Damo Journal of Sports Sciences

It requires attention to the scouting movement to achieve the goals and integrate the social skills and academic achievement of students, to expand their information and raise the level of scouting creativity among them, so the need has become urgent to resort to organizational ingenuity in its management and search for new opportunities that help it adapt to circumstances, and from here it is necessary to emphasize the knowledge of the importance of the relationship between organizational ingenuity and scouting creativity, as we need innovators who have an open mind capable of providing new and creative solutions and transforming their negative and positive emotions into creativity through the use of effective, active and unfamiliar methods and procedures. As for the research problem through the researcher\'s work as a physical education teacher and a participant in scouting camps, he noted that there is a fluctuation in scouting creativity within the scouting group and because it includes the stage of the advanced scout who acquires culture through education and experience from his community through the great and direct influence in the work that Performed by the scout. Research objectives: Preparing the two scales and identifying the reality of organizational proficiency and scout creativity. And identifying the correlation between them. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships, because it is the most appropriate approach to the nature of the research and its objectives. In the fourth chapter, where the research community included the scout teams participating in the scout camps for the advanced scout stage in the center of Babylon Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024, numbering (264) advanced scouts, distributed over (11) scout teams, and the researcher used the comprehensive inventory method, meaning that the research sample is the research community. The researcher concluded that the sample enjoyed organizational proficiency and the variable of scout creativity among the advanced scout in middle schools in the center of Babylon Governorate, with a direct relationship between them and benefiting from building the two scales. The idea of dealing with psychological variables positively during the scout camps held for scouts is clear.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the psychological resilience of tennis players by using appropriate exercises, especially self-confidence exercises to raise the level of skill performance in a way that rises to obtain advanced results and the ability to perform correctly. The research problem was: Each game has its own psychological conditions in competing and achieving the required results and winning. Tennis is one of the sports that require psychological resilience to play long hours, and this can only be done by raising self-confidence, i.e. there must be psychological exercises that enhance self-confidence and through which psychological resilience is raised. The most important objectives of the research included: Identifying the effect of self-confidence exercises to raise psychological resilience and perform some basic skills in tennis for youth. Accordingly, the conclusions were: Self-confidence exercises enhance raising the level of psychological resilience and performing some basic skills in tennis for youth. While the researcher recommended: adopting self-confidence exercises because they enhance raising the level of psychological resilience and performing some basic tennis skills for young people.

The developments witnessed by the world and the vast scientific progress in all areas of life, including the educational field, require those in charge of the educational process to pay attention to all its aspects by bringing students to a state of skillful and technical performance and applying any skill and mastering it correctly. This depends on a special strategy that is compatible with those skills and mastering them to achieve educational goals. From this, the research aims to identify the effect of the Whitley strategy in learning to perform the skills of handling and rolling with a football for second-year middle school students, and to identify the differences in learning to perform the skills of handling and rolling with a football for second-year middle school students between the experimental and control groups. The experimental method was used in the style of two equivalent groups (experimental, control) with a pre- and post-test. The research community was determined by second-year middle school students in Al-Madhatiya Intermediate School for Boys affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Babylon Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024) and their number is (192) students, and the research sample was selected with (32) students divided equally into two experimental and control groups, where educational units were applied according to the Whitley strategy to learn to perform the skills of handling and rolling with a football for students, amounting to (8) units, for a period of (4) weeks and at a rate of two educational units per week, with a time of (45) minutes, and the steps of the Whitley strategy were applied (educational tasks, cooperative groups, participation), and the research came out with a set of conclusions, including: The Whitley strategy has a positive effect on learning to perform the skills of handling and rolling with a football for students, and that applying the three stages of the Whitley strategy (educational tasks, cooperative groups, participation) gave a broader understanding of the two skills, and among the recommendations recommended by the researcher: Using the Whitley strategy in learning the technical performance of football skills because it is one of the modern interactive strategies, and emphasizing the use of modern strategies in physical education lessons and staying away from traditional methods and methods.

Providing appropriate atmospheres and conditions using the game of Tekvoly, a game similar to volleyball, creates a new atmosphere out of the ordinary and new conditions that help develop the skills of smashing and defending the field in volleyball for juniors and reach the best possible level and enhance the players' capabilities. The research problem has crystallized in the process of accelerating learning the two skills through the use of the game of Tekvoly, which helps players get out of the familiar atmosphere of educational units and creates an atmosphere of excitement and excitement to improve and develop the skills of smashing and defending the field in volleyball for junior players. The research aims to: Prepare educational exercises using the game of Tekvoly. Identify the effect of the exercises prepared using the game of Tekvoly on developing the skills of smashing and defending the field in volleyball for juniors.
The researchers used the experimental method designed with two groups (experimental The control group) with the pre- and post-tests. The research community was determined by the junior players of the specialized volleyball school in the Ministry of Youth and Sports in Baghdad, aged 13-15 years, totaling 32 players. In light of the experiment conducted by the researchers and the results achieved through tests and statistical methods, the following conclusions were reached:
1- It was found that learning and repeating exercises are better than traditional exercises in developing the skills of smashing and defending the field in volleyball for juniors.
2- The TEQVOLY game used in the research had a clear effect in creating an unusual atmosphere full of enthusiasm that helped positively in the learning process and developing the two skills.

