Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

This paper presents a design and performing a special
protocol. Using outlet parallel port from EPP’s kind does
not used before [1,2] for the operation of data
transmission between two computers using 8 bits data
transmission.
A program was designed using especial protocol for data
transmission from and to the computer without
dependence on any of the used protocols in the world
[1,2,3]with the least possible error. This program was
designed using Qbasic language.
This program consist of several functions such as
window function to indicate whether the computer in
reception or transmission or exit case, transmission
function, reception function and a function to open the
file to be send, bits check function on parallel port. This
enables us to determine the transmission and reception
time and its status.
This program work after providing data cable, which is,
depends according to established program

Extracts of Dirofilaria immitis surveyed for the enzymes
involved in adenosine metabolism. Adenosine deaminase
( EC 3. 5. 4. 4 ) adenine deaminase ( EC 3. 5. 4. 2 ),
catabolic adenosine phosphorylase ( EC 2. 4. 2. 1 ) and
adenine phosphoribosyl transferase ( EC 2. 4. 2. 7 ) were
all detected at relatively high activities, whereas,
anabolic adenosine phosphorylase ( EC 2. 4. 2. 1 ) and
adenosine kinase ( EC 2. 7. 1. 20 ) were not detected.
The result suggest that in D. immitis the main route of
adenosine nucleotide synthesis is through the action of
phosphorylase and phosphoribosyl transferase

Several substituted cinnamoyl thiosemicarbazide and
substituted alpha-phenyl cinnamoyl thiosemicarbazide
are cyclized by the action of sodium hypobromide to give
2-amino ( -5-sub. styryl )-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole. Some of the
prepared thiosemicarbazide derivatives were converted to
the corresponding. 2-amino-5-sub. styryl-1, 3, 4-
thiadiazole by boiling with polyphosphoric acid. Styryl
and p-methoxy styryl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole -2- thiol have
been prepared by the reaction of corresponding hydrazide
with carbon disulfide in the presence of ethanolic
potassium hydroxide. These compounds were
characterized by IR. 'H-NMR and elemental analysis

In this paper a model of laminar flow for incompressible
fluid in curved tube under earth gravity effect was done.
The basic differential equations which govern the flow
were defined. The stability of this model was analyzed. It
was found that the model is unstable under all conditions
and the earth gravity effect negatively on the stability of
the model .

In this paper a model of laminar flow for incompressible
fluid in curved tube under earth gravity effect was done.
The basic differential equations which govern the flow
were defined. The stability of this model was analyzed. It
was found that the model is unstable under all conditions
and the earth g

The study was carried out in Kirkuk province from period
15th of October 2005 to 1st of June 2006. The main aim of
the study was to measure the adverse effects of giardiasis
on some biochemical tests of the host. For this purpose a
total of 997 stool samples were collected from children
aging from one 1---- 12 years, giardia was diagnosed by
using double wet preparation of 0.85 % of normal saline
to detect trophozoites & lugols iodine 1% to detect cystic
stages, all positive cases were confirmed by using
concentration method( flotation technique Zinc sulphate
ZnSo4 solution). After detecting positive cases, venous
blood samples were drawn from infected children (study
group) and healthy children (not infected) they consider as
a control group, to assess the effect of giardiasis on some
biochemical tests of the host (random blood sugar, serum
(S.) Cholesterol, serum total protein, serum albumin,
serum copper & serum magnesium)were chosen .
Biochemical tests were determined using special
enzymatic kits purchased from local companies in the
city. The overall rate of giardiasis was 13.23 % which was
distributed in 132 stool samples. Stool examination by
using concentration method (Flotation technique using
ZnSo4 solution) shows high efficacy in demonstrating
giardiasis (13.23 %) more than using wet preparations
(9.62 %) the relation ship was significant (P<0.05).
Sera of infected children with Giardia lamblia Shows
decreasing in mean value of blood sugar ( 91.3 mg/100
ml), S. cholesterol (143 mg/100ml), S. total protein
(6.43gm/ml), S. albumin(3.51 gm/100ml ) and S.
magnesium, (1.55 mg/100 ml) P<0.05 compared to sera of
non infected (control group), which shows (99.7
mg/100ml), (184.4mg/100ml),
(7.47gm/100ml),(4.39gm/100ml) and( 2.12 mg/100ml) for
blood sugar, S. cholesterol, S. total protein, S. albumin
and S. magnesium respectively P>0.05. While S. globulin
& S. copper mean values were within normal P>0.05

