Nasaq

This research aims to study the foundations of religion from a modern critical perspective in light of the philosophy of interfaith dialogue. It seeks to provide a contemporary interpretation of these religious foundations in line with the current intellectual and social challenges. The significance of the research lies in clarifying how to reconcile Islamic creed with modern philosophical interpretations, contributing to the promotion of shared human values and achieving peaceful coexistence among nations. The research problem stems from the absence of modern interpretations of religious foundations that take into account intellectual developments, which hinders effective interfaith dialogue and presents challenges to understanding the creed. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to analyze traditional religious foundations and compare them with contemporary philosophical interpretations.
The research reached several conclusions:
1. Monotheism serves as a common foundation to enhance dialogue between the Abrahamic religions.
2. Prophethood in the modern era is understood as a call for justice and human rights.
3. The concept of resurrection offers new horizons for philosophical understanding, and divine justice encourages the realization of social justice.

The artistic movement in general and theater in particular were distinguished by their great impact in changing rules, methods and formulas with new ones that were necessitated by social, economic and political variables. The increasing openness of anthropology to dealing with theatrical performances as a field worthy of research reflects a shift from focusing on the social structures of society that are assumed to be fixed to studying The impact of theatrical performances according to social anthropology, which sometimes maintains the status quo and other times results in some changeThe director in the theater has become based on his knowledge of the characteristics of the stylistic references in the theatrical presentation, as he is linked to a number of theatrical philosophies and doctrines to which theater belongs, in revealing a new vision that carries an innovative character far from tradition. The artistic movement in general, and theater in particular, was distinguished by its great impact in changing the rules and methods. New formulas were necessitated by social, economic and political variablesThe increasing openness of anthropology to dealing with theatrical performances as a field worthy of research reflects a shift from focusing on the social structures of society that are assumed to be fixed to studying the impact of theatrical performances according to social anthropology, which sometimes maintains the status quo and at other times results in some change. The director in the theater now relies on his knowledge of the characteristics of the stylistic references in the theatrical presentation. As it is linked to a number of theatrical philosophies and doctrines to which theater belongs, in revealing a new vision that carries an innovative character far from tradition. The artistic movement in general and theater in particular were distinguished by their great impact in changing the rules, methods and formulas with new ones necessitated by social, economic and political changes, as well as the increasing openness of anthropology. Treating theatrical performances as an area worthy of research reflects a shift in focus on the social structures of society Which is supposed to be fixed, to study the impact of theatrical performances according to social anthropology, which sometimes maintains the status quo and other times results in some change, so the director in the theater has become based on his knowledge of the characteristics of the stylistic references in the theatrical performance, as he is linked to a number of theatrical philosophies and doctrines. To which theater belongs in revealing a new vision that carries an innovative character far from imitation. This research consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the problem of the research, the importance and the goal of the research, as this research aims to identify (the effectiveness of Vygotsky’s theory in developing the skills of students of the Department of Art Education in the subject of directing). theatrical) The limits of the research and the definition of its terminology. The second chapter will be devoted to the theoretical framework, which includes three sections, the first of which deals with Vygotsky’s theory, the second section will talk about skill, and the third section will deal with theatrical directing. The third chapter will address the methodology and research procedures, as the research community, the sample, and the experimental method on which the researcher relied and the skill performance test will be explained. As for the fourth chapter, the researcher will interpret the results and conclusions and present recommendations.

The topic of factors affecting job performance and its indicators in government institutions is considered one of the most important and vital topics in the lives of individuals and institutions, based on the fact that job performance and the degree of its ability and efficiency depend on a set of different factors, but at the same time they are complementary factors that serve the basic purpose and goal of institutions. The job performance of each worker is measured in different ways according to the psychological and material needs of these workers.
Thus, the topic of job performance has received great attention and witnessed continuous research on solutions to problems related to job performance. Scientific journals have overflowed with many reports on new leadership, redesigning organizational structures, and attempts to involve workers in setting policies more effectively, using the quality circles system, focusing on the work team approach, and innovating new incentives for individual and collective efforts, and many other methods that focus on one goal, which is improving job performance. Job performance is the activities and tasks that the employee performs in the organization and the actual results that he achieves in his field of work successfully to achieve the organization's goals efficiently and effectively according to the available resources, rules, procedures and specific methods of work.

This research deals with the life of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) through the thought of the Egyptian writer، who touched on the life of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) and the difficulties that Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) faced، starting with his life with his father and focusing on the reconciliation he concluded with Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan and the conditions that were imposed on him. The Imam (peace be upon him) stipulated it on Muawiyah and the position of his brother Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) regarding the reconciliation he concluded with Muawiyah and the results achieved by signing the contract.

The study aimed to know the effect of analogical thinking in developing the skill performance of the students of the Department of Art Education in planning and colors. The research community of (210) students was distributed to two experimental groups studying planning and colors according to the analogical thinking strategy, and the control group studying in the usual way, as the number of each hall reached (50) students. The cognitive achievement test - the skill test) to measure the achievement of the students of the two groups (T, Z) and this test was characterized by honesty and reliability, and the statistical bag (Spss) was used as it fits the current research, and it was found that the students of the experimental group who studied according to the analogical thinking strategy were superior to the students of the control group who Study the material in the usual way .

The Arabic language is not limited to what appears on the surface of the text, but usually delves into the depths of texts to bring out the hidden and concealed meanings within them. This has inspired Arabic scholars to pay attention to the objection, with its connotations, some of which are indicated by the apparent meanings of the text, and others are included in what is hidden in it, from the hidden secrets. This means that the research is focused on clarifying the moral, semantic and stylistic effects of the concept of the objection.

The West has worked to establish specific terms and approaches to neutralize Islam and confine it to a narrow corner, recruiting for this work some Muslims with limited cultures or troubled mentalities for the purpose of imposing this agenda on Muslim countries, accusing Islam of backwardness and reactionism at times, and that it is an obstacle to the movement of progress at other times, forgetting what Islam and the Islamic world have established in terms of intellectual and scientific renaissance from which the countries of Europe and the civilized world still draw their information. Therefore, this research addressed the position of Islam on secularism, which attempts to limit the role of Islam in society and confine it to places of worship only.

The research aims to identify the effect of the project-based learning strategy on developing creative thinking in science for sixth grade students. The research sample consisted of sixth grade students at Al-Fadl Mixed Elementary School, totaling 50 students, with 25 in the experimental group who were taught using the project-based learning strategy to develop their creative thinking in science, and 25 in the control group who were taught using the traditional method. The achievement test in science for the sixth grade was designed and its scientific properties were verified. The researcher used the SPSS statistical analysis program to analyze the research data and reached the following results:
There is a statistically significant difference between the mean achievement scores of the students in the experimental group and the control group, in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the project-based learning strategy to develop creative thinking in science for the sixth grade.
When students work on real and engaging projects, they become more enthusiastic and interested in the subject matter, which helps increase their intrinsic motivation towards learning.

