Sport culture

The research aimed to prepare a curriculum with exercises of mental perception in the development of self-awareness and the accuracy of the performance of some basic skills of emerging players in volleyball, as well as to detect differences in self-awareness and the accuracy of the performance of some basic skills of volleyball for junior volleyball players in the tests before and after, as the researcher used the method The experimental design was chosen randomly (one experimental group) random selection with pre- and post-test. The research community represented the players of Shaqlawa Sports Club in Erbil governorate, the junior volleyball group aged (14-16) years for the season The research sample was represented by the whole research community to become (10) players by (71.428 %) of the original community, after the data is unloaded and statistically processed. The researcher has reached several conclusions, the most important of which are: The study showed the effect of the curriculum in the mental visualization exercises prepared by the researcher in the development of awareness and accuracy of the performance of some basic skills of the emerging players in volleyball, as well as the emergence of significant differences between the pre and post tests of the research sample and in favor of the post-tests of the variables under research. To several of the most important recommendations Here, the possibility of utilizing a curriculum with mental perception exercises in developing awareness and accuracy of the performance of some basic volleyball players.

• Detecting the impact of skill training using heavier soccer balls in some physical variables of the first experimental group of advanced football players.
• Detecting the impact of the weighted footballs in some physical variables of the second experimental group of advanced football players.
• Identify the differences between the two post tests in some physical variables for advanced football players and the experimental groups.
The researcher used the experimental method and designed the two experimental groups with pre- and post-test to suit the nature and problem of the research.As for the research community and its sample, the research community identified the first-class players in Salah al-Din governorate for the season (2018-2019), Science consisted of (24) players divided into two groups (experimental) and each group consisted of (12) players, and was used statistical bag Test and choose the appropriate search from them.
The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are:
development in all variables (under study) when comparing the results of the tests before and after the experimental groups and for the benefit of the second experimental group.
In light of the conclusions, the researcher reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:
• Adopting the skill training used in this study by coaches in training advanced football players in order to develop physical qualities.
• Adoption of high-intensity interval training method in training on the physical variables of advanced football players.

The study aimed to :The effect of proposed psychological program in promoting some of basic skills in volley ball for Junior high school team players of Kirkuk city andIdentify the effect of the program in promoting some of basic skills in volley ball for sample members .
The researcher used experimental research design method by using one group, the sample of the study consisted of (20) players who have weak self-confidence , A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data and
the program psychological included of (12) sessions applied (2) sessions per week which lasted (6) weeks .
The researcher used the statiscal means that exist in the statiscal bag(spss) program arithmetical medium , standard deviation , curve coefficient ,T-test for two linked samples , pear son coefficient correlation ,and percent- age .
The results of the study :
- The effectiveness of a psychological program raises the level of the per- formance of some basic skills in volley ball for study sample members .
The researcher recommendation :
-Relying on the psychological program of the researcher in designing the psy- program for various sporting active ,especially Junior high schools.

Abstract the study to Building standard optimal self-confidence for Junior high school team players of Kirkuk cit,andIdentify the degree of optimal self-confidence in the sample members .
The researcher used descriptive and experimental approaches, the sample of the study consisted of(168) players and sample application included (20) players who have weak self-confidence , A questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data .
The researcher used the statiscal means that exist in the statiscal bag(spss) program arithmetical medium , standard deviation ,T-test for two linked samples, person coefficient correlation ,Hypotheticalmean ,andpercentag
The results of the study :
- At the research sample individuals self-confidence but it is a low and simple rate .
The researcher recommendation :
- The need to enhance self-confidence for players and physical education teachers urged its importance as one of the important psychologicalvari- ables and affecting the behavior and performance of volley ball players .

The study aimed to: Prepare of therapeutic exercises with Eccentric muscular contraction in the rehabilitation of patients with partial connective muscle rupture of football youth.
The researcher uses the experimental method and designed one group (simple experimental design) with pre-, inter-, and post-tests to suit the nature and problem of the research.
The researcher determines the research sample by the deliberate method of the young players aged (14-16 years) who represent the club and football school in the country of football in Salahuddin province for the season (2017-2018) and the number of (13) players, and that the researcher selection of the sample search within the category Early age (junior category) because dealing that category gives tangible results and impact on the future of the player to treat and qualify injuries that occur during training or tournaments.
The main results are: The results achieved by the therapeutic exercises prepared by the researcher using the deConcentric muscular contractility proved valid in the rehabilitation of patients with partial connective muscle rupture of football youth.
The researcher recommends the following points: The need to pay attention to the therapeutic exercises Eccentric muscle contraction in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries because of the positive impact of these exercises on the area of injury and the body as a whole.