The sport of track and field is classified among the games that require high physical abilities, as these competitions, especially speed races, require physical abilities to a large extent to decide the achievement. The research aims to standardize the training load for special endurance (phosphogyne and lactic speed endurance) and (strength endurance) as the most influential elements in the achievement using modern devices and harnessing artificial intelligence in controlling the training loads for these elements using the (COOSPO) (GPS) device and linking them in the difficulty equation with the Excel program (EXELL) to find the immediate training loads for the competitors. It is one of the modern technical devices for monitoring the load for advanced 400m runners
The researchers used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups with pre- and post-measurements to suit the nature of the research. The research community represents the 200m event competitors of the clubs actually participating in the Iraqi Clubs Championship for the season (2022-2023) in the Middle Euphrates Governorates. The researchers used the program by determining the maximum intensity for each physical element (speed endurance and strength endurance) according to the maximum pulse by the researchers. The researchers entered the intensity for each element that is appropriate and suitable for training and entered the upper limits that should not be reached within the (coospo) program, as well as determining the minimum limits of the pulse that should not be reached in order for the training to be effective. When the player exceeds these limits, this exceedance will be announced by the program and then to the device. The researchers concluded: Training according to artificial intelligence technology significantly developed some elements of special physical fitness, special endurance and achievement among advanced 200m runners.
_ Whereas the training load was accurately standardized using artificial intelligence technology and showed a noticeable improvement in the variables under study, the elements of physical fitness, special endurance and special endurance among advanced 200m runners. _ The technique of standardizing physical load was developed using artificial intelligence technology for the experimental group, and there was a clear difference between the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental group, in favor of the post-measurement.

The study aimed to identify the results of the analytical mechanics of the thrower's position at the end of the rotation and a comparison between the world and Iraqi champions in the discus throw event.
The research sample included the world and Iraqi champions in the discus throw event, as the researcher analyzed a CD containing a photograph of the world champion and the Iraqi champion in the discus throw event in their best achievements, and the method followed at the end of the rotation phase was highlighted.
After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results in the third chapter, it became clear that there were differences in some body angles between the two champions. The researcher concluded that the world champion was better in performance compared to the Iraqi champion by a large margin.
There were a set of recommendations, including the researcher recommending that Iraqi trainers rely on the results of this study and apply them to discus throwers during their training, due to their importance in achieving the best performance and their positive impact on the distance achieved.

Conducting research that addresses the topic of educational Capabilities of physical education teachers and inclusive sports talents among students during sports lessons is of great importance. Therefore, the research aimed to reveal the nature of the role played by educational Capabilities of physical education teachers in developing inclusive sports talents among students after revealing the extent to which physical education teachers possess educational Capabilities, as well as the extent to which students possess inclusive sports talents. The researcher used the descriptive approach in this research by using both the survey method and the correlation method. The researcher identified physical education teachers in schools affiliated with the Babylon Education Directorate for the academic year (2023-2024) as a community for the current research. The researcher chose from this community physical education teachers in middle schools to form the main research sample, and the sample consists of (245) teachers.
In order to obtain the data required in the research, the researcher prepared two measurement tools: the first tool to measure the level of educational Capabilities among physical education teachers with a number of (15) paragraphs, and the second tool to measure the level of inclusive sports talents among students with a number of (15) paragraphs. The paragraphs of the two tools are answered with five-weight . After extracting the results of the final application and processing them statistically, analyzing and discussing them, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions:
Physical education teachers in middle schools affiliated with the Babil Education Directorate have educational Capabilities that are characterized by being of an average level in terms of teaching physical education. The students of the preparatory schools affiliated with the Directorate of Education of Babylon have average-level capabilities in terms of inclusive sports talents.
- The educational Capabilities possessed by physical education teachers have an important and prominent role in developing the inclusive sports talents of their students.

The problem of the research is that there are many players who take the hormone Testosterone in an unscientific and studied manner, which is clearly evident in their external appearances of pimples on the face and body, high temperatures, hysteria, nervous conditions, heart problems and kidney problems. Therefore, the researcher decided to study this case of bodybuilders by conducting scientific laboratory analyses to document the most important hormonal problems that affect these players. The research aims to identify the effect of training using the hormone Testosterone on some physiological measurements of the kidneys of bodybuilders
The researcher used the experimental method using the two-group method. The research community and sample were represented by a group of 14 bodybuilders who attend gyms. After using research procedures through pre-tests and measurements, conducting training, and then post-tests and measurements, and after conducting statistical treatments, a set of important conclusions appeared to us that serve the training and health process of bodybuilders, including that there is superiority for the group that uses the hormone Testosterone. It appeared to us that the group that used the hormone had affected the kidneys through swelling and the abundance of impurities that appeared through the analyses that were conducted on them.

Preparing exercises using an aquatic medium for (200) m freestyle runners and identifying the distinctive speed power, for the research sample and also identifying the effect of aquatic medium exercises in developing the distinctive speed power between the (pre-post) test for the research sample. As for the study hypothesis, the researcher imposed the existence of significant differences between the pre- and post-test in favor of the post-test for the experimental group. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community was determined by track and field runners for the 100-meter event in Maysan Governorate over the age of 20 for the 2023 sports season, whose number is (6) Runners, and they were taken in full by the comprehensive inventory method, the researcher divided them into two groups with (3) runners for the group that trains in the aquatic environment and (3) runners for the control group, and the process of distributing them was random, by lottery method, and they represented 100% of the research community. The researcher concluded that performing exercises using the aquatic environment had a positive effect on physical variables and achievement. The facilities provided by the aquatic environment, such as buoyancy force and decreased gravitational force on the body, were appropriate in obtaining the best production of force according to the specific ranges of movement for performance, which also helped in achieving the harmonious movements of the rest of the body parts in an easy way.