The research aims to identify the development of residential units in the city of Amara and to identify the most important basic and vital services within the housing, in addition to studying the architectural fabric of residential units within the city. The study area witnessed urban development after 2003 and rapid growth in population numbers. This growth led to a variety of housing types in the study area, which were characterized by high levels of construction and materials used in construction. The study, within this research, attempted from a methodological perspective to reveal the points of the sometimes complex structural fabric with its construction indicators, planning violations, and sometimes regulatory violations in some residential areas. It was found that the study area was subject to urban planning in successive years since the mid-sixties to draw the features of the urban city and its building systems that developed with the time stages that the city went through, as residential shops were established within the city according to a planning system that reveals the development in housing planning, building materials used in them, and the external facades of these residential units, which were mostly characterized by the Western style consisting of one or two floors and sometimes luxurious residences built on large areas.

Intentional killing is the most serious crime in human societies, as the result of this act is the loss of a human life, which cannot be compensated or remedied, and despite the achievement of a result of great impact, most of the legislation in determining the punishment for this crime took two directions; A tendency towards strictness if it is associated with certain circumstances related to the materiality of the crime or the capacity of the offender, and another tendency towards mitigation in other circumstances that require clemency.
This means that the legislation, in terms of severity or mitigation, looked directly at the behavior and description of the offender, and not at the effect of the criminal act (taking a life), and the danger or lack of it is an idea that lies in the same offender, touched by the street through several things, the most important of which are the reasons that prompted the commission of the crime or The goal that the offender wants to achieve, the offender who kills his wife in order to obtain a sum of insurance for her after her death reveals a vile motive and a criminal danger to him, which makes the legislator face a situation in which the punishment must be severe in proportion to the danger revealed by the offender, and whoever kills his wife while she is In the case of adultery, he reveals that he does not accept this scene, which prolonged his trust in his wife and destroyed the most important values between them, which is chastity and honor.
The legislator looked at this premeditated murder from a different perspective, requiring clemency and mitigating the punishment.
Between this reason and that touched by the legislator in general and the Iraqi legislator in particular, we will tend to the reason for the mitigating excuse for the crime of premeditated murder committed by the mother against her newborn child, and how did the legislator deal with this case of premeditated murder, so we ask several questions, did the Iraqi legislator agree to mitigate the punishment? What are the reasons for this mitigation? And are there cases in which the provisions of the Penal Code conflict that constitute inconsistency or incompatibility between them? Does the role of the perpetrator (the mother) differ if she is the principal perpetrator or partner in this crime?

In accordance "with Almighty Allah ,s saying in alsajda verse "No one knows what they will be bestowed of bless and comfort , the current study intends to foucus on the rhetoric in the expressions implied in the vers . The vers contains much eloquent vocabulary that stimulates the mind to meditate in its meanings and indicatisons. The vocabulary that appears in this vers appear in various linguistic indication . Besides, the deep significance implied in the verse and the edvient miraculous style instigate researchers to meditate over its meanings and take them all into account

The Current study aims at:
1- What is the level of cultural awareness of a kindergarten child?
2- Identifying the cultural awareness of kindergarten child according to gender change.
The sample of the current study consisted of 300 preschool children from public kindergartens, who were selected using simple random sampling.
The research population was limited to kindergarten children in Baghdad Governorate for the six districts of Karkh (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and Al-Rusafa (1st, 2nd, 3rd) for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher developed a cultural awareness test consisting of 27 items distributed across nine domains (social awareness, religious awareness, health awareness, environmental awareness, linguistic awareness, artistic awareness, cultural awareness, national awareness, and heritage awareness), with response options of (poor, average, good) and weights of (0, 1, 2). The test was prepared following scientific steps for test construction, and after the items were developed, the test was administered to the research sample. The data was then entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, Upon analyzing the data, the results showed the following: 1- The preschool children in the sample have a good level of cultural awareness. 2- There is a statistically significant difference between the means based on the gender variable, favoring the female participants in the sample.
In light of the results, the researcher made a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The approach and methods of sports learning and training are increasingly utilizing modern tools, technologies, and devices, whether in analyzing movement, correcting errors that occur during learning and training, or in competitions that are difficult to detect or address with the naked eye. Through studies and research conducted by experts, it has been established that coaches must employ modern techniques during training sessions to identify and resolve weaknesses. This approach not only facilitates more efficient use of time and effort for coaches but also positively impacts the performance levels of players. After reviewing numerous Arabic and foreign studies in badminton, racquet sports, and other sports that have utilized technologies, tools, and artificial intelligence to advance sports, facilitate the calculation of biomechanical variables, and design exercises and training programs according to devices and tools. Previous studies have demonstrated that tools, devices, and technologies positively impact error correction, elevating players' levels, and advancing sports to achieve top positions. This progress supports the goals of sustainable development by leveraging resources that enhance learning, training, and the advancement of sports science research, ultimately benefiting the sports sector.

International efforts have been combined through the Rome Conference to Combat the Most Serious Crimes, and the participating delegations agreed that international crimes are crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and crimes of aggression. Crimes against humanity are considered the most serious forms of international crimes; and forms of this type of crime include crimes of persecution; which are based on deliberately depriving a group of civilians of their basic rights because of the identity of the group. Israel practices various forms of crimes of persecution against the civilian population in the Gaza Strip; it violates their right to life and their right to physical integrity and attacks the media sector; in addition to depriving the civilian population in the Gaza Strip of their right to education, housing, and health; and many other things that fall within the framework of violating basic rights. The commission of this type of crime requires international prosecution of the perpetrators of these crimes, and compensation for the Palestinian victims.

The aim of the research was to identify:
(1) the tendency to abuse among orphan adolescents in secondary schools in Baghdad.
(2) the significance of statistical differences in the tendency to abuse according to the variable of gender – specialization).
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the following: - The scale of the tendency to abuse was built based on the definition and theory of (Aizen 1985), which includes three areas: emotional control - regulation of tools - restraint) (attitudes towards behavior - personal standards - perceived control of behavior). The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (300) middle school students, with (195) males and (105) females for the academic year 2023-202, and the results were as follows:
1- The research sample has a low level of tendency to abuse on the scale of tendency to abuse.
2- There is a difference in the tendency to abuse according to the gender variable (males, females) and in favor of females. There is also a difference in the tendency to abuse according to the variable of one of the parents consuming alcohol and in favor of (yes), and there is a difference in the tendency to abuse according to the variable of one of the friends consuming alcohol and in favor of (yes)
The research concluded with a discussion of the results and the presentation of some recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to identify the manifestations of semantic development in its three forms in the book “Bisharat al-Mustafa” by Shia al-Murtada. Semantic development is one of the important manifestations that allow us to know the dynamics of language and its development over time; given that language is a manifestation of social manifestations that develop with the development of society, which made it an exhibition of development and change in terms of its meaning. Semantic development is one of the important and essential issues in semantics, which has received the attention of the ancients and moderns.