The study aimed to: Prepare of therapeutic exercises with Concentricmuscular contraction in the rehabilitation of patients with partial connective muscle rupture of football youth.
The researcher uses the experimental method and designed one group (simple experimental design) with pre-, inter-, and post-tests to suit the nature and problem of the research.
The researcher determines the research sample by the deliberate method of the young players aged (14-16 years) who represent the club and football school in the country of football in Salahuddin province for the season (2017-2018) and the number of (13) players, and that the researcher selection of the sample search within the category Early age (junior category) because dealing that category gives tangible results and impact on the future of the player to treat and qualify injuries that occur during training or tournaments.
The main results are: The results achieved by the therapeutic exercises prepared by the researcher using the deConcentric muscular contractility proved valid in the rehabilitation of patients with partial connective muscle rupture of football youth.
The researcher recommends the following points: The need to pay attention to the therapeutic exercises Concentricmuscle contraction in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries because of the positive impact of these exercises on the area of injury and the body as a whole.

Prepare harmonic exercises using auxiliary tools to teach technical performance stages, the effectiveness of high jump in the Fosbury Flop method. It aims also to identify the effect of harmonic exercises using tools to help teaching technical stages level in the effectiveness of high jump in Fosbury Flop method of the experimental group. It is to identify the differences between the experimental group and control in learning the stages of technical performance and level of the effectiveness of high jump in the Fosbury Flop method.
To verify the research objectives, the researcher developed the following hypotheses:
• Harmonic exercises with the use of auxiliary tools affect learning the technical performance of the stages of High jumping effectiveness in the Fosbury Flop method for the experimental group.
• There are significant differences in the levels of the technical performance level of the stages of high jump effectiveness in the Fosbury Flop method between the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group.
• The researcher used the experimental method with the two experimental and controlled groups with pre and post tests for their suitability to the nature of the research. The research community is composed of students at the first stage for the academic year (2019 - 2020) for Morning Classes at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science - Tikrit University, and they are (88) students divided into two groups who represent the two divisions (B, C). As for the research sample, it consisted of two divisions (B and C) and was chosen in an intentional manner, as Division (B) represented the experimental group, which will learn using the auxiliary tools, and (C) the control group that will learn in the usual way followed by course teacher.
The researcher used the following statistical methods:
Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, mean arithmetic difference, standard deviation difference, test (T - test (for coherent and independent samples, percentage, and evolution rate.
The researcher recommends the following :
• The need to use harmonic exercises and various auxiliary tools in educational units because of their great importance in developing physical characteristics and their positive role in developing the level of performance and teaching the effectiveness of high jump.
Emphasizing the use of appropriate aids in line with the ability and capabilities of the research sample

- The effect of the training stimulus of rapid strength training with time of (5) seconds in some physical and skill variables, complex skill performance and the anaerobic ability of the first experimental group players.
- The effect of the training stimulus of rapid strength training with time of (7) seconds on some physical and skill variables, complex skill performance and the anaerobic ability of the players of the second experimental group.
- The effect of the training stimulus of rapid strength training with time of (9) seconds on some physical and skill variables, complex skill performance and the anaerobic ability of the third experimental group players.
The researcher used the experimental approach to its suitability and the nature of the research problem, and the research community determined intentionally by players emerging from the Samarra Sports Club under the age of (16) years old in football and whose number is (27) players and the research sample consisted of (21) players representing (77%) of the research community The sample was divided into three experimental groups, homogeneity and parity were achieved between research groups in variables (age, length, and mass), physical and skill variables, complex skill performance and anaerobic ability under investigation
The researcher recommended a number of recommendations, the most important of which are:
- Adoption of the exciting training time exercises the 9-second the training stimulus of rapid strength training to improve the working muscles of the legs and abdomen because of their effectiveness in positively affecting the sum of the physical characteristics, basic skills and complex skill performance as well as the anaerobic ability of emerging soccer players.

The research aims to: -
To identify the level of obstacles facing the stage of the electronic scientific workshops from the educational point of view of the Faculty and the departments of physical Education and Sports Sciences at Mosul University, the descriptive method was used in the survey method and included the total research sample (165) From the Faculty of physical Education and Sports Sciences and to obtain data, a questionnaire form was designed for the obstacles facing the stages of the establishment of electronic scientific workshops and applied after the availability of scientific conditions in which the data were treated statistically through the computational media, standard deviation, and simple association of Pearson. The percentage, the Seberman Brown equation, the Gitman equation, and the Alpha Kronbach factor Researchers recommended some recommendations:-
.1- The need for the regulators of electronic scientific workshops to review the whole Procedures, steps and phases of their establishment and utilization of this study in a calendar The obstacles to their appearance with the required quality .
2- The introduction by the officials of the organizers of electronic scientific workshops as well as the directors of training courses that include theoretical information and applied practices under the supervision of specialized agencies in the establishment of electronic scientific workshops