Most of the previous methods in training the physical and skill variables of young players are done on grass or hard ground, and the problem of the research revolves around the lack of interest in the physical aspect that serves the skill aspect by trainers, in addition to the use of the second type of grass and dirt lands, as they are almost the common lands and widely used in clubs, and it has become common in training circles among trainers to use resistance exercises in their various ways and means, and therefore the use of the usual training methods does not serve the purpose effectively and quickly, which prompted the researcher to find a new training method in an attempt to enhance the development of these aspects, which is training on sandy ground as one of the resistance exercises, so the researcher decided to conduct a study to identify the effect of exercises on sandy ground in developing some physical variables and the achievement of 200m runners. The aim of the research is to: Prepare exercises using the sand field to develop Physical variables and the achievement of young 200-meter runners in Babylon Governorate. And knowing the duration of its effect. The most important conclusions were:
1-The use of training on sand contributed positively to the development of the studied physical variables (speed, strength, speed endurance, performance endurance, and achievement for young 200-meter runners.
2-Continuing training according to the exercises prepared by the researcher on sandy ground has enhanced the efficiency of the nervous and muscular systems to control, adapt, and organize the various processes that are compatible with the skill performance of young runners.

Research and investigation are ongoing through studies and research to find educational alternatives according to the intervention in the educational environment in a way that suits volleyball skills for the purpose of reaching effective teaching and evaluating the educational curriculum for volleyball in the curricula of colleges of physical education and sports sciences.
The research aims to:-
1- Identify the effect of the total method and through intensive and distributed exercise on learning some volleyball skills.
2- Identify the best intervention in the total method with the intensive or distributed exercise method.
The researcher used the experimental method of equal random groups to reach a solution to the research problem and achieve its objectives. The research sample included (20) students from the second phase / College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Diyala with a percentage of (20.20%) and the sample was divided into .
The students were taught the skills of sending facing from above and preparing in volleyball for an educational period that included (8) educational units and for each week two educational units for a period of 4 weeks and a time of (90) minutes for each educational unit.
The technical performance of the students was evaluated by the evaluators and by displaying it on (CD).
Through statistical processing of the results, the researcher concluded the following:
1. The emergence of a positive effect of groups in learning and retaining the skills of sending facing from above and receiving
2. The emergence of the best interference in the group of the total method - intensive in the skill of sending facing from above

The research aims to identify the effect of competitive compound training using the two methods (weights and plyometric) on some physical abilities on the one hand and its effect on the momentum at the moment of rising to shoot on the other hand for handball players aged (17-19) years by developing a training curriculum that contains compound exercises using plyometric weights in one performance of the same exercise. Therefore, the researcher used the experimental method with a single-group design with a pre- and post-test. The research sample was represented by Diyala Club players aged (17-19) years participating in the Iraqi League for this age group for the sports season (2022-2023). The research sample was represented by Diyala Club handball players, numbering (10) players, who represent the experimental group. The implementation of the training curriculum took 8 weeks, with 3 training doses per week and a total number of training doses of 24 training doses, and the location of the exercises was in the main part of the training unit. The researcher used the interval training method in its two types, the repetitive and the interval training method, with a training intensity ranging between 75-95% of the players’ capacity, taking into account the fluctuation in the training load. The researcher concluded that this type of training has yielded results in terms of developing the research variables significantly, and this was confirmed by the test results. Therefore, the researcher recommended that trainers should pay attention to this type of training used in the research and include it in their training curricula to benefit from it, in addition to using other types of complex training (qualitative and general).

The aim of this research is to study the factors affecting the speed of the legs' forward movements in the sport of fencing, in terms of some sensory-motor abilities such as perception of distance and perception of force. Understanding these variables is vital to improving the performance of fencers in various competitions. A weighted multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between these variables and the speed of the feet' forward movements, which directly affects offensive and defensive performance. Data were collected from a group of fencers, where the speed of the feet' forward movements was measured, in addition to their perception of the three factors: distance, force, and time. The results showed significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) for the variables of distance perception and speed of foot movements, indicating the importance of distance perception as a major factor in improving the motor performance of fencers. On the other hand, no significant differences were found for the variables of force perception and time, reflecting their lack of significant impact on the speed of foot movements in fencing. Accordingly, a predictive model was developed that can be used to estimate fencers' performance based on the results of distance perception and movement speed. It recommended the importance of training fencers to improve distance perception, as it is considered an essential factor in improving performance in fencing, with a focus on developing training programs targeting this sensory aspect to enhance rapid response and accuracy in movements.

The study included four chapters, as the first chapter included the introduction and the importance of the research, and the study included an objective, which is to identify finding a proposed equation to determine the stride length of the runner.
As for the second chapter, it included the research methodology, as the descriptive method was chosen to suit the nature of the study, while the research sample included those who obtained the sequence from (1-8), i.e. those who reached the final in the (100-meter) event.
After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results in the third chapter, there was no significant difference between the results of the proposed equation to determine the stride length of the runner and the actual results.
Chapter five included several conclusions, including the proposed equation that has an important role in determining the stride length of an effective runner (100 m). The average stride length is one of the main factors affecting achievement. Lower limb measurements and hip joints capacity are specific to the stride length of a 100 m runner. There were a set of recommendations, including the researcher recommending that trainers pay attention to the results of scientific studies to determine the important variables in achievement.