This research discussed the most important educational values derived from the verse of religion and their practical applications in our contemporary reality. The Verse of Religion, or the Verse of Debt, is one of the longest verses in the Holy Qur’an. The sequence of the verse occurs in number 282 of Surat Al-Baqarah. The flexibility of applying the educational and legislative values of the Verse of Religion in our contemporary reality comes from the fact that the Holy Qur’an meets the needs of humanity in all its forms and in every time and place. This Quranic approach is therefore guaranteed by the provisions of the Verse of Religion; Achieving balance, harmony, harmony and moderation in the life of a Muslim, without any clash between all human activities, and completely different from the positive approach formulated by man, in which he relied on the superficial appearances of matters without examining the facts of matters. The research also emphasized social responsibility and consideration of the human aspect included in the verse of religion, and the educational and educational role of the Islamic education teacher was highlighted.

The research aims to identify (the effect of vocabulary association strategy on the expressive performance of fourth-grade literary students). The researcher adopted the experimental method because it is compatible with the research procedures. The researcher applied it to a sample of (64) students from the second intermediate grade in (Uwais Al-Qarni Preparatory School for Boys), one of the schools of the Third Rusafa Education Directorate in Baghdad Governorate. The researcher conducted a statistical reward between the two research groups. The researcher prepared our questionnaire that included (10) topics for expression, and presented them to a group of experts and arbitrators, to choose six topics from them to test the students of the two research groups in expressive performance. The researcher then prepared teaching plans based on the vocabulary association strategy for the students in the experimental group, and according to the steps of the traditional method for the control group. He presented two models of these plans to experts and specialists to determine their validity. The researcher adopted a unified tool to measure the expressive performance of the students in the two research groups. He prepared a post-test on expressive performance for the purposes of his research, to be applied to the two research groups (experimental and control), and then corrected it based on Al-Rubaie's (1997) correction criteria. After analyzing the results of the students' answers and processing them statistically using appropriate statistical methods, the t-test for two independent samples, and the Pearson correlation coefficient, the results showed that the students in the experimental group who were taught the expression material using the association strategy outperformed the students in the experimental group. Vocabulary compared to the control group.
In light of the research results, the researcher concluded the following:
Teaching using the vocabulary association strategy is effective in enhancing the expressive performance of fourth-grade literary students. The researcher made several recommendations, including:
The need for Arabic language teachers to be familiar with the vocabulary association strategy when teaching expression to middle school students. They should avoid indoctrination and imposing ideas, and help students access information on their own. To complement this study, the researcher proposed conducting several studies, including a study of the effect of the vocabulary association strategy on reading comprehension and other academic levels.

The current study aims to (Analyze the Content of Social Studies Textbooks in the Intermediate Stage According to the Concepts of Preventive Education and Suggestions for their Inclusion).
The researcher has constructed the questions of the current study as follows:
1- How much do you know about preventive education concepts?
2- to what extent does the content of the social studies textbooks for the intermediate stage includes preventive education concepts.
3- Do you have a clear idea of the preventive education concepts in the content of the social studies books for the intermediate stage?
4- Make suggestions to include preventive education concepts in the content of the social studies books for the intermediate stage?
To achieve the research objective, the researcher has adopted the descriptive research method. The research population consisted of the social studies textbooks for the intermediate stage which are taught in the academic year (2023-2024 AD), including the first grade book, 5th edition (2023), the second grade, 4th edition (2023), and the third grade, 2nd edition (2023). The researcher excluded (the introduction, index, and questions) for these three books, and thus the total number of analyzed pages was (380) pages.
The researcher relied on (the idea) as a unit of analysis. The unit of analysis was determined in all the content included in the social studies textbooks. The researcher chose the research sample which is represented by the content of the social studies textbooks in the intermediate stage, which are taught for the academic year (2023-2024 AD).
The researcher used the questionnaire as an analysis tool, which consisted of (5) main areas and (40) sub-paragraphs after reviewing the literature and presenting it to some experts and specialists in the field of teaching methods in order to express their opinions and observations on it.
Moreover, the researcher used Cooper's equation to extract the stability of the analysis, and she also used the hypothetical mean to extract the percentage of the cut-off used to extract the results. The researcher extracted the validity of the tool through the percentage and chi-square.
The researcher has reached the following analysis results:
1- The social studies textbook for the first intermediate stage achieved one concept and did not achieve four concepts.
2- The social studies textbook for the second intermediate stage achieved one concept and did not achieve four concepts.
3- The social studies textbook for the third intermediate stage achieved three concepts and did not achieve two concepts.
In light of the current research results, the researcher concludes the following:
1- The materials of the social studies textbooks for the intermediate stage did not reflect in their content the concepts of preventive education and the number of their inclusion was (467) repetitions and a percentage of (100%).
2- The availability of preventive education concepts in the topics that the research sample dealt with was varied.
3- There is a lack of interest among a number of social studies teachers in these concepts in addition to their lack of knowledge of them, as the researcher concluded through her question about the research problem for these concepts.
4- The lack of consideration by the authors of the curricula and textbooks of social studies materials to include the concepts of preventive education in the social studies books for the intermediate stage.
In light of the research results, the researcher recommends the following:
1- Giving attention to all concepts of preventive education in balanced proportions and including them in social studies curricula and textbooks, taking into account the ages and levels of students and the importance of the subject.
2- Preparing lists of all concepts of preventive education to include them in the different educational stages.
3- Balancing the distribution of preventive education concepts in social studies books and not focusing on some concepts over others.
4- The inclusion of preventive education concepts in the content of social studies books should take into account balance, sequence and comprehensiveness from one stage to another and in the same class.
In light of the research results, the researcher suggests the following:
1- Conducting more studies and analytical research on the social studies curriculum in the different educational stages.
2- Conducting more research and studies to determine the extent to which the rest of the social studies textbooks are included in the different educational stages.
3- Conducting research to determine the extent to which social studies teachers have knowledge of preventive education concepts.

In the case of the crime of illegal gain, if the criminal belongs to any of the categories involved in submitting a financial liability report and has not submitted it, then this element is supposed to be fulfilled and contribute to the proof of the occurrence of the crime, and the case of illegal gain is considered a relatively recent crime, and it is not limited to the system. Al-Iraqi Al-Jizai is not only the theme of crimes at the international level since 1964, and in that year, the Argentine parliamentarian Rodolfo Sighoi took a legitimate step to criminalize and punish the public employee who owns wealth and cannot legitimately justify the infinitives. "This project was inspired by the incident of a government official in Argentina, and over the years, many countries have passed laws to criminalize illegal profit, and in the period from 1970 to 1980, several countries have passed proposals to criminalize this crime. In 1990, at least ten countries passed laws to criminalize illegal profit, and the pace of trust in these laws is accelerating around the world, where the monitoring and activation of anti-corruption mechanisms and the protection of public property are intensified, and the criminalization of illegal profit aims to strengthen transparency and fight against corruption, and it is considered a tool It is important in the efforts to combat financial crimes at the international level, and it seems that many countries have taken measures to criminalize illegal profit during the last decades. And as I mentioned, the international and regional agreements play an important role in strengthening these efforts and this global attention is aimed at fighting corruption, strengthening transparency and protecting public property. As for Iraq, the Illegal Profit Law was issued in 1958 after the 14th of July Revolution and the transformation of the country's governance system.

