Warith Scientific Journal

The local economy of Karbala Governorate directs the dual effect of the oil revenues and tourism , As the oil rents are affected by the decrease in government funding for local development in the governorate due to the economic crisis and the decline in government revenues governed by declining oil prices and revenues, As well as the tourism rent, which the Corona pandemic has directly affected global, regional and local tourism activity. The dual effect of the oil and tourism rents had a major impact on the stagnation of the local economy, the decline in economic development, and the collapse of private sector activity. The double effect of the oil and tourism rents had a great impact on the stagnation of the local economy, the decline in economic development, and the collapse of private sector activity. According to the above, the study aimed to read an analysis of the constraints that the local economy is subject to in the Karbala governorate due to its subordination to the oil and tourism rents and the possible opportunities to build a diversification strategy Economic by taking advantage of the diversification of economic resources and sectors that the local economy enjoys in Karbala Governorate. The study concluded with many conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: that greater economic diversification would unleash growth that creates job opportunities, increases flexibility in the face of oil price fluctuations and improves prospects for future generations. In addition, it broadens the government revenue base and reduces dependence on one sector without another, making the economy more resilient in the face of oil price shocks. The study recommended that importance be given to the local economy within the priorities of the local government, as well as the necessity of adopting optimal economic planning according to a future vision within realistic data.

The Iraqi economy is distinguished in that it is a rentier economy that depends on the oil resource, and Iraq ranks second after the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in its oil wealth reserves, which is the second largest oil reserve in the world and possesses resources that qualify it to increase its oil and gas production, and despite this it has not yet been able to play its role In the global market and the OPEC organization in a manner commensurate with its oil wealth, to play an important role in the international energy markets, but reality does not match these potentials. Since its discovery, the oil sector has suffered so far from many difficulties, as Iraq has fought three devastating wars and the decision-makers in Iraq over the years have been their pursuit of Controlling the oil sector as a source of wealth and thus dominating society, the state, the economy and political decision together, which led to the creation of the rentier state, which led to the decline in oil production and the deterioration of the status of refineries, oil transport pipelines and export ports, which negatively affected the economic conditions of the country to meet the requirements of the internal development of the economic sectors All sustainable development is a result of mismanaging this wealth throughout the past decades at the present time In the year 2020, investment has become one of the topics that occupy an important position in the economic affairs of Iraq and as a result of its importance, it has become an engine for growth and economic development of other industrial, agricultural, trade and service sectors such as tourism, for example, and countries with a single resource such as oil seek to exploit this wealth in the economic diversification of the country, which is considered one The goals that seek to create new sectors for national income so that the total dependence on the revenues of the oil sector decreases, which leads to the recovery of the economy in the event of depletion and depletion of the natural resource - oil - and economic diversification in general is to use the funds of primary resources to create a supportive and permanent base for the country's economy after these resources have run out. Through the establishment of productive and investment industries and the development of infrastructure in areas of real and permanent production and non-dependence on the outside in the import of consumer goods in particular, and economic diversification (from the point of view of the Iraqi economy) is defined as a decrease in the contribution of the oil sector to the gross domestic product and an increase in the contribution of other non-oil productive sectors And a major shift in the structure of the production base Economic diversification through the development of mechanisms and strategies based on a set of dimensions and flexible policies aimed at addressing the existing challenges and creating a diverse national economy based mainly on renewable resources that have high efficiency and integrated with the global economy, in addition to that economic diversification will lead to the elimination of unemployment, especially the prevalent disguised In the departments of the Iraqi state, creating space, engaging the private sector and encouraging it to invest inside the country, and not for capital to escape outside the Iraqi state.

