Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

The role of enzyme alginate lyase in production of alginate was determined by using 5 mmol. of IPTG with
Transmission EM. The photographs showed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells, at zero time of exposure were
quite normal, after 2hrs. of exposure, separation of outer and inner membranes was observed, Gradually
separation continued after 4 hrs. and was followed by lysis of most cell after 6 hrs. exposure

This study includes a comparison among some plant , alcoholic and aquatic extracts with Dichlorovos in
mixture level (1-3) insecticide-extract after 24 ,48 hour of treatment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab). This
study used some seeds and fruits of Peganum harmala ,Citrullus colocynthis and Datura innoxia .Then the
treatment of complete insect is treated with mixture of alcoholic and aquatic extracts with disinfectant with the
concentration of (1.25,2.50, 5.00,10.00,30.00,60.00)ppm/complete with the whole mixture of (1-3) insecticideextract with draining method as accurate way on temperature reach (30+1)c and moisture reaches (70+2)% and
observing the results after 24 , 48 hours of treatment ,That the whole proportion kills 100% of the same
concentration .while the mixture of extracts related to Peganum harmala with disinfectant which was the least
influence than other alcoholic extracts that achieves proportion of killing (70.00, 73.33)% of the same
concentration after 24,48 hours of the treatment respectively . therefore alcoholic plant extracts have surpassed
upon the aquatics extracts in their effect on Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab) in mixture proportion reaches (1-
3) insecticide-extract after 24 , 48 hours of treatment

The study includes isolation and identification of causative agent bacteria cause chronic sinusitis. Specimen
were collected from out patients of Tikrit hospital during the period from the start July to the end Augst, 2009.
the percentage isolation was 96% and 4% not isolation any type of the bacterial.36 (75)% from sum 48 positive
specimen was mixed infection where isolated more from types of the bacterial.31(29.88) bacteria isolates belong
to Saphylococcus aureus were isolation from sum104 isolates.25(24)%, bacteria isolates Streptococcus
pnemoniae, 23(22.12)bacteria isolates Saphylococcus epidermidis,13(12.5)bacteria isolates pseudomonas
areugenosa, 12(11.5) bacteria isolates Bacillus cereus, also the research includes study isolate sensitivity
bacterial toward Antibiotic areAzithromycin, Doxycyclin, Tetracyclin, Vancomyclin, Sulfatrimethoprimpencilin,
Cefuroxime, Erythromycin. The results show all isolates were resistance toward most antibiotics sensitivity
which used and the antibiotic is the best effect was Azithromycin. the results show that all isolates
Saphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pnemoniae were resistance with the percentage (100%)t0 Vancomyclin,
Sulfatrimethoprim, pencilin, Cefuroxime,and susceptible(100%) to are Azithromycin, Doxycyclin, Tetracyclin,
Erythromycin.while show Saphylococcus epidermidis Bacillus cereus resistant with the percentage(100%).to
Vancomyclin, Sulfatrimethoprim, pencilin, Cefuroxime, Erythromycin. and susceptible(100%) to are
Azithromycin, Doxycyclin, Tetracyclin. pseudomonas areugenosa show resistance Doxycyclin, Tetracyclin,
Erythromycin, pencilin, Cefuroxime, Erythromycin. Sulfatrimethoprim, and susceptible (100%) to Azithromycin

Twelve male of the white rats Rattus norvegicus are used in our present study, and divided to four groups. Each
group is contained three males. Three groups injected concentrations from vitamin A differences and fourth
group by control material above in the membrane for twenty-four days and by seventy-two hours. Animals were
killed after twenty- five days of injection, and an autopsy was extracted sperm from its epididymis in
accordance with method of ( Wyrobek & Bruce) ]93[ .
Results of our present study showed that males injection of laboratory rats by vitamin A leads to the appearance
of sperm abnormalities in hooks represented the loss of the head , spherical of head , and elliptical tail in two
concentrations (90&45 mg/kg) in comparison with the control group and at the level of significance (p<0.01) .
As well as, statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the group rats injected by vitamin A
concentration (25 mg/kg) in comparison with the control group. But in the case of mutilation of losing hooks
head, were more influent when compared with the control group and at level of significance (p<0.05) . As well
as absence of significant differences between rats injected with vitamin A concentration (25 mg/kg) for the type
of deformation elliptical tail in comparison with the control group