This research deals with Rabat and its preference in the world and the role of the Almoravids in the protection of the country, Rabat in the way of God of the best closeness, and the greatest acts of worship, but is the best approximation of the trainees and competitors compete after the obligatory, and that only because of the consequent victory of believers and uphold And the suppression of the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and facilitate the spread of Islamic call between the two worlds, and the removal of slaves from darkness to light and spread the virtues of Islam and its just provisions among all creatures, and other interests and the good consequences of Muslims.

The grade ten students are among the important category of young people in society, and they bear the responsibility of progress, and their development, as they have enormous mental and physical energies and capabilities, and they are not guiding and guiding them on how to make the decision to choose a future profession, and to reach them professional maturity and the right choice in proportion to their abilities, inclinations and interests.
The study sought to identify the role of guidance and counseling in spreading the culture of vocational education among students of the tenth grade in public schools from the point of view of the students themselves, and its relationship to the variables of the study, namely: gender, state, estimation of the average in the ninth grade, and place of residence. The study sample consisted of (435) students from the tenth grade students in government schools during the first semester of the academic year (2022/2023).
Based on the results of the study, the researchers recommended a set of recommendations, including: presenting successful models and stories in the field of vocational education through meetings between professionals with tenth grade students, spreading the culture of vocational education at all levels of educational institutions, the family and the media, and encouraging students to join it.

The researcher in the novel of the writer of the Iranian SiminDaneshvar showed the image of the woman and its social dimensions and this novel has received criticism and analysis, because it is a rich novel meaning and far-sighted, because of its role in addressing the inferiority of women and highlighting their avant-garde qualities as an educated, well-known, and responsible.. Etc. This study aims to present these dimensions and images, and to be serious and to create a theme for a creature full of emotions and full of emotions and sensations stage. Although there are many fictional personalities in this effect, the personality of Ms. Zery was the most prominent and most active among all, she is the well-informed champion and the actor, and in turn, the narrative events reach their climax and their real deeds and stored memory, we see the image of Iranian women suffering to endure and tolerate the suffering, it has become the character of the research role, and a clear mirror, through which to perceive the realistic image of Eastern, which is against the restrictions, and raises slogans and declares the sweeping revolution against masculine power, and the prevailing conditions, which were negative, heavier and restricted its freedom, And make them trapped, he lost behind the angry habits and traditions the researcher found many of the images, and the most prominent of them in a critical way a nation, including that this analysis is a way to address the problems that are in our eastern society.

This study aims to explore the impact of teaching with multimedia on improving intermediate school students' understanding of Islamic education concepts. The significance of this research lies in enhancing the quality of education in Islamic education by examining the effect of multimedia as an innovative educational tool, especially given the challenges faced by traditional education in engaging students and enhancing their understanding. The importance of this research also stems from the fact that Islamic education is a fundamental part of the intermediate school curriculum, contributing to the formation of religious values and concepts among students. However, many students at this stage struggle with understanding basic Islamic education concepts using traditional teaching methods. The current research aims to investigate the effect of the developed Kafarel model in developing infographic design skills among students at the Institute of Fine Arts in the subject of advertising art. The researcher adopted the experimental method in the current study due to its suitability for the research objectives and hypotheses. The researcher reached the following results:
1. Organizing the educational material within this strategy and dividing it into parts and sequential steps has the greatest impact on understanding and assimilating the study material. It increases students' motivation and enhances their academic performance by presenting the material gradually from simple to complex.
2. It encourages students to rely on themselves for work, as it provides an opportunity to build self-confidence through managing the collaborative group and because the student independently seeks the material.

This study aims to monitor and understand the perception of marketing public relations and its methods of practice in Iraq. Experts and practitioners in the field were targeted, and a comparative case study was used to analyze the programs and activities of marketing public relations for a group of companies and institutions operating in Iraq. Experts and practitioners in Iraq have a clear understanding of the role and objectives of marketing public relations within integrated marketing communications. The methods of practicing marketing public relations vary among companies and institutions in Iraq and are used to enhance the value and reputation of the brand. The study's findings align significantly with previous studies in the field of marketing public relations. There is a continuous need in Iraq for more specialists in the field of marketing public relations within integrated marketing communications. Many companies and institutions in Iraq have benefited from electronic communication and interactive communication to support marketing public relations activities. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of marketing public relations and its methods of practice in the Iraqi market and emphasizes the importance of employing integrated marketing communications to achieve marketing public relations goals and enhance brand value.

Ibn Abi Dhi'b belonged to the era of the Tabi'in, and his life witnessed the transitional period between the end of the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate and the beginning of the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate. During this period, political and military precipitations and unrest were at their most severe, to the point that people feared the oppression of the caliphs if he spoke truthfully. He would either be killed or imprisoned, in addition to being killed. Courtesy for material gain and pleasing the caliphs and governors, but Ibn Abi Dhi’b did not have all of that, as he was not one of the seekers of the world, positions, reputation, prestige, and courtesy. Fear of authority, rather, he is attached to his Creator, far from the world, its vanity, and its people. He does not show favoritism towards the truth, and is impartial in his words before the caliphs and governors, without fear and awe of them, and this is his approach, in addition to his advice to them and demanding of them the rights of the people, both the common people and the poor, to help them with money, and satisfy their need and poverty. In another aspect of his scientific life, he is a scholar of jurisprudence and hadith associated with the Prophet’s Mosque to teach people, and he is also considered one of the men and figures who narrate the oral narrative, especially the historical one.

The research aims to identify the effect of the project-based learning strategy on developing creative thinking in science for sixth grade students. The research sample consisted of sixth grade students at Al-Fadl Mixed Elementary School, totaling 50 students, with 25 in the experimental group who were taught using the project-based learning strategy to develop their creative thinking in science, and 25 in the control group who were taught using the traditional method. The achievement test in science for the sixth grade was designed and its scientific properties were verified. The researcher used the SPSS statistical analysis program to analyze the research data and reached the following results:
There is a statistically significant difference between the mean achievement scores of the students in the experimental group and the control group, in favor of the experimental group that was taught using the project-based learning strategy to develop creative thinking in science for the sixth grade.
When students work on real and engaging projects, they become more enthusiastic and interested in the subject matter, which helps increase their intrinsic motivation towards learning.

