University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The results of the research indicate that there is an awareness by students of the College of Physical Education of the importance of applying the standards of integration and physical education within the framework of green education, in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. Statistical analyses also show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the integration of physical education and environmental awareness, which is reflected in sustainable behaviors among physical education students. The study illustrates the importance of integrating art and physical education in promoting environmental awareness and critical thinking among students. These activities contribute to developing positive values such as responsibility and cooperation. The results of the questionnaires showed good levels of satisfaction among students regarding the application of these standards, as integration standards, such as creativity and appreciation of responsibility, contribute to improving environmental awareness and adopting positive behaviors towards the environment. The recommendations were: Enhancing curricula: Including comprehensive educational programs that promote the concepts of green education and integration between arts and physical education. Encouraging environmental activities: Organizing workshops and outdoor activities such as gardening and hiking to enhance students’ connection to the environment. Developing sustainable competencies: Encouraging critical thinking and sustainable behaviors among students by integrating interactive educational practices. Continuous evaluation: Monitoring and measuring the impact of these educational programs and developing them in line with students’ needs and sustainable development goals. In these ways, students can effectively contribute to building an integrated and environmentally harmonious society, which supports the achievement of a future vision for sustainable development.

Handball is one of the team games that has gained wide popularity despite the modernity of the game compared to other games during the past few years. This popularity came due to the development in the game through the speed of performing basic skills, especially shooting. The research problem focused on the lack of interest in using weighted balls that resemble a handball in its grip, and thus this was clearly reflected in the accuracy and strength of shooting. The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of using balls with added weights to develop arm strength and shooting accuracy in handball. The researchers used the experimental girls method with a single group with a pre- and post-test. The sample number was (14) players representing Erbil Girl Club Training Center. After applying the exercises with weighted balls and conducting post-tests, the researchers reached the following results: There is a positive effect in using balls with added weights in improving throwing arm strength and shooting accuracy in handball for players.

The present study sought to elucidate the mediating influence of information technology on the dynamics between community sports contributions and the enhancement of administrative decision-making quality within sports federations in Palestine. Employing a descriptive and analytical research methodology, the study targeted all members of the sports federations located in the northern governorates, totaling 312 individuals. From this population, a random sample of 172 members was selected for analysis. Findings indicated a substantial level of information technology utilization, whereas both community sports contributions and the quality of administrative decisions were assessed as moderate. The study conclusively established that information technology serves as a mediating factor linking community sports contributions to the enhancement of administrative decision-making quality within Palestinian sports federations. Based on these findings, the researcher put forth several recommendations.

The research aims to design training exercises using the (TRX) suspension device and study their effect on some biomechanical variables of the front kick (Mae Geri) skill in karate players.
The researchers employed the experimental method in their study, selecting a sample consisting of two groups (control and experimental) of players from Sulaymaniyah province, aged in the youth category, for the sports season extending from 2023 to 2024. The sample consisted of 10 players, divided into two groups, each comprising 5 players, with one group being experimental and the other control. The proposed TRX suspension device training was applied over a period of 10 weeks.
The results showed that the proposed training had a positive impact on the performance level of certain biomechanical variables under investigation, with the differences in improvement favoring the experimental group. One of the key recommendations is to pay attention to TRX suspension training according to the nature, pattern, and requirements of each specific sport, as it has an effective impact on motor performance across different ranges and according to the mechanical characteristics of each skill. These training exercises contribute to enhancing players' efficiency and improving technical performance in a manner that aligns with the specific needs of each sport.