In this study six isolates of Streptomyces (St.K6,St.K5, St.K4, St.K3, St.K2, St.K1) were obtained from the soil
in different area in kirkuk city . Five of these isolates showed antibacterial activity against two gram positive
bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus and all these bacteria were isolated from different
clinical sources and showed multiple antibiotics resistence . The results indicate that the streptomyces isolates
showed antibacterial activity in both liquid and solid culture

Alkaloids extract of Datura stramonium L .(leaf),and peganum harmala(seed),and oils of Myrtus communis
(leaf) and of Eugenia carophyllus (flower). Were extracted and their inhibitory activity was tested against the
fungi Alternaria alternatia , Macrophomina phaseolina, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporium ,
A.alternatia was the most sensitive species (96%) when leaf extract alkaloids of Datura Stramonium was
used,while A.niger was the most effected (73.3%) when seed of extract rait alkaloids of peganum harmala was
used of final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of the medium.
A.alternata was highly in habited(93.3%) when treated with leaf oils of Myrtus communis, while A.niger was
highly effected (96%)when subjected to treatment withe flower oils of Eugenia carophyllus. Complet inhibition
of A.alternata and F.oxysporium were achieved when mixture of alkaloids of afinal can contration of 0.5 mg/ml
was used, complet inhibition of A.niger was also achieved when amixture of oils at concentration 0.03 mg/ml
was used,complet inhibition of A.alternata was observed at final concentration 0.1 mg/ml of the mediu

The effect of alcoholic and water extract of Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha longifolia on the growth of
M.gypseum and Trichophyton .mentagrophytes was invstigated. M.gypseum was more sensitive to all studied
extracts. The effect of the tested extracts on both fungi increased with increase of concentration. M.gypseum
showed no growth in case of use 20mg/ml of the extracts. However T.mentagrophytes was more resistant to all
tested extracts and maximum inhibition of growth took place when usng the alcoholic and water extracts of the
studied plants samples of the concentration of 20mg/ml

This study was aimed to isolate Aspergillus niger locally and mutagenesis by ultraviolet radiation. The optimal
environmental conditions of temperature, pH, incubation period and shaking were studied in order to get the best
inulinase productivity. The optimal conditions for the enzyme production was found to be at temperature of 20°
C and the pH 4 for 3 day with shaking at 100 rpm. The maximum enzyme activity of 26.82 U/ml was found for
D mutant strain.
The inhibition action of the Aspergillus niger strain metabolites including inulinase enzyme was also tested .It
was found that there is an inhibition action against pathogenic bacterial species which included, Staphylococcus
aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebseilla pneumoniae, Escherichia coli , Proteus valgaris and Citrobacter
freeundii

This study was conducted during the period from May 2007 to August 2008 to investigate the rate of acute ,
chronic and congenital infection with toxoplasmosis among aborted and normally delivered women in Mosul
City territories attending AL-Khansa'a educating hospital.
Out of 150 women under study group, 50 were aborted while the other 100 were normally delivered. The present
study showed an overall percentage of infection among aborted women was (92%) while (58%) showed an acute
infection and (34%) chronic infection and also the infection rate among normally delivered women was (70%),
and it has been found that infection rate among acute and chronic cases were (41%) , (20%) respectively , Its to
be noted this is the first time in Mosul City for such a study conducted in this area concerning the congenital
Toxoplasmosis in newborns with an infection rate (9%) The employed tests were included latex agglutination
test LATEX and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with its two types (ELISA-IgM) , (ELISAIgG) which used as a high specific and sensitive test to differentiate between types of infection acute , chronic
and congenital