The use of special skill exercises based on a model is the criterion for developing the skill by measuring some kinematic variables of players while performing the skill and trying to reach the ideal performance.
The research problem was that most trainers in training centers do not give enough attention to mechanics, which in turn helps improve the skill performance of players. Therefore, the researchers decided to study this topic to address it and find effective ways to raise the level of skill performance by preparing special exercises developed by the researchers.
The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using special exercises according to a model in some of the verbal variables of the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem. The sample was determined by the youth and sports team for table tennis in Najaf Governorate, and their number reached 24 players. Pre- and post-tests were conducted in addition to processing them statistically.
The researchers concluded that there were significant differences in the values of the kinematic variables of the table tennis serve skill.

The study aimed to identify the effect of the Shamk model on cognitive achievement and learning the technical performance of the javelin throwing activity for students, and to identify the superiority of the effect using the Shamk model and the method followed by the teacher in cognitive achievement and learning the technical performance of the javelin throwing activity for students in the post-tests. The researcher adopted the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups to suit the problem and objectives of the research. The research community was determined by the first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karbala, numbering (160) students. They were divided randomly and two sections were chosen (A) and section ((E), each section consisting of (15) students, so that the total sample was (30) students out of a total of (160) students. They were divided into two groups, experimental and control. The most important conclusions reached by the researcher were that the use of the Shamk model achieved a clear improvement in cognitive achievement, learning and technical performance of the javelin throwing activity for students. There is also an advantage for the experimental group in the post-tests of cognitive achievement and technical performance tests for the javelin throwing activity. As for the most important recommendations that the researcher came up with, it is the necessity of using the Shamk model because it helps in learning and improving the technical performance of javelin throwing.

The study aimed to prepare rapid strength training and identify the values of some physical variables in volleyball and identify the effect of rapid strength training on the values of some physical variables in volleyball for the experimental group between the pre- and post-tests. As for the research hypothesis, the researcher assumed the existence of significant differences in some physical variables for the experimental group between the tests (pre- and post-test), in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups with pre- and post-tests, in order to suit the nature of the research problem. The research community was determined intentionally, represented by players of the clubs of Maysan Governorate, second division, qualified for the first division (Maysan Oil - Qalaat Saleh - Sugar - Ali Al-Gharbi - Kamit) for the sports season (2023 - 2024), and their number is (70) players, as for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally and then divided randomly by lottery into two groups, as it was represented by the (Qalaat Saleh) Club in Maysan Governorate, and their number is (14) players, as the researcher divided the sample into two groups as follows (7) players, an experimental group, on which rapid strength training was applied prepared by the researcher, and (7) players, a control group, on which the usual method was applied. The sample constituted a percentage of (20%) of the original research community.

The research aims to build a questionnaire on organizational citizenship behavior among members of administrative bodies in sports clubs in Kirkuk Governorate. As for the research methodology and procedures, the researchers used the descriptive approach using survey and correlation methods. The research community and its samples included members of administrative bodies in sports clubs in Kirkuk Governorate. The study sample was selected, numbering (200) members, for organizational citizenship behavior, and the exploratory experiment sample numbered (20). As for the final application sample, its number was (80) members, so that the total number of the original research sample became (200) members. After completing all field and analytical procedures, the researchers reached the following conclusions and recommendations:

The results of the study revealed a high level of organizational citizenship behavior in sports clubs in Kirkuk Governorate. The researchers recommend conducting studies similar to the current study to better understand the point of view of members of administrative bodies in sports clubs in Kirkuk Governorate, which helps to compare results and experiences between institutions and sports clubs and the need for the Sports and Youth Directorates to open courses for members of administrative bodies in sports clubs to increase their sports culture with regard to leadership and voluntary behavior for organizational citizenship.

The research aims to identify some physical variables and their relationship to measuring the body mass index for overweight people, as an unhealthy lifestyle affects physical changes, which in turn indirectly affects lower back pain. Therefore, following a good healthy lifestyle works to give the individual a healthy and positive life away from pain and makes him able to perform his daily duties with vitality, thus reviving the economic and vital aspect of the individual. Hence the importance of the research in knowing the relationship of physical variables to measuring the body mass index for overweight people because of the effect of this index on physical variables (strength and flexibility). The research sample included (15) homogeneous individuals in the type of injury, suffering from overweight, we are looking for the relationship between some physical variables and the measurement of the body mass index, the research sample was presented to a group of doctors for the purpose of diagnosing the cause of the feeling of pain in the lower back, and it was found that there is a weakness in the balance of the muscles of the region around the lumbar spine. There is a correlation between the physical variables (strength and flexibility) and the body mass index (BMI) for those who are overweight.

The study aimed to identify the reality of organizational and administrative support by decision-makers for sports teams participating in the championships of Baghdad universities from the point of view of students participating in those university sports teams. The human field was: students participating with sports teams in university championships for the academic season (2023-2024). And the time field: 3-7-2024 to 5-30-2024. Spatial scope: The indoor sports hall at Al-Mustansiriya University, College of Basic Education. The researcher took her research community from the Iraqi governmental and private universities participating in the university football championships for the central region (A), which were held in its qualifiers at Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Basic Education. It consisted of (8) sports teams and consisted of (93) students (players). The researcher took the research community at a rate of (86%). Thus, the research sample consisted of (80) students (players) representing (8) universities. The researcher recommended that there should be seriousness on the part of the deanship of colleges in dealing properly with students who win championships or achieve one of the three positions, and that colleges should issue letters of thanks and appreciation to players participating in university sports championships, and that they should pay attention to the healthy psychological state of student players before matches by not involving them in administrative disputes that occur between those concerned.