The aim of the research is to identify the differences between the pre- and post-test teams of the experimental research group for small games according to Laban’s framework and the control group, in sensory-motor perception for children aged (5-6) years, and to identify the differences between the experimental teams of the experimental and control research groups in sensory-motor perception for children. At the age of (5-6) years, the researchers believed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-research results of the experimental research group for small games with no frame control and the control group, in sensory-motor perception for children aged (5-6) and in favor of the test used, and the presence of significant differences Statistical significance between the results of innovative experiments for the experimental and control research groups in sensory-motor perception for children aged (5-6) years. In favor of the experimental group, I used the experimental group to suit the nature of the research, and the community was clearly defined as Al-Amdiyah, which is represented by the children in Al-Raghad National Kindergarten in the city of Samarra. Of those aged (5-6) years, concerts (2023-2024), where their number reached (60) children, and I was able to achieve success (40) children were selected and divided into two actual groups in number, (experimental and control), with a ratio of (20) a child in each group, and the Haywood scale was used to collect data. The main research experiment lasted (8) weeks with (three educational units) in one week for each group. The study was based on the fact that small games based on Laban’s framework improve the problem clearly and significantly. Based on the experimental research in kinesthetic perception, in addition to the common method used in developing kinesthetic perception by controlling pressure, the experimental research group outperformed the control group in kinesthetic perception, and this was due to the significant differences in distance control between the two groups.

The goal of the research is to build a measure of the digital culture of artificial intelligence among teachers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in some Iraqi universities, and to identify the degree of digital culture, The researchers assumed that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of digital culture with artificial intelligence among teachers in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences in some Iraqi universities , and there are no significant differences between the dimensions of the digital culture scale for artificial intelligence among Teaching faculties of physical education and sports sciences in some Iraqi universities, according to the variables (gender, scientific title, years of service), The researchers also used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined in an intentional way, which represents members of the teaching staff in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences. In the universities of (Samarra, Tikrit, Kirkuk, Baghdad) (223) male and female teachers,. The total research, and thus their number reached (180) teachers, then the sample of the exploratory experiment was excluded, which numbered (30) teachers, representing a percentage of (13.04%) of the research community, and thus the construction and preparation sample became (150) teachers, representing a percentage of (65.21%) ) from the overall research community, and the study concluded that the teachers in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in some Iraqi universities are distinguished by their possession of a digital culture that qualifies them to carry out their teaching duties .

This study is aiming to identify the impact of the weighted assistance exercises based on the competitor’s resistance measuring device on the maximum strength of the joint muscles, as well as the throwing grip from standing in Roman wrestling. The researchers used the experimental method in the manner of two equal groups to suit the nature of the research. The research population was determined by the wrestlers of Al-Qadisiyah Governorate Team in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, the category of applicants for the season for the year. 2024 AD, and the number of them (16) wrestlers were randomly divided into two groups, control and experimental, for each group (8) wrestlers. The exercises prepared by the researchers were applied to the experimental group in (3) training units for a period of (8) weeks using heavy aids and after conducting pre- and post-tests. The dependent variables of maximum strength and standing throwing grip were treated statistically, and the most important thing that was concluded by the researchers is that the competitor’s resistance measuring device has a significant impact in regulating the intensity of weighted exercises in a sound electronic manner, which has an excellent impact on maximum strength and standing throwing grip.

The aim of the research is to identify the preference between compound exercises using a hypoxic mask and the exercises used by the trainer, and to prepare compound exercises using an hypoxic mask and know their effect on some functional variables. The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the control and experimental groups in some cases. Functional variables among young football players, and there are statistically significant differences between the results of the post-tests of the control and experimental groups in some functional variables among young football players. The experimental method was also used to suit the nature of the research, and the community was identified in an intentional way, which represents the youth of the participating Samarra Club. In the Iraqi Professional League for the 2024 season, they numbered (30). The research sample consisted of (22), representing a percentage of (73.33%) of the entire research population. This sample was divided into two equal groups, control and experimental, by following the method of random selection using lots, with a ratio of (11). ) players for each group, and the main research experiment lasted (8) weeks with (three training units) per week. The researchers concluded that the combined exercises using an oxygen deficiency mask are suitable for football players aged 17-19 years in the special preparation period. The experimental group used excelled. Compound using a hypoxic mask on the control group in the functional variables under study for football players aged 17-19 years.