Four feed stuff (local maize , soyben , wheat and black barley) where used to knows carp digestibility for its.
Result shows the total digestibility were (63.56, 58.04, 59.11, 56.78)( (local maize zea maize , soyben Glycine
max L., wheat Tritcum aestivum and black barley Hordum Vulgana) respectively local maize shows high
digestibility while the bearley give low digestibility .
Soyben give high Protein digestibility 78.5% while barley was lower 64.61% .
Fat digestibility on Soyben was 70.54% but digestibility of barley was low 55.49%

The aim of present study added deferent levels of melon seed (0, 1%, 2.5%, 4%)on young carp Cyprinus carpio
L. diet to knows it effect on (total , protein and fat ) digestibility , The weight of fish in the study that ( 75.18-
97.18)gm.
Result shows that total digestibility of the diet which contain deferent levels of melon seed were (74.04 , 78.48 ,
78.56 , 79.06) for levels (0 , 1 , 2.5 , 4) respectively , result shows that the diet (4)% showed (79.06)% high
significant differences than the other diet which showed (74.04 , 78.48 , 78.56)% respectively.
The diet content (1)% melon seed showed high significant differences protein digestibility (93.77) than the other
diets which showed significant differences P 0.05 at fat digestibility reached (79.72)% than the other diets which
showed (77.94 , 71.30 72.74)% respectively.

The research was conducted to study the effect of cadmium on some biochemical aspects of adult earth worms
Aporrectodea caliginosa used for this perpuse five concentrations of cadmium which 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 9 ppm in
addation to the control group . The worms were adminstrate with mentioned cadmium concentration for 14 days
, then determined the leathal concentration and half leathal concentration . Also determined the biochemical
effects by determine the proteins , transferases and alkaline phosphatase . Also determined the nature of protein
bands by poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis . The results was :
1. The leathal concentration was 9 ppm while the half leathal concentration was 7 ppm .
2. Occur significant decrease in soluable protein concentration (p<0.05) in earth worm extraction compare with
control group , at all study cadmium concentration 3 , 5 , 7 ppm , when used electrophoresis method for proteins
show change in protein bands disappear some bands and increase density of some and decrease density of others.
3. Occur significant increase (p<0.05) in Alanine Aminotransferase , Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alkaline
phosphatase compare with control at all study cadmium concentrations

The study has been conducted to examine the storages water of student abodes in Mosul University ,some of this
abodes inside the University Like Al-qadesya and Al-zahraa for females the other 5,7,8,10 and 12 out of
University in some place of Mosul City for males .
Because some students have not trust about health system of water
Storages so we collect samples of water for the period between march/2007 to June/2007 to determine the
physical, chemical and biological properties and compared with Iraqi and national water criteria for drinking use.
The results showed that the concentration of some parameters exceeded out limits of Iraqi standers in the
students abodes storages water

The present study is carried out to detect some properties of groundwater for six wells at many villages of
Sharqat town , which depth are less than 10 meters and these use for different purposes such as (irrigation ,
livestock watering , domestic , construction ,etc ) Air and groundwater temperature ranged between (0-40)
C°,(14-26) C° respectively . Turbidity values ranged (0-9.20)NTU . Electric conductivity and total dissolved
solids amount are effected by geological formation for study area , which ranged (1920-7195)µs/cm , (1232-
5234) mg/l respectively . Rains are played important rule as a climate factor on pH and total alkalinity due to
bicarbonate which ranged (6.81-7.97) , (57-310) mg/l respectively . The low level of the soluble salts are helped
to the increased of the level dissolved oxygen concentration that ranged (1.8-8.4) mg/l . Biological oxygen
demand are ranged between (0.2-3.28) mg/l . Groundwater at the study area are classified to the very hard that
depended on the total hardness values which ranged between (1060-2820) mg/l . Plant nutrient values are
inconstantly through period study which are effected by the rock types, soil compositions , pollution , agriculture
activities as (phosphates fertilizers ) , silica , nitrite and phosphates values are ranged (1.554-32.93) mg/l , (N.D11.40) µg NO-NO2/L respectively