The current research aims to identify social pressure among university students. To achieve the research objectives, tools were required to measure social pressure. Therefore, the researchers resorted to building a social pressure scale based on Lazarus's theory of person-environment fit (cognitive assessment) (Person Environment fit theory), which in its original form consisted of (36) paragraphs. After extracting its psychometric properties, the scale in its final form consisted of (30) paragraphs with five-point responses (always applies to me - often applies to me - sometimes applies to me - rarely applies to me - does not apply to me), and the scores (5-4-3-2-1) are taken respectively when correcting for positive paragraphs, and the scores (1-2-3-4-5) are taken when correcting for negative paragraphs. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach. The current research community may be university students at the University of Karbala for the year (2023-2024). The researchers selected a sample of (400) male and female students, who were chosen randomly with proportional distribution. The research concluded that the research sample (university students) does not have social pressure, and based on what the research results showed, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to identify achievement motivation among male and female teachers of the Arabic language in the primary stage by answering the following question:
Identifying the level of achievement motivation among language teachers at the primary stage?
To answer the previous questions, the researcher followed a descriptive research approach, and limited her research community to male and female teachers of the Arabic language for the primary stage in government primary day schools, affiliated with the sub-directories of education in Diyala Governorate (Baquba Al-Markaz - Al-Khalis - Shahraban - Baladruz - Khanaqin), who numbered (322) male and female teachers. For the academic year 2023-2024.
To achieve the research goal, the researcher prepared a measurement tool:
A scale of achievement motivation among male and female teachers of the Arabic language in the primary stage: The researcher prepared a scale to measure the relationship of male and female Arabic language teachers towards achievement motivation, consisting of (62) items, and verified its validity and reliability, presented it to a group of experts, extracted construct validity, and extracted its reliability coefficient through Al-Facronbach equation.
After processing the data statistically, the results of the statistical analysis showed the following:
The members of the research sample, male and female teachers of the Arabic language, have an acceptable level of achievement motivation
In light of the research results, the researcher recommended:
1. The need for the concerned authorities in the Ministry of Education to pay attention in general to achievement motivation and its development among its employees.
2. The need for development centers to pay attention And scientific research in Ministry of Education Scientific research that produces distinctive and useful results that benefit the process Educational and develops it .
To complete For the requirements of the current research and its development, the researcher proposed a number of proposals, such as:
Conduct a study to determine the correlation between methods Teaching usage and achievement motivation among male and female Arabic language teachers in the primary stage.

The tremendous spread witnessed by humanity, especially after the development that took place in communication technologies at the beginning of the twenty-first century to the present time, and (the Internet, social networking sites, electronic games and smart devices) is one of the most widespread technologies, which is no longer limited to a people or a category of groups or a class of classes of society, almost all segments of society, old or young, males or females, use these technologies, and the impact of these technologies has extended to include all aspects of life, and that Iraqi society was not far from these developments, as it witnessed a great demand for the use of communication technologies and taking advantage of their advantages in all areas of life, and the individual is the first beneficiary of the positives of communication technologies, as the family in general and children in particular were the largest share of this impact, if we go back to a few years, we will find socialization institutions, which are (family, school, and places of worship) have a major role in the upbringing of individuals and their culture, but at the present time, this role has moved to techniques Communication, which has become the participation of parents in the upbringing of children, most notably television, social networking sites, the Internet and smart devices, whose influence has become dominating our homes and lives.

Assault on the property of the educational body is one of the problems facing educational staff in all schools, and it is generally understood that what is meant is the damage that occurs to the property of the educational body and the school in various forms.
This study aims to explain the concept of destroying educational staff property by shedding light on its vocabulary. Explaining its ruling in Islamic law and its legal impact and punishment. By investigating what is stated in the books of Islamic jurists.
The study included a statement of what jurists say about the consequences of the destroyer of educational body property from the perspective of Islamic law. The importance of this study appears in several matters, including: It sheds light on the destruction of educational body property and an explanation of the jurisprudential ruling on this destruction through What is mentioned in the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Hadiths and the special penalties approved by Islamic Sharia law protect and preserve the educational body from the simplest forms of destruction.
I have reached conclusions, the most important of which are: Damaging the property of educational staff members in various forms is causing harm to everything they receive or the school. Islamic law has forbidden that harm in the Holy Qur’an and the Noble Hadiths, and imposed a specific punishment for it, as the jurists agreed that the aggressor must be guaranteed what he destroys. However, they differed in the method of guarantee between what is ideal and valuable, and all the opinions of the jurists on this matter were mentioned in this study. Furthermore, there was a difference in the books of the jurists regarding the time during which the guarantee is required and its attachment to the guarantor’s responsibility, and several guarantee conditions were specified that apply in their content to the aggressor. On the property of the educational body, mentioning the areas of agreement and disagreement between jurists of Islamic schools of thought.

This study constitutes the definition of the importance of the seasons for romantic poets, and the importance of these seasons, especially as they throw themselves into the arms of nature and seek its help, and employ them in their poems, including the poet Ahmed Zaki Abu Shadi, who often sang about nature and recited poems in which he sang about the charms of nature and threw his worries on it, to form a warm embrace in which he seeks his refuge, and we chose from among the elements of nature the seasons, which he made the place to which he resorts at every stray and incoming, through his poems in mentioning the seasons we find that he expresses himself through them, and expresses the concerns that haunt him, especially since he is one of the romantic poets .
The research was divided into three sections, the first was concerned with defining the season linguistically and technically, and the second
the objective aspects in the seasons, and then standing at the most important artistic aspects that dominated his poems, especially since he is a romantic poet as I mentioned earlier, so it is necessary to employ his poems
And embroidering it with some rhetorical arts, and he is one of the most important poets who conveyed the sensory image to the recipient, and the study relied on the descriptive analytical method because it was compatible with the research and its circumstances.

After stating the elements of production and defining and detailing them, a question comes from the individual producer regarding these elements and their availability and sufficiency for the production process. Is it rare like the scarcity corresponding to the product itself of unlimited desires and needs in a world of limited resources as the positive economic systems claim, or are the resources sufficient but the products are deficient causing this scarcity.

God send his prophet Muhammad bin Abdullah glad tidings and waener to the people guide them to the right path after living ignorance of life, and had to be of the prophet Muhammad (peace upon him) from the company of the finest and follow him to have a good example. If shares the companions (Allah bless him) ibn the manufacture of our long history and gained the honor of lead in Sacrifice and jihad in spreading debt consolidation human stray and guidance to approach the frue, curriculum massenger (peace upon him).
These comanions are positions who forgot them and blur owners a a lot of facts about their personalities and their biography which gave it to tendentions writers that implement the spending it distorts their true form and lie on them unless thry lie to others.
One of those companions who sacrified for the sake of God Khubayb bin Adi bin Malik bin Amer Al-Ansari (Allah bless him) the young man who saw Badr the enemies of Allah and his messenger namely Al-Harith bin Amar.

The researcher aims to identify the types of administrative leadership styles prevailing among teachers of some individual sports (fencing, karate, and track and field) in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Sulaymaniyah. The problem of the research is that the researcher noticed that the leadership methods and the leadership role played by the teacher in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences-University of Sulaymaniyah differs according to the level of skill and effectiveness on him. The researcher thought that his problem is clarified through the following question (Is there a difference between the administrative leadership methods prevailing among some teachers? Individual games (fencing, karate, and track and field). The research sample included teachers from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Sulaymaniyah for some individual sports (fencing, karate, track and field). They were chosen intentionally and numbered (17) teachers only. The exploratory experiment was applied to (2) teachers of karate and track and field. They were excluded from the main work sample. The researcher used the Sports Leadership Scale from Psychology to measure behavior, which is a multi-dimensional scale for analyzing behavior, and each statement was followed by a five-point scale: always (5), most of the time (4), some kindness (3), rarely (2), logical. (1). The researcher used the SPSS statistical package.
The researchers concluded: The emergence of different viewpoints among teachers (fencing, karate, track and field) towards administrative leadership styles. There are no significant differences between the opinions of teachers (fencing, karate, track and field) regarding administrative leadership styles.