The internal organs in the human body work to supply him with the energy necessary to continue his various daily activities and activities, as these organs are affected by the volume of daily activity performed by the individual. As for the athlete, practicing physical activity has a major impact on the work of the internal organs, increasing their efficiency and adaptation to training. What the athlete practices, in addition to his normal daily activity, and this only happens with the presence of codified training based on a specific method in terms of volume, intensity and comfort, especially with this age group under 20 years of football. The research aims to the following was Preparing special exercises in some functional indicators (lactic acid, vital capacity, and expiratory volume in the first time) and complex skills for football players under 20 years old. As for the research hypotheses was Special exercises have an effect on some functional indicators (lactic acid, vital capacity, and expiratory volume in the first time) and complex skills for football players under 20 years old And There are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group in some functional indicators (lactic acid, vital capacity, and expiratory volume in the first time) and composite skills for football players under 20 years old. The researchers concluded the following and The researchers recommend was The possibility of applying special exercises to the youth football category and Special exercises have a positive effect on lactic acid concentration, expiratory volume in the first second, and vital capacity. That is, there are positive respiratory effects for young football players under 20 years of age. The researchers recommend was The necessity of adopting the special exercises prepared by the researcher and applying them to samples similar to the research sample.

The study aimed to identify the level of organizational agility among the teachers of the General Directorate of Rusafa First Education. The human domain was the physical education teachers of the First Rusafa Directorate in Baghdad, and the time domain was from 4/5/2024 until 7/15/2024. As for the spatial domain, the first Rusafa Education schools. . The researcher used Descriptive method using a survey method because it suits the nature of the research problem. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally from physical education teachers in Rusafa First Education in Baghdad, and the number is (293) teachers who represented the entire research community, which represents 100%. The community was distributed into samples, including the construction sample with (180) teachers and the application sample with (100). ) teachers. As for the exploratory experiment, there were (13) teachers. The most important conclusions were that the standardized measure of the reality of organizational agility for physical education teachers is suitable for what the measure was prepared for and meets the conditions for accepting measurement tools, and that the dimensions of organizational agility in the physical education lesson gained importance among teachers. Physical education because of its impact on the conduct of the physical education lesson, while the most important recommendations were to provide an organizational climate that meets the needs of the physical education teacher and makes their performance organized and the need to communicate and keep up with the outside world by comparing sporting activities and events.

The aim of the research is to identify the degree of both mental rotation and mental habits of students of some colleges of physical education and sports sciences, as well as to identify the nature of the relationship between mental rotation and mental habits of the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the (correlational relationships) method. The research community was represented by students of physical education and sports sciences in the first stage of some colleges of physical education and sports sciences for the academic year (2023/2024), numbering (646) male and female students distributed over three colleges of physical education and sports sciences in three universities, including (Tikrit, Kirkuk, Samarra). The conclusions reached by the researchers were that the research sample enjoyed an average degree in the mental rotation variable in the subject of football, and the research sample enjoyed a very good degree in the mental habits variable in its three areas (creative thinking, self-organization and critical thinking). The higher the degree of mental rotation, the higher the mental habits. The researchers recommend designing a mental rotation test specific to the sports field in general or to the game of football in particular. They also recommend conducting similar studies for other academic stages or other games. Whether individual or group, to complete this study.

The study aimed to know the self-programming of information and performance of the football scoring skill and the relationship between them for third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon. The current research community was determined by third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon, and the sample consisted of (20) students out of (103) students at a rate of (19.41%). The descriptive approach was used with the survey and correlation methods to achieve the research objectives. In addition to the scientific sources and references, the self-programming scale for information and a soccer scoring test were used, and then field research procedures were carried out, in which the exploratory experiment was conducted on a small sample of students who had the same characteristics as the sample in all aspects, their number was (10) students from the research community outside the main research sample. After verifying the validity and stability of the scale and test, the final main experiment was conducted on third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon, numbering (20) students, to reach conclusions, the most important of which was that third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon were distinguished by self-programming of information and good soccer scoring skills. The higher the self-programming of information among third-stage students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Babylon, the better the soccer scoring skill.