This study was conducted on (196) males who fall into three age groups(6-15 years) & (16-39 years) & (40-).
The persons under study were shot by Coalition forces and entered Ramadi general hospital for treatment from
30/8/2005 to 30/8/2009 and (19) persons were shot by weapons not belong to the Coalition forces as control
sample.
The study aims to uncover some of the genetic & physiological influences that result from these weapons .
The study shows that the primary effect for these weapons is the tearing of the skin tissue and the muscular
fibers beneath them , An infection appears around the injured area which causes damages in the bonding and soft
tissues . The damage then increase to include all the tissues of the injured organ. if the damage reaches the bones
it causes damages in the bone tissue leading in most cases to Gas Gangrene whose only treatment is mutilation
of the infected organ.46(23.4%) cases of mutilation were registered whereas 28 (14.3%) death cases because of
the damages to sensitive organs and sever bleeding. The study indicates a significant decrease P ≤ 0.005 in the
concentration of hemoglobin (Hb %) for injured person (8.2,9.4,8.6) g% as compare with the control group
(14.8)g%. There is also a significant rise P≤0.005in the ratio of total W.B.C to (18900,18200,17800) cell/ mm3
as compare with the control group(6700) cell/mm3
. There is also a significant rise P ≤ 0.005 in the Erythrocyte
sedimentation ratio to (55,62,68) mmol./hor as compare with the control group (12) mmol/hr. There is a
significant rise P≤0.005 in the average of liver function (( total serum Bilirubin to (3.2,2.8,3.6) mg/dl as compare
with the control group (0.8) mg/dl , alkaline phosphates enzyme ALP (22,24,21) K.A.U./dl as compare with the
control group (9.2) K.A.U./dl, serum transferees enzymes A.AST (GOT) (36,30,34)U/L as compare with the
control group (16) U/L,A.AST (GPT) (32,28,32) U/L as compare with the control group (12) U/L)) there is also
a significant rise P ≤ 0.005 in the Urinary functions (( serum Creatinine (2.8,2,2.2) mg/dl as compare with the
control group (0.7) mg/dl and blood urea (61,56,64)mg/dl as compare with the control group (38)mg/dl )). On
the other side 13 damage cases was noticed at the genetic level of chromosomal number or order after
conducting chromosomal Karyotype test. and there is a significant rise P≤0.005 in the mitotic index (MI) to
(3.1%) as compare with the control group(1.55%) in addition to the formation of micronuclei in different shapes
in 68(34.6) person. This is an indication of damage that escapes the genetic type test. The study results that these
weapons have clear effect on the body tissues and genetics

The present study is carried out to detect of indicators for bacterial pollution of groundwater for six shallow
wells in many villages of Sharqat , it used for different purposes such as (irrigation, livestock watering,
domestic, etc) . Results of the study refers that, temperature of groundwater between (14-26)C° are effected by
changes of air temperature . Amount of total dissolved salts are effected by geological formation of study area,
which are ranged between (1232-5234)mg/l . Dissolved oxygen have reversible relationship with total bacteria,
ranged between (1.8-8.4)mg/l . Sulphates are ranged (434-786)mg/l . Wells almost polluted with microorganisms
through : septic tank, animals, sewage , and dust . Many environmental factors such (organic matter, oxygen,
carbon dioxide , etc) increase or decrease numbers of total bacterial count which ranged (20-70×103
) cell/100ml
in May and December at wells 4 and 5 respectively . Maximum value for number of coliform >2400 cells/100ml
through almost study period in well 6 , but minimum value are <3 cells/100ml at different months through study
period in wells 3,4,and 5 . Total feacal coliform bacteria number >2400 cells/100ml at (April, May, and July) in
well 6 , , but minimum value are <3 cells/100ml at different months through study period in wells 3, 4, and 5

