Sciences Journal Of Physical Education

The importance of this research lies in preparing standardized exercises to develop the strength of the working muscles and adapt the pulse rate to achieve the best performance for 110-meter hurdles runners. Through the researchers' field experience. they noted that the men's 110-meter hurdles competition showed weakness in the muscular strength of the working muscles during motor performance. The researchers decided to prepare exercises that work to develop the strength of the working muscles and adapt the pulse rate. which is considered the main factor. and enable the players to achieve the best performance. The community identified the players of six clubs in Iraq for the 2025 sports season. numbering (12) players. The sample was divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. each group containing (6) players. The researchers recommended conducting similar studies for different sporting events and different age groups.

Sports science researchers strive to achieve their goals in the easiest and shortest ways, with the aim of achieving high performance. This is achieved through the sciences associated with sports training, the most prominent of which is kinetic analysis.
The research aimed to analyze some of the kinematic determinants in the pushing phase (the time of the attempt from the first movement to the moment of pushing, the shoulder angle of the arm carrying the weight in the force position, the shoulder angle of the free arm in the force position, the leg angle of the back leg at the moment of pushing the weight, the foot angle of the back leg at the moment of pushing the weight, the shoulder angle of the pushing arm at the moment of pushing the weight) The study examined the height of the body's center of gravity at the moment of weightlifting, the height of the launch point, the launch angle, and the launch speed. It also identified the correlations between these variables and the performance achieved.
The researchers hypothesized that there are no correlations between the kinematic variables and performance in the shot put event category) F40(. The research population and sample consisted of Iraqi Champion Jarrah Nassar.
The test was conducted by giving him (6) attempts as in official races, and all attempts were analyzed to identify the correlation relationship with the achieved achievement. After analyzing the results, the researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: There is an inverse correlation relationship between the time variables and some angles with the overall achieved achievement. There is a direct correlation between most variables, including some angles, distances, and heights of the body's center of mass, and overall achievement. In light of these findings, the researchers concluded that it is important to use kinematic analysis to reveal the significance of mechanical variables and that the results of the current study should be adopted by coaches and players.

This study investigates the impact of adapted quality exercises using ballistic training on improving some physical abilities and the digital level of 100m runners with mild hearing impairments. It revealed statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test averages in specific physical abilities and the digital level in favor of the post-test measurements. The experimental approach was utilized with both pre-test and post-test measurements, aligning with the study’s nature and conditions. The research population consisted of 100m runners with hearing impairments affiliated with the "Amal Sports Club for Running" in Ain Oussera district, registered with "Amal Association for Integration and Promotion of Persons with Disabilities" in Djelfa.
The experimental sample, selected purposively, consisted of six players within the age group of 15-16 years. The researchers found that adapted quality exercises using ballistic training led to improvements in specific physical abilities and the digital level of the research sample. The researchers recommend incorporating adapted quality exercises, specifically utilizing ballistic training, during various preparation stages for 100m runners to enhance physical, skill, and strategic performance levels. This aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly integrating people with disabilities into society, as outlined by the United Nations in both the Arab region and Algeria.

One of the most important rights of people of determination is their right to express their innermost feelings through imagination, responding to, and interacting with ordinary people. These rights have long been unknown and neglected. However, developing advanced curricula and using assistive media that meet their needs, stimulate their imaginative abilities, and stimulate physical effort to increase their capabilities, all of which can raise awareness of the importance of fulfilling their rights, are among the basic pillars for the successful implementation of curricula for people of determination.
The research aims to:
1. Develop curricula for people of determination that provide a clear, healthy perspective on their community.
2. Activate the use of assistive media in the education of people of determination.
3. Select materials that align with their interests and abilities and are appropriate to their needs.