The research is significant because it highlights the application of assistive rehabilitation activities to lower pain and improve range of motion for female rhythmic gymnastics players who have a second-degree ankle injury, whereas, the research problem is that the third-stage female students in the rhythmic gymnastics lesson are susceptible to a second-degree sprain of the ankle joint due to a variety of skills and movements. This leads to a weakness in the joint's movement and an inability to bend and extend the joint normally. In order to rehabilitate and improve the ankle joint's function, lessen the intensity of pain, and promote joint flexibility, the researchers opted to conduct this experiment by combining auxiliary means with rehabilitative exercises in a way that has been scientifically investigated. Preparing rehabilitative exercises with auxiliary means and assessing their impact on the degree of ankle joint discomfort with a second-degree sprain and flexibility in female rhythmic gymnastics students were the objectives of this research. However, because of the nature of the study, the researchers employed the experimental approach and created a single group that underwent two pre- and post-tests. The research community consisted of 35 third-year female students who were specifically chosen from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa. The students had partial rupture of the lateral ligament due to a second-degree sprain. A group of five female students were found to have second-degree ankle sprains following a medical test that was carried out with the consent of the parents and the dean of the relevant college. According to the researchers' findings, female students with injuries to their ankle joints from rhythmic gymnastics benefited greatly from rehabilitative activities performed with assistance equipment.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the IDEAL instructional model in teaching fundamental football skills to physical education and sports science students at Al-Hadbaa University College. The researcher employed an experimental design, suitable for the nature of the current study. The research sample consisted of (34) students from the Physical Education and Sports Sciences Department at Al-Hadbaa University College, divided into an experimental group of (14) students and a control group of (14) students. The researcher used the SPSS statistical package to analyze the data statistically. The researcher concluded that the IDEAL instructional model is effective in teaching fundamental football skills. The researcher recommended using the IDEAL instructional model as a better alternative to the traditional method of teaching fundamental football skills. Additionally, the researcher recommended developing training programs for teachers on how to apply the IDEAL instructional model and how to develop plans for its implementation in teaching. Future studies should investigate the impact of using the IDEAL instructional model as a teaching method for various sports activities within our educational system

The research aimed to identify the preparation of a measure of motor perseverance with volleyball for beginners aged (12-14) years, as well as to identify the effect of the micro-educational environment on motor perseverance and the acquisition of passing from above and below with volleyball. To achieve this, an experimental approach with an individual experimental group design with The pre- and post-tests were administered to a sample of (12) volleyball beginners in the volleyball specialist school affiliated with the Sports Talent Center in Babil Governorate. The research tool represented by the motor perseverance scale and the top and bottom passing test in volleyball was applied. This was after verifying the scientific foundations of validity, reliability and objectivity. Pre-tests were conducted and then the vocabulary of the mini-learning environment was applied to the experimental group. After completing its implementation, post-tests were conducted and the data was extracted and treated statistically using appropriate statistical methods. In doing so, the researcher concluded several conclusions, the most important of which are: The use of the mini-learning environment led to an increase in motor perseverance and the acquisition of passing from above and below with the volleyball for the research group, in addition to that the effect size of motor perseverance and passing from above and below with the volleyball was large compared to the effect size for Black (1.2). In light of these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, the most important of which are: the necessity of using a micro-educational environment to learn volleyball skills, as well as the interest of coaches in psychological and mental abilities, especially motor perseverance while acquiring volleyball skills.