Efficient integer algorithms for the fast generation of
Conic Sections whose axes are aligned to the coordinate
axes are described based on a Bresenham-like
methodology and simulating midpoint algorithm
concepts. Performance results show that in the case of the

This study was conducted to investigate the
histopathological changes caused by hydatid cysts of
Echinococcus granulosus in bronchioles and bronchus
of lung naturally infected . langs in humans, sheep and
cattle. The injuries were diagnosed by histopathological
study in infected humans, sheep and cattle. The results
showed sever histopathological lesions in the lung cells,
such as collapsed in pulmonary alveoli, fibrosis,
bronchiolectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans. Hydatid cyst in
lung cause oedema, changes in blood vessel walls and
Hemorrhage.

Across – sectional study was conducted on 100 patients
(male and female) having cardiovascular dysfunction
(Angina, Myocardial infarction, Heart failure) with age
ranged from 55-75 years. They were compared with 78
normal healthy person with the same age.
The study was carried out on patients attended to Tikrit
Teaching hospital in out door of CCU word in Tikrit city
.Fasting blood sample were obtained , serum was
extracted and analyzed for serum Ca++, Na+, K+, Mg++,
serum lipids and lipoproteins were also measured .
Serum Mg++ was found to be significantly decreased in
the three types of cardiovascular disease for sexes and
this correlates inversely with increased serum Na+, K+
and Ca++ levels. Serum cholesterol, Triglyceride and
LDL- cholesterol were significantly increased in both
sex whereas HDL – cholesterol levels were significantly
decreased in male and female for these three type of
C.V.D patients.
From this study we obtained that Mg++ deficiency affect
lipid metabolism and electrolyte levels for the three type
of C.V.D in both sexes. Introduction:
Magnesium the second most abundant intracellular
cation in mammalian cells after potassium, an essential
cofactor for over (300) enzymes involved in many of the
normal function of the body. It is important in the
synthesis of new tissues and involved in the binding of
RNA to ribosome for protein synthesis [1].Total body
magnesium approximates (20-28) gm with (65%) found
in bone, intracellular Mg (34%) constitutes most of the
remaining Mg in the body with the majority of this found
in muscle. Only (1%) was found in the extra cellular
fluids [2]. The serum magnesium is generally found
within three distinct fractions: Ionized Mg (60%), Protein
bound (32%), Complexes Mg (6%), within cells (1-2%(
[3, 4] A review of the literature concludes that heart
disease patients suffer significantly from magnesium
deficiency [5]. Many patients with variant angina have
magnesium deficiency, according to the measurements of
(24) hours retention rats in patients compared with
controls [6]. Other study has been a played in (2001)
suggest that hypomagnesaemia may contribute
significantly to cardiac morbidity and mortality [7]. In
the same year other author suggest that Mg deficiency
can potentate oxidative injury to post ischaemic
myocardium and that antioxidants may have a role in the
protection against the provident influence of Mg

The adsorption of a number of azo dyes on activated
carbon have been studied. Factors affecting adsorption
such as time, concentration, pH and temperature
variation have been investigated. The equilibrium
constants are calculated from the ratio between the
adsorbed and unbound concentration at different
temperatures. The enthalpy of adsorption (H) is
estimated.
The kinetic of adsorption and desorption processes of the
studied dyes have been conducted by using the integrated
rate equation of the reversible first order reaction. The
rate constants of both were determined at various
temperatures. The activation energies and
thermodynamic parameters of activation of the forward
and backward are calculated.
The values of the (H) revealed that, the adsorption
process for all the studied dyes are exothermic and the
forces control the adsorption are physical in nature. The
values of activation energies indicated that, the process
occurs in favor of the adsorption direction. The activation
energies and other parameters of activation are in good
agreement with the thermodynamically calculated ones.

A total of 107 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)
were included in this study. They were 57% males, while
43% females. Their ages ranged from 1-60 years old.
Estimation of IL-10 and IFN- concentration in patients
and control groups revealed the mean level of IL-10 and
IFN- was significant increased in patients groups (P <
0.05) in comparison with control groups. Even that the
mean level of IFN- in patients groups was less than the
mean level of IL-10, since the mean of IL-10 in patients
groups were 28.33 ± 0.36 Pg/ml, 36.76 ± 0.27 Pg/ml and
2.92 ± 0.28 Pg/ml respectively, while it was 0.04 ± 0.002
Pg/ml, 0.08 ± 0.008 Pg/ml, 0.027 ± 0.001 Pg/ml in
control groups respectively, while the mean of IFN-
level in patients groups were 6.8 ± 0.06 Pg/ml, 6.0 ±
0.008 Pg./ml and 0.52 ± 0.008 Pg/ml in patients groups
respectively, while it was 0.06 ± 0.002 Pg/ml, 0.06 ±
0.008 Pg/ml and 0.005 ± 0.002 Pg/ml in control
respectively.