The aim of the research is to study the prevalence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever among both sex of different
age groups and to assess widal test in diagnosis of cases. The studied samples include (612) patients visited out
patient on clinic at Al-Kanssa hospital in Mosul city, (269) patients for the year 2008, and (343) patient in 2009,
their age groups ranged from 4-71 year and all of them complaining enteric fever.
The study showed 79.5% were positive for typhoid fever infection by Sal. typhi included 80.3% in 2008 and
87.7% in 2009, and found lowest 65.5% positive infection by Sal. paratyphi, included 60.6% and 70.3% in 2008
and 2009 respectively.
This study found highest percentage 86.1% of female infected by typhoid fever in 2008 and lowest percentage
79.2% in 2009. The results showed lowest percentage 13.9% of male in 2008 and highest 20.8% in 2009. It also
showed 84.8 % paratyphoid fever among female in 2008 and 78.4% in 2009 .Study found lowest percentage
15.4% paratyphoid fever infection in male in 2008 and 21.6% percentage in 2009. Study found 53 (19.7%) cases
infected by both typhoid and paratyphoid fever in 2008 and found 67 (19.5%) cases in 2009, with acute clinical
symptoms in both years. There was active Sal. typhi infection in 85.7 % detected by specific IgM for typhoid
fever and 64.5% active Sal. paratyphi for paratyphoid fever after treatment with 2ME. Results were showed
highest percentage of both typhoid and paratyphoid fever among (21 - 30) age group then less in (31- 40) age
group and found percentage of typhoid fever less than paratyphoid fever . Also found highest percentage of both
fever infections on June, July and August in 2008 and 2009

In this research, the experimental measurements of viscosity and density for tetra butyl ammonium bromide
(TBABr) solutions, in methanol and ethanol at (298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K0 , and for TBABr solution in 1-
propanol , 1- Butanol and 1- hexanol at 298.15 K0 had been carried out. From the results obtained, the Gibbs free
energy was calculated and used for the interpretation of solubility for TBABr in methanol and ethanol alcohols

The aim of this study is to estimate the concentration of prolactin hormone and Bilirubin in blood serum of
pregnant and lactating women. This work is performed in Tikrit teaching Hospital using by collecting 50
samples of each within three stages of pregnancy and lactation. The results revealed a gradual increase in
prolactin hormone in pregnant women (P<0.05) when compared with lactating women. The results was also
showed that there is an increase in prolactin hormone concentration directly after delivery accompanied with a
decrease in concentration with progress of lactation .
A decrease in Bilirubin concentration was observed in pregnant women in comparison with lactating women
wherein a significant in crease in the concentration of Bilirubin is found

In the present work, preparation of two types of aromatic Schiff bases derived by condensation of 2-
dimethylbenzildihaid with 1-amino 7-hydroxy 4-sulphoxynaphthaline or 2-aminobanzoic acid.
These ligands have been identified by using IR spectroscopy, UV-visible and melting point measurements.
Their complexes with divalent ion Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ have been prepared and investigated by UV-visible
spectroscopy and their molar ratio plots suggest that their composition have the ratio of 2:1(ligand :metal).
These complexes were isolated in the solid state in alkaline media and identified by IR spectroscopy, UV-visible
, melting point measurements and electric conductivity studies.
The structure of the complexes was suggested according to the results which show that Complexes of Zn, Hg
was octahedral, while Complexes of Cd was tetrahedral in alkaline media

In this word, The activated carbon was prepared using waste polymers (rubbers, melamine and novolac) as raw
materials. First carbonized was conduced at 350 °C for 3 hrs. The carbonized materials was activated by
impregnation in 5% solution of zinc chloride for different periods of time at room temperature. The purified
samples obtained from various experiments were evaluated by measuring the ability of active carbon to the
adsorption of methylene blue and iodine. Moreover, density, humidity and ash content were measured and
compared with the commercial sample.