The study aims to identify the effectiveness of proposed tactical exercises accompanied by equal and numerical mini-competitive matches to teach defense plans and rapid collective attack (2-1, 2-2, 3-2) for handball beginners, and to identify the superiority of the effect when compared to traditional exercises, such as the research community, female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Anbar. The experimental method was used in the study by designing equal groups in number with pre- and post-tests. The experiment was implemented over a period of seven weeks at a rate of one tactical educational unit per week, the unit duration is 90 minutes, in which beginners repeat tactical exercises within educational matches in a competitive manner. The data were obtained using the tactical performance observation form within educational matches and were processed statistically. The study showed positive results for both the proposed and traditional exercises. After using the effect size coefficient, the proposed exercises showed high effectiveness that outperformed traditional exercises.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of an educational approach in learning the skill of serving using mini and regular tennis for players of the Mesopotamia Sports Club aged 8-10 years. The hypothesis of the research was that there were significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the two groups in favor of the post-tests for members of the second experimental group in learning the skill of serving in tennis. The importance of the research was in using an educational approach that helps in learning the skill of serving using mini and regular tennis for players of the Mesopotamia Sports Club. We currently consider the skill of serving one of the most important basic skills for a tennis player. These educational units are a modest effort by the researcher to serve sports in our beloved Iraq. The problem of the research is that all educational curricula begin at advanced ages, thus requiring the presence of large halls, large rackets, and balls characterized by high rebound speed, which makes the use of these tools for a young age group difficult and boring.
This is a problem that the researcher saw fit to address so that tennis becomes a welcome game for children and thus ensures its continuation and great success in the journey of this game. The success of this game and its reaching the highest levels is guaranteed by the research methodology and its field procedures. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of two experimental groups with a pre-test and a post-test in order to suit the nature of the research and its objectives. The research sample was represented by the players of the Bilad al-Rafidain Sports Club, numbering (30) players whose ages ranged between 8-10 years. They were chosen intentionally, divided into two groups, each group containing 15 players, due to their proximity to the researcher and the ease of communication with the players, especially since the researcher chose ages 8, 9, and 10 years randomly. In conclusion, the researcher concludes that the educational curriculum has achieved one of its purposes and objectives for which it was established by learning the skill of serving in tennis. The researcher recommends emphasizing the use of the educational curriculum for what it has proven to be comprehensive and diverse, and small educational games that are influential in learning for this age group. Emphasis on using the small racket and the low-pressure ball in teaching age groups from (8-10) years.

The research aims to: build a scale of the reality of electronic management in sports activity departments from the point of view of technical supervisors in Baghdad Governorate, apply a scale of the reality of electronic management in sports activity departments from the point of view of technical supervisors in Baghdad Governorate, and identify the reality of electronic management in sports activity departments from the point of view of technical supervisors in Baghdad Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community was represented by technical supervisors in Baghdad Governorate, numbering (210) supervisors divided into (6) directorates. The sample was divided into a exploratory experiment sample of (10) individuals, a construction experiment sample of (100) individuals, and a main experiment sample of (100) individuals. A number of phrases, numbering (25) phrases, were formulated and presented to a group of experts. After applying the scientific foundations, the scale became composed of (25) phrases, as no phrase was deleted, and then the final image of the scale was applied to the research sample. The results were presented and discussed to achieve the research objectives. The researcher concluded that the e-management reality scale was built in the sports activity departments from the point of view of technical supervisors in Baghdad Governorate, and e-management helps improve communication between sports activity departments.