The study aimed at:
- Evaluation of the course of Physical Education through the views of the educational specialists and the teachers of physical education for the fields of study (objectives, content, activities, possibilities).
- Identify the nature of the differences in the degree of assessment of the teachers of physical education for the fields of study according to the variables (qualification, experience, gender).
The descriptive method was used by the researcher.
The sample of 53 teachers of physical education in the district of Tawz for the academic year 2018-2019 was chosen by the random stratified method. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool to reach satisfactory research results
The researcher used the following statistical methods :
- Percentage - arithmetic mean - simple correlation coefficient standard deviation - a nova analysis - scheffe test Note that the researcher used the statistical program (spss).
The researcher reached the following conclusions:
First: the degree of assessment of the lesson of physical education for the secondary stage from the point of view of educational specialists for sports education and teachers of physical education for the fields of study (objectives, content, activities, possibilities ).
1- As for the axis of (evaluation of objectives studied physical education) reached the following the goals earn healthy and healthy habits for students.
2- In regard to the axis (evaluation of the content of the lesson of physical education) reached the following the content of the physical education lesson is not commensurate with the planned lessons per week.
The researcher made his conclusions the need to update the objectives of physical education

The study aimed at preparing the measures of strategic planning and the behavior of organizational citizenship to identify their level from the point of view of the managers of tennis tournaments, and to identify the relationship and contribution and impact of the results of the strategic planning scale with the results of the measure of the behavior of organizational citizenship from their point of view, and adopted Researcher descriptive approach in the way of related relations on a sample of the administrators of the internal championships in tennis games represented by members of the federations and coaches and referees working in the central and sub-unions in (14) Iraqi provinces except the provinces of The Provinces of Iraqi Kurdistan, The 238 individuals were all selected to represent the overall sample by 100%. Them The researcher prepared the two measures of the study and applied it to (198) of them for the period from Sunday ( 28/11/2019) until Thursday (16/1/2020), and verified the processing of the study data using the statistical bag system Social (SPSS V26), to be conclusions and applications in that the level of both strategic planning and the behavior of organizational citizenship was not at the required level of the administrators of the local championships in tennis games, which calls for attention to these phenomena and improve their level because of their positive returns in achieving the required organization, Strategic planning is linked and contributes to the behavior of organizational citizenship and affects it in a direct way, i.e. the higher the level of strategic planning, the more this helps to increase the level of organizational citizenship behavior among the administrators of local tournaments in tennis games, and it is necessary to work on a mechanism of understanding. Help to develop and improve the managers of local championships with tennis games, and benefit from the experiences of academics in this because of the benefit of the service of Olympic thought in the management of tournaments.

The researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method because it is more appropriate to the nature of the problem.
The research community included (188) players from the specialized schools in Baghdad governorate representing the difference games (volleyball, basketball, hand and foot) for the sports season (2018-2019) .The research sample consisted of (120) players, a sample that codified the measure of voluntary qualities.

The voluntary qualities measure of (48) words was applied to the members of the rationing sample from 12/7/2019 to 12/8/2019. The researchers corrected the answers of the standardization sample and the use of statistical bag (spss) to extract the criteria of the scale, and the researchers concluded through their research to possess the players of specialized schools administrative attributes. Alia and athletes who have weak voluntary qualities to help them strengthen their qualities, and the researchers recommend building a measure of voluntary qualities of athletes with special needs to identify the qualities. Radia have.

The aim of the research is to identify the role of the "student student" implementers in activating sporting activities from the viewpoint of physical education teachers in Nineveh Governorate schools. To achieve this, the researcher has prepared a questionnaire consisting of (36) paragraphs distributed on five dimensions: planning for the sports activity, managing the sporting activity Exercise, sports activity, capabilities available, incentives. The sample of the study consisted of (90) teachers working in middle, middle and high schools in the Nineveh Education DirectorateThe researcher concluded that the role of the applicants in activating school sporting activities in middle and middle schools was at a high level in general and the two students distinguished in school sporting activity at a high level, but in the incentives axis was a very high level and the pivotal implementation of sports activity and the available capabilities appeared at a high level, either the planning axis at The applicants appeared at an intermediate level, and the researcher recommended the need to increase the interest of the applieders in middle and middle schools in the school sporting activity during the application period and to enhance the performance of the implementers by implementing what they learned in college to activate the school sporting activity and Continuing to motivate students to participate actively in the practice of sports activities and to provide and exploit the available capabilities to serve school sports activities.

The research aims to identify the effect of qualitative exercises in improving some harmonic abilities and manifestations of attention and the level of performance on the composite skills of freestyle wrestling young players, using the test method of test design of two groups ; test and control group using the tribal and dimensional standards of each group, and the research community included wrestling players young players between the ages of 14 and 16 in Iraq, and registered with the Iraqi Wrestling Federation, the researcher selected the sample of the research in the deliberate way of (28) wrestlers, randomly divided into two groups (test and controlled) each strength (10) players, applied on the test group the proposed compatibility capability exercises, applied to the control group the proposed followed by the club, and (8) players were selected from the same research community and outside the basic research sample in order to conduct reconnaissance studies on them, and the most important conclusions showed the program that contains the qualitative exercises differences between the research groups (test and control) in variables (harmonic capabilities - the effectiveness of the motoring performance), surpassing the test group that used the pilot proposed that contains special quality exercises on the control group that used the following proposed (and was the traditional), The most important recommendations are the application of specific exercises under consideration within the training proposed for freestyle wrestling players due to their effectiveness in upgrading harmonic abilities and some aspects of attention and the level of performance of the complex skills