Crude oil plays an important role in the global energy system and an essential element in power generation through its entry into all areas of consumer, production and service life. The importance of crude oil comes from its relative scarcity as a strategic commodity with high economic value. As the financial resources of crude oil in Iraq are of great importance, as the general budget depends directly on oil revenues as the main source for financing development programs.
The research starts from the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between oil revenues and the high rates of economic growth in Iraq. The research aims primarily to achieve the validity of the hypothesis by shedding light on the reality of the oil sector in Iraq, the material and moral potential and the oil concessions, and clarifying the impact of oil revenues and their role in improving economic growth rates. An inductive approach was adopted in order to reach the objectives of the research by identifying the concept of oil revenues and their effect on achieving desirable economic growth rates using the researcher using the quantitative standard method in measuring the effect of oil revenues on economic growth rates in Iraq using the Eviews.9 program.
The most important conclusions and recommendations were reached, including:-
1- Oil revenues are the main source for generating national income and gross domestic product, as Iraq depends directly on oil revenues and thus the hypothesis has been proven correct through the analytical side and the standard aspect as oil revenues play a major role in increasing the gross domestic product and thus improving the growth rate Economic
2- Striving to work on exploiting oil revenues in a way that helps improve economic growth rates in the short term, and then find appropriate solutions for economic diversification in the long run.

The tax is one of the main means that provides the state treasury with various revenues to meet its expenditures, and there are many countries that rely mainly on taxes to finance public services expenditures, but the presence of the oil resource in Iraq, as it constitutes the greater part of the treasury's resources, has reduced interest in taxes by the individuals in charge One of the challenges facing the financial authority in collecting state resources is tax evasion, which is one of the obstacles prevalent in Iraqi society that drains state resources, and this obstacle is also one of the most important problems that represent a "great" challenge to the Iraqi tax system in light of the increasing numbers of evaders. Pay these taxes, whether evasion is totally or partially, The research problem is represented by asking the following question, which is the extent to which the tax evasion operations that took place contribute to reducing the financial revenues of the general budget. Access to the results of the research Statistical Program for Social Sciences (spss-25) The most important findings of the research are that among the important factors for the occurrence of the phenomenon of tax evasion is due to the weakness of the legislation regulating this financial aspect, as well as the absence of temptations by the state for taxpayers to encourage the payment of their funds. The fluctuating social situation and taking this into account in a precise manner in terms of the imposed slides ratios contributes effectively to the payment of the tax by the taxpayer and the absence of the phenomenon of evasion from it.

The research aims to assist government agencies in developing a policy to reduce fraud and suspicions of corruption that includes the conditions, requirements and control procedures that can be adopted when developing procedures and measures to reduce the occurrence of fraud and suspected corruption cases, detect their occurrence, and the measures that should be taken in this case.
And based on the hypothesis of the research that the lack of a written policy and a comprehensive vision for decision makers to reduce fraud and suspicions of corruption would impede efforts to achieve any administrative or economic reform in government agencies, "the research concluded that the most prominent reason for the occurrence of fraud cases is the absence of Systematic vision of the higher management in government agencies to face the weaknesses that they suffer from and thus the lack of strategic policies and plans that clarify the general course of confronting fraud cases before they occur, awareness of them, and take strict measures in the event they occur, which calls for the need for government agencies to adopt a clear and written policy to reduce fraud and suspicions Corruption serves as a framework that includes a set of measures that enhance its capabilities to reduce the occurrence of fraud, monitor its occurrence and deal with it when it does occur, in a manner that secures the consolidation of sound and sustainable institutional behavior and the availability of general directives and determination of responsibilities regarding setting controls to reduce fraud and conducting investigations when necessary to be an important part of the private governance system To combat corruption in those bodies

The oil sector in Iraq is a vital pillar for promoting development in all aspects of economic activity in all its projects and institutions, until this sector acquires a high position in GDP, which has increased its importance as the contribution of other economic sectors, especially sectors, has declined. Productivity (agricultural and industrial), this was evident after the change of the political system in Iraq in 2003 in light of the salvation of the economic embargo and the rapid opening to the outside world, and the imports of various goods from which Iraq was previously deprived. Thus, the Iraqi economy became rentier and one-sided as a result of the oil sector dominating its main components in GDP and total exports, making it the leading financier of investment budgets through oil export revenues, which accounted for more than 95 percent of the total oil export revenues. Of the total sources of financing of Iraq's public budgets, the Iraqi economy has become turbulent and exposed to changes in the world oil markets, and this is what the study proved in its standard aspect when it clarified the harmful effects of the oil sector and its weak role in stimulating economic growth. Iraq during the years studied.