The research aims to: build and apply a scale of the reality of organizational commitment of the education directorates of Baghdad/Rusafa Governorate from the point of view of its members, and to identify the reality of organizational commitment of the education directorates of Baghdad/Rusafa Governorate from the point of view of its members. The researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. The research community consisted of members of the education directorates of Baghdad/Rusafa Governorate, numbering (160) individuals. The sample was divided into a exploratory experiment sample of (5) individuals, a construction experiment sample of (85) individuals, and a main experiment sample of (70) individuals. A number of (22) phrases were developed and presented to a group of experts. After applying the scientific foundations, the scale became composed of (22) phrases, as no phrase was deleted. Then, the final form of the scale was applied to the research sample. The results were presented and discussed to achieve the research objectives. The researcher concluded that the decisions of senior management do not achieve the desired goals well, employees do not receive material rewards while they are committed to work, there are training courses that employees participate in but they are not at the required level. The researcher recommended enhancing organizational values, improving the work environment, providing opportunities for professional development, enhancing internal communication, and rewarding good performance.

The research aims to prepare proposed rehabilitation exercises to correct the lateral deviation of the spine for primary school students in the Abu Dashir-Al-Karkh II area. And to identify the effect of the proposed rehabilitation exercises to correct lateral deviation for primary school students. Designing a special electronic device to measure the degree of lateral deviation in the spine for primary school students. The researchers used the experimental approach to implement the proposed rehabilitation exercises. The researchers chose the one-group experimental method with pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the problem and obtain accurate results. The research sample was selected from primary school girls in Baghdad - Al-Karkh II, Abu Dashir area, after a field survey of those (5) schools. The number of female students who were taken for examination was (387) female students, while the number of those suffering from lateral deviation of the spine to the left was (50) female students. The sample was chosen intentionally to achieve the objectives of the research and reach the required results. The researchers concluded that rehabilitation exercises have a positive effect in improving the deformity rate for those with lateral deviation. Using a device designed to measure the lateral deviation of the spine in determining the direction of the deformity towards a specific direction gives accurate diagnostic results. The researchers recommended using a device designed to measure the lateral deviation of the spine in various schools to detect spinal deviation, and applying spinal rehabilitation exercises in schools in order to reduce the spread of posture deformities, especially spinal deviation, activating school health and coordinating with authorities and centers. Medical assistance in diagnosing deformities, if any, in order to treat them in physical education lessons.

Through the researchers' observations and following the latest developments in football, as well as being former players and working in various football fields and following training processes for a long time, it was noticed that most coaches focus on developing physical and technical variables in their training programs, neglecting individual elements, especially agility, which plays a significant role in improving and developing both technical and physical performance. Since the game considers the relationship between these qualities, and since this relationship does not receive sufficient attention in their training programs, and also due to the inability of most players in all lines of play to maintain a long-term performance level, the research aimed to design specific long-style exercises to develop agility and complex technical performance in football players under 17 years old, and to identify the superiority of long-style exercises in developing agility and complex technical performance in football players under 17 years old between the experimental and control groups. The research hypotheses were that there are significant differences between the pre- and post-test results of the control and experimental groups in developing agility and complex technical performance in football players under 17 years old, and that there are significant differences between the post-test results of the control and experimental groups in developing agility and complex technical performance in football players under 17 years old. The most important conclusions were that the long-style playing had a positive impact on developing agility in football players under 17 years old. The researchers recommended the use of specific long-style exercises designed by the researchers to develop agility and complex technical performance in football.

The importance of the research lies in improving the sustainable performance of the sports and school activity departments through the influence of managers on sustainability, identifying effective practices, enhancing transparency, communication, developing skills and supporting strategic decision-making in order to progress in the administrative process. As for the research problem: Despite the importance of the role of the directors of sports and school activity departments in achieving sustainability and the general performance of the departments, there is a lack of studies that compare their performance from the point of view of managers and technical supervisors, which caused a lack of full understanding of the effects of their behavior and administrative methods on the various aspects of sustainability, which hinders the ability to improve performance and develop effective policies and practices in these departments. Hence, the following question can be asked, which enhances the problem of research: Do the perceptions of coaches and technical supervisors differ from the performance of the directors of sports and school activity departments? How can these differences affect our understanding of their impact on sustainability and overall departmental performance? The objective of the research: to identify the level of sustainable performance of the directors of sports and school activity departments from the point of view of coaches and supervisors thousand.