Rhodanese enzyme activity in (whole blood, plasma, serum, hemolysis red blood cell) was studied and shown
higher enzyme activity in hemolysis Red Blood Cell and found no significant difference in rhodanese activity in
different kinds of anticoagulant (EDTA, Oxalate, Heparin) while there was increase rhodanese activity when
using citrate salts at p < 0.01 .
Maximum enzyme activity was obtained using (50 µl) of plasma in one minute when incubated at (50ہC) using
(125 µmol) of sodium thiosulphate and (150 µmol) potassium cyanide as a substrate. There was high inhibition
rate by using calcium and sulphite salts compared to formaldehyde .
It has been found that the normal range of Rhodanese activity in plasma according to optimum condition was
(98.5±4.5 U/ml) and there was no significant difference in rhodanese activity in sex different while there was a
significant increase in enzyme activity related to age at p < 0.01

This work is a detailed investigation of the voltammetric flow injection analysis by using fresh bean paste
biosensor for the determination of trace amounts of urea. This method depends on the hydrolysis of urea by
urease enzyme which exists in the fresh bean, to bicarbonate ion and ammonium ion using phosphate buffer
solution (pH=7) and reduction potential of (-0.65) V. The determination limits are (10-100)µg/ml with r2
=0.995,
a relative standard deviation of (0.59 to4.16).The method has been applied successfully to determination of urea
in human plasma

The high temperature Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+0 super conductor compound have been prepared by using the solid state
reaction and annealing methods under different hydrostatic pressures and annealing temperatures. It has been
found that the best annealing temperature and hydrostatic pressure for the compound is (850C0
) and (8ton/cm2
)
respectively. These circumstances were the best to obtain the mentioned compound samples of super conductor.
From studying the x-ray diffraction for Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10+0 compound prepared with annealing temperature
(850C0
) and hydrostatic pressure (8ton/cm2
), it has been clear that the compound has a crystalline structure of
Tetragonal. At partial substitution of (Hg) in (Bi) element, the compound becomes in the following formula:
Bi2-xHgxBa2Ca2Cu3O10+0 with different values of (X) equals to (X= 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5).
The study of the crystalline structure showed that the compound keeps on its tetragonal, and increasing the
temperature (132-1350
)
k
at partial substitution of the element (X= 0.1, 0.2). When the concentration rate of (Hg)
increased with (X= 0.3), the critical temperature increased to (1380
)
K
. This can be explained by that the
compound took the perfection role in the crystalline structure. This substitution rate caused an increasing in the
critical temperature as well as increasing the oxygen rate which caused an increasing in the critical temperature.
Therefore, the crystalline structure of the samples had been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopic, and
knowing the elements' rates in the compound, effect range of the annealing temperature, the imposed pressure,
effect range of the partial substitution in the elements, and determination of the quantitative and qualitative
concentration of elements in the compound

Measurement of radon concentration level were carried out in 25 Houses in AL – Hamdanya city during summer
season of 2010. Long term measurement of indoor radon concentrations have been taken, using a previously
calibrated passive diffusion dosimeters containing CR – 39 solid state nuclear track detectors which are very
sensitive for alpha particles. The measurement of the indoor radon concentration obtained in summer in these
regions ranged from 18 Bq. to 60 Bq. with the average of 37.4 Bq. . Different concentration levels
were observed from room to room in the same house

The effect of variable refraction index gap between fiber optical on the fundamental parameters a semiconductor
laser device have been studied . Also The effect on the Attenuation of the rays which pass through the fiber also
have been studied. It is found that there is not a restricted effect of the optical rays on the fundamental
parameters of the device. The results show that there is attenuation in the optical rages when the distance
between the fiber sides is very small while this attenuation increase with increasing the distant. Finally it is
found that the attenuation decrease with the increases the Values of refraction index