The aim of this paper is to introduce
 -replete
semigroup, deals in some type of topological groups
investigation some properties their images under
homomorphism using the work of W.
Gottschalk(1955)[5],Coven(1969)[4],Al-Kutaibi
(1996)[1],Al-Kutaibi (1997)[2].

This research work involves the determination of the
optimum conditions for the separation of n-paraffins
from authentic samples and application to kerosene and
other petroleum liquid fraction. Study of the variation of
temperature indicate that the best temperature for the
adduct formation and quantitative separation is 25-30oC.
The amount of urea used to the paraffin is found to be (1
paraffin : 3.5 urea) to give almost a complete recovery of
the n-paraffin. Activator amount (absolute methanol) is
found to be 4.25 gm /1 gm of paraffin. Therefore, the
optimum conditions for ideal separation of any paraffin
ranging from C15 is; 3.55 urea: 4.25 methanol: 1 paraffin:
25-30oC temperature. In order to test the optimum
conditions, the study was extended to the paraffins
isolated from kerosene. The study involves using gas
chromatography and employing the American standard
method UO436 in the Arab company for detergent
chemicals. The method was modified to suit the case of
the study

A spectrophotometric method for the trace determination
of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) has been proposed. The
method is based on the coupling of diazotised PABA
with 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid in basic medium to form
a yellow,stable and water soluble azo-dye which shows a
maximum absorption at 438 nm with a molar
absorptivity of 5.2745 104 l.mol-1
.cm-1
and obeys Beer’s
law in the concentration range 10-100 g of PABA in a
final volume of 25ml i.e., 0.4-4 ppm with a relative error
of +0.11 to -3.71 % and a relative standard deviation of
2.11 to 5.13 % depending on concentration level. The
present method has been applied successfully to the
determination of PABA which results from hydrolysis of
procaine drug

The subject of this research is to study the possibility of
extraction and determination of vanadium (V) from the
residue crude oil spectrophotometrically by using
standard addition method.
Leaching method was used to extract vanadium from
the residue by treating it with
[NaOH] solution which had highest selectivity for
vanadium.
The effects of kind of media , solvent extraction ,
temperature and leaching time were studied the result
show that vanadium could be successfully extracted from
the esidue crude oil sample using [2.5]M NaOH solution
at 80 ºC with leaching time of six hours .

In this paper the synthesis of substituted 1,3,4-
oxadiazoles, thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazoles. Cyclohexyl
and hexylamine were treated with methyl chlorofomate
to give the corresponding methyl N-alkyl carbamate
(1,2), which converted to 4-alkyl semicarbazide (3,4) by
their reaction with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol.
Compounds (3,4) were treated with ammonium
thiocyanate / hydrochloric acid to give substituted
thiosemicarbazides (5,6). The thiosemicarbazides were
treated with concentrated sulfuric acid or sodium
hydroxide solution to give 5-amino-2-methyl amino1,3,4-thiadiazole (9,10) and 5-methyl amino-1,2,4-
triazoles-3-thiol (11,12) respectively. The substituted
thiosemicarbazide was converted to 3,4-diamino-5-
methyl amino-1,2,4-triazole (16) by its reaction with
hydrazine hydrate. Compounds (3,4) were treated with
carbon disulfide in potassium hydroxide to give
substituted oxadiazoles (7,8). The reaction of 1,3,4-
oxadiazoles with hydrazine hydrate gave substituted
1,2,4-triazoles (13,14), while compound (3) gave 4-
amino-3,5-dicyclohexyl amino-1,2,4-triazole (15) upon
heating at 90-120 C.
The structure of the synthesized compounds were
confirmed by spectral and physical methods

This research was designed to study the benefit of using the
statistical and standard methods in the medical field and the
practical application of these methods in the analyses of the
factors that leads to increase incidence of cancer.
The correlation analysis was used to analyze some
variables like time periods, age group, and the incidence of
cancer. On the other hand, Regression analysis was used to
find the quantitative relationship between factors that affect
it and also, the ANOVA and Duncan’s tests. Finally we
used the forecasting method to determine the expected
future incidence of the disease till 2010