The manufacturing sector in Iraq was severely damaged after 2003, and a large number of public industrial companies stopped, as the mixed industrial sector suffered from marginalization and neglect, and most private industrial projects were faced with many difficulties and challenges that led to the cessation of many of them, or to The delay in its production activities and its inability to face the large quantity of imported goods. The process of promoting the reality of the Iraqi industry requires activating the role of the private sector in industrial development in order to encourage and attract investments to develop existing industrial projects and find solutions to the problems of these projects, as well as the establishment of new projects, by adopting an industrial policy based on the application of methods and mechanisms of partnership between the state and the private sector as It is a developmental approach to enhance the process of employing resources and increasing the utilization of the state’s capabilities and the capabilities of the private sector to generate the strong boost needed to develop Iraqi industry.

In recent years, the international banking arena has witnessed multiple and continuous developments in the nature of banking services provided, and in order for banks to remain able to compete with each other and continue to work, they must keep pace with these developments and continuous changes, forcing banks to engage in unconventional activities and the so-called comprehensive banks appeared. It has taken upon itself to provide banking services to different sectors and not to be limited to a specific sector and to engage in various activities such as establishing investment funds, financial leasing and others, all with the aim of adopting a philosophy of diversification that focuses on the principle of reducing risks and increasing returns.
Therefore, this research came for the purpose of dealing with the various developments and developments in the field of banking, and to give a clear idea about the nature of comprehensive banking work. The research sought to achieve several objectives, including identifying the nature of comprehensive banking work and clarifying the difference between them and traditional banks in addition to presenting a set of recommendations that It can contribute to enhancing the banks ’awareness of the importance of converting to comprehensive banks and the consequent economic growth of the country.
In order to achieve these goals, a hypothetical model was used that expresses the logical relationship between the variables of the study, as comprehensive banks were considered an independent variable that affects the economic development of the country as an dependent variable, and for the purpose of identifying the nature of relationships in the research model, a main hypothesis was developed as an initial answer that this seeks Search to be validated.

The research aims to uncover the role of financial inclusion programs pursued by Iraqi banking companies guaranteeing and granting loans to stakeholders with small and medium enterprises in achieving sustainability and economic development at the financial and societal level with the help of the affected parties and help and finance the youth class of society to build a simple future from simple and environmental projects. On the Iraqi environment from the results of these small start-up projects, so the research followed the deductive approach of the theoretical side and the inductive analytical approach of the practical side. The most important conclusions were that financial inclusion programs must be funded with sustainable aspects to supplement the banking and financial process with developments of economic, social and environmental dimensions by the central bank. Affiliated, both governmental and non-governmental (humanitarian).

The research aims to delve into the depths of disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in traditional accounting thought and contemporary trend in accounting thought that focuses on disclosure of social responsibility as a main hypothesis that contributes to the continuity of the economic unit and is positively reflected on its value, especially in periods that impose crises on units The economic situation is in decline in value, and the research presented many controversial ideas and developments in the accounting knowledge arena and the most important publications of professional accounting bodies in light of the Covid-19 pandemic as one of the crises that ravaged the world. The research indicated that there is a significant correlation between the disclosure of social responsibility and the value of banks by testing the relationship statistically.