The mechanical distribution of evaporated cuivre atomes and the thiknesses are calculated expermmantally and
compared with the theoretical results. The effect of the pressure has non been neglected . It has been noticed that
the experimental and theoretical results were nearly the same specialy when the pressure and the evaporation rate
were very low and the distance between the source and substrate of the center of the evaporation champer was
small

The effect of Argon Laser Irradiation on the some optical properties of ZnO Thin film after Annealing have
been studied. These films were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis method. With thickness 3500 A°
. Optical
properties such as (Energy gap, Absorption coefficient, Refractive index, and extinction coefficient) as a
function of photon energy have been studied within the wavelength range (300-900) nm, using (uv-visible)
Spectrophotometer, before and after irradiation. It is found that the optical properties were decreased by
irradiation , from (3.22eV) to (3.18, 3.11) eV , respectively for (30,60) min

In this research, study effect of radioactive dose for Alpha-practical, by using radioactive source of
(Am241),which has energy (5.49)MeV and activity of 76 KBq on optical Properties of Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) thin
films prepared by thermal evaporation vacuum, with thickness (300)nm.
This research concerned with the study of the optical properties (energy gap, absorption coefficient, reflectance
and extinction coefficient).
The ZnS thin films were evaluated spetrophoto metrically irradiated with Alpha-practical with doses of values
)2,4,10.6,53) Gy.
The energy gap was calculated before irradiation (3.5)eV and after irradiation (3.4,3.3,3.2,3.1) eV respectively.
Result of study describe that exposure of ZnS thin film radioactive doses lead to decrement value of energy gap
and increase of value of others properties with change curve behavior by increase of that doses.

This thesis covers the fabrication and the study of the electrical properties of Cu2S/CdS Solar Cell. The Cell has
been devised by evaporation under vacuum of about (10-6
)Torr.
The Cu2S layer has been obtained by Solid State reaction between two thin layers namely CdS and CuCl at (220
C
o
).
The effect of the variable parameters of the Solar Cell,(series resistance Rs),(shunt resistance Rsh)and the
efficiency have been studied as a function of sun light and monochromatic light intensities .
The highest obtained efficiency was (15.8%) for (96 mw/cm2
).Sun light intensity and (15.6%) for (546 nm)
wavelength light of (96 mw/cm2
)intensity

The aim of the work is to study the effect of alpha particle and annealing treatment on the absorption of the glass
on the glass, for range of wavelengths (240-700) nm with different doses (6.24-28.8) Mrad and range of
temperature (125-175) C respectively. Furthemore, the activation energy through two specimens of the used
samples at fixed annealing time (0.5 hr)was founded. The value of activation energy was between(0.1–0.552)eV.
The absorption coefficient (α) as a function of photon energy and the optical gap (Eopt) has been also calculated
at different temperature within the range (125-175) C. The average value of the energy gap was found to be
(4.1) eV. and it depends basically on the radiation types & glass type

This research is aim to Profiting by some of physical and chemical phenomenon ( polarization , reaction of ray
with material and optical activity) that we can to limiting the concentration of the optical active material in the
liquid , which containing it. by using laser rays which have importance in scientific and practical field ,we'
ll can
measuring ratio of clocuse in urine ,because of what this rays give of result we cannot get from other. clocuse
have predisposition to rotate the polarization level for the linear polarized ray. And by applying mulas law for
transmission ray we'
ll know concentration of this material from it rotate angle and the specific rotate coefficient
for clocuse

In This paper, The effect of the temperature on the Nuclear Track diameter and light Absorbance for CR – 39
Detector(thickness mµ250) have been studied for temperature rang(140 – 180) °C and annealing time (one hour).
We found both of the diameter of the Track of α particles (Eα=1.5MeV) and the light Absorbance of the detector
have been increased with increasing the temperature and the detector become damage at 180 °C . In addition,
the energy gap and Area under curve of this detector has been estimated.