Given the importance of the topic of sports management and what it includes in terms of planning, organizing, directing, implementing and monitoring sports activities and events in various sports institutions from sports clubs, federations and youth and sports forums in general. From this, the research aims to identify the role of sports management in developing some sports activities and serving the environment, as well as identifying the role of sports management in favoring some sports activities, serving the environment and increasing environmental awareness, as well as identifying the most important difficulties facing youth and sports forums in favoring some environmental activities.
The researcher used the descriptive browser to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined from the members of the youth and sports forums affiliated to the Directorate of Youth and Sports of Babylon, numbering (340) people (males and females), then they were selected randomly. The sample represents (19%) of the total study community, which is (1807) individuals from the research sample. The research came out with a set of conclusions: First, there is a difference between planning and application in the field of environmental service, as planning efficiency was better than application. Second, the important role played by some sports activities related to youth forums was not effective in the appropriate manner in serving the environment. In addition to the weak role of the media and material capabilities, which are considered among the most important obstacles facing some sports activities, especially youth forums, whether sports or environmental, as well as the fact that the sports administration in youth and sports forums does not focus much on the environment in its work, but rather on sports, cultural and artistic activities.

The research aims to prepare exercises using the standardized fartlek method to develop transitional speed and some basic skills for indoor soccer players, and to identify the effect of exercises specific to the standardized fartlek method to develop transitional speed and some basic skills for individuals in the research sample.
(To achieve the goal, the researcher used the experimental method with a pre- and post-test to suit it) with the research problem, and the research community consisted of players from Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League in indoor football for the season (2023-2024), which numbered (6) clubs. The sample was chosen intentionally, and they are the players of the (Science and Technology) Club, numbering (20) players. (12) players were chosen to represent the main experimental sample after randomly excluding (4) players as a survey sample, as well as excluding goalkeepers, numbering (3), and thus the sample will represent (18.18%) of the research community. (The researcher conducted the pre- and post-test for the research sample members, and appropriate statistical treatments were conducted). The researcher concluded that "the exercises specific to the standardized fartlek method led to the development of speed endurance and transitional speed", and that the development of transitional speed had an impact on the development of some basic skills in indoor football, and that the variety of exercises and the way they were produced had a good psychological reality among the sample members. Which increased the enthusiasm of the players and raised their morale when performing the exercises.

In the sports aspect, the player faces hesitation in performing most of the duties assigned to him in training or competition, which is due to the psychological pressures he faces due to the audience or the treatment of the coach or colleagues and other matters that the player feels that if he fails to perform, he will be blamed, which affects the psychological aspect and raises the level of psychological pressures.
Here, we are required to prepare psychologically to raise his psychological toughness and the ability to get rid of those pressures and hesitation in implementing various basic skills and various sports.
The importance of the research came in reducing hesitation and psychological pressures for players by raising psychological toughness through psychological exercises and implementing complex skills in the best performance, especially for the youth category, which is the basic basis for supporting national teams.
The most important objectives of the research were: - Identifying the effect of psychological exercises for psychological toughness in reducing hesitation and performing some basic complex skills in youth basketball.
Accordingly, the conclusion was: - Psychological exercises for psychological toughness helped in reducing hesitation and raising the level of performance of some basic complex skills in youth basketball.
It was recommended: - Adopting psychological exercises for psychological toughness because they helped in reducing hesitation and raising the level of performance of some basic complex skills in youth basketball.

The research problem emerges through the emergence of many problems in the player's life and the exacerbation of challenges and pressures and their effects on the player's scientific, professional and social life. The reason for the emergence of these problems may be due to the low level of emotional intelligence or the low level of social compliance, which prompted the researcher to study this topic in addition to what our beloved country is going through from strong events and disturbances that are sweeping the lives of our players, making us stand perplexed in front of all these problems, which may also be caused by our distancing from our authentic Arab and Islamic values and not keeping pace with them and adhering to them to face these challenges. Therefore, the researcher decided to study this topic and identify its dimensions and the extent to which handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate possess a level of emotional intelligence and social compliance and what are the differences between them in this field. The research aims to:

1. Measure social compliance among handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate.
2. Measure emotional intelligence among handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate.
3. Identify the relationship between social compliance and emotional intelligence of handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate. The researcher came out with the most important conclusions:
1. Handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate enjoy a high level of emotional intelligence.
2. Handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate enjoy a high level of social compliance.
3. There is a statistically significant relationship between the variables of emotional intelligence and social compliance of handball players in the schools of education of Babylon Governorate.

The category of people with disabilities ((CP38) is one of the categories that suffer from a defect that affects the brain and thus the occurrence of hemiplegia, whether congenital or as a result of a specific event (Cerebral Palsy), i.e. hemiplegia from half the brain to the soles of the foot. This paralysis makes parts of the body uncontrolled in terms of movement as well as the extension and flexion of the working muscles and the assistance that the body needs in performance and for all parts of the body and causes loss of focus, especially in the affected limbs that suffer from paralysis, and thus affects the achievement of the competitors and the failure to achieve the goal, as the importance of the research lies in the special endurance exercises that have a major role in the effect of the level of lactate ion and some special physical elements for 800 m competitors Running for people with disabilities category CP38. The research aims to the following:
1-Preparing special endurance exercises on the effect of lactate concentration and some special physical fitness elements (strength endurance - speed endurance) for 800m running event competitors for people with disabilities category (CP38) Identifying the effect of special endurance exercises and the level of achievement
The researcher concluded the following:
1-Special endurance exercises developed the lactate level for 800m running competitors for people with disabilities category CP38.
2-Special endurance exercises developed some special physical fitness elements for 800m running competitors for people with disabilities category CP38.

