Journal of Business Economics for Applied Research

This research focuses on the impact that the exchange rate can have on some indicators of economic development, as the exchange rate plays an important role in the economy, whether macro, which aims to achieve economic growth, reduce unemployment, price stability and increase exports, or microeconomics based on the interpretation of the economic behavior of the individual or the facility is either producers or consumers, and since the exchange rate means the process of exchanging one currency for another, it leaves significant effects on the economy when it rises or falls, which may be positive or may be negative , The research dealt with the effect of the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar as one of the economic variables for the period (2004-2019) using standard statistical methods and by adopting the quantitative approach based on economic measurement using the Autoregressive Distributed Deceleration Model (ARDL) to measure the relationship between the exchange rate and some indicators of economic development, and it showed The results of the analysis: There is a positive long-term equilibrium relationship with economic development during the study period

The Study aim to find the relationship and influence between Conscious leadership in its four dimensions (self-consciousness, Awareness and emotional others , cognitive-consciousness, situation-consciousness) in enhancing Strategic Ambidexterity (ambidexterity Exploratory, ambidexterity Exploitative) For the academic leaders at the University of Kirkuk, as the study problem was identified by several questions represented in the nature of the relationship and influence between the study variables In order to verify the validity of the hypotheses, all of them were subjected to multiple tests, The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the research applied the comprehensive inventory method and represented the study community with academic leaders at the University of Kirkuk, (132) were distributed A questionnaire on the research sample represented by the academic leaders at the University of Kirkuk, and (126) questionnaire forms were retrieved The valid ones for analysis are (119), i.e. (90.1%) of the studied sample, and the researchers used a set of statistical methods By processing the data and extracting the results, one of the most notable conclusions was that there was an effect of Conscious leadership in enhancing Strategic Ambidexterity.

The current study aimed to discover the effect relationship between the well-being of the leader through its dimensions (happiness at work, positive feelings, physical health, perceived social value, satisfaction with life) (independent variable) and the diversity of behavioral responses (positive behavioral responses, negative behavioral responses) (a variable The current study adopted the questionnaire as a method for collecting data on the subject under study. The questionnaire covered (120) individuals randomly, and the researchers used the descriptive analytical approach. The study resulted in a number of conclusions, most notably: Lack of interest in studying the subject of the leader's well-being by researchers in the organizational field at the level of Arab studies, which made it impossible to fully encompass it and the dimensions it embraces. While the issue of the diversity of behavioral responses among workers witnessed sharp discussions by scientists and researchers, especially in the field of psychology, which resulted in perceptions that reveal different visions on the subject of behavioral responses and their types. A way that contributes to giving this topic its importance and thus expanding in defining the embodied dimensions of what it is, as well as penetrating into the field of behavioral responses and in a way that takes them out of the circle of narrowness into the circle of widening so that other types are presented that go beyond what was presented by the current study and previous studies.

The research aimed to measure the relationship and impact between the dimensions of organizational justice and job silence that appear in the educational sector in Nineveh Governorate, and the dimensions of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, and Interactional justice), while the dimensions of job silence (acquiescence silence, defensive silence, Protective silence, Pro-Social Silence) and the shape of the size of society (1657) while the sample amounted to (441) human resources, the research adopted the descriptive analytical method to treat and interpret the variables and the questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting field data and a total of (550) forms were distributed and (441) valid forms were retrieved for analysis, the statistical program (SPSS V.26) was used as well as a set of statistical tools including frequency distributions, Average, standard deviations, response rate, Gronbach Alpha, correlation coefficient (spearman) and regression line equation, the research adopted several hypothesis that reflect the nature of the correlation and influence relations between the research variables and after the statistical treatments to which the data of the applied side were subjected, a number of conclusions were reached, the most important of which are there is no relationship between organizational justice as all and job silence ,as well as the existence of a correlation between each dimension of organizational justice and job silence, the research presented a set of recommendations, including the promotion of distributive justice by seeking to improve the wages and salaries policy and paying attention to the job description card in the general directorate of education in Nineveh governorate.

The current research aims to indicate the role of strategic renewal in product development in the General Company for Textile and Leather Industries, an exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of (52) individuals, including managers and supervisors, to determine the extent of their company's interest in the research variables by adopting a questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to those respondents. In light of the data collected from them, the relationships and influence between strategic renewal and product development were tested using some statistical methods. A set of conclusions was reached, the most important of which was to verify the existence of a correlation relationship and a significant effect between strategic renewal and product development in the researched companyBased on the conclusions of the study, a set of proposals that are compatible with it were presented, the most important of which is that the management of the company under study should pay attention to the aspects of strength indicated by the current study with regard to strategic renewal and product development, and address the weaknesses in them through the application of appropriate means.