The Iraqi industrial sector faces many challenges while carrying out its activities, which are reflected in the level of its performance to achieve industrial development in Iraq, given the lack of sufficient financial and moral support for the industrial sector. The research aims to study the extent of the Iraqi banking sector's ability to participate in the development of the industrial sector through granted loans. As well as studying the policies pursued by the Industrial Bank of Iraq to finance the aforementioned sector. The research was based on hypotheses
1. The role of the banking sector is limited in providing the required investment financing to industrial sector companies in Iraq.
2. The adequacy of the capital available at the Industrial Bank to grant credit to the industrial sector.
The most important conclusions were the weakness and limited role that the banking sector plays in financing industrial projects. Which negatively affected the activities of the sector in Iraq as well as weak financial support for the industrial bank, which affected its activity in financing the industrial sector.
The most important recommendations reached by the research are - the need to increase government support to finance the Industrial Bank of Iraq, so that it can play an active role in supporting the mixed and private industrial sector and developing it by expanding its activity and increasing its ability to grant loans (short, medium and long-term) to the industrial sector.

the information it provides that is useful to investors in making investment decisions, especially if this disclosure contains strategic information, as the disclosure of that information helps to explain and explain the internal and external events surrounding the company, not from It is easy to do this except through the presence of management tools represented by strategic thinking and a quality strategic information system that supports corporate reports.
Here, the research problem appeared, which is the companies\' neglect of the importance of future accounting disclosure according to strategic thinking based on the quality of strategic information that may lead to the failure of investors and other stakeholders to take rational decisions.
The research aimed at exposure to strategic reports that are concerned with linking the internal and external environmental variables of the company with its strategy and the business model it follows, as well as its importance through the growing need for disclosure of strategic information and adopting the paths of this disclosure, in order to increase investor confidence in it and remove their concerns from it, as well as About helping them in the decision-making process and rationalizing it.
The most important conclusion reached by researchers is that strategic thinking is necessary to obtain strategic information, as it deals with goals related to the future through plans and strategies, and that this information is of great importance in the investment decision-making process.
The researchers recommended educating users of lists and reports of companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange about the importance of strategic information disclosed by companies and how to benefit from them in making their investment decisions.

Tax evasion is one of the problems faced by the Tax Authority because of the difficulty of controlling the taxpayers, but this does not include all taxes, but this evasion is mostly in the income tax because the taxpayers need a great effort and work from the General Authority for Taxes and not to deal with the state Unlike the rest of the taxes, to the present time, the tax authorities in Iraq use the traditional methods and methods in the collection of such taxes and this is more difficult task away from the use of modern methods and technology. The study reached a number of recommendations, such as tax evaders should be controlled through the formation of permanent follow-up committees to follow up all business owners and professions, as well as avoiding inappropriate methods of collecting taxes such as the method of tax assessor and resorting to scientific methods, In which the taxpayer works.

The research aims to show the importance of tax diversity in supporting the federal budget, and the extent of its contribution to providing an economic resource to support the federal budget in light of low oil imports, as taxes can represent a reliable financing resource from the total sum of the federal budget if it is properly applied and obligated to the entities subject to it By paying within the timelines mentioned in the tax collection instructions, and decision-makers must deal with transparency and fairness when issuing instructions and presenting the public interest of the state, in a way that achieves economic integration between resources and contributes to supporting the federal budget, which may contribute to supporting financial resources in the federal budget, and blocking The apparent deficit declared by the Ministry of Finance in its terms, and the research recommends referring to the instructions (7) of 1997, and that the accounting be on a monthly basis, and it is subject to the audit of the Office of Financial Supervision, As well as canceling the tax exemptions currently in force or reclassifying some goods and goods financed with the exemption, and working on developing and improving the tax system currently in force in the tax departments in a way that leads to facilitating the process of collecting sales taxes in a gradual and smooth manner