Due to the abundance and diversity of the requirements of the game, especially the goalkeeper, which he must achieve, such as physical and skill preparation for sports competition and sports achievement, as well as fear of failure, fear of injury, anxiety and tension associated with sports competition. Physical preparation plays an effective and important role in performing special skills for goalkeeping, so the importance of the research lies in knowing the effect of rubber rope training on the speed of motor response of handball goalkeepers. As for the research problem, the researcher began studying the effect of rubber rope training on the speed of motor response among handball goalkeepers. Interest in studying handball goalkeepers when performing some skills is one of the most necessary demands in research and study due to the frequent development in offensive skills among handball players. The most important objectives are to prepare special exercises with rubber ropes for handball goalkeepers. The research hypothesis was that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the speed of motor response in the research sample. The researcher used the experimental method with one group in the pre- and post-test. The researcher chose his sample intentionally, which is four goalkeepers for the Al-Talaba Club for the 2023 sports season. The most important conclusions were that using rubber rope exercises with small samples has a positive impact on developing motor response speed. The most important recommendations are to emphasize the importance of starting to train young age groups of players and goalkeepers, especially with rubber rope exercises.

The aim of the research was to identify the reality of organizational normalization of technical supervisors in sports and school activities for Baghdad Education Directorates. The human field was: technical supervisors working in the Education Directorate of Baghdad Governorate. The time field was: for the period from 3/7/2024 to 8/13/2024. The spatial field was: Education Directorates in Baghdad Governorate (Karkh - Rusafa). The current research community consisted of technical supervisors working in Baghdad Education Directorates (Karkh / Rusafa). The number of (166) technical supervisors distributed over the six directorates. The research sample was taken intentionally for all technical supervisors at a rate of (100%). The conclusions were: There is clear training work by the educational supervision directorates to increase the ability of technical supervisors. There are practical training courses by the Sports Activities Directorate that include developmental strengthening courses for technical supervisors. Directors use advanced communication methods to convey information correctly to learners. Directors work to develop the abilities of trainees in a scientifically correct manner that is consistent with the requirements of the labor market. Correct understanding by directors of technical supervisors helps improve the level of work.

The aim of the research is to build a training program based on the use of intensive centralized training to develop the strength characterized by speed and explosive power, and thus develop achievement among juniors in the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups and using the method of pre-post tests, as the research sample was selected from the community of young players in the National Center for the Care of Sports Talent, which had a total number of (10) players divided into two groups, a control group and an experimental group, with a number of (5) players for each group. After completing the field research procedures and processing the obtained data statistically, several conclusions were drawn, including
1-The training program prepared by the researcher had A clear positive impact on the training process of track and field juniors at the National Center for Sports Talent Care.
2-There are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests of the control group in the research variables (the distinctive speed strength of the legs, explosive power, achievement) in favor of the post-tests.

Football is one of the team games that has training requirements to develop physical abilities and basic skills. To integrate training, training methods, methods and approaches are used. The importance of the research is evident in knowing the effect of using the method, which is football, in three training methods, which are with and without the ball and both together to develop some special physical abilities and basic skills in football. Through the researcher's study and follow-up of the sports teams and his questions to coaches and experts specializing in football, he found that there is a difference in the training methods they use to develop physical abilities and basic skills, each according to his belief in the most appropriate method. These methods are: Is it possible to develop physical abilities with the ball through skill training and developing physical abilities without using the ball to achieve absolute and not relative performance because the ball is a specific factor in the player's movement, as well as developing physical abilities using both together to gain time and speed according to the available circumstances. To achieve this The study was conducted on a sample of (31) players from Al-Hudood Sports Club, where they were divided into three groups, each group (8) players, where the proposed exercises were applied for (8) weeks at a rate of (3) training units per week, where the researcher used the experimental method with the three-group method with pre- and post-tests, to suit the nature of the study, and before and after applying the exercises, tests of some physical abilities and basic skills were conducted and the statistical package program (SPSS) was used to analyze the results, and after conducting the necessary statistical treatments, the study reached the conclusion that exercises with and without the ball and both together have an effect on some physical abilities and basic skills of Al-Hudood Sports Club players. The most important recommendations are to include exercises with and without the ball and both together in all age groups because they have a great effect on basic skills.

The skill of sending in volleyball is a major means of obtaining points, while the skill of receiving the serve is an important defensive skill, as it is used to receive the sent balls. Therefore, mastering the skill of receiving is of utmost importance, as any mistake made by the receiving player may lead to the loss of points. As for reinforcement feedback, it is classified based on what it provides to the learner or coach, as the learner obtains knowledge about the results of his performance. The research community was chosen intentionally, as the research sample represents the entire original community, which consists of 24 players from the Al-Sudair Girls' Intermediate School team in the Third Rusafa Education Directorate. The main research sample consisted of 20 players. Tests were conducted for both the experimental and control groups, and the results were in favor of the experimental group. Post-tests were also conducted for the two groups, which also showed the superiority of the experimental group. The conclusions indicate that skill exercises have a positive effect on learning the skills of sending and receiving in volleyball, and the educational units achieved a noticeable development. In addition, the exercises were appropriate for the ages of the players.