Nicotine addiction occurs when you crave nicotine and can't stop using it. Nicotine is a chemical found in tobacco that makes quitting smoking difficult. Nicotine produces pleasurable effects in your brain,
but these effects are temporary. This makes you crave another cigarette.
Quitting smoking abruptly and suddenly intensifies withdrawal symptoms, which include: feelings of unease, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and weight gain. One of the most important ways to alleviate the severity of these withdrawal symptoms and encourage continued effort is to engage in regular physical activity.
According to a 2019 study published on EmfroMedHealth, the body and its internal organs need a specific amount of oxygen for growth and to support other essential functions such as metabolism. Exercise helps the body efficiently transport oxygen to the bloodstream, according to the American Lung Association. Smoking has the opposite effect of exercise in terms of oxygen management in the body.
he importance of this research lies in the fact that the more you exercise, the more you need it to feel better, as a result of reducing smoking and mitigating the risk of dementia. When you try to stop, you experience unpleasant mental, physical, and psychological changes; these are the symptoms of exercise withdrawal.
Regardless of how long you've smoked, quitting can improve your health and protect you from dementia. It's not easy, but you can break your nicotine addiction; many effective treatments are available, including seeking help from your doctor.

The bench press is considered one of the most important disciplines in weightlifting, especially for athletes with motor disabilities, as it requires a high level of motor stability to achieve optimal performance. Given the limited technical resources in the Iraqi environment, there is a growing need to adopt low-cost analysis tools to evaluate technical execution.
This study aims to analyze the relationship between motor stability indicators (trunk tilt angle, lateral sway, stability time, push velocity) and digital performance among Iraqi powerlifters with lower limb disabilities, using Kinovea software as a motion analysis tool.
The research adopts a descriptive analytical approach, which is appropriate for identifying relationships between variables without experimental intervention
The sample consisted of (10) Iraqi powerlifters with lower limb disabilities, selected intentionally from athletes participating in local championships to represent the target group.
Key Findings
A strong correlation was found between motor stability indicators and digital performance, Trunk tilt angle and lateral sway showed a strong inverse relationship with performance, Stability time and push velocity demonstrated a strong positive relationship, Kinovea software proved effective in extracting precise indicators despite its simplicity.

Based on the research problem, there emerges a pressing need for an in-depth study of the role of disability sports administrations in achieving the requirements of sustainable development. This is to be conducted through analyzing the current reality, identifying the most significant challenges they face, and formulating practical visions and solutions that enhance the effectiveness of these administrations and their ability to contribute to building a more just and equitable society
Accordingly, the researchers adopted the descriptive-survey method and prepared a research questionnaire. The research population and sample consisted of the national junior team players of Goalball (for the blind) aged between 12–15 years, with a total of (10) players. The research scale was applied to the sample members, and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results.
The findings revealed that disability sports administrations play a pivotal role in promoting social inclusion and achieving the principle of justice and equality, which represents one of the key pillars of sustainable development

This research explores how varying nightly sleep durations (6–8 hours) affect the development of maximum strength and performance among some Paralympic weightlifters. The study aims to understand the relationship between the sleep habits of athletes with disabilities and their athletic performance, particularly how sleep influences the development of their maximum strength.
The research problem centers on the impact of differences in nightly sleep duration (6–8 hours) on daily training, especially strength training. The study's significance lies in identifying how sleep duration affects athletes’ regular training patterns, using a six-week experimental setup that compares pre- and post-test results for each group.
The study sample consisted of elite Paralympic weightlifters registered with the Iraqi Paralympic Committee. They were divided into two experimental groups: one group averaged 6 hours of sleep, and the other 8 hours. Sleep was monitored using Garmin Venu 2 smartwatches, chosen for their ability to accurately track and analyze sleep duration and quality—crucial for drawing insights from the participants' sleep patterns. Performance was assessed using the bench press exercise.
After the six-week research period and sleep tracking, the results were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and the T-test. The researchers found significant differences in the rate of improvement, favoring the group that slept 8 hours per night. They concluded that longer sleep duration positively impacted the development of maximum strength and performance. Moreover, Paralympic weightlifting training itself contributed to increased strength and achievement among the lifters.

The research aims to To identify the level of practice of adapted sports and physical activities for people with disabilities in Nineveh Governorate To identify the level of social integration of people with disabilities in Nineveh Governorate To identify the relationship between the level of practice of adapted sports and physical activities and the level of social integration of people with disabilities in Nineveh Governorate.
The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational studies method due to its suitability and the nature of the research. The original research community for the study is represented by people with disabilities (people with special needs or disabilities) in Nineveh Governorate, numbering (400) people with special needs or disabilities who responded to the questionnaire directed to them at a rate of (100%), and the study sample included (200) individuals At a rate of (50%), the sample was chosen randomly from the research community, and the researcher reached the following results: People with disabilities in Nineveh Governorate have an average level of practicing sports and physical activities and an average level of social integration, and there is a statistically significant correlation between the level of practicing sports and physical activities and the level of social integration.