The research aims to determine the effect of self-esteem in enhancing motor learning in the skill of serving in table tennis. The study population included all table tennis players for the North Oil Club in Kirkuk, Iraq. The study sample consisted of a purposive sample of male and female table tennis players for the North Oil Club, and the questionnaire was relied upon as the study tool, which was distributed to 62 male and female players in the club. A descriptive and analytical approach was also adopted, and its results showed:
There is a significant effect of self-esteem in enhancing motor learning in the skill of serving in table tennis, and there are significant differences between the average answers of the sample members regarding the effect of self-esteem in enhancing motor learning in the skill of serving in table tennis. Depending on the gender variable, the study recommended the following: Male and female players must exert more effort to develop their performance and increase their skill in the table tennis serve skill, and practice adopting fast and precise techniques when serving the table tennis ball to serve it with great fluidity. Male and female players must identify weaknesses in their performance and strive to remedy the shortcomings in these areas and strengthen them, and identify areas of weakness. Strength, enhancement, and knowledge of how to invest it in the skill of serving in table tennis.

The Quran is extraordinary in its eloquence and rhetoric, surpassing the ordinary, leaving the deniers speechless and compelling the acknowledgers to admit its truth. To reflect on the miraculous nature of its rhetoric, let us consider the remarkable brevity and apparent eloquence in the verse: (And there is [a safeguard of] life for you in the law of retaliation [Qisas]). We find there the wonders of structure and the excellence of arrangement, along with the correspondence between the two opposing meanings: retaliation (Qisas) and life.
Praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the best of creation, Mohammed, and upon his pure and righteous family and companions.

The research aimed to identify: the parental treatment methods of parents of primary school students, and the effect of a guidance program in the style of positive interventions on the methods of parental treatment among primary school students, through the hypothesis: There is no effect of the guidance program in the style of positive interventions in improving treatment methods. Parenting among parents of primary school students. In the pre- and post-test, an experimental design was chosen for the two groups (experimental and control). The researcher built a measure of parental treatment styles, according to Maslow’s humanism theory. The researcher chose a sample (274) of the students’ parents to extract the psychometric characteristics. For the scale, the validity of the scale was verified by extracting the discrimination and the relationship of the item to the total score and correlation matrices, as well as the reliability through two retest and Cronbach methods. A sample (12) was selected from the students’ guardians, whose scores were less than the first quarter on the scale of parental treatment methods. The sample was divided into two groups for each group (6), in a simple random way, and parity between the two groups was extracted. The counseling program consisted of ten sessions, using appropriate statistical methods through the (SPSS) program. The results showed that the members of the research sample had parental treatment styles. There are statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the post-test, and there are statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test. There is an effect of the guidance program using the Cohen equation and the Eta equation, and in light of the results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

There were multiple poetic purposes in the poetry of Ibn Hani’ al-Andalusi. It is poetry in which Ibn Hani’ followed the classical approach or ancient Levantine poetry in terms of the eloquence of words, their elegance and magnificence, and the durability and quality of the compositions, in addition to his adoption of the structure or structure of the ancient Arabic poem based on multiple poetic purposes, which was often He begins it with a poem or a relative, as was the custom of ancient poets, and then moves on to the main purpose of the poem, praise or satire, and so on.
Various purposes have emerged in the poetry of Ibn Hani’ Al-Andalusi, the first of which is praise, a purpose that almost dominates all of his collections, in addition to poetry, satire, lamentation, wisdom, and wine. We will stop at these poetic purposes, to trace the concept of apology that Ibn Hani used in the context of the aforementioned purposes, with the necessity of noting that in Ibn Hani’s poetry we are not faced with simple poems, but rather complex poems in the Carthaginian expression, as his poems, in most general cases, involve a purpose other than Connected in one context, except that - due to school necessity - we will sort some of these purposes according to the approved requirements

The history of religions refers to a record of the doctrinal ideas and experiences that man believed from ancient times. This record of the history of religions begins with the invention of writing approximately five thousand years ago, which corresponds to the year 3000 BC in the Near East. As for the period before the history of religions, it relates to the study of religious beliefs that existed before the appearance of written records. The nineteenth century witnessed a significant increase in knowledge of other cultures and religions, and it also witnessed the establishment of economic movements and the advancement of social histories. The “History of Religions” school sought to take into account this religious diversity by linking it to the social and economic situation of a particular group. It is certain that typical religions have gone through stages of development from simple societies to complex societies, especially from polytheism to monotheism and from improvisation to organization. Organized religion arose to justify the actions of the central authority, which had the right to collect taxes in exchange for providing the state with social and security services. Organized religion emerged as a means of maintaining peace between unrelated individuals. Therefore, the temporal and historical depth that religions enjoy provides the researcher with opportunities to delve deeper, investigate, and study to reach the features of the emergence of religious beliefs.

One of the most important features of human creation is its uniqueness from other creatures. This uniqueness makes the human being a distinct being who possesses his own identity and imprint that makes him different from others despite his integration and interaction with them. However, at the same time, he does not lose his unique characteristics and special presence. Therefore, the current research aims to identify:
1-The identity of uniqueness among graduate students.
2- Statistically significant differences according to the variables of sex (males, females) .
To achieve these goals, the researcher adopted a tool to measure uniqueness identity, which is the scale (Fromkin & Snyder, 1980), who are the proponents of the uniqueness theory that the researcher adopted in explaining uniqueness identity in her current research. The scale consists of (32) items distributed over three areas (lack of concern for the reactions of others, lack of following rules, defending personal beliefs) In addition, each paragraph has five alternatives.
The scale was applied to the statistical analysis sample, which amounted to (344) postgraduate students, and the final application sample, which amounted to (400) male and female students, who were chosen by a stratified random method with a proportional distribution from eight colleges, five science colleges and three humanities colleges from the University of Babylon, distributed among According to the variables of gender, specialization, and study, and after collecting and processing the data statistically using the statistical package (SPSS) and using the t-test equation for one sample and two independent samples, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-square for goodness of fit and extracting the discriminatory power of the scale, the Cronbach’s alpha equation, and the retest method to extract the reliability of the scale. As well as Fisher's test for differences in correlation, in addition to the regression analysis equation, the research reached the following results:
1- Postgraduate students possess an identity of uniqueness.
2- There are no statistically significant differences among postgraduate students according to the variables of sex (males, females).
Based on these results, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals in the fourth chapter.

This research is related to the provisions of purity and its study through the selections of Ibn Muzain in the books of the Maliki school, and a comparison with the schools of jurisprudence, as Ibn Muzain is considered one of the jurists of the Maliki school of thought. Therefore, I titled this research as (The jurisprudential choices of Ibn Muzain in the Book of Prayer and their effects in the Maliki school of thought/a comparative jurisprudential study), and I divided it into two sections, making the first section in introducing Ibn Muzain al-Maliki, and the second section in explaining the meaning of choice, and mentioning his choices in the Book of Prayer, and I concluded the research. A conclusion containing the most important results, followed by sources and references.