The aim of the research was to identify positive thinking, psychological security, self-confidence, and accuracy of handball shooting, as well as to find the relationship between positive thinking, psychological security, and accuracy of handball shooting for the research sample members, that the development of achievement in all sports depends largely on the psychological aspect, and one of the important psychological aspects is positive thinking, which plays a major role in improving the performance of athletes and increasing their chances of success by applying a set of practices and methods that help athletes focus, motivate themselves, and achieve their goals more effectively, as well as psychological security, which expresses the feeling of security and psychological confidence enjoyed by athletes, whether they are players or coaches, and has great importance in the sports field, especially its impact on sports performance, in addition to self-confidence, which has a major role in the performance of athletes and their development in the sports field through the athlete's belief in his ability to achieve his goals and excel in competitions, as it is not just a feeling, but it is The result of training and accumulated experiences, which are necessary to achieve optimal performance in the sports field, as the researcher used the descriptive approach with correlational relationships to suit it to solve the research problem, and the research sample was chosen intentionally from the students of Section (B) of the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Anbar with a number of (20) students, and the researcher also used some means, devices and tools that suit the research work, then conducted a survey experiment, and then conducted the main experiment by implementing the tests used in the research, and then unloading the data and processing it statistically, and then displaying, analyzing and discussing it, and then the researcher reached the conclusions that positive thinking has a role in significantly raising the level of psychological security among the members of the research sample, as well as that positive thinking has a role in significantly raising the level of self-confidence among the members of the research sample, as well as that positive thinking has a role in developing the accuracy of handball shooting in a clear positive way among the members of the research sample.

The research problem was that most goalkeeper coaches rely on skill-specific educational mechanisms only without resorting to using auxiliary factors that accompany the learning process due to the importance of motor abilities in the learning process. Therefore, the researcher suggested finding a solution to this problem, which is improving the performance of goalkeepers at the beginning of learning through some basic skills for goalkeepers that include exercises related to coordination, balance, and other agility. Therefore, the study aimed to prepare special exercises for some basic defensive skills and develop the motor abilities of young goalkeepers. Regarding the research procedures, the researcher used the experimental approach and the two-equal-group method. The research community included goalkeepers for four clubs participating in the Iraqi Youth League representing the Middle Euphrates region. The research sample was selected, which is the youth goalkeepers for clubs in the Diwaniyah and Najaf governorates, with (10) goalkeepers, who were divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The researcher also prepared a special training program for young goalkeepers after presenting it to a group of experts and specialists. It was applied for two months, as a pre-test was conducted for the sample members and a post-test for each skill, after it was learned directly. The researchers used the statistical package (ssps). In light of the results obtained, the researcher reached the most important conclusions: The training program had a better effect than the method followed by the coach in developing basic skills (stabbing movement to block upper and lower balls, blocking balls by jumping (spreading), blocking balls from the wings )

The importance of the research crystallized in identifying the nature of the school climate and its relationship to the professional performance of male and female teachers of education in Dhi Qar Governorate and knowing the role of this climate in their professional performance and identifying the most important obstacles that prevent the availability of an appropriate school climate. The research problem focused on the fact that the importance of educational work and what this role requires in terms of distinguished professional performance can only be acquired by providing the appropriate school climate, which was not available in the appropriate form in our schools. Hence, the researcher saw the need to conduct this study with the aim of highlighting the role of the school climate and its relationship to the professional performance of male and female teachers of education in Dhi Qar Governorate. The aim of the research is to:
- Build and validate a scale of school climate for male and female teachers of education in Dhi Qar Governorate.
- Building and standardizing the professional performance scale for male and female education teachers in Dhi Qar Governorate.
- Identifying the type of relationship between school climate and professional performance of male and female education teachers.
The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational and comparative studies, due to its suitability and the nature of the current study.
The researcher used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)
The researcher came out with several conclusions, the most important of which were:
1- The emergence of a high and very high level with low frequencies and percentages in the scale of professional performance of teachers.
2-The high percentages and frequencies at a weak and very weak level are mainly caused by the lack of a suitable school climate for the work of education teachers.
3-The school climate differs from one school to another, because each school has its own climate

Since the game of indoor soccer is characterized by rapid performance and movement from one place to another, the nature of performance in soccer is characterized by speed during the match, which is an indication of the player's ability to perform successive movements in the shortest possible time, so physical qualities are the basis on which the details of the training units are built because without the correct minimum preparation, the rest of the details of the training unit cannot be implemented. As for the research problem, it was represented in that the selection process is one of the most problems facing those concerned in the sports field in general and indoor soccer in particular, as it aims to choose the best elements to practice a specific sports activity in the hope of reaching the highest levels. The research aimed to identify the relationship between some motor abilities and their relationship to the accuracy of scoring in indoor soccer for female students. The researchers used the descriptive approach due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research community included female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Babylon, for the academic year 2023-2024, totaling 15 students. The data were presented, analyzed and discussed through what was produced by the treatments that enabled the researchers to achieve the objectives of the research and choose its hypothesis. As for the conclusions, they indicated the existence of a correlation between some motor abilities and their relationship to the accuracy of scoring in indoor soccer for female students.