research aims:
- Building a battery of indicators for determining the physical superiority of volleyball players.
Conclusions:
Through the significance of inter-correlations (for anthropometric measurements consisting of (28) body measurements, six factors were reached, of which four factors were accepted in light of the conditions set for accepting the factor, to represent the battery (determinant of physical superiority) for volleyball players, namely.
• The first factor (the length of the body parts).
• The second factor (factor for the circumference of different parts of the body).
• The third factor (thickness of the dermal fold behind the humerus plate).
• The fourth factor (accidental peripheral).
Recommendations
Conducting other studies on other age groups, players, and other sports activities.
Paying attention to the physical and physical aspects, as they are of the utmost importance in achieving winning volleyball matches.

Research Objective:
1- Building a test battery for a determinant of the physical aptitude of volleyball players.
Conclusions:
- Through the significance of the inter-correlations (for physical tests consisting of (33) physical exams, seven factors were reached, of which six factors were accepted in light of the conditions set for accepting the worker, to represent a battery (determinant of physical superiority)) for volleyball players, namely.
• The first factor (the rapid explosive force of the muscles of the upper extremities.
• The second factor (flexibility of different parts of the body).
• The third factor speed.
• The fourth factor the motor speed, not the different parts of the body.
• The fifth factor (elongation of strength of the muscles of the lower extremities.
• The sixth factor (agility in its various forms.
Recommendations:
Conducting other studies on other age groups, players, and other sports activities.
Paying attention to the physical and physical aspects, as they are of the utmost importance in achieving winning volleyball matches.

The value of the current study is embodied in adopting physical exercises with auxiliary appliances and tools that helps in developing the physical variables of the final stage in javelin throw sport. In addition, it investigates the importance of these training appliances and tools which the researcher has used in order to develop the variables of the study to fulfill a better achievement. The problem of the study appears through the researcher’s observation for a variety of training units of the players of the athletic games clubs, particularly, the javelin throw game. The researcher observed that the players suffer from being weak at the final stage of the javelin throw game. The experimental research approach of coherent control has been used as it is the appropriate one for such a study. The population of the study includes the players of the specialty school for the athletic season (2019 - 2020) whose number is (10) players. The sample of the study has been selected intentionally to represent the specialty school of the javelin throw game. It includes (8) players who are divided into two groups (experimental and control) each group consists of (4) players. Harmony between the groups of the study has been taken in consideration concerning the following variables: temporal age, training age, tallness, and mass. In addition, equivalence has been made concerning the variables of the physical abilities, their tests and achievement The researcher has arrived at a number of conclusions: The training exercises with auxiliary appliances which the researcher has used in the practical period of the training unit has resulted in a noticeable development in the physical variables for the members of the control group.The researcher recommends emphasizing on:-Adopting different auxiliary training appliances in training programs because they play an important role in developing the physical variables. They also play a positive role in improving the achievement level in the javelin throw game.

The aim of the research is to identify:
- The degree of psychological profile of the players of the colleges of the University of Mosul in individual and teams games.
- The differences in the degree of psychological profile between the individual and teams games among the players of the colleges of the University of Mosul.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research, the research community included (220) players with (10) colleges and included games (five football, volleyball, badminton, table tennis), by (4) activities, as for the basic research sample It consisted of (190) players, and the research sample was divided into a discrimination sample of (120) players and (10) players as an exploratory experiment, while the application sample of (60) players, The researcher used the psychological profile scale as a tool to collect data prepared by (Ratib and Akheran, 2003) which consists of (20) paragraphs, and is answered by three alternatives (always, sometimes, never), and the overall degree of the scale approaches between (20- 60) degree, and after confirming the accuracy and reliability of the scale, the data obtained by the researcher were statistically processed using (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the simple correlation coefficient of Pearson, the T-test, the hypothetical mean, and the percentage law) The researcher reached a number of conclusions which are what Follows:
- The suitability of the psychological profile scale for the members of the research sample.
- The players of the colleges of the University of Mosul have a degree of psychological profile higher than the hypothetical average of the scale and that the players have a high level of psychological profile, and this indicates that the result is positive and then this will affect the level of their progress in the teams of the colleges of the University of Mosul.
- There are significant differences between the average of individual and individual games in favor of individual games among the individuals in the research sample.

The research aims to: -
1 - Recognizing the influence of the initiative style of the learner on the psychological direction.
2 -Identify the effect of the initiative method from the learner in learning the straight service of ground tennis.
The two researchers used the experimental approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the research sample included (30) students, and by (15) students for the first experimental group that studied the initiative method from the learner and (15) students for the control group who followed the method followed by the school. The two groups were equivalent in the variables height, age, mass and some elements of physical fitness. And it took the implementation of the educational program for the skill of straight transmission in ground tennis for a period of (3) weeks, and according to a weekly educational unit for the two experimental groups, the initiative method of the learner and the control method followed by the teacher. And the unit time is (90) minutes, the post test for the psychological trend scale and the straight transmission test was taken by the ground tennis. The two researchers used statistical methods, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and the T. test, depending on the spss program, and reached the following:
1-The experimental group excelled in the post-tests over the pre-tests in the psychological trend scale.
2-The experimental group surpassed the control group in the post test in the psychological attitude scale.
3-The experimental group outperformed the control group in the post test to test the skill of straight service in ground tennis.