Thyroid auto-antibodies, especially anti-thyroglobulin
antibodies (TgAb) and anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies
(TPO) are present in positive titers in over 90% of autoimmune thyroiditis, but they are also present in positive
titers in about 10-20% of the general population and
females outnumber males.
Among the 112 patients with goiter, 99 were females
(88.39%) and 13 were males (11.60%), with most of
patients fall in the age range of 26-46years (60.68%).
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (F.N.A.) which was
performed on 39 patients showed a colloid goiter in
79.48% of them..
Out of those 112 patients, 42 (37.5%) have a positive
thyroid auto-antibody titer, while the other 70 (62.5%)
have either a borderline or a negative titer ( p-value<
0.05).
Among the positive 42 (37.5%) patients, most of cases
(64.2%) fall in the age range between 26-45, with female
predominance (90.47% for females and 9.52% for
males).
Mean titer of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TgAb)
was 577.88 i.u./mL and that for anti-thyroperoxidase
antibodies (anti-TPOAb) was 203.21 i.u./ml ( p-value <
0.001) .
Among the normal 80 persons, 70 (87.5%) were females,
and 10 (12.5%) were males. The auto-antibody test was
positive in 18 persons (22.5%), 17 females and 1 male
only.
Key words: Anti-thyroglobulin auto-antibodies (TgAb),
anti-thyroperoxidase auto-antibodies (TPOAb), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD

The study was aimed to investigate the biochemical
variables of lipid levels in blood of pregnant women
during normal pregnancy in Mosul city and to show the
relation between these variables and the trimesters of
pregnancy (first, second, and third trimester).
Seventy pregnant women were compared with fifty of
healthy non pregnant women which were considerd as
control group.
The serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, high
density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low

The planktonic foraminifera with in Aaliji and Shrianish Formations are studied in Ajeel No. (6) , North Eest Tikrit ,
between dirlled depth ( 1250-1450) m and seven biostratigraphic zones are recognized :
1- Globotruncana falsostuarti Zone .
2- Globotruncana aegyptiaca Zone .
3- Gansserina gansseri Zone .
4- Morozovella uncinata Zone .
5- Morozovella angulata Zone .
6- Planorotaalites pseudomenardii Zone .
7- Morozovella velascoensis Zone .
The resalts of this study are compared with that done inside and outside Iraq . The age of Shrianish is recognized from
Maastrichtian age and thit of Aaliji is Middle to Late Paleocene.

A fuzzy logic model was established for evaluation of
web sites of selected group from Arab universities. The
model inputs consist of : design of web sites , use of the
visible and audio effects , sufficiency of the information
, hyper link , ability for the persuasion of the visitor ,
Data about the university , time the absorbed for the
entrance of the site and site update type, whereas the
output include the standard of the site decision. The logic
rules that control the model variable where formulated so
as to describe the total space of variable values. Nineteen

Isolation and identification of Brucella spp. were carried
out from (75) suspected patients with brucellosis
(between February 2004- February 2005). Standard
agglutination test for their sera gave positive results in
45 patients only.
Three isolates of Brucella spp. from (38) blood samples
which cultured on selective media, were isolated only

The research demonstrates the development of
spectrophotometric method for the determination of
isoniazid using periodate oxidation in sodium
bicarbonate media to produce iodate, excess periodate
was masked by molybdate, then iodide was added to
react with iodate in acidic media to produced triiodide,
which absorbance mesured at 355 nm. The molar

In this research study the effect of irradiation by
(CW) CO2 laser on some optical properties of (CdS)
pure thin films of (1)µm thickness has been prepared
by heat evaporation method. (X-Ray) diffraction
technique showed the prepared films before and after
irradiation are ploy crystalline hexagonal structure,
optical properties were include recording of
absorbance spectra for prepared films in the range of

The present investigation was conducted to estimate the
Effect of Several doses of ethayl alchool Extract (80%)
of garlic bulbs on some Blood Physiologyical
characteristics of Broiler.
120 Broiler's chicken (one day of age) were used in four
treatment consist of 30 birds each (three replicates in
each treatment). The first group (control) was injected by
distilled water only , the other groups were injected with
100 , 200 , 300 mg/kg of body weight of garlic extract