The present study includes the transitional stratigraphic sequences between the two Formations Gercus and Pila
Spi within Baikhair anticline in Dohuk district, northern Iraq. The carbonate rocks consist of two main facies and
divided, in turn, into five secondary microfacies, while the clastic rocks in the present study are divided into
eight facies. From the investigation of the sedimentary facies (both carbonate and clastic), the sedimentary
environment is inducted for the sequences of the study area, where the lower part of it (the clastic rocks
sequences) deposited in lake environment, and the upper part of it (the carbonate rocks sequences) deposited in
shallow lagoons

The results of monthly , seasonally and annuallyquantitative analysis of average dust fall on Mosul city and
suburbs have revealed that through one year beginning from (1/10/2008 to 30/9/2009) showed that unpresented
increase in the average dust fall out with ratio of (330%) compared with the last ten years. In the average annual
is (45.2) gr/m2
/month while not exceeding ratio (13.6) gr/m2
/month in year1998,. The above ratio exceeded the
level of five times the allowable international ratio which is (9.0) gr/m2
/month .
The results also revealed that there is a positive relationship between the average yearly dust fall out with time.
This amount on Mosul City through the year 1998 is (13.6) gr/m2
/month, in the year 2006 is (31.65)
gr/m2
/month, while the present study have showed that the average dust fall was (45.2) gr/m2
/month.
Size analysis of dust fall indicated that through the four season there is no variation in the grain size component
(clay, silt and sand)%, there is no remarkable variance in the average dust fall on the two sides of Mosul City ,
This indicates that the source area is regional as well as locally , that conclusion is promoted by daily and
monthly looking at website as well as the results of the Ministry of environment for a year 2006 for distribution
and dispersion of the dusts in Iraq governments

Through this research we will deal with unused way on to process statistical data , most statistics study depend
on one dependent variable and one or multiple independent variables ,otherwise in canonical correlation analysis
will deal with new ways is multiple dependent variables an and multiple independent variables, this absolutely
different form the formulizer current statistics study, from the using data which we got of feather flying which
consist of (26) variables , (20) dependent variables and (6) independent variables, we will analysis depend on
correlation matrix for (26) variables and depend on them to find canonical coefficients and stander canonical
coefficients, test correlation coefficients by using Wilk’s lambda, after that we will find canonical loading and
canonical cross-loading . so as to describe relationship between depend and independent variable

In this paper we introduce the definition of bi-chaotic bi-discrete semi-dynamical system and bi-expansive and
how we can find the sub-bi-semi-dynamical system

In 1983, Sen defined the multi-objective linear programming problem and suggested an approach to construct
that the multi-objective function under the limitation that the optimum value of individual problem is greater
than zero [5]. In this paper, we have suggested a new method to compute the value of the objective function of a
multi-objective linear programming problem. Numerical results indicate that the efficiency of our new proposed
technique corresponding to standard Chandra Sen method is very effective

The method of Feistel method for encryption is one of the most important methods of Block Cipher, and the
method is based on the encrypted text of even length, i.e this method requires that the length of the text to be
encrypted in length an even, in this research we try to use the same method to encrypt the text of odd length in
particular, and make the method public

In this study, a clustering method algorithm known as K-means together with fuzzy logic have been used to
classify tissue images where an algorithm is predicted for this purpose.
The algorithm is used to make clusters to the data (colour values) which exists in the tissue images that differ in
their composition in order to see components that are not seen in original images before applying the algorithm
on them.
The algorithm has been applied to many images where the Lymphocyte image represents the Lymphocyte cells
in agranular white blood cells, and the image Eosinophlis belongs to acidic cells of granular white blood cells,
whereas the Sympathetic ganglion were neuron Sympathetic cells. The reason for choosing this algorithm is its
simplicity and flexibility in use, and it gives more precise classification results as compared to algorithms of
other clustering methods. A set of (5-16) type of classifications are given as input for each of the three tissue
images, from these other classifications are obtained, [this gives images of wider visibility and faint structures
can be seen better] then, we used Fuzzy techniques to determine the confidence degree depending on the values
0 and 1