Preparing a recreational program with small games to develop some basic skills in football at the age of (11-12 years). And learning about the effectiveness of small recreational games in developing some basic skills in football at the age of (11-12 years).
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research, and that the research community consisted of students of Al-Najda Primary School in the Ishaqi sub-district, whose ages range from 11-12 years in the fifth and sixth grades of primary school, and their number is 44 students as it was chosen deliberately, as for the research sample, it reached 24 students were randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group of 12 students, a control group of 12 students, after excluding the pilot sample of 8, and participants with the school team, who were 6) students, repeaters and patients (4), And they are (2 absent, and an experimental design called (equivalent groups with tribal and dimensional tests that fits with the research objectives and field procedures) was used.
The educational program included 8 recreational units, and the implementation of the program took 4) weeks at the rate of (2 educational units per week, and the implementation of the main experiment began on 2/24/2019 until it ended on 3/20/2019.
The researcher used the following statistical methods: (spss, percentage, percentage - arithmetic mean - standard deviation - skew coefficient - simple correlation coefficient - (T) test for correlated samples - analysis of variance.
The researcher recommended and suggested Mayati:
- The necessity of using and implementing the recreational program based on the use of small games in physical education lessons and giving them great importance to their effective impact on the development and improvement of basic skills in football

Preparing a recreational program with small games to develop some basic skills in football at the age of (11-12 years). And learning about the effectiveness of small recreational games in developing some basic skills in football at the age of (11-12 years).
The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research, and that the research community consisted of students of Al-Najda Primary School in the Ishaqi sub-district, whose ages range from 11-12 years in the fifth and sixth grades of primary school, and their number is 44 students as it was chosen deliberately, as for the research sample, it reached 24 students were randomly assigned to two groups, an experimental group of 12 students, a control group of 12 students, after excluding the pilot sample of 8, and participants with the school team, who were 6) students, repeaters and patients (4), And they are (2 absent, and an experimental design called (equivalent groups with tribal and dimensional tests that fits with the research objectives and field procedures) was used.
The educational program included 8 recreational units, and the implementation of the program took 4) weeks at the rate of (2 educational units per week, and the implementation of the main experiment began on 2/24/2019 until it ended on 3/20/2019.
The researcher used the following statistical methods: (spss, percentage, percentage - arithmetic mean - standard deviation - skew coefficient - simple correlation coefficient - (T) test for correlated samples - analysis of variance.
The researcher recommended and suggested Mayati:
- The necessity of using and implementing the recreational program based on the use of small games in physical education lessons and giving them great importance to their effective impact on the development and improvement of basic skills in football

The research problem was to answer the following question:
Is there a relationship to differentiated education with anxiety and the success rate of the 7-meter throw for some students practicing handball?
The aim of the research was:
1- Identify the relationship of differentiated education with anxiety and the success rate of the 7-meter throw for some students practicing handball.
The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the problem, and the research sample included (8) students from the fourth grade for the 2017-2018 academic year from the original research community of (14) students, which constituted (57,142%), and the researchers used the statistical means represented by the (SPSS) system. ) To extract the statistical parameters ((simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), multiple correlation, arithmetic mean, standard deviation)).
The researchers recommended the following:
1- The necessity of the coaches' constant attention and attention to the levels of anxiety that accompany the players during the match and direct them significantly and accurately in order to enable students in the match and direct them properly.
2- Conducting introductory courses to reduce the risks of causes of anxiety and analyzing them in order to reach the correct sports performance.
3- Urging students through daily performance in consolidating the anxiety states accompanying success through accurate observations at the high level (their strengths - and weaknesses) and what the team has from the advantages that outweigh the competitors.

 Research Aims :
1- Building a measure of awareness of the devotional deviations of teachers of physical education in Salah Al-Din Governorate.
2- Knowing the level of awareness of the stigma deviations among the teachers of physical education in Salah Al-Din Governorate . The research community was determined by the comprehensive inventory method represented by the members of the teaching staff of the Physical Education teachers in Salah Al-Din Governorate, who number (137) teachers distributed throughout the districts and areas of Salah Al-Din Governorate for the academic year 2019/2020, and the research sample consisted of (125) teachers from the members of the authorities teaching in Salah Al-Din Governorate represented (91,24%).
The Researcher has reached the most important recommendations:
1-Focusing on awareness of devotional aberrations by adding curricula and courses in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science.
2- Working on to establish periodic educational sessions and seminars for the purpose of introducing physical education teachers to new research and studies related to the stewardship of students and all that is new in this field and to make them aware of that.