The study seeks to show the extent to which the community of practice reaches in promoting open innovation processes in the Iraqi health sector, and what will be reflected on learning. The field under study may suffer from a weakness in employing communities of practice to support open creativity. To determine the extent and magnitude of the effect under study, a measurement model and relationships were proposed and a primary hypothesis and two sub-hypothesis were tested. A survey was conducted, and a questionnaire was used to collect study data from the field, and (341) responses were obtained from the total number of (2381) doctors registered in the Nineveh Branch of Physicians. The data and information collected from the field were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) and other statistical methods that were implemented using software (AMOS, SPSS and SmartPLS V.3.3.9). The study results revealed that the communities of practice have a direct impact on the dimensions of the "community of practice" in Open creative processes. The study suggests that individuals in the health sector be aware of the importance of belonging to communities of practice. Add to. The need for the senior management of Nineveh Health to pay attention to the formation of these informal communities.

The current research aims to determine the role of emotional marketing in brand awareness, and Asiacell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq/Mosul city was chosen as a field for research, for the purpose of achieving the goal and answering the questions of the intellectual problem of the research, the most important of which was (How focused is the organization under study on brand awareness?), The sample was chosen from the clients of Asiacell Company in the city of Mosul (354) and it amounted to Statistical methods were used, including the descriptive analytical method, in analyzing data and extracting results through the use of statistical programs (AMOS24, SPSS V26), The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that the company in question adopts emotional marketing in its activities in a limited way, which is reflected in the process of attracting customers and attracting them to acquire its services compared to competitors, There is a significant correlation between emotional marketing and brand awareness, As well as a significant effect relationship between emotional marketing and brand awareness, and the most important proposals were to emphasize the increased interest in the dimensions of emotional marketing and its greater support by the researched company

The concept of marketing intelligence has received great attention, and its role has expanded in the work of organizations in general. And marketing excellence by studying and analyzing the concepts of the aforementioned variables, drawing the theoretical framework for them, identifying the reality of the relationship between them, and showing the level of promoting excellence.
The research problem dealt with how to enhance marketing excellence through the effects of the dimensions of marketing intelligence, and the importance of the research comes in the extent of its contribution to the scientific aspect and clarifying the concepts of intelligence and excellence by presenting a group of researchers' opinions in this regard.
The study was based on a set of main hypotheses using the statistical program (SPSS) for the data obtained through the questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of workers

The research aims to navigate the periphery of marketing science to learn about the nature of the relationship between internal communications in individuals working to promote the ethics of the pink marketing mix in the singular stores in Tikrit City, because these variables are now increasingly important to the public, as well as to recognize illustrative concepts and highlight the strength of the relationship and impact between research variables. The analytical descriptive approach was adopted to collect and describe the data collected by means of identification as the main tool of study. The pink retailer in Tikrit was identified as the field of current study. The study community is represented by individuals working in those stores. A random sample of 50 individuals was selected. To process the data, the SPSS program was used: Using a range of statistical tools to achieve research objectives (computational medium, standard deviation, relative importance, Pearson correlation coefficient). The research found a range of findings, most notably the existence of a meaningful correlation between internal communications and the ethics of the pink marketing mix, and that internal communications positively influence the ethics of the pink marketing mix in the singular stores.
Based on these findings, the two researchers presented a set of proposals consistent with the conclusions presented.

The research aimed to identify the availability of strategic quality management dimensions, represented by (participatory management, employee empowerment, incentives and rewards, job satisfaction) in the Nineveh Health Department and a number of affiliated hospitals, and for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, The field of research was identified in the Nineveh Health Department and a number of its affiliated hospitals, and the data were collected by adopting the questionnaire form as the main tool for research, and a sample (intentional) of managers, which amounted to (144) directors of senior management, represented by (directors of the department and their assistants, heads of departments, and directors of divisions) was used in the Nineveh Health Department, and relied on statistical means used to analyze and process data, represented by ready-made statistical programming (SPSS.V26)according to its available tools, including (repeats, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of difference and response ratio), and the research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach, and in the end the research reached a number of results, the most important of which is the availability of strategic quality management dimensions in the Nineveh Health Department and a number of its affiliated hospitals.