This study investigated the impact of using assistive training exercises to enhance player performance in badminton, focusing on skills like deception and execution accuracy. Badminton is a sport that demands high-level skills, precision, and speed, making innovative training techniques a key factor in player improvement.
The research concentrated on two core skills: deception, which is essential for confusing opponents, and performance accuracy, requiring precise shuttle placement on the court. The six-week training program, consisting of three weekly sessions, incorporated exercises using tools like cones, elastic bands, and sudden stroke drills.
A sample of 10 junior national team players was selected, and the training sessions aimed to measure the effectiveness of assistive tools on performance. The findings revealed significant improvements in the accuracy of front and backhand strokes, as well as enhanced visual and motor deception techniques.
Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the use of assistive methods and skill performance enhancement, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.82 to 0.87. This underscores the effectiveness of these training techniques in improving players' technical abilities.
The study concluded that integrating assistive training tools leads to comprehensive improvements in players' technical and tactical performance. It recommended incorporating these methods into future training programs to elevate player capabilities.

Judo is considered one of the most important Olympic sports included in the Olympic program because of its utmost importance in terms of the huge amount of gold, silver and bronze medals, in addition to its many benefits to its practitioners. Therefore, those in charge of it seek to give their thought and effort to try to further develop it and raise its technical, tactical and legal level.
Complex skills in the sport of judo are considered an important and necessary pillar of the preparation of judo players, as they are the backbone of the training process of the daily training unit, especially the stage of preparing juniors Research problem: The researcher noticed the lack of attention to cyclic respiratory endurance training in their programs, which led to the inability of the players to continue with high efficiency and the inability to bear the performance of building attack and counter-attack during the match, especially in the last minutes near the end of the match, which prompted the researcher to address the development of some efficiency values. The respiratory system and the speed of performing complex skills by experimenting on young people to demonstrate the effect of the program on these variables in the sport of judo.
This research aims to identify the effect of a training program on developing the values of some indicators of respiratory efficiency and complex skills. The researcher used the experimental approach in two groups, one experimental and a control group, consisting of (40) players who were divided into two groups of (20) players in each group. The most important results were obtained. There was a clear improvement and statistically significant differences in favor of the post-measurement of the experimental group over the control group in all variables.

The aim of the research is to identify the kinematic variables of the straight serve skill in tennis for players. And to prepare special exercises according to the kinematic variables in tennis for players. And to identify the effect of special exercises according to the kinematic variables in developing the straight serve accuracy index in tennis for players.

The steps of the field research procedures included identifying the variables (biokinematics specific to the performance of the straight serve in tennis) and implementing video imaging and extracting the kinematic variables and pre- and post-tests specific to the research sample from the peripheral distance and instantaneous speed and performance accuracy index and preparing a special training program that includes special exercises according to the biokinematic variables. The researcher promised special exercises according to the kinematic variables using different resistances that are related to improving the strength of the working muscles and the resulting improvement in the speed and ability of performance. He determined their intensity after conducting the tests specified for them as a maximum intensity to build training vocabulary. The researcher used the gradual system of ascending the training load to create the effect and adaptation of the working muscles. The training method followed in implementing the exercises was the method of repetitive training and high-intensity interval training. It also included performing special plyometric exercises according to the specific movement paths of the skill. He concluded: -

1- Special exercises according to the kinematic variables have a positive effect on developing the straight serve accuracy index in tennis.

2-The kinematic variables under study for the main section, for the straight serve, achieved the highest influential results in the accuracy of performance and the correct movement path of the arm for the members of the experimental group.

The mind maps for those with bodily-kinesthetic intelligence have a role in refining the performance, skills, functional and cognitive of players, as the importance of the research lies in identifying the role of mind maps in learning basic skills and the role of those maps in enhancing the player's physical intelligence, which has an effective role in implementing those basic skills and raising them towards the best in the essence of performance. The researcher believes in the importance of mind maps in the educational process. The researcher worked on studying this problem because of its great impact on learning some basic skills in football. The study also included (20) players out of (60) and exercises were prepared according to Mind maps and their role for those with bodily intelligence and an educational (experimental) method for two months for young football players. It was concluded that exercises prepared with mind maps are important for football players with bodily-kinetic intelligence to develop them physically and skillfully.

The importance of the research is evident in the advancement of football players and raising the level of muscle strength endurance that reflects its development on the offensive skill side according to the use of stylistic training in climbing hills short and medium distance that may achieve a better level. The research problem was: Muscle strength endurance is one of the most important physical abilities for football players and the player who possesses this ability is considered to have the ability to resist fatigue and continue performing and excelling in skillful performance throughout the match and even in extra time, unlike the player who does not possess it is considered one of the weakest players and must use appropriate training to raise the level of muscle strength endurance for the working muscles, which are the legs. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) on strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. The most important conclusions were reached: Two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football. It was recommended: Adopting the two methods of hill climbing training (short distance and medium distance) as they achieved the training goal by raising the level of strength endurance and some offensive skills in youth football.

This study aims to investigate the effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on psychological anxiety levels and elevated cortisol hormone concentrations among athletes. Considering the growing prevalence of performance-related stress in sports, and the physiological impact of cortisol, this research explores a natural intervention to manage these challenges. A sample of 30 male athletes aged between 20 and 30 years was selected and divided equally into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received Ashwagandha supplementation (600 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Psychological anxiety levels were measured using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale, and cortisol levels were assessed via blood serum analysis pre- and post-intervention. The results showed significant reductions in both psychological anxiety and cortisol levels in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings support the potential of Ashwagandha as a natural anxiolytic and cortisol regulator for athletes under stress.