The research includes the introduction and the importance of the research, where the feeling of psychological alienation is one of the painful and complex psychological, social and economic problems that athletes are exposed to as a result of their lack of security and reassurance in addition to their feeling of loneliness, and the goal of the research is to identify the level of psychological alienation, the level of aggression and the relationship of the feeling of psychological alienation With some manifestations of the aggressive personality of football players in specialized schools in Baghdad governorate, the researchers hypothesized the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the feeling of psychological alienation and the manifestations of the aggressive personality of soccer players. The descriptive approach was used in the survey method and the correlational relations for its suitability. The nature of the research was chosen. Football in the specialized schools of the governor of Baghdad, and they were randomly selected (121) players, and the sample of the exploratory experiment consisted of (5) players. The researchers used the psychological alienation scale, which consists of (48) items, and (6) domains, as well as the aggressive personality scale. As for the alternatives to the scale, they are four alternatives (strongly agree, agree, tend to agree, tend to reject) and the researchers made their exploratory experiment on (5) players From outside the research sample, during which the players understood the two scales, the clarity of the paragraphs, and overcoming the difficulties that occur during the experiment in order to prepare for the main application of the two scales, the scientific characteristics of the two scales were also extracted and the statistical bag (spss) was used to find statistical means and the fourth chapter included a presentation The results were discussed in the aforementioned tables, and in Chapter Five, the most important conclusions were reached:
1- The existence of a significant (direct) correlation between psychological alienation and the aggressive personality of football players.
2- Football players in specialized sports schools were distinguished by a weak level of psychological alienation and a low level of aggressive behavior.

. The research problem focused on the following questions: Do volleyball coaches have the necessary training competencies? The aim of the research: was to identify the level of training competencies of Premier League volleyball club coaches from the players' point of view.
The research imposed: that coaches of Premier League clubs in volleyball possess a low level of training competencies. The fields of research were: The human field: the advanced volleyball club players participating in the Premier League competitions for the sports season (2018-2019). The temporal domain: 10/15/2018 - 5/5/2019. The spatial domain: the internal halls of the participating clubs in Volleyball Premier League (People's Hall) - (Industry Club Hall). As for the statistical methods used, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, are used to describe the research variables. percentage. The following percentage is used to explain the training level (and competencies).

The research problem focused on the following question: Do volleyball coaches have the ability to manage sports talent? What is their level of ownership of it?
As for the research objectives: Building a measure of sports talent management for Premier League club coaches in volleyball from the players' point of view. Knowing the level of sports talent management for Premier League club coaches in volleyball from the players' point of view. It was imposing search. The coaches of Premier League clubs should have a low level of sports talent management. As for the research method: the researcher used the descriptive approach in two styles (survey and interrelationships) for its relevance and the nature of the research problem. As for the conclusions, the coaches of the Premier League volleyball clubs had a very good level of sports talent management. Recommendations Encourage the method used by volleyball coaches in managing sports talents. Adopting coaches who possess high sports knowledge in developing the talents of volleyball players because of their positive role in managing sports talents.

1- Building the transformational leadership scale for sports and scout directors.
2- Knowing the availability of transformational driving axes for sports and scout directors.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the nature of the current study. The researcher chose the sample of the study in an intentional way, amounting to (6834) teachers, and they represent the research community. The adult (355).
The transformational leadership scale contained six areas and the total of the paragraphs was (47) paragraphs. The researcher used the five-year estimation scale and several statistical methods were used (the mean, the standard deviation, the percentage, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the T test for the two extremes, the Getman equation, Siperman Narown, Alpha Factor Method).

1- Building a measure of organizational change for sports and scout directors.
for sports and scout directors. 2- Knowing the level of organizational change
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method for its suitability to the 1nature of the current study. . The researcher chose the sample of the study in an, and they represent the research intentional manner, amounting to (6834) teachers,community To achieve the goals of the research, the study sample was divided into two sections a sample for the scale building sample, and its sample was (380) ) teachers and the other section. The organizational change scale contained four areas and the total of the paragraphs, so it was (24) items. The researcher used the five-year estimation scale, and several statistical methods were used, namely (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient, test (T) for the two extremes, the Gateman equation, superman narrows Factor Method).
As for the researcher's findings, they are the validity of the organizational change scale Also, the areas of organizational change are available to a weak degree, and that the most available field is the technological field The researcher recommended more attention to teachers and workers in the directorates of sports and scout activity, and to provide broader powers to keep pace with the rapid changes for the better

The research aims to compare teaching practices among physical education teachers in public and privet schools in the center of Erbil governorate through:
- Identify the differences of teaching practices among physical education teachers in public and privet schools.
- Identify the differences of teaching practices axis among physical education teachers in public and privet schools.
The researchers hypothesis the following:
- There is a statistically significant difference of teaching practices among physical education teachers in public and privet schools.
- There is a statistically significant difference of teaching practices axis among physical education teachers in public and privet schools.
The researcher used descriptive design by comparison style which appropriates with the nature of the research, in addition a questionnaire used in order to collect the data. Moreover, the study sample consists of physical education teachers in public and privet schools in the center of Erbil governorate numbered (161) participants, and after collecting the data from the sample was analyzed by (t) test formula for not correlated samples.
Recommendations:
- Taking benefit from teaching method teachers through inviting him to present lectures for physical education teachers at schools.
- Opening development courses for teachers in public and privet school on teaching methods and applied processes in class in addition to utilizing sport tools and devices and how to finish the lesson.
- Encourage the individuals with excellent performances in the teaching practices and motivate them through presenting gifts.

