaches (12) and divided into (4 coaches for the club). Diyala Sports Club, 4 trainers, Baladroz Sports Club, 4 coaches, Martyr Arkan Sports Club (Kanaan))
Through the results that emerged, the researcher concluded that the coaches of Diyala Governorate football clubs enjoy a good and positive level and a high degree of leadership behavior and crisis management, in addition to the existence of a moral correlation between the leadership behavior of football coaches in Diyala Governorate and sports crisis management, and through the above The researcher concludes that it is necessary to involve coaches in special courses in leadership behavior in sports crisis management to improve their performance during crises, emphasizing attention to the elements of the administrative process and making them a priority for administrative work, as they are the pillar of success in sports clubs.

This investigation attempts to determine the degree to which emotional excitement and tennis player motivation is present in tennis players from tennis clubs in the Erbil Governorate. Additionally, the investigation intended to determine the association between emotional excitement and the desire to achieveletic success in tennis. The researcher used the descriptive approach in the manner relations, which is appropriate to the nature of the research. The investigation's sample included 15 tennis players from clubs in Erbil's governorate for the duration of 2023-1404. The data was collected using two metrics: emotional arousal and athletic goal motivation. The gathered data was then evaluated using various statistical methods such as percentages, means, standard deviation, correlation coefficients, and one-sample t-tests.
The findings of the study demonstrated that the players of Erbil and Al-Qalaa clubs had a lower degree of emotional excitement, as evidenced by the comparison of their average values to the default average on the scale. Additionally, players from other organizations have a lower degree of emotional excitement when their average values differ from the average. It is important to note that the hypotheses associated with the scale showed a significant relationship between emotional excitement and the desire to win in sports among players of Erbil and Al-Qalaa clubs. On the other hand, no significant differences in emotional arousal were observed between players from different clubs in regards to sporting achievement motivation.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the cognitive acceleration strategy in learning some basic skills in futsal football. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups with pre- and post-tests. The researchers reached a number of conclusions, as there is a good positive effect of the cognitive acceleration strategy in (learning the skills of handling accuracy. Roll suppression), and that the steps that were followed according to the cognitive acceleration strategy had a distinctive role in adding knowledge and providing an educational environment for the learner that made him advance in performing the selected skills, and there is a positive effect of the cognitive acceleration strategy in the futsal lesson for the experimental group better than the control group that used the method. followed in lateral thinking, legal knowledge, and learning some skills in futsal. The researchers recommended attention to using strategies that make the learner a primary focus in the educational process. Modern methods must be introduced that contribute to increasing students’ desire to learn skills in futsal, and an environment must be available that contributes to interaction. Students and involve them all in activities that increase their performance and develop their scientific thinking.

The research aims to build a measure of psychological presence among students of colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences and to identify the differences in psychological presence among students in colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The researchers assumed the following: There is no significant correlation in the psychological presence of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researchers relied on the descriptive approach in the survey methods and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the research and included the research community in an intentional Education and Sports Sciences in the universities of(Tikrit-Mosul-Kirkuk)for the academic year2023-2024,numbering(2506)male and female students. The research samples were distributed among the building sample and the sample was The exploratory experiment, the statistical analysis sample ,as well as the application sample, and was built psychological The researchers concluded some including: The results of the study showed that there male and at my university Tikrit and Mosul. There were no differences in their scores on for the benefit of students at Kirkuk University. The researchers a number of recommendations Including: conducting other studies on other samples to measure psychological presence and linking it with other variables. The need for students to participate in psychological rehabilitation courses for the purpose of deepening and developing psychological existence, in particular Kirkuk University students.

The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of some endurance training methods in developing the level of physical and skill performance of soccer players The researcher adopted the experimental method with the experimental and control groups, where a sample represented the players of Al-Khalis Sports Club, the experimental group, while the control group was represented by the players of Jdeidet Al-Shatt Club. The research sample used the experimental approach to develop the level of physical and skill performance of soccer players, and the results showed a clear level of improvement in favor of the experimental group.

The study aims to:
1 - Building a scale of life orientation among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kirkuk University.
2 - Preparing a psychological counseling program and identifying its effectiveness in enhancing life orientation among female students.
The researchers used the experimental approach, and determined by (183) students of the faculties, As for the research sample, they numbered (40) female students with low scores on the life orientation scale, female students of three phases. They were divided into two groups, experimental and control, for the purpose of applying the guidance program. The researchers used SPSS statistical methods to process the data.
The most important findings of the following:
1 - The psychological counseling program has moral effectiveness in enhancing the orientation towards life for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kirkuk University.