This study aims to assess the mental health indicators of the Iraqi national wheelchair basketball team. The study highlights the importance of shedding light on the psychological aspects of these elite athletes and understanding the impact of competitive sports on their mental health. A descriptive analytical approach was used, with the sample comprising 15 national team members. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed to measure mental health indicators such as self-confidence, mood, anxiety, and social support. The results showed that the players' mental health indicators were generally high, with a strong positive relationship between their sports practice and their psychological levels. The study recommends the provision of specialized and ongoing psychological support for this group of athletes.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an educational curriculum using the reciprocal method with different ratios to teach some offensive skills to basketball students. It also aims to use an educational curriculum using the reciprocal method with different ratios to teach some offensive skills to basketball students. The researcher used the experimental method using the equivalent group's method to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The researcher identified the research community as (57) first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa for the academic year (2025-2024). The research sample, numbering (48), was randomly selected and divided into three groups, each group consisting of (16) students, using a lottery method. The research sample represented (84%) of the original population, while the remaining (9) students were used, (5) of whom were used in the pilot experiment. The results show that the use of the reciprocal method raises the psychological state of the student, which instills in the students courage in performance and a positive attitude towards the lesson and creates social relationships between students in their work in the form of pairs. In light of the results obtained, the researcher concluded the following: The educational curriculum prepared using different methods and ratios has a positive effect on learning offensive skills in basketball, and that different ratios have an effective role in learning offensive skills in the method. According to the conclusions, the researcher recommends the following: Using different methods in learning offensive skills in basketball, especially the reciprocal method, due to its effective impact in encouraging teamwork and competition. This has a positive impact on the learning process.

The aim of choosing goalball (goalball for the blind with a bell) is to break down the barrier of disability for the blind, enabling them to participate in sports despite their loss of sight. Therefore, this game (goalball) is one of the sports that can be practiced by blind people regardless of their degree of vision loss, as it
It is performed using the other senses without sight, relying primarily on hearing and touch to integrate information. Its importance is highlighted by the fact that a blind football player needs significant psychological preparation during performance, and qualifications that contribute to this preparation include understanding the specific nature of the competition and their responsibilities towards their teammates
There are personal and psychological characteristics that a coach must know about players in order to work with them effectively and utilize these characteristics to help them achieve success. Psychological control is one such characteristic, crucial for enabling them to reach the required performance in passing and shooting with the goal ball

This study aimed to develop an aerobic exercise program for patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify the effects of this exercise, along with moringa supplementation, on body fat mass and blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 40-45 years. The researcher used a two-group experimental design
Pre- and post-tests were conducted to suit the nature of the research. The research population was defined as a sample of men aged 40-45 years with type 2 diabetes who were members of the Champions Fitness and Bodybuilding Gym in Al-Mahawil District – totaling 10 men. Doses of Moringa supplement were used in the form of
Capsules with a daily dose of (5000) mg. The trial lasted (6) weeks and included (18) units, at a rate of three units per week. The exercise time ranged between (45-60) minutes. The training method used was low-intensity continuous interval training, and the intensity used ranged between50 to 70% of the individual's maximum capacity. The most important conclusion was that aerobic exercise and moringa supplementation were effective in improving body fat mass and blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes

The peak cool-down phase is one of the important and sensitive phases in which the player’s success in achieving the best times during the various tournaments is determined. This phase is also the harvest of the training season, as the player prepares physically, physiologically and psychologically by regulating the training loads to achieve the highest possible level of performance during the tournament. Therefore, the researchers decided to use the peak cool-down in its various methods (gradual method and fixed method) on the youth players of the clubs of Diwaniyah Governorate (Afak - Nafar -) in athletics in middle-distance running (800 meters running) and with ages of (18-19) years, numbering (10) competitors for the sports season (2023-2024). They were randomly divided into two experimental groups with (5) competitors for each group after the two groups were equal in the study variables (speed endurance, lactic acid concentration ratio and completion of running 800 meters). The researchers prepared the training sessions for the effectiveness of Running 800 meters in the special preparation phase for a period of (8) weeks, with (3) training units per week, starting from 2/2/2025, using a wavy method (2:1), after the intensity was determined by the level of achievement. The researchers used the method of increasing the training volume for the first (5) weeks, as in, and maintaining it in the last three weeks, using the two methods of peak cooling-off (gradual and fixed) according to the peak cooling-off strategies. Through the results of the pre-tests and comparing them with the post-tests after the peak cooling-off strategy training methods, the researchers concluded that significant differences appeared in the pre- and post-tests for the two experimental groups, in favor of the post-test, in the study variables and the achievement of running 800 meters. Also, using the gradual method during the cooling-off phase has a positive impact on the study variables and the digital level is better than the fixed cooling-off phase.

Gymnastics has a special place among the sports that have almost infinite origins, and have made their way through time, in addition to the special requirements that must be met by its players, as it has a noble artistic character These requirements, whether physical, motor, mental, psychological, or physiological, play a significant and fundamental role in gymnastics. Motor coordination is one of the most important motor skills that must be emphasized in training from childhood, Developing motor coordination to a sufficient extent improves the motor and functional state of the individual in performing sports movements in the best possible way, especially complex ones. The importance of the research lies in developing exercises for motor coordination ability and benefiting from them in developing the skills of standing on the hands and rolling forward in artistic gymnastics for students, The research problem lies in the clear weakness in the speed of development of these skills among third-year students. Therefore, the researchers decided to study the effect of motor coordination exercises on developing the handstand and forward roll skills in artistic gymnastics for students. The research objectives were to identify the effect of motor coordination exercises on developing the handstand and forward roll skills in artistic gymnastics for students.

This research targets students with disabilities, who constitute a significant portion of society both locally and globally. The clear differences between them and their typically developing peers necessitate the creation of specialized educational programs that align with their characteristics and the nature of their disabilities, while also taking into account the degree and severity of their impairment.
The research aims to propose a framework for developing physical education lessons for students with disabilities in Iraqi schools. This was achieved by purposefully selecting the research population, which included faculty members from Iraqi universities, supervisors for students with disabilities, special education teachers, and students with disabilities from some schools in the Babylon province. Statistical analysis, presentation, and discussion of the results led to the formulation of a proposed physical education curriculum for students with disabilities. This curriculum includes specific vocabulary and objectives related to human and material resources, the content of the curriculum itself, teaching methods and techniques, and instructional tools.

The importance of the research came in identifying the professional development and its relationship to the administration of physical education teachers in the Education Directorate of Babylon Governorate, and knowing the level of each of these variables in the research sample, and their correlation with each other and their impact on the job performance of the teacher of physical education. Measure of administrative creativity for teachers of physical education in the Education Directorate of Babylon Governorate.
The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlations, and the research community consisted of teachers of physical education in the Directorate of Education of Babil Governorate, and their number reached (487) teachers distributed among the sectors of the governorate.

The importance of speed and strength for boxers is evident in both defense and offense. Successful attacking depends on the boxer's ability to notice exposed areas of the opponent's body, his extreme speed in exploiting these opportunities, and choosing the appropriate timing to attack and land punches, while being extremely careful of the opponent's counterpunches.
By following the researcher in many local boxing championships and reviewing previous studies as well through the reference survey, he noticed the lack of specialized research on the subject of speed-specific strength for young boxers. Therefore, the researcher headed to conduct this research to identify the effect of speed-specific strength on the effectiveness of skill performance. The importance of the research lies in developing a proposed training program to develop the distinctive strength and speed of young boxers, given their importance in calculating the correct points in the match. The researcher also attempts to determine the effect of the proposed training program to improve the effectiveness of the skill performance of young boxers, in a way that keeps pace with the development taking place in the field of arbitration using computers in boxing and keeping up with the development in advanced countries in this field.
The most important results of the research were: The proposed training program, with its content and load configuration, had a positive impact on developing boxers' speed-specific strength. There is a direct relationship between developing speed-specific strength and skill performance.