the statistical method (Panel Data Models) employed to measure the relation power between the variables and analyze them, and to show the effect of the explanatory variable (X), which represents the number of Zuhdi type palms, on the dependent variable (Y), which represents the quantity of production of Zuhdi dates. In the Iraqi provinces of the Middle Euphrates (Karbala, Babil, Najaf, and Qadisiya) for the period from (2001-2015). As the two variables were represented graphically to know the trend of the phenomenon and determine its events, and among the most important conclusions that were reached is that the Pooled regression model (PRM) is the best in that it is the most appropriate in representing the relationship between the variable of palm numbers and the variable of productivity of ascetic dates, as well as the presence of an effect The significance of the variable date palm on the increase in the productivity of Zuhdi dates. Whenever the number of palm trees increases by one palm, the amount of production will increase by (0.067). On this basis, a set of recommendations were made to take the necessary care and development of the studied phenomenon, the most prominent of which is the expansion of the study sample (number of sections) to include more than the Iraqi governorates that are famous for palm cultivation, and attention to palm cultivation, especially the Zuhdi variety, because the production of dates contributes significantly to supporting the economy Iraqi.

Small and medium enterprises are of great importance in light of the continuous pressures and environmental challenges faced by the Iraqi society, for this basis it was necessary to work to support and develop this sector as one of the methods of promoting the Iraqi economy. The research aims to test the relationship between the business strategies and the effectiveness of small and medium enterprises. The problem of research is the impact of business strategies on the effectiveness of SMEs funded by the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs. The survey questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, 30 questionnaire forms were distributed, data were analyzed using the SPSS program, and a number of statistical methods were used to test hypotheses. The research found a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the relationship between business strategies and strategies (veiled, defending, analyzing, and responding) and the effectiveness of the SMEs in general. The research ended with a set of appropriate recommendations.

The research seeks to demonstrate the effect of applying the requirements of strategic leadership in enhancing sustainable competitive capabilities in the cement industry, after the application of strategic leadership has become an important requirement not only for the development and upgrading of the institution only, but also to enhance its competitiveness in light of the intense competition and the accelerated competitive race between industrial institutions, especially in The cement industry, and the main objective of the research was to identify the impact of applying the requirements of strategic leadership in its dimensions (entrepreneurial leadership, entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial thinking, strategic management of resources) in promoting sustainable competitive capabilities in the cement industry (profitability, productivity, market share, satisfaction Customers), and to achieve this goal, the researcher has relied on the descriptive and analytical methodologies for the purpose of analyzing the research model and hypotheses and determining the logical relationships between the study variables, if the research considers the requirements of strategic leadership as an independent variable that affects the promotion of sustainable competitive capabilities as a dependent variable, and the researcher also promised the questionnaire form as one of the tools The data collection has included several fascinating parts The first of the first ones: personal data, not individuals of the research sample, while the second part of it dealt with: the paragraphs of the independent variable and the paragraphs of the sub-variables. This part included (20) paragraphs, and in the third part of them it dealt with: the paragraphs of the dependent variable and the paragraphs of its sub-variables. This part contains (20) paragraphs, and in light of that, the researcher used a set of statistical methods in order to test the hypotheses of induction, which were represented by (frequencies, arithmetic means, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, simple regression coefficient, and determination coefficient)

This study aims to investigate the impact of cyber marketing strategies on achieving competitive advantage in Noor Al-Kafeel Investment Company in the two governorates (Najaf Al-Ashraf and Holy Karbala). As for its importance, given the scarcity of studies and research that tried to know the role that cyber marketing strategies play in Noor Al-Kafeel to achieve competitive advantage, this is the only study that addressed these variables, and this study is a treatment of a realistic problem that directly affects the industrial sector in Relationship. The questionnaire was used to collect data, as (125) responses were obtained from the employees of the Noor al-Kafeel Company using the random sample method in the two governorates (Najaf al-Ashraf and Holy Karbala). As the results of the study confirmed that there is an impact relationship of cyber marketing strategies in achieving competitive advantage. As for the most important recommendations, it is to work on establishing strategic alliances between the research organization, the study sample, and other organizations in order to invest expertise in cyber marketing and reduce the weaknesses in the company and work on developing administrative programs that focus on cyber marketing strategies in order to adapt to pressures and environmental variables as it represents the pillar Essential for building economic progress in general and the success of business organizations in particular.