The psychological traits and components of athletic brilliance are among the elements that affect the players' performance levels and play a major role in enhancing and developing performance. The player's talent and performance, as well as the overall performance of the team, are directly affected by the presence of a psychological defect or deficiency. Therefore, the psychological component needs great care through developing psychological curricula and programs, diagnosing and identifying team defects through the psychological aspects of the teams, and conducting psychological research and studies. The researchers noticed, through their follow-up to the training and matches of the University of Kufa volleyball team, a lack of interest in the psychological state. Therefore, the researchers resorted to studying two variables that they see as worthy of study and research, namely psychological skills and athletic excellence, due to their major role in influencing the athlete's level and achieving excellence in the activity he practices. The researchers used the descriptive approach, and the most important conclusions for the scale of athletic excellence and the dimensions of psychological skills (visualization - relaxation - confronting anxiety - focus - attention - self-confidence - motivation for athletic achievement), did not achieve a significant correlation. The most important recommendations were to focus on the dimensions of the athletic excellence of the players of the University of Kufa volleyball team, with an interest in identifying the strengths and weaknesses, observing their development, and continuing to evaluate them while recording the rates of each player.

The aim of the study was to investigate the neuromuscular coordination, the skill of the offensive double block, and the movement and transition speed in volleyball, as well as to find the relationship between neuromuscular coordination, the skill of the offensive double block, and movement and transition speed in volleyball among the research sample. Any action, movement, or specific skill performed by an individual is the result of the involvement of one muscle or a group of muscles determined by the type of work to be done and the amount of force used to accomplish it. This requires a degree of coordination between the muscular and nervous systems for optimal performance. Therefore, neuromuscular coordination has great importance and a prominent role in the optimal performance of skills and thus achieving victory. The researchers used the correlation descriptive method to suit the nature of the research problem. The research was conducted on a sample of students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University. The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was that the research sample possessed a suitable level of neuromuscular coordination when performing the offensive double block skill in volleyball, and a suitable level of movement speed, with a simple level of neuromuscular coordination with transition speed

The research aims to prepare motor exercises accompanied by a diet to develop some motor abilities and reduce weight for middle school students in Baghdad. The researchers assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests in the research variables under study for one experimental group, in favor of the post-test. The researchers chose the experimental method because it suits the nature of the research. With a one-group design with two pre- and post-tests. The research community was represented by middle school students in the Latifiyah Department of the Second Karkh District in Baghdad, with ages ranging from (13-15) years. The number of sample members was (15) students, while the number of training units was (30) for (10) weeks, (3) days per week and the days are (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday). The researchers used (30) exercises distributed and repeated over the training units mentioned in Appendix (1) and after using the SPSS statistical system. The researchers concluded that motor exercises accompanied by diet have a positive effect on the variables under study in developing motor abilities and weight loss, and in favor of the post-tests. The researchers recommend that taking advantage of the results of the study and applying movement exercises to accompany the diet for the purpose of weight loss. In addition to urging the Ministry of Education and its affiliated directorates to follow up on cases of obesity that are widespread in middle schools, and to find appropriate solutions for them, through sports work.

This study aimed to determine the central fatigue threshold in advanced individual time trial cyclists, as indicated by changes in serotonin, albumin, free fatty acids (FFA), and various physiological and physical parameters using Garmin Strava technology. A descriptive research methodology was employed, and the study sample consisted of advanced individual time trial cyclists who qualified for the final rounds of the Iraqi Championship in the 2020-2021 sports season. The study concluded that the third stage, after covering a distance of 60 km from the start of the race, marked the onset of central fatigue in advanced cyclists, as indicated by elevated levels of serotonin, albumin, and free fatty acids. The amount of calories burned by cyclists over a 120 km race distance provided accurate data and a clear picture of energy expenditure, with the third stage showing the onset of central fatigue due to the increased loss of calories beyond normal levels. The effort exerted by cyclists over a 120 km individual time trial significantly increased levels of serotonin and free fatty acids compared to normal levels. The significant increase in serotonin levels beyond normal levels during the 120 km race distance was associated with central fatigue, which hinders performance by disrupting neural transmission due to elevated hormone levels