The research aims to :
- Identifying the results of the differences between the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control groups in learning a number of basic football skills for students.
- Identifying the results of the differences in the post-test for the experimental and control groups in learning a number of basic football skills for students.
The researchers assumed the following:
- There are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control groups in learning a number of basic football skills for students.
- There are statistically significant differences in the results of the post-test for the experimental and control groups in learning a number of basic football skills for students.

Football is nowadays one of the most popular games in the world. Through the researcher’s experience, he noticed a clear defect in some of the players’ skills, as wrong passes are frequent, especially long ones, in addition to poor scoring on goal and not posing a threat to the goalkeeper. The sample is from Al-Sulaikh Youth Sports Club players aged 17 to 19 years for the 2020-2021 season, numbering 24 players. They were selected intentionally, after which they were chosen and then work began on the special training curriculum, which includes the proposed exercises and their application in the main experiment program, on Monday, February 1, 2021. For a period of eight weeks, which ended on Monday, 3/29/2021, there were 3 training units per week, and the total number of training units reached 24 training units. The researcher conducted it, accompanied by an assistant work team. The researcher used medium- and high-intensity interval training methods, with the intensity ranging from 70-90. % In the method of repetitive training, the intensity ranges from 90-98%, as the researcher took into account the proposed exercises within the principle that he set, gradual and undulating in the intensity of the training unit.
Frequently asked words: physical exercise, elements of physical fitness, youth football

The aim of the research is as follows:
-Building a measure of cognitive agility for male and female physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate.
-Identifying the level of cognitive agility of male and female physical education teachers in Salah al-Din Governorate.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method to suit the nature and objectives of the research. It included a community of male and female physical education teachers in the departments of the Salah al-Din Education Directorate, which numbered (13) departments distributed throughout Salah al-Din Governorate, and the number of which was (400) male and female teachers, who were chosen randomly and used The researchers provided the statistical bag (SPSS) to process the data and obtain the results.

The study aimed to:
1- Building the organizational agility scale for managers of sports talent departments from the point of view of sports supervisors.
2- Identify the level of organizational agility of the managers of sports talent departments from the point of view of sports supervisors.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the two survey methods to suit the nature of the research problem, and the research community consisted of sports supervisors for the sports talent sections of the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Iraq, which numbered (15) sections in all governorates of Iraq except the Kurdistan region, and their number reached (185) sports supervisors, and the comprehensive inventory method was used in the analysis of community data, the researcher used a number of statistical means to reach the results that serve the objectives of the study.
The researcher reached the most important conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The results showed that there is an impact of organizational agility because the departments of sports talent departments support practices that strengthen employees and adopt a flexible organizational structure in dealing with variables and addressing challenges hindering their performance.

The current research aims to determine the impact that cooperative standards can have among students during a physical education lesson on the organizational focus of this lesson. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method and the correlational method. The researchers identified the research community as physical education teachers in government preparatory schools in Kirkuk Governorate. Their number is (253) teachers working in (78) middle schools, and then the researchers divided this sample into three sub-samples, which are the exploratory experiment sample with (8) teachers, the statistical analysis sample with (147) teachers, and the final application sample with (98) teachers. The researchers worked on preparing two measurement tools, the first to measure the level of organizational focus in the physical education lesson and its number of items (12) items, and the second to measure the level of cooperative standards among students during the lesson and its number of (13) items. After processing the results, the researchers concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- There is an effective effect of cooperative standards among students on the organizational focus of the physical education lesson, accompanied by a positive significant correlation.

The study aimed to ;
Recognize the differences in the angular velocity of the knee between the front leg and the hind leg in the start of swimming 50m butterfly for the Iraqi national junior team swimmers,The researchers used the descriptive approach in the manner of comparative studies due to its suitability and the nature of the problem, While the research sample consisted of (6) six swimmers representing the Iraqi national junior team, video imaging was used using a video camera placed on the right side of the swimmer to extract the variable speed for an angle using the (Kinovea) program, and the researchers used the statistical bag (SPSS) to extract the following means (standard deviation, arithmetic mean,coefficient of difference, T-test).