This research aims mainly to determine the impact of visionary leadership on strategic sovereignty through the mediating role of strategic improvisation of Noor Alkafeel Investments Company in the holy Karbala governorate. Globally, to measure its variables, as the scale of visionary leadership included three sub dimensions (vision, empowerment, communication), and the measure of strategic sovereignty is from three sub dimensions (circle of influence, competitive pressure, competitive building), while the scale of strategic improvisation is composed of two sub dimensions. (Entrepreneurial orientation, talent management).
The descriptive analytical approach was adopted as a basic method in the research, and the questionnaire was used as a main tool in collecting the information and data necessary for the research. The sample of the research was represented by a group of employees at Noor Alkafeel Investments Company who are (83) employees.
For the purpose of data analysis and statistical processing, the research adopted factor analysis as a constructive test to measure the validity of the adopted standards, and an appropriate set of measures of descriptive statistics (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, difference coefficient, relative importance), rank correlation coefficient (Spearman's rho), and equation modeling Structural Equation Modeling to measure impact relationships and path analysis. These methods have been used through statistical programs (SPSS V.23; Amos V.23).
were reached Through the research many conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a direct effect of visionary leadership on strategic sovereignty, an indirect effect of visionary leadership on strategic sovereignty through strategic improvisation, and that the strategic improvisation variable mediates the relationship between the visionary leadership in the strategic sovereignty of the company being researched. In light of these conclusions, a set of recommendations were formulated, the most important of which are of value to the researched company, as they were taken into account

The purpose of the current study is to reveal the reflection of the strategic myopia represented in (spatial myopia and temporal short-sightedness) on the satisfaction of the green customer, and accordingly, in order to reveal the level of availability of study variables in some private banks in Wasit Governorate, the questionnaire tool was adopted as a measuring tool that can Through it the detection of the problems and events that stand still without prevention and the development of the studied banks, and thus (80) forms were distributed to a group of workers in these banks, and after tabulating the data it was found that the usable data is (72) a questionnaire, which means that the response rate was In (90%), in order to show the results that the study seeks to clarify, a group of methods was used to ensure that the applied side of the study was tested, and perhaps the most famous of these methods are the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, level of importance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and influence coefficients between variables According to the program (AMOS.V.25), and accordingly the results of the study showed that there is a positive statistically significant effect relationship between the internal variables in the study, and therefore the study suggests the necessity of establishing the studied private banks A company by supporting its service capabilities in achieving customer welfare by identifying green products that contribute to achieving customer satisfaction, which contributes to addressing the strategic myopia that she suffers from, and developing her skills compared to other competitors.

This research paper deals with the issue of the Algerian economy as a rentier economy, as it suffers from the problem of transforming into a diversified and competitive economy, and we will divide this research into three parts by adopting the descriptive and analytical approach, the first part in which we present the latest developments in the Algerian economy, And the second section through which we justify the rentier nature of the Algerian economy, and in the final section we analyze the most important institutional obstacles that prevent the transformation of the Algerian economy from a rentier one to a diversified and competitive economy.

Knowledge management is one of the modern concepts in management science, because its inception dates back to the last decade of the last century, when knowledge management took an important position in the common academic, administrative, economic and technical fields. The importance of knowledge management has increased and flourished in the modern world after its utmost importance increased. In creating, configuring and maintaining competitive advantages for organizations that depend mainly on intellectual resources, specifically on knowledge assets and their investment.
This research aims to formulate an intellectual framework for concepts, types, approaches and theories (knowledge, and employee performance), and to employ the available knowledge accumulation of the main variables of the research (knowledge management and employee performance) in shaping the dimensions of the methodology seeking to achieve the research objectives.
This research was applied in Al-Mansour General Company for Construction Contracting operating within the public construction sector in Kirkuk Governorate - Iraq, due to its leadership in its specialization and its occupation of a distinguished position in the local market. The questionnaire was distributed to the research sample of (25) from the directors of departments and divisions, and working employees, for the purpose of designing a recruitment system for construction productive organizations and their knowledge storage to improve their performance level, and activate their organizational, administrative and strategic capabilities to formulate a knowledge map urging management to invest its capabilities to increase the level of employee performance.
The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that the knowledge portal is an important and necessary tool for practicing various administrative activities in organizations, not only in solving problems, but also in learning and planning in deciding the fate of the production and construction organization and its future through the optimal performance of workers