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of
cadmium on some blood components and
bioaccumulation of cadmium in various tissues and
organs for male albino mice Mus musculus .
Mice were divided into three groups (5 mice/group). The
first group was given a drinking water containing the
concentration of (500)mg cadmium /L and second group
(1500)mg cadmium/L. The third group was given
distilled water and used as a control. All groups were
treated daily for a period of (30) days.
The results revealed a decrease in the haemoglobin
concentration of blood , packed cell volume and total
erythrocyte count in the blood of treatmed mice with

The study included an experiment conducted on the
powders of the leaves and fruits of three plants:
Eucalyptus camaldulenis, Melia azedarach Land Nerium
oleander L,when mixed with flour and their effects on
some aspects of the biological aspects of (Tribolium
castaneum).

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of
thyme plant to determined its ability in preventing
oxidative stress of hydrogen peroxide (0.5 %) consumed
in drinking water in local male rabbits (7 – 8) months
old. Rabbits were divided into 4 group (4 rabbits of
each). Thyme was used as capsules arally (1000 mg / kg.
B. wt). The rabbits were treated dialy for four weeks .
Oxidative stress was determined through measuring the
levels of Glutathione(GSH) and Malondialdehyde
(MDA) in liver tissue and of Alanine aminotransferase(
ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes
levels.
H2O2 (0.5%) treated showed significant decrease in liver
tissue GSH and a significant increase in liver tissue
MDA, the levels of serum ALT and AST were

In this work a commercial (CW) CO2 laser has been
operated and characterized, where a power of up to
(2.40 W) has been achieved at a pressure (35 mbar), a
current of (30 mA) and an applied voltage of (5kV).
The effect of the pressure and the current on out

The plain text massage encryption by used linear
equation and random function ,which the text massage
input to matrices and by used quation as a key with
random function, we another linear equation with the
same random function as a key deciphering process we
go back plain text massage.

n this research, dynamic time warping algorithm was
used in the form of recognition Arabic sound numbers
which is regarded one of the dynamic programming
applications using the method of superimposition of the
patterns capable of recognition the sounds of Arabic
numbers through the search for best unique
superimposition between the group elements of audio
database of Arabic numbers . Two methods were used to
analyze the voice signal. These are Mel-Frequency
Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) and Linear Frequency
Cepstrum Coefficient (LFCC) analyses. These two

This study involved the isolation and identification of
Staphylococcus sciuri suspected to be infected with
Bacteremia, endocarditis and kidney failures cases in
hospitals of Mosul city. A total of 202 blood samples
were collected from both sexes. The bacteria were
diagnoised using biochemical and physiological tests.
The results recovered 16 isolates of Staph. sciuri .
As concern antibiotics sensitivity test a variable rate
between strain were observed, the most effective
antibiotics against Staph. sciuri were Cefepime,
Ciprofloxacin followed by Ofloxacin,
Streptomycin.Although of MIC difference Staph. sciuri
showed that high MIC observed toward antibiotics as it
reached (512) µg/ml for amoxicillin, ampicillin for some
strains of staph. sciuri.also the results showed that the
strains posses predominant resistance differences against
(6-24) antibiotics for Staph. sciuri

The study was conducted for the isolation and
identification of micro-organisms from burns. Fifty
samples were taken from 50 patients of both sexes. Their
ages ranged from 5 months to 60 years. The samples
were taken from patients in the burns units from all
degrees of burns (first, second and third).
The samples were collected from Al-Zahrawi Teaching
Hospital in Mosul. It was found that Pseudomonas
aeruginosa species were the predominant microorganism with an isolation rate of 66% Then genus
Proteus with its two species, Proteus mirabilis and
Proteus vulgaris , were present at a rate of 22% and 6%
respectively. Bacillus cereus in a rate of 14%.
Actinomycetes spp. were present at a rate of 6%.The
presence of other isolated species were between 2-4% .
Candida albicans was presented in a rate of 2%. The
study also involved the sensitivities of bacteria to
antibiotics and it showed that gram positive cocci
including Actinomycetes spp. were resistant to Cifixime
and Penicillin G. Gram negative bacilli species showed
resistant to antibiotics especially Gentamicin and
Tetracycline while Pseudomonas aeruginosa species
showed resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Imipene

This study aimed to deep the understanding of the ability of
ground penetrating radar in the groundwater studies, such
as determine the behavior of groundwater table near
pumping well using. The principles of GPR techniques and
some of the previous works were reviewed.
The GPR survey repeated in the same profile near a
pumping well using the same equipments and accessories
but in different recovery times to monitor the movement of
ground water table. Also the data processed for two another