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of adopting the IFRS9 standard on the level of narrative disclosure. The research dealt with a sample of (12) banks listed in the Iraqi Stock Exchange, and for the period from (2011-2020, with an average of (120) views. Depending on the data of (2021), the net profit for the year (2022) was estimated using (Forecasting: Time Series Expert Modeler). The applied results of the research were reached through the use of statistical methods and content analysis of the financial reports of banks. The research reached a set of the results include the existence of a positive and significant correlation relationship between the adoption of the IFRS9 standard and the narrative disclosure (in all its dimensions), and there is a significant effect of the adoption of the IFRS9 standard on the level of narrative disclosure. Which means that the higher the level of adoption of the criterion (IFRS9) in banks. The higher the level of disclosure of narrative information, so the research recommends the need to work on developing the intellectual and professional capabilities of workers in banks applying the (IFRS9) standard, Increasing the interest of banks in narrative disclosure, due to its positive effects on the results of the bank's activities

The research aims to study and analyze the relationship between accounting conservatism and earnings management. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods through the (SPSS) statistical program to study and analyze the relationship and the effect between the variables of the current research. Profits were measured using the modified Jones model and Miller's model. The research found important results confirming the existence of a negative correlation with a significant significance between accounting conservatism (according to the “%TACC” scale) and earnings management, while the conservatism relationship (according to the MTB scale) with earnings management (according to the Miller scale) was insignificant, and the effect of Accounting conservatism in earnings management has a negative effect (according to the “%TACC” scale), while it has not been proven that there is a significant effect of accounting conservatism (according to the MTB scale) in earnings management according to the second scale (Miller). The research recommended the necessity of obligating the Iraqi economic units to a policy of accounting conservatism at a reasonable level without exaggerating it in order to reduce the earnings management

Purpose: Many countries are using Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the healthcare sector to take advantage of digital transformation and modern technologies. This transformation has been positively reflected on patient care, after enabling doctors to diagnose patients more accurately and obtain better treatment results for that, the current study seeks to achieve a main goal of identifying the acceptance of IoT technologies by medical care providers in health institutions in Nineveh Governorate.
Design / Methodology / Approach: The study used the deductive approach through the Technical Acceptance Model (TAM), which is represented by the variable of Subjective norm, job status, quality of output, job suitability and proof of result in addition to the perceived ease of use, perceived benefit, attitude and behavioral intention. For the purpose of data collection, the survey method was used by means of an electronic questionnaire prepared based on a number of studies in this field, and the study targeted doctors, dentists, and pharmacists as the elements of the study sample, and the sample size was (300), and modeling with structural equations was used to test hypotheses the study.
Results: The results revealed that job fit has a significant impact on the perceived benefit of using IoT technology in the medical field, but job status, perceived ease of use, and Subjective norm have no direct effect on the perceived benefit of using this technology in the medical field. In addition, factors including behavioral intent, subjective criterion, and perceived ease of use significantly influenced clinicians' attitudes toward the use of IoT technology, the job status of medical staff, and physicians' behavioral intention to use. Moreover, clinicians' perceived benefit does not significantly influence behavioral intent to use.
Suggestion: Developing the skills of the medical staff through self-learning or brainstorming sessions, which contributes to stimulating new ideas that help solve the difficulties facing the application of Internet of Things technology in the field of health care.

The current research aims to know the reality of the dimensions of agile leadership represented, such as: (speed, flexibility, efficiency, coordination and technology followed) in Asiacell Company, The research hypotheses were formulated, the most important of which was (the dimensions of agile leadership are not available to the leaders of the company in question). The research field was represented by Asiacell Company in Iraq, while the research community included all workers in information technology projects, who numbered (457), as the comprehensive inventory method was used to determine the research sample by distributing the questionnaire (the main research tool) electronically to all members of the community. 388 questionnaires received. The analytical descriptive approach was also relied upon as the appropriate approach to the research objectives, as the field data were analyzed using ready-made statistical programming (SPSS,V.25) and the program (AMOS,V.25). The most important conclusions were that the overall average of the answers of the individuals in the research sample was good and positive, and this explains the level of awareness and care that the researched company gives to these dimensions in it. The research concluded with a number of recommendations, the most important of which is the promotion of care and attention to the variable of agile leadership by the company in question, by instilling the culture of this type of leadership in the minds of the administrative leaders, and trying to show the extent of the importance

the Gann square of nine for Technical Analysis is a Global Positioning System (GPS) that helps traders to identify the locations where the trend of cryptocurrency prices will be reversed, through the so-called price charts and other auxiliary technical analysis tools that are presented on the platform MetaTrader (5) for technical analysis and trading, which reflects for traders the price movements of cryptocurrencies, which charts for traders the current path of the price direction (bullish, sideways, bearish), and determines for them the current location that prices have reached (overbought, equilibrium, oversold) , on the basis of which they take the appropriate investment decisions that are commensurate with the location of the specified price (peak purchase) sell decision, (accidental) wait decision, (peak sell) purchase decision, taking into account reducing the risk associated with those investment decisions.

