Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The study including biochemical comparative of hydatid cyst isolated from lungs (sheep, goat, cattle). The samples were collected from different slaughterhouses in Salah el din and Baghdad. The results of the present study showed similarities in biochemical composition of hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep and goat, while found difference in average glucose concentration, activity of the enzyme glutamic oxaloacetate (GOT), and fertility of hydatid cyst isolated from cattle lungs; therefore, it suppose the existence tow strain of E. granulosus (dog-sheep, dog-cattle).

This study included investigating the effect of additing some precursors on the growth of two species Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria growing on medium culture manufactured and standard. We chose three types of precursors are Thiamin, Riboflavin, and Folic acid, and chose types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected these samples from infections different was to make sure the purity of isolates after biochemical examinations. This study proves that these precursors have affected the number of settlements in particular concentration of these precursors; also, they have an inhibiting effect at another concentration. Also, a sensitivity test was conducted for the bacteria under study and using (11) disk types of antibiotics

This part of work studies conducted the possibility of producing a growth media from local plants. Extracts of eggplant peel and Extracts wheat bran were used for this purpose. The results showed that the prepared media is suitable for the growth of gram negative and positive kinds of bacteria as well as fungi. The optimum concentration for this prepared media was found to be equal to 60 gm/liter. The chemical analyses for this media was carried out in comparison to that of standard nutrient agar. This analyses included the following parameters: Humidity, ash, fibers, lipids, carbohydrates, protein and minerals elements such as (Iron Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium. Copper. Zinc. Manganese, Sodium, Chromium. Cobalt, Lead, Nickel, Selenium, Cadmium, Nitrogen and Phosphorus).

Eating study survey to determine the infection rates of T. vaginalis parasitic and the follow-up 450 auditor for laboratories Hospital Samarra General and laboratories of the outpatient own, and found that the incidence of college was 17.60% among men, and that this percentage is the highest injury of Trichomonasis using implant liquid using the center TAB followed ratios diagnostic methods other central Kupferberg and direct examination and testing dye and Central Diamond axis ranged 14.88% and 14%, 12% and 4%, while the incidence of disease Trichomonas vaginalis % 9.52%, 15.21%, 17.59%, 21.52%, 23.43 byage groups 25-20, 35-31, 40, 40-36 0.30 to 26, respectively, and the results showed that the injury in the countryside is higher than the city, amounting to e of infection was 23.95%, while the infection rate was the city's 15.81%, while it was found that the highestrate o among the academic achievement of primary, amounting to 22.58%, followed by the percentage 22.58% 16.66% and 6.17% of the people illiterate and holders of a high school diploma and with higher education respectively, and accounted for symptoms feeling heartburn during urination highest percentage 97% of the infected and then followed by injury 81.01% associated with dyslexia in urination then the infection of the parasite associated with pain in urination 40.51%. The lowest rate of injury is for people who Aano of purulent discharge as recorded at 10.12%.

A total of 750 environmental and clinical swab samples were collected from various sources, including incubators, oxygen masks, neonatal skin, vacuum fluids, healthcare workers’ hands, mothers, medical equipment, floors, walls, and room air at the Maternity and Children Hospital in Ramadi between October 2009 and April 2010. Bacterial isolates were identified using morphological, microscopic, and biochemical characterization techniques. Among the 192 bacterial isolates recovered, 152 (79.2%) were Gram-positive and 40 (20.8%) were Gram-negative. The Gram-positive isolates comprised six species, with Bacillus subtilis (18.75%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (17.19%), and Staphylococcus aureus (16.66%) being the most prevalent, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (11.46%), Streptococcus pyogenes (8.85%), and Bacillus cereus (6.25%). Gram-negative isolates included Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.42%), Escherichia coli (7.29%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.13%). Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected disinfectants were evaluated. Formaldehyde demonstrated the greatest antibacterial efficacy, inhibiting bacterial growth at concentrations ranging from 2 to 64 mg/mL, whereas Minudes exhibited the lowest antibacterial activity, requiring concentrations between 256 and 3500 mg/mL for growth inhibition.