Identifying the effect of the (Ayas) model, learning the skills of dribbling and scoring in soccer, for fifth grade middle school students in the experimental group, and identifying the advantage of using the (Ayas) model and the method used to learn the skills of dribbling and scoring in soccer, in the post-tests for fifth grade middle school students in the experimental and control groups. The researchers used the experimental curriculum for its suitability and the nature of the research The research included (40) fifth-grade students in the Newroz Preparatory School for Boys for the Displaced, with (20) students for the control group and (20) students for the experimental group, and the main experiment consisting of (12)teaching plans with two units. During the week and after completion, it was processed statistically using(SPSS).
The researchers concluded the following
The effect of the (Ayas) model on fifth-grade students at Newroz Middle School learning the skills of dribbling and scoring in football through a comparison between the scores of the experimental group that studied according to the (Ayas) model and the control group that studied according to the followed method.

The importance of the research lies in preparing a rehabilitation curriculum using fixed and mobile exercises in method with the T.E.N.S device that takes into account the specificity and work of each of these muscles to rehabilitate them in a scientific way based on the mechanics and characteristics of each muscle, to ensure the healing of the partial rupture injury to the hamstring muscles as soon as possible and reduce the possibility of its recurrence in the future for first-class football players in Salah al-Din Governorate. From the occurrence of injury during matches, the researcher decided to study this case and develop appropriate solutions to it by preparing a method for rehabilitating the injured muscles to return the injured players to the stadiums using fixed and mobile exercises synchronized with the T.E.N.S device as soon as possible.

The goal of the research was determined by knowing the Wheatley model and its effectiveness at the level of athletic ambition and learning the accuracy of the two volleyball skills discussed for fifth-grade students, as well as identifying the advantage of the model (Wheatley) or the model followed by the investigated research variables, and the two research hypotheses included the existences of statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the two research groups. There were also statistically significant differences between these two groups in the results of the posttest regarding the level of athletic ambition and the accuracy of the volleyball skills. The experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research. The study sample represented fifth-grade literary students at Anah Preparatory School for Boys for the academic year (2021_2022) (24) students, divided into two control groups It represents group (1) and experimental group (2), both of which consist of (12) students.
They were given a pre-test to measure the level of athletic ambition and volleyball skills. Group 1 applied the subject teacher’s model and Group 2 applied the Wheatley model. The educational curriculum was implemented in seven weeks and weekly Two lessons were conducted, and the results were treated with statistical methods and it was concluded that the two models used have clear effectiveness. It varied according to the level of athletic ambition and the accuracy of the volleyball skills. The Wheatley model showed a remarkable development in the variables investigated, and it was recommended to use modern models and move away from traditional models.

The research focused on developing circular style exercises for young wrestlers and the effect of such exercises upon some physiological indicators such as heart rate, O2 saturation, and lactic acid concentration. the researcher made use of the training approach according to the circular training method.
The researcher applied the items of exercise according to the circular method for a period of (8) weeks, with (3) training units per week. Exercises were performed based on the circular method and its effect on physiological capabilities such as heart rate, O2 saturation, lactic acid concentration, and the result of the efficiency of exercises in the circular method according to the method prepared. The physiological variables witnessed the improvement of the performance level in the post-tests of the control and experimental groups as a result of the increase in retention of the increase in the adaptations resulting from the effectiveness of the program which the performance of the Abbasid grip for the wrestlers according to the training program. The researcher arrived at the conclusion that, given the research variables being investigated, the experimental group was superior than the control group. Additionally, it was shown that this strategy resulted in an increase in retention and a decrease in loss in proportion to the adaptations. In order to prevent faults in the training unit for the experienced in the sample.

The research aims to identify the effect of random and overlapping methods in learning the skills of serving and pressing in football tennis for juniors. Based on the research problem, the research population was identified as a group of clubs in Diyala Governorate, represented by Diyala, Shahraban, Al-Khasas, and Baladroz in football tennis for juniors. The research sample was chosen. Of Shahraban Tennis Football Club players for ages (13) (15) years. The researchers used the experimental method for three groups: the first group, the random method, the second group, the interleaved method, and the third group, the control group. The researchers used the random and interleaved method in learning the skills of serving and pressing, and began the search on Wednesday, corresponding to 2022/ 6/15 until Thursday, 9/1/2022, in the closed hall of the Al-Muqdadiya Youth Forum, and their number was 18 players. The two groups represented the experimental group (6 players), the random method (6 players) and the interleaved method, and the control group (6 players) with two instructional units Every week at five in the afternoon for (18) educational units. The duration of the educational unit was (90) minutes. The experimental group had preference for the random and overlapping method. The most important conclusions were the preference for the random and overlapping method that the researchers used, which increased the learning process. The researchers recommend taking advantage of the random and overlapping method and using it for the rest of the groups. Age in learning the skills of serving and pressing in soccer tennis.