The research problem lies in the fact that the most prevalent injury is the partial tear of the supportive muscles, as the researcher sees that the reason is often the focus in training on a muscular group required by the nature of performance, such as training the anterior thigh muscles for players and neglecting other muscles such as the supportive muscles and the posterior thigh muscles, making them weaker and more susceptible to injury.
The research aims to prepare a rehabilitation program for players with partial tear of the supportive muscle, and to identify the impact of the rehabilitation program on the functional efficiency of the injured supportive muscle through (the level of muscle pain, the range of motion).
The research community was identified as the football players in the clubs of Fallujah city / Anbar Governorate, which amounted to three clubs and the number of players was (71) players. The research sample was purposefully selected from the research community, which are the players with partial tear of the supportive muscles, numbering (8) players, which represents (11.26%) of the research community.
The research problem lies in the fact that the most prevalent injury is the partial tear of the supportive muscles, as the researcher sees that the reason is often the focus in training on a muscular group required by the nature of performance, such as training the anterior thigh muscles for players and neglecting other muscles such as the supportive muscles and the posterior thigh muscles, making them weaker and more susceptible to injury.
The research aims to prepare a rehabilitation program for players with partial tear of the supportive muscle, and to identify the impact of the rehabilitation program on the functional efficiency of the injured supportive muscle through (the level of muscle pain, the range of motion).
The research community was identified as the football players in the clubs of Fallujah city / Anbar Governorate, which amounted to three clubs and the number of players was (71) players. The research sample was purposefully selected from the research community, which are the players with partial tear of the supportive muscles, numbering (8) players, which represents (11.26%) of the research community.
The researcher concluded that the use of various rehabilitation exercises and elastic bands in the prepared rehabilitation program had a positive impact on the rehabilitation of the injured players. The researcher recommends giving the player immediate rest when feeling pain during training or matches, to avoid muscle tear or any other injury.

The research aims to prepare sports recreation training and identify its effect on some physical variables during the transitional period for young football players and reach the highest possible level. This is done through appropriate training according to scientific foundations, so it is necessary to work on developing and developing the athlete’s abilities to continue playing, and this requires several Requirements of the player are physical, skillful, and tactical, according to the sporting activity practiced by the individual in terms of coordination and interaction with the requirements of the player’s performance. Accordingly, the research objective was determined by:
1- Learn about the effect of sports recreation training on developing some physical abilities during the transitional period for young football players.
The assumption has been determined
1- Sports recreation training has a positive effect, with statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of some physical abilities of young football players in favor of the post-tests.
The researchers used a single-sample experimental research approach through pre- and post-tests. The research sample consisted of (23) players from the Diyala Sports Football Club, and the exploratory sample consisted of (8) players outside the research sample. The researcher worked on preparing sports recreation training in the transitional period. For a period of two months, eight weeks each week, there were (3) training units, which work to develop some physical abilities in football, and the statistical package (SPSS) was used by the researchers for statistical treatments. The researcher found that there were differences between the pre- and post-options in favor of the post-optional choices through the percentage of improvement achieved by the football junior.

Spatial-kinetic intelligence is one of the important mental abilities that contributes to determining the ability of players to solve the motor tasks required of them by resolving situations related to skill performance in a very short time and thus making the right decision, which is reflected in the accuracy of technical skills in all games, especially volleyball, and a problem has crystallized. Research shows that there is a weakness in the accuracy of performing offensive and defensive skills in volleyball among Specialized Academy players, and it can be predicted that the reason for this may be due to the level of some mental abilities possessed by the players, especially spatial-kinetic intelligence.