The main aim of the study is to use Fungi to strive myzus persica(sulzer). The study showed that the following fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Cladosporium oxysporum, were isolated. The pathogenicity test showed that B. bassiana and C. oxysporum were entomopathogenic fungi compared with the other isolated fungi, when used the concentration of 1×10 spores / ml which gave percentage of death 39.2 and 35.68% respectively .. suitable temperature for B. bassiana growth on P.D.A. was 25 C° and 25 and 30 C° for the C. oxysporum growth while the suitable pH for the growth of B. bassiana was 8 and 9, so C. oxysporum gave best growth at pH 6 and 7. The mortality of nymphs and adults of aphid in 100% concentration of exudates of B. bassiana were 52.17 and 54.10 % respectively while in C. axysporum exudates were 55.5 and 50.6 % respectively. the percentage of the death were 68.2 and 71.83 % respectively. The results also showed that chlorophyll and carotene were significantly differed from the control treatment.

The effect of alcoholic leaves extracts of Cassia spp. Salvia officinalis and Achillea millefolium were tested on the growth of the fungus Fusarium graminearum which isolated from rice. Four concentration (5,10,15,20 mg/ml) for each extract were used. It was noticed that the inhibition effect of these extracts increase with increasing the concentration of them. Prcentage of Cassia spp, Salvia officinalis, Achillea millefolium were (35.7, 100, 100 % respectively at the concentration 20 mg / ml. These results were compared with controllers Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride since they give high antagonistic activity reaching to 100%.

Been obtained for the isolation of a local parasite, Eimeria tenella, by taking the cecca of 850 samples from slaughterhouse chickens in the city of Ramadi, and after purification and in vitro Sporulated diagnosed through the shape and size of the parasite and the infection, as has been confirmed by the diagnosis of the sample in the veterinary hospital/Ramadi as well as by Baghdad University/College of Veterinary Medicine/Department of Parasitology. He received the strain challenge by strengthening the isolation and written consent for the chicken type Ross 30E five times and has been cracking the parasite with an ultrasound sonicater and extracting sporocysts and sporozoites in the fourth dose. Injected challenge strain then in laying hens Type Luhman in different areas under the skin and muscle ofthe chest and thigh muscle and the muscle ofthe neck after mixing with the solution of Freund's incomplete oil adjuvant, was then the cotlection ofeggs from the frst day ofthe firsl dose until the end of the fourth dos€ of the control sequence to increase immunoglobulin IgY in egg yolk, extracted immunoglobulin IgY liom egg yolk on a daily basis and has Dialysis and the deportation ofprotein extract crude by Vertical Electrophoresis with some standard protein, and measuring the concenlration of crude protein by means ofa spectroscope optical Spectrophotometer at wavelength 540, depending on Baurit it reached its highes le\tel l37.l2604mgegg , were separated IgY using Terhnology Column Chromatography packed gel Sephacryl 5300 HR 95 cm high and 1.6 cm diameter and Determination of molecular weight by separating the dye Blue Dextran 2000 and seven proteins lhat record diferent molecular weights and the work ofthe curve index, were also measured concentralio[ of IgY extracted after separation column by Spectrophotometer it reached its highest level 117.61764 mglegg, was deported IgY by Electrophoresis with standard lgG for the detection of a package Kama Globulin , conducted, revealed clumping of IgY with strain fierce by the use of Single radial immunodiffusion test and double immunodiffusion. Ouchterlony test to determine the extent of specialization against the type of isolation and extraction of focus appropriate for use as a treatment in subsequent experiments. You saved the sample IgY by freezing it at zero degrees, -4°C. The results showed significant differences between the treatments and that the best way to cure by giving injection therapy in the peritoneum and egg yolk inside body compared with negative control and the rest of the transactions.

Eleven species of basidiomycetes fungi producing fruit bodies, including Pleurotus oslreatus, Polyponu sp, Agrocybe qegerilq, Agqricus campeslres Phellinus sp. Coprinus cinereus, Coprinus comqtus, Trameles versicolour Ganoderma liucidium, Ganoderra sp. and Pisolithus, tinctorius distributed on four orders and seven families. Three species from this fungi and their interactions were selected for study of bioremediation on total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH and total phenols, depending on their successful growth on petroleum wastes medium. Phellinus sp. alone showed maximum TPH degradation, resulting in 26, 20, and l2 ppm in waste water of North, Salh aldin, and Oil refineries compared to 173,43 and 52 ppm in untreated waste water, with reduction ratio of 85,53 and 76%, respectively. While P. ostrearus showed maximum TPH degradation outlet unit resulting in 19 ppm with a reduction ratio 620/o compared to 50 ppm before the treatment. P.ostreatus showed also maximum total phenols degradation in waste water of North, salah aldin, Oil and outlet unit, resulting in 0.07, 0.67, 0.03 and 0.0 ppm compared to 2.4, 1.5, 1.4 and 0.38 ppm in untreated waste water with reduction ratio of 97 , 55,97 and 100% , respectively, in addition to various ranges of TPH and phenols degradation were recorded in various fungal interactions.