The aim of the research is to identify the learners’ preferred educational style according to the dimension (sequential and total), by designing educational situations according to the dimension (sequential and total) in learning the deadlift. The researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the two experimental research groups in learning the deadlift. For the sake of post-testing for students, the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The research population was intentionally selected from first-level students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Samarra University for the academic year (2023-2024), as it reached (97) male and female students distributed into three divisions. Study section: Section (A) numbered (33), Section (B) numbered (32), and Section (C) numbered (32). As for the research sample, it was identified and chosen randomly. The first experimental group was represented by Section (B), which adopted the dimension ( Sequential) and its number is (15) students who tend to the sequential style according to the Felder and Silverman scale.

The study aimed to:
1- Building a scale of professional affiliation for physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Education Salah al-Din.
2- Identifying the level of the professional affiliation scale for physical education teachers in the General Directorate of Education Salah al-Din.
3- Identifying the dimensions and factors of the professional affiliation scale for physical education teachers in secondary schools in the General Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din Governorate.
The researcher used the descriptive approach in the survey method, and the study population consisted of physical education teachers in secondary schools in the General Directorate of Education of Salah al-Din, and their number reached (291) teachers, and the comprehensive inventory method was used in the analysis of community data, and the sample of statistical analysis reached (139) teachers, and the researcher used the statistical bag to process the data.

The research aims: - To prepare a set of special exercises and to identify the effect of these exercises on developing the strength characterized by speed for handball players aged (14-16) years and to find out the rate of development in the strength distinguished by speed for the control and experimental research groups.
The research assumes: There is a rate of development in strength characterized by speed for the control and experimental research groups, and there are significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups in strength characterized by speed in handball, in favor of the post-tests and in favor of the experimental group.
As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally, represented by players from the Canaan Youth Forum for handball in the Diyala Youth and Sports Directorate, who numbered (30) players, aged (14-16) years, in a deliberate manner. The research sample was divided in the form of matched pairs into two groups (control and experimental), each group included ( 13) players representing (9.61%) of the research community.

The research aims to: Build a composite offensive skill performance test for young football players and Codifying the complex offensive skill performance test for youth football players and setting standard grades and levels for them, The researcher used the descriptive method using the survey method and standard rates because they were appropriate to the nature of the research problem. The research community consisted of youth club players, consisting of (197) players from (8) clubs participating in the Kurdistan Region’s football league season(2023-2024) under the age of (20) years. These clubs are (Bardah Rahash, Khak, Sirwani Nwe, Sirwan Halabja, Shorja, Hendrin, Ararat, Shirwaneh).

The Denz model is one of the models of teaching based on cognitive theory within the theories that have interpreted the phenomenon of learning. The research also aimed to prepare educational units according to the Denz model. The researcher used the experimental curriculum to suit it. ) The experimental group and the Division (C) the control group and by (20) students for each group, and the study concluded that the Denz model has a positive impact on the superiority of the level of the experimental group students in motor behavior and learned some of the basic skills of football under research. The researcher recommended, based on the modern models of teaching, including the Denz model, which is the student's primary axis in order to achieve the best results.

The aim of the research was to build a scale of refereeing contact of Basketball Referees in Iraq and identify the degree of refereeing contact of the sample research and also identify the relationship between refereeing contact and evaluating the performance of Basketball Referees in Iraq, the researchers used the descriptive method (survey and correlational relationships) and the research community included all the referees of the Iraqi Premier League Basketball, Referees of age groups, all referees who participate in activities Iraqi Basketball Federation, and certified working referees for the sports season (2023-2024), the number of the research community reached (127 ) referees research procedures were carried out on them, and the researchers used statistical means to process Data, the researchers concluded the following:
..Basketball Referees in Iraq have an acceptable degree of refereeing contact1
2.The results of the study showed that a significant relationship between refereeing communication and performance evaluation of Basketball Referees.