One of the stories of the Holy Qur’an is the story of the Prophet Yunus، peace and blessings be upon him
peace be upon him، in the Holy Qur’an and the secrets and observations it contains in the provisions of Sharia، which constituted an integrated system of laws consistent with the application of divine laws and the concerns of people in applying them. This led to the development of a methodology that helped the ideal life in harmony with human nature، and then The researcher presented the truth of this story according to the commentator (Muhammad bin Mahmoud al-Tabalsi
He is one of the scholars of the eleventh century AH. He wrote his book entitled (Buddat Al-Bayan fi Sharh Verses of Stories of the Qur’an)، in which he dealt with the explanation of Qur’anic stories. He collected the verses related to each story of the prophets، nations، and peoples، and then studied them analytically، where he made a statement. The grammatical aspects، explaining the rhetorical aspects of Qur’anic words، explaining the readings، and the differences between readers.
He explained the meanings of words، and included the sayings and opinions of commentators such as Al-Tabari، Al-Thalabi، Al-Tusi، Al-Zamakhshari، and others. He also interpreted the Qur’anic texts in a narrative manner by conveying the heritage of the Prophet’s family، peace be upon them، and his honorable companions، and summarized from it the truth of the theory mentioned in the interest in interpreting the Mighty Book of God through the presentation of the Qur’anic texts and the noble prophetic hadiths، trying to reveal what is closest to the spirit of the Qur’anic truth in it. It was clear from its starting point that the Qur’an is an explanation of everything، and it was later concluded that they - the Qur’anic stories - are one of the types of divine commands regarding the uprightness of the Holy Street

The term pragmatics has occupied a wide horizon of the horizons of modern linguistic studies, as it is a very rich topic, for what it provides in terms of producing a communicative speech act, related to the referential function, and linked to a verbal confrontation that includes (the transmitter - the receiver), as they are responsible for the speech style, and the semantic effect associated with the situational situation. Due to the importance of this topic, we directed our efforts to choosing a noble text dedicated to direct speech acts, and replete with a driving force of accomplishment towards (full compliance) and achieving acceptability at a high level, and with a direct impact on hearts and souls, for a will that carries within it the best prophetic wisdom in guidance, preaching, prudence and contemplation, and embodying these moral standards, we took the pragmatic study as a topic entitled (Direct speech acts in the Prophet's (PBUH) will known as the long will of Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (PBUH)) a pragmatic-analytical study. Keywords (pragmatics, speech acts, the Prophet’s (PBUH) will, the long will, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari (PBUH)).

The study aims to illustrate the impact of the culture of consumption resulting from globalization and its consequences on the cultural, social, economic and political levels – on Iraqi families, which means that a consumer lifestyle intertwined with a myriad of daily obligations inside and outside the family sphere, whether cultural or life, is inevitable. With the advancement of markets in commodities and supply thanks to economic development... The phenomenon of consumption has expanded exponentially to a point where it begins to influence family values by reinforcing individuals' needs for what they consider desirable on social media.

In this research, we try to stand on the element of repetition in new poetry based on the poems of Badr Shakir Sabb. The method of descriptive and analytical research and the method of data collection is the library. Repetition is the main axis of the internal music of poetry and one of the important factors of alienation in the view of formalists. The basic rule in repetition is that it serves the meaning of the poem and has a strong and precise connection with other poems. One of the most prominent features of his poetry in Arabic literature is the element of repetition; so that it can be considered one of the methods of renewal in contemporary poetry. Badr Shakir Sayyab is considered an innovative poet who uses the most repetition of the sentence in his poetry. Strengthening the internal music, highlighting social and political topics, visualizing images, and highlighting the poet's inner beauty are among the functions of repetition in her poetry.

The research aims to identify the effect of Post and Brennan's strategy on the achievement and development of creative thinking among students of the College of Education in the subject of Kurdish grammar. To achieve the research objective, the researcher formulated a null hypothesis. The researchers adopted the design of two equivalent groups, an experimental group that studied the subject according to Post and Brennan's strategy, and a control group that studied the same subject according to the usual method, with a post-test for academic achievement and creative thinking. The research community included students of the Kurdish Language Department, Ibn Rushd College of Education for Humanities, University of Baghdad / first stage of the Kurdish Grammar course for the academic year (2023-2024). Class A, with 21 male and female students, represented the experimental group, and Class B, with 22 male and female students, represented the control group.
The researchers conducted equivalence between the students of the two research groups in the variables: (chronological age calculated in months, previous knowledge about the subject of the experiment, intelligence factor, academic achievement of the students' fathers and mothers).
Among the results reached by the research: The importance of using the Post and Brennan's strategy in increasing students' achievement in the subject of Kurdish grammar for college students studying Kurdish (as a second language) and it has a tangible effect in raising the level of their creative thinking.
The researchers recommended several recommendations, including: The possibility of using the Post and Brennan strategy in teaching Kurdish grammar to students of the Kurdish language department and urging teachers to use various educational methods inside the classroom.

Groundwater is an important resource for desert and semi-desert areas worldwide as it compensates for the shortage of surface water resources and rainfall as well. Water is the vital artery on the surface of the Earth because most human activities depend on water from agriculture, industry, domestic consumption and other uses. The importance of groundwater increases as human pressure on groundwater increases, so it is exploited as an alternative or supplement to it. Accordingly, groundwater is those layers containing water that lie above the impermeable layer. Groundwater is found within underground layers of the Earth, where there are spaces and cracks between soil particles, gravel and rocks. The movement of this water is slow compared to the surface flow of rainwater, and the sources of groundwater feeding are several, including rivers, lakes, rain, melting ice or artificial feeding.

My research included two chapters: As for the first chapter: I discussed the author's personal and academic life, by studying: his name, title, nickname, sheikhs, students, writings, and death.
The second chapter: I made it for the verified text, as the author discussed in it an explanation of one
of the issues of inheritance division in the science of inheritance, which is endowment on children.

It is not hidden from every mind that the noble Islamic sciences have great importance in the life of a Muslim, as they are a means of illuminating the light for him. Among the Islamic sciences that people in general and scholars in particular need is the science of interpretation: it is the explanation of the meanings of the noble Qur’anic words, and knowing the meanings of the Qur’anic words has a great impact on the souls of students of knowledge. Interpretation should also be far from whims, fanaticism and extremism. The interpreter must be knowledgeable in the transmitted and rational Islamic sciences in order to be knowledgeable about what he says. Therefore, I hoped to learn about how interpreters deal with the meanings of the Holy Qur’an and explain them. My research was entitled (Interpretive Subtleties of Imam al-Sabuni in Surat al-Baqarah as a Model - Collection and Study.

The Qur’anic text is the divine law and the discourse is the original law to which one must refer, and no one else should take precedence over it. Or it is the collection of the sacred texts revealed to the Noble Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) of origins and branches, and it has a divine source.
As for understanding this text, it is a human effort to read it and understand its meaning in a systematic and precise manner, and each person’s religion is the same as his understanding of it. Accordingly, people’s correct and accurate understanding of the verses represents knowledge of God’s intent in His verses, and the changing tools of understanding used in the text, whether sectarian tendency or personal or religious bias. Whether political or social, understandings of the Qur’anic text change, and one of the results of this is the emergence of multiple trends in understanding the meanings of the verses.