The research includes the preparation of some compounds, Schiff bases and chalcones, and the chemical analysis of the prepared compounds was carried out from their MP, IR, NMR, and C.H.N. The fire-retardant ability of the prepared is were measured using two ASTMs, those ASTMs are (ASTM E 285-80): to measure the burning time (sec), insulation index (sec/mm) and corrosion rate (mm/sec). Standard (ASTM D3014); to measure the maximum flame height up him (Hcm), ignition time (sec) and weighted percentage of the remaining material after burning (PWR %).
The results of the examination standard (ASTM E 285-80) showed compounds (F,O) had a better result in reducing time for burning unsaturated poly ester resin panels, but for the other additives they have shown good scalability weak to accepted reduction of burning time. The results of the test standard (ASTM D 3014) showed the efficiency of compounds (F,O) as fire retardants, they showed self-extinguishing when the percentage added (3%) and inability on the ignition when the percentage added (5%) with a decrease in the length of the flame to less than(0.5cm), but for the other additives they have shown good scalability weak to accepted reduction of burning time.

In this study, two benzothiazole-based dithiocarbamate ligands, sodium benzothiazole-2-yldithiocarbamate (Sdtc, L1) and disodium benzothiazole-2-yldithiocarbamate (Dsdtc, L2), were synthesized. The Sdtc ligand was prepared through the reaction of 2-aminobenzothiazole with carbon disulfide in the presence of sodium hydroxide in a one-molar ratio, whereas Dsdtc was synthesized under similar conditions using two equivalents of sodium hydroxide in an ice bath. Eight metal complexes were subsequently obtained by reacting ethanolic solutions of Mn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) salts with ethanolic solutions of Sdtc and Dsdtc at a 1:2 metal-to-ligand molar ratio. The synthesized ligands and their corresponding complexes were characterized using melting point determination, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The analytical and spectroscopic results indicated that the prepared complexes adopted either four-coordinate square planar or six-coordinate octahedral geometries.

This study involved the synthesis and characterization of new complexes of selected elements, including Mn, In, I₂, Sb, Sn, Cd, and Ag. The prepared complexes were characterized using melting point determination, elemental analysis, infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and molar conductivity. Ferric chloride reagent (FeCl₃.2H₂O) was used to detect the presence of free hydroxyl groups in the complexes. The biological activity of the synthesized complexes was evaluated against Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp., and Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., using the agar well diffusion method. Some of the prepared complexes exhibited promising antibacterial activity.

The synthesis of heterocyclic Schiff bases was carried out. In the first part of this work all the compounds were characterized by their Mp, IR, H1NMR, and elemental analysis CHN. The compounds A, B, and C were loaded on polyurethane foam with 5% of them to the foam so that chelating polymers P1, P2, and P3 were prepared, respectively. Polymer PS was produced by loading 10% of compound E on polyurethane. A complete analytical study for the prepared polymers regarding their loading capacity for different ions, especially transition metal ions and heavy metals like Pb2+ and Cd2+, which are a major source of pollution. The study included two major factors i.e treatment time and pH, and was conducted by a batch study.
Polymers P1, P2, and P3 showed the same behavior towards the studied ions, while polymer P5 showed the lowest; this can be shown as :- Loading capacity: P5> P1. P2, P3
The highest loading capacity in all polymers was for Pb2+ ions; other ions were different in their order according to each polymer. A study for the regeneration of loaded polymer P5 (as an example) was conducted using (4M) HCL. The %recovery of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Co2+ was almost 90% or higher, but Ni2+ was only 30% recovered