To achieve any high sporting achievement requires harnessing all the material and moral capabilities an athlete needs, starting with organizing his family life, through securing his future, and reaching the sporting pinnacle and how to maintain it. Among the most important factors that must be provided and taken care of psychologically is positive thinking, as it is one of the important psychological variables, as it is one of the most important factors that must be provided and taken care of psychologically. Higher mental processes, which play an important role in the sports field, hence the importance of the study in identifying the relationship between positive thinking and some offensive tactical performances among football players. The objectives were to identify the level of positive thinking among football players and their offensive tactical performances. For football players, The relationship between positive thinking and some of the offensive tactical performances of football players. The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally and consisted of (33) players representing the main positions on the field. The research included the presentation and analysis of the results. Discussing it and identifying the correlations of the scale, as it became clear that there is a statistically significant correlation between positive thinking and tactical performances among football players in the first place.

The research aims to apply training curricula based on the pulse in determining rest periods. The heart rate is governed by the fact that the heart rate reaches between (110-140) v/min at the rest time before the next repetition, as whenever the load is moderate or above average, the pulse must decrease to (130-140/min), but if the load is submaximal or maximum, the pulse must reach (110-120 I/min). Therefore, the researcher decides to apply the training curricula according to this theory and monitor its effect on some biochemical variables of the (in body 520) device the research problem lies in the curricula prepared for trainees relies on weights and repetitions only in forming training loads, while rest periods are the effort of the player and coach without relying on a tangible indicator and neglecting the stages of physical effort that they go through (compensation and overcompensation). The researcher concluded that using the pulse curve in determining rest and the interface gives an accurate measure of the harmony between training loads and physical ability. The most important recommendations were that the pulse index should be relied upon to determine physical comfort in bodybuilding, and the intensity should be determined according to weights and repetitions.

The Research Aims To:
1. Prepare special physical exercises to develop some biomechanical variables for scoring performance and the scoring accuracy index for direct free kicks from different areas in youth football.
2. Identify the effect of special physical exercises on some biokinetic variables of scoring performance for direct free kicks from different areas in youth football.
3. Identify the effect of special physical exercises on the scoring accuracy index for direct free kicks from different regions in youth football.

The research aims to:
-Preparing exercises with motor games to improve Kinesthetic Perception among children with hearing disabilities.
- Identifying the effect of exercises using motor games in improving Kinesthetic Perception in children with hearing disabilities.
The research population has been identified
The research population are identified intentionally from first-grade primary school students at Al-Amal Institute for the Deaf and Mute in Balad District/Salah al-Din Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). They are (20) students (16 males and 4 females) distributed into two divisions (A, B). At the ages of (6-7) years, all of the students have severe hearing disabilities, with the value of hearing loss for this group ranging between (70-90) decibels. The researcher deliberately chooses this institute due to the approval of the institute administration and the parents of some students to implement the experiment. Students who suffer from dual disabilities (loss of the sense of hearing with paralysis of the lower extremities) are excluded, and their number is (1) student, in addition to excluding (5) students to perform the exploratory experiment. Thus, the research sample that is chosen intentionally also consists of (14). Male and female students are randomly divided by lottery into two equal groups, with (7) students for the experimental group represented by Division (A) and (7) students for the control group represented by Division (B). Thus, the sample represents a percentage of (66.66%) of the total population.
The researchers reached the following most important conclusions:
- The use of motor games that are characterized by fun and pleasure for children with hearing disabilities of all ages (6-7) years, has a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness of the students’ performance, which leds to the improvement of Kinesthetic Perception the subject of the research.
-The results achieved by the tests demonstrate the validity of the educational units prepared by the researcher through a clear improvement in the most important variables of Kinesthetic Perception for children with hearing disabilities aged (6-7) years.