The importance of this research lies in developing cooperative games through which we will create a new environment for children with autism spectrum disorder, enabling them to improve their basic motor skills with their surroundings, interact with other children, and enhance their growth and learning through movement and play, which in turn leads to relief Autism spectrum disorder in preschool children (5-6 years old). The research problem: The methods used by those responsible for the care of children with autism spectrum disorder to alleviate these disorders are somewhat far removed from physical activity, especially cooperative games, which in turn create a healthy atmosphere of interaction among children They interact with each other to complete the games they play, which in turn fosters mutual trust in successfully completing the tasks or games assigned to them, targeting physical, health, and motor skills. Through communication with those responsible for the care of these children, it was confirmed that a lack of social interaction leads to reduced physical activity and consequently, weakness Their basic motor skills. The research aimed to: develop cooperative games to improve some basic motor skills and alleviate autism spectrum disorder in children, and to identify the impact of cooperative games on some basic motor skills and on alleviating autism spectrum disorder in children. The researchers used the methodology The experimental design, using a single group with pre- and post-testing, was deemed suitable for the research requirements. The research population consisted of 80 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at the Doves of Peace Center for Children with ASD, from whom 6 children were randomly selected. (Autism spectrum disorder in children)

The study aims to determine the extent to which the use of virtual reality goggles combined with rehabilitation exercises contributes to restoring the efficiency of the ankle joint after a partial tear of the lateral ligament, thereby helping athletes return to their sports activity. The researchers adopted the experimental method, as it fits the nature of the study, using a single group subjected to pre- and post-tests.
The research sample consisted of four female athletes suffering from partial tears of the lateral ligament. They were deliberately selected, and each athlete underwent the rehabilitation program individually according to the timing of her injury and the diagnosis provided by the treating physician, due to the unavailability of all cases at the same time. The experimental group used a rehabilitation program supported by virtual reality (VR) goggles.
The researchers concluded that there were clear positive effects of using virtual reality goggles along with the prescribed rehabilitation exercises in rehabilitating partial tears of the lateral ankle ligament among artistic gymnastics athletes. They recommended adopting this rehabilitative approach due to its effective role in improving joint condition and accelerating the athletes’ return to their sports activity.

The research aimed to develop a joint attention scale for students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 8-10 years, as well as to investigate the effectiveness of movement activities on their joint attention, The study was conducted on a sample of 20 students with ASD, who were identified using a specific form for determining their autism spectrum scores. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a joint attention scale. Equivalence between the control and experimental groups was established for this variable based on the results of the pre-test, Subsequently, the movement activities were implemented with the experimental group. This was followed by a post-test, and the results were then analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.
The key conclusions of the study were: -Movement activities played an effective role in improving the joint attention of students with ASD aged 8-10 years ,The experimental group showed a clear superiority over the control group in the joint attention variable on the post-test, Based on these findings, the researcher recommended the adoption and implementation of movement activities in educational units for students with ASD aged 8-10 years, as well as the need to focus on the cognitive abilities of these students, particularly joint attention.

The most important factors that a wheelchair basketball player needs and must develop at an early age are offensive skills, as they are considered one of the most important reasons for a player's progress and advancement to an advanced stage. Since there are many different offensive skills in basketball, researchers are trying to introduce some exercises that contribute to the development of the complex offensive performance of wheelchair basketball players. The problem was answered by asking some questions, including whether 3D training exercises have an effective impact on the development of the variables under study. The aim of was to determine the effect of 3D training on the endurance of complex offensive performance in wheelchair basketball players. The hypothesis was that 3D training has a positive effect on the development of endurance in complex offensive performance in wheelchair basketball players. The researcher used an experimental method with two equivalent groups . The current research community consisted of wheelchair basketball players in the Babylon Union. This community consisted of 12 players, who were randomly divided into two groups, each consisting of six players.
The most important conclusions were that there was an improvement in complex offensive skills (v-cut, turning and receiving the ball, and scoring; offensive blocking, turning and receiving the ball, and scoring; feinting from a stationary position, receiving the ball, and scoring) in basketball for both the experimental group and the control group. The recommendations focused on developing the offensive skills of wheelchair basketball players