The study aimed to identify the relationship of physical intelligence - kinesthetic with some basic skills of young handball players.
The researcher used the descriptive approach with correlational relations, and the research sample consisted of (12) players from Iraqi clubs, the youth group participating in the Qatar Clubs League for the 2018/2019 sports season, representing (12.5%) of the community of origin, whose number is (96) players representing ( 8 ) Clubs, and the researcher used the appropriate statistical means, as he used the statistical bag spss.
The researcher has reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a moral correlation between physical intelligence - kinesthetic and some basic handball skills under study, and in light of the results obtained, the researchers put a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to give physical intelligence - kinesthetic great importance when selecting players with a ball. The hand, as well as the emphasis on conducting physical-kinesthetic intelligence tests during training and when selecting players for playing positions

The aim of the research is to build an advisory program in developing psychological happiness among young soccer players, preparing and codifying the measure of psychological happiness, and revealing the level of psychological happiness among youth soccer players for Salah Al-Din Governorate clubs. (170) players, and a sample of them was chosen intentionally by (20) players and represented into two control groups and the other is experimental and each group (10) Two players were used, and the experimental approach was used to achieve the goals of the research, and a psychological happiness scale that consists of (32) paragraphs was used. And the indicative program consisting of (10) sessions was prepared and implemented and was implemented by two sessions per week and at the time of one session (45) minutes. The researcher concluded that there is an effect of the advisory program prepared for the development of psychological happiness according to the techniques and methods used in its application for young players in the Samarra Sports Club in Salahuddin Governorate, and the researcher recommended the use of instructional programs in facilitating the work plan of researchers and trainers to build special programs concerned with the psychological preparation of all Age groups of athletes, searching for the causes of psychological problems and their sources in a way that is compatible with the sporting environment to reach scientific results that take into account the environmental, social and economic factors of the player and according to their specificity during planning for building instructional programs and determining their scientific priorities.

The research goal: To prepare a pilot program in developing social support for soccer players, and to discover the impact of a pilot program on developing social support for soccer players.
To verify the objectives of the research, set the following hypothesis: Are there statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the results of the dimensional tests in developing social support? A player and the research sample consists of (14) players divided into two groups, each group (7) players, The researcher used the social support scale as a measurement tool, which consists of (32) paragraphs. The indicative program consisting of (10) sessions was prepared and implemented and was implemented by two sessions per week and at the time of one session (45 minutes). The researcher concluded that there is an effect of the instructional program prepared in The development of social support in accordance with the techniques and methods used in its application for young players in the Samarra Sports Club in Salah al-Din Governorate, the guided program designed to solve psychological problems, especially in the preventive aspect of young players, affects according to the sessions included in the guiding program when applied, and The researcher recommended the use of instructional programs in facilitating the work plan of researchers and trainers to build special programs concerned with the psychological preparation of all age groups for athletes, and searching for the causes of psychological problems and their sources in a manner compatible with the sports environment to reach scientific results that take into account the environmental, social and economic factors of the player and according to their specificity in During planning for building instructional programs and setting their scientific priorities.

Identify the organizational culture and its relationship with the professional competence of the heads of sports clubs in the northern region approved for volleyball . The research sample was deliberately selected from the members of the administrative bodies of the northern region clubs, who are (186) members and percentage (100%) and represent (20) clubs and by (12) clubs in the first class (8) clubs in the first class The research reached the following conclusions: 1-The results showed that club presidents in the northern region possess a high organizational culture in managing their clubs 2-The results showed the effectiveness and validity of a measure of professional competence among presidents of the Premier League and First Division clubs in the northern region of volleyball
3- The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the organizational culture and the professional competence of the heads of the Premier League and First Division clubs in the northern region of volleyball
4-The results showed that the heads of clubs in the northern region have professional competence in managing their clubs
In light of the findings, the researchers recommended the following:
1-Organizational culture is an important and effective element, and it should introduce its importance to members of sports clubs .
2- The professional competency scale has a scientific significance that must be approved by clubs .
3- Organizational culture and professional competence important administrative elements to establish introductory and development courses for the elements of professional competence and their role in distinguishing sports institutions Conducting other studies on organizational culture and professional competence for other levels and samples in various administrative and sports institutions.