The importance of the study is highlighted by the pivotal role represented by the human element in contemporary tourism organizations, in light of the development of modern management systems that pay more attention to human capital, as it represents the most important resource for tourism organizations. The Iraqi Tourism Authority of the Nineveh Tourism Department, in order to determine the extent to which the needs and requirements of employees are met, and to achieve work satisfaction; which leads to improving work performance, raising the level of well-being in the work environment, and enhancing work affiliation. The study community consisted of employees of the Iraqi Tourism Authority in the Nineveh Tourism Department. The study used a comprehensive inventory method for all components of the study community, which numbered 35 individuals. The study relied on some statistical tools such as frequency, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and T test; and Pearson correlations using SPSS 24, the results of the study showed a relationship between the dimensions of the quality of career life, which included (human resources development and participation in decision-making, wages and incentives, and job security) and the quality of the career of workers. The study made some recommendations, the most important of which are providing continuous training for human resources, enhancing employee empowerment, improving wages and incentives, and establishing a fair system for promotions.

The current research aims to identify the most important weaknesses and shortcomings in the current method of preparing the budget and how this led to the lack of understanding of environmental variables, Where the importance of research stems from the importance of the budget in evaluating the performance of government units, The application of more flexible methods in the preparation of the budget would reduce the pressures of environmental variables that the unit can be exposed to, The researchers relied on qualitative analysis of the respondents' answers to the interview questions, The researchers were able to identify the weaknesses and shortcomings of the current method adopted in preparing the budget for the University of Mosul, The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the inability of the current method adopted in preparing the budget of the University of Mosul to be an effective tool for evaluation and provide information that helps decision-making, Which requires a transition to modern methods in preparing budgets.
The researchers recommend the need to shift from the traditional method of preparing the budget (item budgeting) and the accompanying shortcomings to another method of preparing the budget, Research focused on achieving cost matching with expected benefits for the purpose of evaluating and improving performance, Prioritize objectives and link funds to required targets, And provide financial and non-financial indicators to be used in the process of evaluating and improving performance

The research aims to use new methods in evaluating the performance of banks using the PATROL model, as this model is one of the early warning models, and it consists of five components, namely (capital adequacy, liquidity, profitability, credit risk, regulation) and the research sample included eight Iraqi private banks For the period (2010-2020), the validity of the research hypotheses including the possibility of using the PATROL model in evaluating the performance of Iraqi private banks and arranging these banks, starting with banks with strong performance and ending with banks with weak performance, has been proven correct. Indicators capable of evaluating the performance of banks well. Focusing on financial indicators (capital adequacy, liquidity, profitability) as well as on the human element (regulation) and areas of employment (credit) are the main indicators that express the soundness of the banking system and suggested several recommendations, including the need to set appropriate standards To evaluate performance in order to detect early any deviations facing the banking business, which helps the bank’s management to take corrective measures that will reduce the failure or bankruptcy of the bank at the appropriate time. fit.

The research aims to measure the dimensions of organizational reputation among workers in the Directorate of Nineveh Electricity Distribution, as the research problem was represented in the following main question: (Are there dimensions of organizational reputation in the surveyed directorate?), and to achieve this, the descriptive (analytical) approach was adopted in order to collect and analyze data on The questionnaire method, which is the main tool for the research, as the Directorate of Electricity Distribution of Nineveh / the Center was chosen as the research community, while the random sample for the research was represented by (365) respondents from the employees of the organization in question, where the questionnaire was distributed to them and (350) valid questionnaires were retrieved for analysis with a response rate (95.8%), and a number of statistical methods were adopted to deal with the data, analyze the paragraphs of the questionnaire and test the research hypotheses, according to the data that were processed by the statistical program (SPSS-V26) for the purpose of identifying the opinions of the respondents, as the main hypothesis was as follows: (The dimensions of organizational reputation are available in the Nineveh Electricity Distribution Directorate). Search.