The relation between Toxoplasmosis and Brucellosis was
conducted in high risk pregnancies by detecting
Toxoplasmosis and Brucellosis antibodies in (150) sera
of pregnant women their aged varied between (25-45)
years in Mosul city Modified latex agglutition test
(MAT) and Enzyme – Linked Immunosorbent Assay was
used . (IgM-LISA) and Brucellosis antibodies in (95)
sera who had Brucellosis using Modified Rose Bengal
test and Blood culture.
The result of the present study revealed that
Toxoplasmosis prevelance at (63%) whom at same time
indicated Brucellosis at (28%). The result indicated that
the age group (20-25) years gave high positive rate of
Toxoplasmosis and Brucellosis (46%), (45%)
respectively .Isolation of Brucella melitensis bacteria by
the blood culture was indicated only (3) sample from
(30) sample were cultured

In the present paper the effect of continous was studied (He-Ne Laser) for (30 minute) that have power bigger than (1
mw) Length wave (680.8) on the (CdS) thin film,was calculated optical properties (Forbidden Energy Gap, Absorption
Cofficient, Reflectance),they study revealed that the (Forbidden Energy Gap) decreased, ( Absorption Cofficient)
increased, and (Reflectance) showed little decreased

The present study measured some of physiological
factors resulting from the pollution of the soil by
different concentrations of oil residue and planted
with the wheat type Noor, from 2005 – 2006 and it is
added some types of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria.
From this study a result has been show that oil
residues affected in two contrasted points. The first
effect led negatively to the prolonged plant to the
normal situation compared with the control group.
Chlorophyll-b are less sensitive upon the pollution
than the Chlorophyll-a in concentration 8000 ppm
and we have also inferred that the increase in quantity
of cyanobacteria was affected negatively because it
causes the increase on nitrogen fixing which has an
impact on the physiology operations of the plant.

This study included the isolation and identification of
Bacillus sp. from the soil, production of polysaccharide
from sugar beet molasses as a nutrient medium and from
a standard medium was compared. Production of
polysaccharide from molasses medium exceeded that
produced from the standard medium, since the highest
production from molasses was 3.53 g/l after 7 days . The
effect of different molasses concentration and nitrogen
sources on the growth and the production of extra
cellular polysacchaide the highest production was 3.80
and 4.10 g/l which achived in molasses concentration
12% and in ammonium sulphate as a carbon and nitrgen
source, respectively

Fourty water samples were collected from Diala river
from Ist of Augest till the end of september 2004. these
samples were investigates for the presense of Vibrio
fluvialis which identified according to the
Micobiological, Cultural and Biochemical tests. These
results indicate that 5% of the samples were bacteria
Vibrio fluvialis which is isolated for the 1st time in Diala
. The result shows that this bacteria has ability to tolerate
minimum and maximum pH (5 and 10 respectively ).
This bacteria has also abilty to tolerate salinity 6%
(NaCl)

The present study was conducted to clarify the
histological effect of ethinylestradiol, on albino rat testis.
The albino rats were administrated three oral dose of
ethinylestradiol 1,2and3 mg/kg b.w./day for 4 weeks.
After that the testis were fixed for histological studies.
Histological changes were observed in the testis,
manifested by (degenerative changes in spermatogenesis,
disruption in normal epithelial organization, decreased
number of elongated sperm, depletion in germinal layer,
dilatation of interstitial space ,existing vacuoles in certain
regions of interstitial spaces and present of giant
multinucleated cell. Also results indicated that
ethinylestradiol has affected on the body and testis
weight. We attribute the testis toxicity during
ethinylestradiol exposure to the sup

Electrolytic conductivities of mixed ligand complex of
Ni(II) in binary mixtures of methanol and water have
been measured at 288.15-308.15 K. The limiting molar
conductances (Lo) and the ion association constants (KA)
of the electrolytes have been evaluated by analysis of the
conductance data using the Lee and Wheaton
conductivity equation. Thermodynamics of the
association processes have also been studied and the
coulombic forces are found to play a major role in the
association processes. Walden product (Loho) have also
been calculated for each solvent composition. A linear
relationship was found to exist between the logarithm of
the association constant (log KA) and the reciproced of
the dielectric constant (1/D) of the medium which
indicate the tendency of the association of ions