The research aims to rehabilitate identify the effect of using water massage in rehabilitating the ankle joint injury in youth volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental method with one experimental group as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research population was chosen intentionally, namely youth volleyball players in Diyala Governorate, divided into a group of clubs. The research sample was chosen randomly, namely the players with injured ankle joints for youth in the Al-Khalis Sports Club in volleyball, numbering (5) players.
Through the results that emerged, the researchers concluded that the hydro massage method contributed positively to the rehabilitation of the ankle joint in youth volleyball players, as the hydro massage method contributed to the flow of blood to the site of the injury and accelerated recovery, through periods of treatment and rest. It is recommended The researchers paid attention to physiological indicators when preparing training curricula through the nature of exercises, rest and treatment methods, applying the hydro massage method to other games in treating the ankle joint, for all categories, and the necessity of informing coaches of the results of the research conducted on players for their benefit when developing the training curriculum, providing a section For physical therapy with medical devices and supplies in sports clubs, as well as a specialized staff to prevent the aggravation of injuries and the inability of players to continue playing.

The research aims at :
1- Building a measure of social support for players of the first-class football clubs.
The researcher hypothesized that there is a correlation between social support and psychological stress. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to suit the nature of the research. The research community included clubs for the sports season (2023-2024), with (207) players representing (10) clubs. The research procedures were implemented on them as a sample for construction. and application. The construction sample included (145) players. The scales of social support and psychological stress were distributed to them in their initial form. Then, (7) players were excluded for participating in the exploratory experiment, while (7) players' questionnaire forms were excluded for their incorrect answers on the scale, and (128) correct answers were approved for the two scales. As for the application sample, it consisted of (62) players.

The study aimed to: Preparing ball-specific exercises in some basic skills and tolerating the average performance of young soccer players, and to identify the effect of ball-specific exercises on some basic skills and tolerating the average performance of young soccer players.
The researchers assumed: There are statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups between the pre and posttests in the research variables, and there are statistically significant differences between the post tests of the control and experimental research groups in some basic skills and endurance of the average performance of the young soccer players , The researchers used the experimental approach, and the design of the two groups (control and experimental) with two pre and posttests for its suitability to the nature and problem of the research. And the post-test for the experimental group, and the two researchers recommended the adoption of ball exercises in developing the skill (medium handling, long-range scoring accuracy) and carrying the average performance, because of the clear development it brought about on young football players.

The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the conceptual intervention program (PETTLEP) in developing the skill performance of the left punch of the trunk and head, and the imposition of the research There are statistically significant hypotheses between the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group and in favor of the post-test, the researcher used the experimental approach in the single-group system with pre- and post-tests to fit the problem and the research sample, representing aThe research was accompanied by the players of the Diyala Boxing University team, which numbered (33) players, the research sample was selected in a deliberate way, and they are the players of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, who number (10) players representing the experimental group, and the researchers conducted an exploratory experiment to identify the conceptual intervention program and its suitability for the research sample, The application of the counseling sessions included in the conceptual intervention program on the players of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences by one session per week for a period of (10) sessions, and after the completion of the counseling sessions, the post-tests were conducted by the two researchers, and after obtaining the results and processing them statistically, it was concluded: The effective role of the counseling sessions for the conceptual intervention program(PETTLEP) in the development of the skill performance of the left straight punch of the head or trunk, and the most important recommendations were the need to use the conceptual intervention program (PETTLEP) by teachers or coaches during the annual curriculum for them because of the benefit it contains for the benefit of the player, hence the importance of research in the preparation and use of the conceptual intervention program in developing the skill performance of the left straight punch of the head and trunk.

Football is one of the games that relies significantly on the diversity of skills used during the two halves of the match, As well as the players constant needs as individuals and as a group to accurately implement these skills , The skill of scoring dead balls is a factor of utmost importance in order to score goals and to achieve victory in the matches is what prompted the researcher to study the use 0f special strength exercises characterized by speed and Passing in the inner front part of the foot to identify their effect on the accuracy of scoring goals form fixed balls among football players under 17 years of age and hear the importance of the research . The research sample represents the football players of Jalawla sport Academy under 17years age , Who are prepared to participate in the governorate championship for the 2023-2024 season , The number of sample was (24) players, (4) players were excluded from the experiment due to their commitment to the ministerial exams for the intermediate stage , The second round the researcher arranged the players in descending order according to the results of the skill test , Then they were divided into groups in a pairing manner with (10) players for each group through drawing lots the experimental group and the control group were determined , The research concluded that training in exercises specific to the strength speed of the leg muscles and passing exercises in the inner front part of the foot leds to an improvement in the accuracy of scoring fixed balls among members of the experimental group , And the researcher came up with proposals specific to the research topic .