The current study aims to diagnose the reality of future trends with the expressed components of (the motivation component, the cognitive component, the behavioral component) of the administrative leaders at the Northern Technical University and their formations. Researched organizations?
The Northern Technical University and its formations were chosen as a field of study based on the importance of the subject of the study and the importance of the study sample in the researched university. Heads and directors of departments) numbered (131) respondents, (131) questionnaires were distributed to the respondents, from which (111) valid forms were retrieved for statistical analysis. (84.7%) By relying on a questionnaire that included (15) items, the researchers relied on the statistical analysis tools in the (SPSS.V.25) program to test the study's hypotheses.
The study adopted a hypothesis represented by (the lack of components expressing future trends among the administrative leaders in the surveyed organizations), and in light of the statistical results, a set of conclusions was reached that confirm the availability of these components at high levels among the administrative leaders in the surveyed organizations, and the study also presented a set of proposals Emphasizes the need to enhance the ownership of these components and work to adopt them by the leaders of the organizations in question in order to achieve the goals of their organizations.

The aim of the research is to analyze the nature and mechanism of the impact of inflation on the financing gap, to identify its risks, and to determine its effects in determining its levels. A simple linear regression model for the studied variables, and the results revealed the effectiveness of the impact of inflation in the Iraqi economy and the financing gap after the banking sector, one of the most important sectors of the Iraqi economy, by proving its moral effect in the three models (deposits, credit, gap), where inflation contributed to pushing the indicators of the financing gap. The Iraqi banking sector and all models are on the rise, given the relative rise in inflation rates in Iraq during the research period, which supported the impact of its movements on credit developments, which leads to the widening of the financing gap.

The current research aims to diagnose the relationship and influence of strategic capabilities with their dimensions (technical knowledge to build value, the ability to generate and own resources, and the technology used) as an independent variable in crisis management as an approved variable in the Asiacell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq. While the research adopted the descriptive analytical approach, the field of research was identified in the Asiacell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq (the headquarters in Sulaymaniyah), as it is one of the largest mobile telecommunications companies in Iraq, and the research community is represented by the managers working in the Asiacell company (the headquarters) and the research was applied to An intentional (intentional) sample consisting of (80) managers in the upper and middle management, represented by (the general manager, the assistant general manager, department managers, and divisional officials) in the company under study. The most prominent conclusions reached by the research were the existence of a significant impact relationship of strategic capabilities in crisis management at the macro and micro levels in the Asiacell Mobile Communications Company in Iraq.

The research aims to determine the role of strategic physiognomy in promoting organizational excellence, and to demonstrate the ability of the Nineveh Health Department to enhance its organizational excellence by empowering its working members and enhancing the entrances to deep understanding and inspiration for them. Regulatory among existing health organizations as a result of the environmental challenges they face, represented by the movements of health organizations in the private sector or changes in work structures and the urgent need to develop their medical cadres, which requires them to activate the concept of strategic physiognomy in its various dimensions, so the research took a sample of the administrative leaders working in the Health Department Nineveh, which represents the study community of (42) individuals, and by adopting a questionnaire and a number of statistical methods, the research concluded a number of conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of a direct impact of strategic intuition in promoting organizational excellence. Whether it is bad in distinguishing its organizational structure or distinguishing its leaders and its natural resources Shari'a or excellence in the preparation of strategic plans.

The research aims to test the impact of green credit on the financial capacity of the Chinese banking sector, as it is one of the recent trends to invest money in the banking sector. Where the research included analyzing the impact of green credit on the financial capacity of the Chinese banking sector during the period (2007-2021) using the ARDL model on the independent research variable green credit (X) and the dependent variables (equity to total assets y1, return on equity y2, coverage ratio interest y3), The research concluded that there is a positive impact of green credit on the financial capacity of the Chinese banking sector, which contributes to strengthening the financial capacity of the banking sector and making it more capable of facing all financial and economic crise.

The current research aims to study the relationship and impact between the lean workforce in its three dimensions (a proactive lean workforce, agile adaptive workforce, and agile flexible workforce) and cognitive excellence. Individuals in (14) banks. The data were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed by (SSPS V.26) & (AMOS V.24). The research has reached results confirming the existence of a statistically significant correlation and influence relationship between the agile workforce and cognitive excellence, as well as the existence of a framework that shows that the agile workforce possesses at the same time multiple and interrelated capabilities that organizations operating in very uncertain environments benefit from, and that the conclusions reached The research indicates that the climate of the internal work environment of banks and the commitment of employees has a positive impact on the workforce, as it is driven by the fact that the agile workforce improves the motivation of individuals in the workplace and their ability to face external challenges and threats and prefer behaviors oriented towards cognitive excellence, and that the recommendation of the research That the senior management in the surveyed organizations should adopt a special philosophy in the field of agile workforce through the continuous search for knowledge and talents that contribute to the success of the organization and distinguish it from other business organizations.