The general objective of this research is to identify the role of digital tourism marketing to achieve customer-based value through (heart, mind and soul) of the customer in Imam Hussain Holy Shrine. The research relied on the inferential descriptive approach through the opinions of a sample of workers in Imam Hussain Holy Shrine. The research problem, which can be represented by the following: What is the impact of digital tourism marketing and its dimensions in achieving the value based on the customer in its dimensions (mind, heart and soul of the customer) in Imam Hussain Holy Shrine. This research has adopted within the conceptual framework the topic of digital tourism marketing as one of the modern topics as an independent explanatory variable The customer-based value represented by the mind, heart and soul of the customer as a responsive variable, and the analysis was carried out by adopting a set of statistical tools that fit the goal of the research, as the two programs of the SmartPLS statistical package were adopted based on 123 answers from the questionnaire, and the research included a number of conclusions, the most important of which are: The shift towards digital tourism marketing would effectively contribute to reducing effort, time and work flow, which would contribute to achieving attraction, interaction and learning between Customers by targeting them mentally, heartily and spiritually. The research presented a set of recommendations based on the results that were reached.

The issue of foreign monetary reserves is one of the basic and important issues, especially in Iraq, because it is the basis for achieving stability and desired economic growth, by relying on appropriate economic policies, especially monetary policy, and that the reserves have goals, including easing external shocks that occur in the balance of payments and the current account And cash reserves have a great role in enhancing confidence in the resilience of the economy through its ability to fulfill its external and internal obligations, in addition to the ability to develop the country's infrastructure in various sectors such as health and education. The aim of the current research is to show the effect of foreign monetary reserves on the Iraqi economy by analyzing the mutual relationship between them and the exchange rate and some other economic variables that have a relationship with cash reserves.
Despite the importance of the topic, it did not receive sufficient attention, in addition to the lack of specialized local studies, except for some foreign studies, at a time when this topic is important for a modern country such as Iraq that follows a new method of managing cash reserves based on the independence of monetary authorities based on the principles of a free and democratic state.
The research concluded that the floating exchange rate is the best for the Iraqi economy, as it is not possible to return to a fixed exchange rate, despite the decline in oil sale prices and the unstable security conditions as a result of the war, which led to a decrease in the volume of reserves and their retreat from previous years.

Drinking water is the main lifeline in the lives of people and peoples, and Iraq is among the countries that have faced many damages and threats, especially during the previous years, and continue to this day. For this problem, we will use the analysis of the main components of the global analysis to extract the influencing factors and use the binomial variance analysis, and the data were analyzed by the statistical program (SPSS). The results of the analysis showed where four factors were extracted with an explanatory capacity (84.095). Population We notice that the Baghdad governorate differs from all governorates. As for the nature of the stations, we notice that there is a fundamental difference between the governorates.

The petrochemical industry projects are considered one of the large and giant development projects that generate huge sums for the economic sector in the country because these industries work to convert crude oil and natural gas into the production of many different products and industries.
The establishment of petrochemical industries in Iraq is considered one of the successful projects because Iraq possesses a large stock of oil and natural gas in addition to that Iraq is distinguished by its unique strategic location that will contribute to the success of these projects, it can easily export petrochemical products to global markets, and will contribute to creating great job opportunities for citizens and establishing Giant industrial cities in various parts of Iraq, and the interest in developing this sector will contribute to diversifying sources of income in Iraq, as Iraq will be able to rely on petrochemical industries as another source of income in addition to oil and other economic sectors, which will contribute to reducing dependence on oil as the only source of income In the Iraqi economy.