This study aimed to prepare a prodrug by esterification of glucose with Ibuprofen by the esterification reaction, and partially purified the alkaline phosphatase from the serum of diabetic patients by the following steps:
1- Esterification reaction of hydroxyl groups of the glucose carrier with the acid chloride of Ibuprofen.
2- 2-the chemical formula was characterized by spectrophotometric methods using ('H-NMR and FTIR).
3- 3-Determinatin of alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of diabetic and healthy subjects. The study indicated that there was a highly significant increase (p≤ 0.01) in the activity of alkaline phosphatase of diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects.
4- Alkaline phosphatase was purified by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G100 from the serum of Diabetic patients.
5- The alkaline phosphatase activity was estimated in the presence and the absence of the prepared prodrug in vitro, which showed an inhibitory effect in the enzyme activity with increasing concentration of the prepared compound.
6- Inhibition study on alkaline phosphatase showed the inhibition was Non-Competitive.

An accurate, sensitive, selective, and reproducible method for quantification of salbutamol in pharmaceutical preparations has been developed. This method is based on the construction of selective liquid membrane electrodes using ammonium reinackate (AR) as an active material and di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) as a plasticizer and PVC as a matrix for the electrode.
M. The correlation coefficient, -10 10 5 the results showed that the linear concentration is slope, limit of detection, optimum pH range and the life time were (0.9582), (-19.7 mv/decade), (3.82 x 10 M), (6-8) and (28 days) respectively for SB-AR-DBP electrode. This method was successfully applied for the determination of
(salbutamol) in inhaler solution with percentage recovery of not less than 97%.

In this research, three poly Azomethine have been synthesized by condensation polymerization. The electrical conductivity measurement showed that the conductivity of all three polymers are in the insulator range.The electrical conductivity of the synthesized polymers had increased to the semiconductor range, especially by doping with zinc chloride and p-tolune sulphonic acid, the difference in the location of the substitution of the (di aldehyde) which is part of the prepared polymer chain has a clear effect on the electrical conductivity of the studied polymer.

The present work deals with the preparation and thermal investigation of interpenetrating networks (IPN) of epoxy resin and N- 3Chloro phenyl maleamic acid. Accordingly mono basic amic acids was synthesized (3C MA), for this study.
After characterization by IR spectroscopy, the IPN, were studied thermally using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Isothermal Gravimetric Analysis (IGA) techniques. For TGA measurements, the following points were observed:
The comparison of weight percentages at 350 C (W1%) so with Initial decomposition temperature (IDT )and Complete decomposition temperature(CDT) values reveal its agreement with CDT more than Complete decomposition temperature values (IDT). This observation indicates that Initial decomposition temperature values (IDT) are not a suitable measure for thermal stability.
The values of Initial decomposition temperature (IDT) and complete decomposition temperature (CDT) and weight percentages at 350 C (W1%) are nearly almost the same in the range (25,50,80,120,180) C This behavior may be due to the inclusion of a second polymer in the epoxy matrix.
Observed in natural medium. The higher weight percentages at 350 C (Wt%) 350value, as well as using the Fuoss equation, were also used to calculate the activation energy of activation

The use of high energy Ndi- yag laser pulses at different energies (400,460,500) mj to melt surface coatings composed of a mixture of (Al2O, + MgO + Ni-Al) by using thermal flame spray on the base of 316 S. Steel is presented. Mechanical and physical properties of the surface coating layer have been studied before and after laser surface treatment. The results of laser treatment of a cermet coating surface show that removal of defects and stress, which increased hardness from (280 HvT) before treatment to (300 HVT) after laser treatment. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) show a decreasing volume of particle board and rough surface with increasing the laser energies. The results also show a changing particle size from (98.11 nm) to (68.01 nm) when the laser energy (500 mj) was used. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the treatment by laser gives several phases. The results show similarities between microstructure and structural properties after using the when lase treatment.

Polycrystalline films of Sn2S3, compound were prepared on a glass substrate by the Chemical Spray Pyrolysis technique at substrates temperature change (T,-250,270,290,310 Co) using Tin Chloride (SnCl2) and Thiourea [CS(NH3)2] solutions with molarity concentration change (M-0.05,0.1,0.15.0.2). Some optical properties of Sn2S3 thin films were studied using optical transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) measurements over the wavelength range (300-1000 nm). Some optical properties analysis showed that the transmittance (T) increases with increasing substrate temperature (Ts), and it decreases with increasing molarity concentration (M). Also, the analysis showed that the energy gap (Eg) decreases with increasing substrate temperature (Ts) and molarity concentration (M).