The present study aims to design an educational program using alphabet letters and geometric shapes and to examine its effectiveness in improving certain physical abilities and learning fundamental motor skills (walking, running, jumping, turning, throwing and catching, dribbling) among children with special needs aged 9–11 years The researchers adopted the experimental method with a pre–post test design for a single group, as it suits the nature of the study. The main sample consisted of 30 children from Down syndrome classes at Global School for Children with Special Needs in Loran, Alexandria, in addition to a pilot sample of 5 children from the same age group, The results revealed that the proposed educational program was effective in enhancing both physical abilities and fundamental motor skills among children with special needs, as statistically significant differences were found in favor of the post-test, with improvement rates exceeding 200% in some variables. The program also contributed to increasing children’s motivation and active participation through integrating visual–cognitive and motor activities, highlighting the importance of combining learning and play in supporting the teaching and motor rehabilitation process for this group. The findings confirm that programs based on visual aids and interactive motor activities represent an effective approach for educational interventions targeting children with Down syndrome,The researchers recommend generalizing this program or designing similar ones in educational institutions and rehabilitation centers for children with special needs, as well as incorporating visual aids and symbols (letters and shapes) into teaching. Furthermore, they suggest conducting future studies that explore the impact of auditory, tactile, and practical activities on developing cognitive and numerical abilities in this group. The study also recommends expanding research focused on integrating children with Down syndrome into mainstream educational and social environments, due to its positive effects on social interaction, psychological motivation, and experience-sharing.

This research titled "The Role of Sports Practices in Integrating Individuals with Disabilities in Babil Governorate" addresses the significance of integrating individuals with disabilities into society as a fundamental social and educational value. The study aims to highlight how sports activities can be utilized as a means to enhance the capabilities of this group and empower them to become self-reliant. It discusses the challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in Babil Governorate, such as the lack of community awareness regarding the importance of their integration into sports activities, the scarcity of specialized sports programs that meet their specific needs, and the social isolation they may experience.
The researcher employed a descriptive survey method to collect data through field visits and personal interviews with individuals with disabilities and officials in their centers. Closed questionnaires were also used to gather participants' opinions on the impact of sports participation on their lives. The results indicated that engaging in sports activities significantly contributes to improving social skills and boosting self-confidence among individuals with disabilities, helping them interact better with society. Additionally, the findings revealed an increasing awareness within the community regarding the importance of supporting individuals with disabilities in participating in sports, which contributes to enhancing their quality of life and promoting their integration into society.

This study aims to improve the performance of first poomsae in taekwondo for individuals with intellectual disabilities by developing and implementing a motivational training program specifically designed to meet their needs. The researcher followed an experimental approach with a single-group design (pretest/posttest).
The study was conducted at the Smouha Youth Center Club in Alexandria Governorate during the 2024/2025 training season. The research population consisted of children with intellectual disabilities, aged 9 to 12 years, with a sample size of 20 participants.
The results indicated that the proposed animated training program led to notable improvements across all targeted performance variables. Specifically: Speed-strength (Momtong Jireugi): Percentage improvement ranged from 36.60% to 38.40%. Speed endurance (Arae Makki): Percentage improvement ranged from 35.72% to 36.06%. Strength endurance (Momtong Makki): Percentage improvement ranged from 30.00% to 31.01%. Specific agility (Eolgol Makki): Percentage improvement ranged from 55.17% to 58.92%. For the skill techniques constituting the first Poomsae, performance improvements between the pre-test and post-test were as follows: Momtong Jireugi: 30.59% to 58.36%. Arae Makki: 60.36% to 75.00%. Momtong Makki: 34.43% to 48.49%. Eolgol Makki: 28.37% to 39.33%. Overall, the total performance level of the first Poomsae improved by 32.63%.
These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed animated training program in enhancing both the physical performance components and the technical execution of the first Poomsae.