The study aimed to know the effect of ballistic training method on improving strength characterized by speed, focus of attention and accuracy of the skill of striking volleyball. The researcher used the training approach and the study was conducted on a sample of (25) players in the Industry Club and divided into two groups, one of them was a control and consisted of (12) players, and the other was an experimental one that consisted of (13) players. The application program was applied to the applied group by three training units per week. One at a time of (60) minutes in one training unit for a period of (8) weeks, and the control group applied the traditional program. After treating the data statistically, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in favor of the post measurement for members of the control group in most of the strength tests characterized by speed. The dimensional statistical data also indicated the existence of statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group members compared with the control group members in the force variable characterized by speed, focus of attention and accuracy of the skill of spiking volleyball. The researcher recommends using ballistic training with different intensities (30% -50%) on volleyball players at the age of (16-18) years.

The study aimed to identify positive and negative thinking, the level of ambition and its relationship to the performance of some basic offensive skills with basketball among students of the second stage of Salah al-Din University of the Faculty of Education Shaqlawa Department of Physical Education, The research community consisted of (23) male and female students from the second stage, and they were chosen randomly and by lot to an experimental group of (7) students and the control group of (7) students, and (4) students were excluded because of gender. (5) Students for the pilot sample. The skill and psychological tests were conducted in the private halls of the College of Education in Shaqlawa, and the psychological scale for positive and negative thinking and the level of ambition scale were used, which are two measures that were built by analogy to middle school students in the Iraqi environment. Where he used the appropriate statistical means that achieve the goal of the research, and the results were analyzed using the percentage, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variance, mode, and the simple correlation coefficient of (Pearson). The results of the study showed a significant correlation between positive and negative thinking and correction of reliability. The absence of a moral correlation between positive and negative thinking and correction from the jump, as well as the presence of a significant correlation between the level of ambition and correction from the evidence, the absence of a significant correlation between the level of ambition and correction from the jump.In light of the results of the study, the researcher recommended the need to pay attention to the psychological aspect in learning basic offensive skills in basketball, especially positive thinking and the level of ambition. Inducing students' morale during training and practice in order to increase learning motivation. Raising the level of ambition of the students so that this is reflected in the effort to reach the good level in performing some types of correction and scoring goals

The aim of the research is to build a measure of motivation for handball players as well as to identify the axes of motivation and the level of motivation for players of excellent handball clubs in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. Due to the diversity of the research objectives, the researcher has to use the descriptive approach (by the survey method to build the motivation scale), as well as the descriptive method to identify the level of the motivation axes (the moral axis, the material axis, the technical and organizational axis) and then the level of motivation for handball players in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. The researcher relied to study this problem on the (motivation) scale, after the researcher built the (motivation) scale, and then it was used by the researcher on handball players to obtain the level of motivation and its interlocutors, where the results were processed through statistical means such as the arithmetic mean Standard deviation and theoretical mean. After presenting the results and discussing them, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including that it appeared through the results that the degree of the arithmetic mean of the axes of motivation (the moral axis, the material axis, the technical and organizational axis) of the players is less than the hypothetical average, and it was also revealed through the results that the members of the sample have low scores in (Motivation), and accordingly, the researcher recommends working on knowing the level of motivation for players of excellent handball clubs in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, and working to raise the level of motivation by developing a program and plans to raise the level of motivation. The necessity of the federation’s interest in tournaments, by setting up fixed periodic tournaments on time, as well as developing plans to raise the level of the game by taking care of the technical and organizational aspects of the tournaments

The game of football is a group of games characterized by players with many mental and motor skills so it was necessary to upgrade and integration of the level of these abilities to apply the duties required by the players in the games to achieve the best achievements, and became a distinctive feature of all those activities that require actions The mobility of the players inside the stadium, whether in defense or attack, and play mental and motor skills play a key role in the level of playing football so must prepare them well from the mental and motor aspects to the fullest, especially that Live show overlapping skills with mental and motor aspects and here lies the importance of research.
The problem of research is that by informing researchers of a number of research and scientific sources, they found that many of the trainers when giving them motor skills do not rely mainly on the use of mental skills, and because mental processes are the ones that control all the actions and activities that are issued in the individual within the educational environment, Increasing the ability of the learner to store, retrieve and benefit from learned information in a better way, which requires us to study effectively to know its impact on the learning process, so the researchers decided to go into such a study to provide the learners with the importance of mental skills And their relationship in some football skills of young players at the Academy of Mathematical Science Club.
The objectives of the research summarized as follows:
- Identify the level of mental skills and some football skills of young players.
- Identify the correlation between the mental skills and the basic skills of young football players.
The researchers hypothesized that there was a statistically significant association between the mental and motor skills of football players.
As for the research methodology, the researchers used the descriptive method of survey methods and correlative relationships to suit the nature of the research.
The research society and its model: The research society represented the youth players in the sports academies of football in the province of Salah al-Din, which are (5) academies and their details are shown in the table below. The number of players reached (180) players. The sample of the research was chosen in a deliberate way, Reel and Academy football club for the season (2018 - 2019) for the youth group of (40) players after the exclusion of goalkeepers
The researchers found the following results: The overall mental skills in the sample are low, and there is a significant correlation between the mental skills and football skills of the players. There are also differences in the psychological skills in football skills .