In this research, composite materials have been prepared with epoxy resins (Silox Ep 400) as a matrix, while the
reinforcements were (Kevlar, glass, carbon, p.p.p.v.c) fibers.
Specimens were fabricated with a volume fraction (V, 25%) for each fiber mentioned above.
Hybrid composites were also prepared using (P.V.C + C.F) and (P.P. + G.F).
Mechanical properties were studied, including (Impact Strength, Hardness).
For impact test Kevlar fibers has a higher value for impact strength (109.11 KJ/m2), while the less value was for
polypropylene fibers (4.51 KJ/m2).
For the hardness test, glass fibers have a higher value for hardness Shore-D (80.2), while the lowest value was for polypropylene fibers (24.6).
In all mechanical properties, heat degree are affected on all specimens.

SnO2 thin films have been prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis on glass slides from a solution of (SnCl4:5H2O) in different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) Mol/L at (500C) and an average flow 4ml/min of the solution through a Sprayer Nozzl. The spray distance amount (26+1cm), and the films thickness was prepared to be no more than (1 μm).
Optical properties of prepared films have been studied by recording spectrum transmittance and the extent wavelengths (290-900 nm),It is found that transmittance (T), absorptance (A), Reflectance(R), energy gap (Eg), absorption coefficient (a), extinction coefficient (k), Refractive Index (no) and Optical Conductivity (0) vary according to the concentrations change.

Nickel oxide films were deposited on glass substrates using spin-coating. XRD measurements of the prepared NiO films at a molar concentration of 0.1 revealed an amorphous (random) structure. AFM results showed that increasing the spin speed decreased the film thickness. Optical properties showed that the transmittance ranged from 60% at all spin speeds. The absorption coefficient increased with spin speed within the 300-600 mm wavelength range. The Auerbach energy and energy gap increased with increasing spin speed. Three doping materials (Fe, Sn, and Zn) were used at doping ratios of 0.6, 0, and X. The effect of doping on the energy gap and transmittance was evident, with both the energy gap and transmittance increasing with increasing doping ratios of 0.50 and 1.50.

Planktonic foraminifera from the Aliji Formation in Kirkuk Well No. 116, northern Iraq, were examined within the depth interval of 1439–1375 m. The study identified 21 planktonic foraminiferal species and recognized five biostratigraphic zones: the Morozovella subbotina Partial Range Zone, Morozovella velascoensis Interval Zone, Globanomalina pseudomenardii Total Range Zone, Igorina albeari Interval Zone, and Morozovella angulata Interval Zone. Correlation with regional and international studies indicates that the Aliji Formation in the studied section ranges in age from the Late Paleocene to Early Eocene.

Mobile devices messages which are sent via the communications networks (SMS) are widely used in practical life. All the messages are sent via the communications networks which are stored inside the mobile devices, are under the threat of attackers or hackers. Mobile devices are being developed very rapidly in response to the user's need, while the protection of the (Messages or Information) is achieved by locking the mobile devices. with a special lock. This lock can be unlocked using the opening programs which are existed in the computers. So, these messages need the design of a programmed system for their protection. The purpose of this research to construct algorithm to hide the short message service (SMS) within the multimedia message service (MMS) with a very high secrecy via the design of a(Stream Cipher) to create a series of partial keys for that algorithm. This design consists of three shift registers. Each one consists of 12 bits where there is a series of zeros and ones series. That creates a series which is the series of the partial keys through which the choice of the bits position is selected from the sound multimedia message service with a very high secrecy which makes it difficult to the enemy to locate those positions. To achieve this, the least significant bits (LSB) which have been used by using a secret key composed of 21 bytes (168 bits).Consequently, the probabilities that maybe taken in the initial state to feed the registers are (2-1) probabilities. This algorithm has been executed on an htc mobile devices. Multimedia massage service (MMS),short message service (SMS), Least significant nt bit(LSB)

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., is an important protein-rich legume crop, but its production is limited by seed infestation during field and storage conditions, particularly by the cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. This study investigated genetic variation among three Iraqi populations of C. maculatus from Kirkuk, Tikrit, and Erbil using PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The mean adult emergence rates were 20.6, 27.6, and 37.2, respectively. Although the populations showed similar morphological characteristics, nucleotide sequence analysis revealed genotypic differences, with genetic distances ranging from 0 to 0.19.