almuqadimat 'ana mutatalabat altadrib fi laebat aljamnasatik alfaniyi yajib 'an takun muktamalatan ladaa altulaab waltaearuf ealaa alqabiliaat liltulaab bimustawaa 'ada' alharakat waltanabuw bima sayayuwl 'iilayh mustawaa alada' lilharakat alati tusaeid ealaa tahasun almutaghayirat albayukinmatikiat min khilal aistikhdam altahlil alharakii walaistifadat minh fi taealum almaharat alharakiat liljamnasatik alfaniyi waitiqaniha min qibal altulaab wabialtaali alwusul alaa alada' almithaliu . wamin huna takmun 'ahamiyat albahth fi aistikhdam tamrinat naweiat mukhtalifat dimn tamrinat mutanawieat tastanid alaa asis eilmiatan min khilal almuashirat albayukinmatikiat limaerifat tathiriha wadawriha fi tatawur almaharat alardiat fi aljamnasatik alfaniyi walati min shaniha taemal ealaa rafe amakaniaat altaalib wabialtaali alwusul alaa alada' almithalia.
mushkilat albahth wamin khilal khibrat albahithin almaydaniat hadada tadhabdhub fi mustawaa taealum altulaab w ada' baed maharat aljamnasatik alfaniyi min qibal altulaab kadhalik hunak nawe min altadaniy waeadam althabat fi alada' waitiqan almaharat alardiat fi luebat aljamnasatik wamin aisbab dhalik hu eadam alaihtimam bitahsin almutaghayirat albayukinmatikiat alati tusaeid fi alaitiqan walairtiqa' bimustawaa alada' alfaniyi liltalaabi.
eayinat albahth aishtamalat eayinat albahth ealaa (20) talab min tulaab almarhalat althaalithat bikuliyat altarbiat albadaniat waeulum alriyadat - jamieat alkufat lileam aldirasii 2024-2025 , aukhtirat bialtariqat aleashwayiyat min mujtamae albahth albaligh (54) talib qusimat 'iilaa majmueatayni, almajmueat aldaabita (10) talab ,almajmueat altajribia (10) talib wahi tumathil nisbat 37% min mujtamae albahthi. ama ahum alaistintajat an tabieat tanzim altamrinat alnaweiat litahsin baed almutaghayirat albaywkynmatikiat adat ala tahsin alada' maharaatay qafzat alyadayn alamamiat walqafzat alearabiat fi aljamnasatik alfaniyi .wujud furuq dhat dalalat 'iihsayiyat bayn alaikhtibar alqabalii walbuedii fi altawafuq alharakii lilmajmueat altajribiat walisalih alaikhtibar albaedi.
ama altawsiat 'iidkhal tamrinat naweiat 'athna' durus aljamnasatik wakhasatan fi alqism altahdirii wal'iihma' alkhasi. 'iijra' dirasat mushabihat bialtawafuq alharakii ealaa laeibi aljimnasatik almubtadiiyn walshabab walmutaqadimina. 'iijra' dirasat mushabihat limaerifat ealaqat watathir altamrinat alnaweiat wamaharaatay qafzat alyadayn alamamiat walqafzat alearabiat bialjamnasatik alfani.

The significance and rationale of this research stem from examining the impact of a specially designed program of specific exercises for goalball players with visual impairments. The primary objective is to determine the extent of its effectiveness in enhancing mental abilities, which in turn positively influences athletic performance and social adaptation. Furthermore, this research seeks to provide a scientific framework that may contribute to the development of similar programs tailored to the needs of this population, thereby supporting the efforts of institutions and organizations concerned with disability sports
The research problem was identified through the researcher’s field observations, which revealed that goalball players with visual impairments encounter various cognitive challenges that may hinder their ability to achieve optimal athletic performance. Vision loss imposes additional burdens and difficulties, particularly in relation to imagery and concentration during competitions
Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the effect of applying specific exercises to goalball players with visual impairments, in order to assess their efficacy in developing and improving mental abilities, as well as contributing to the creation of an integrated training environment that supports their capabilities and addresses their unique needs
The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test results of mental abilities, in favor of the post-test, following the implementation of the specific exercises. These exercises are expected to contribute to the enhancement of mental abilities among goalball players with visual impairments
The experimental method with two equivalent groups was employed, given its suitability for addressing the research problem. The research population consisted of goalball players in Babil Governorate aged between 25 and 35 years, totaling 40 players. After excluding 10 players who participated in the pilot study, the research sample comprised 30 players. They were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (15 players) and a control group (15 players) )
Upon presenting, analyzing, and discussing the results, the objectives and hypotheses of the research were confirmed. The findings demonstrated that the specific exercises effectively contributed to the development of mental abilities among goalball players with visual impairments