Translation from the sender when producing the speech depends on prior mental planning, and is controlled by several communicative factors, which is noted through his choice of the appropriate rhetorical direction for him in achieving certain goals and purposes, and in this research we stopped at the most important prominent mechanisms in Surat Al-Baqarah through the use of the directional strategy that appears clear, which had a clear impact in directing the sender to choose an appropriate important strategy in his speech that helps him achieve his goal that the sender seeks, including the style of command, prohibition, warning, temptation and mentioning the consequences, as each style represented an achievement force that included direct meanings, implicit meanings and procedural contents that helped in achieving the purposes.

There are changes in rainfall over Iraq and the world due to global climate changes, there are areas where rainfall is affected by an increase and areas exposed to drought, and there are changes in the dates and shape of rainfall. Iraq is an area with winter rains and precipitation also occurs during the two equinoxes, the amounts of rain were subjected to changes with the passage of the seasons, so all the rains of the studied stations tended to decrease during winter and spring, either the autumn season witnessed an increase in the amount of rain and that all changes are of a weak direct correlation, during the autumn the rains of all stations tended to increase except for the Mosul station, and the winter rains tended to decrease for all stations, either the spring rains tended to decrease in All stations except Mosul and Kirkuk stations, and all changes were of weak direct correlation, except for the changes of Baghdad station were strongly correlated.

Etiquette is one of the common things in our Arab societies. It is related to the daily behavior of the individual in terms of food, clothing, speech and walking. It is the daily actions of the individual according to rules that have been inherited by generations and followed. At the same time, it is not binding on everyone. People who do not adhere to these rules cannot be held accountable according to the law, but they may be subject to criticism or rejection within our societies for not adhering to these behaviors. What is striking is that most of those who care about this matter come to mind and think that this social and intellectual heritage is a heritage that came from Europe, specifically the French and English medieval societies. The origin of the word etiquette is French and was transferred through colonialism to the countries they controlled, trying to transfer these ideas to the peoples under their control and subject to their rule for refinement. However, the one who is familiar with and follows the Arab and Islamic cultural heritage finds that Islamic culture, with its intellectual and civilizational heritage, is full of many books and blogs that talk about the art of etiquette. Hence, the idea of writing a series of articles to introduce this The cultural and intellectual legacy and clarifying what these blogs and books contain on the subject of etiquette. The writer, historian and scholar Abu Uthman Amr bin Bahr Al-Jahiz (d. 255 AH) played a major role in these writings and his book (The Crown in the Ethics of Kings) is considered one of the most wonderful things written on this matter. He dealt in the folds of this book with everything straying and coming about the art of etiquette in the presence of the kings of the Arabs and Persians. By the kings of the Arabs, he means the caliphs of the Umayyad and Abbasid Islamic states. This book was divided into several chapters, each chapter dealing with an aspect of this art, from the entrance of the characters to the council of the caliph or king until their exit from it and from the different classes and races of society and everything that goes on in this council from entering, sitting, eating, talking, singing and drinking until the exit.

Empowering Women in Countering Violent Extremism in accordance with Resolution 2535
Assistant Professor Dr. Abeer Najm Abdullah Al-Khalidi
Head of the International Community Research Department – Center for Women's Studies
In light of the challenges faced by Iraq in building a new Iraq free of violence and extremism and emphasizing the role of Iraqi women at the current stage by adhering to the terms of international conventions and resolutions that serve development, security and societal and international peace, it is necessary to highlight Resolution 2535, which emphasizes the active role of Iraqi women, and this is what has been addressed in our current research, which aims to: Countering Violent Extremism Second: Mechanisms and dimensions of women's empowerment according to the developments of the current stage Third: The nature of Resolution 2535 and the role of women in promoting societal and international peace and security, the current research consists of two chapters, the first chapter dealt with the general theoretical framework, the problem and importance of the study, the goal, the limits, and the most important concepts and terms contained therein.
The second chapter (women's empowerment and Resolution 2535) dealt with the first axis of challenges, procedures and ways of legal and legislative solutions, the second axis of policies, strategies and challenges The digital space in rehabilitation, the third axis is civil society and feminist action to prevent violence and extremism, the fourth axis is action plans to prevent violent extremism, the fifth axis is the role of women in preventing violent extremism, and finally the special axis is on the role of the Iraqi government in working with international organizations to reduce violence and extremism (International Organization for Migration), the research reached many important recommendations related to the development of Iraq and enhancing the role of Iraqi women and empowering them in decision-making, including
1- Develop future national and regional action plans related to preventing and countering violent extremism at the local and international levels by decision-makers and specialists in Iraqi ministries
2- Rehabilitation and reintegration of groups covered by extremism and violence through specialized centres in the Iraqi government and providing specialists in the field of (mental health, sociology, psychology and everyone related) in accordance with a solid action plan to eliminate all forms of violence and violent extremism
The research also reached many important proposals; the research was strengthened by important and modern sources that serve the course of the current research

Producing offspring is the primary purpose of marriage in Mesopotamian society, as the presence of children constituted the continuity of the family name and its entity, in addition to the fact that children were a guarantee for the parents that there would be someone to care for them in their old age and perform religious rituals for their souls after their death. For these reasons, families who were deprived of the blessing of offspring compensated for their deprivation by adopting children, and the widespread spread of adoption in Mesopotamia, especially during the ancient Babylonian era, explains the presence of many laws regulating the adoption relationship in the Code of Eshnunna and the Code of Hammurabi. Adoption in Mesopotamia was a legal system that meant creating a relationship of filiation between the child and the adoptive parents, a relationship that was documented in a legal contract that regulated the nature of the relationship between the two parties and specified the rights and duties of each of them towards the other. Under that legal relationship, the child often obtained all rights and duties. natural son; The child obtained the lineage of the adopter, was transferred to his social class, and inherited it after his death.

This study represents an attempt to explore the role of social media in the electoral campaigns for Iraq’s 2023 provincial councils. The research relied on a random sample of 437 citizens from the Iraqi society. A validated questionnaire was used, comprising a set of questions addressing the contributions of social media in the provincial council elections. The data was analyzed using well-known statistical methods, and the results showed that most of the items related to social media contributions had average means. The findings also revealed that the most prominent benefit of social media in elections was its role in mobilization, organization, and advocacy, with a mean score of 2.66.
The sample participants believed that one of Facebook's positives was that it provided comprehensive coverage of news related to the Iraqi provincial council elections without censorship or distortion, with a mean score of 2.87. However, among its negatives was that it presented topics that negatively affected the course of the elections, with a mean score of 2.38. Regarding the contribution of social media to the electoral campaigns for the provincial councils, the results indicated that election propaganda on these platforms significantly contributed to the success of candidates, with a mean score of 2.39. Overall, the findings showed that social media, particularly Facebook, played a significant role in the elections.

This research aims to identify (the effectiveness of a proposed strategy according to the argumentative theory in the achievement of fifth-grader female students in the subject of philosophy and psychology and developing their probabilistic thinking). The researchers used the procedures of the experimental method with the experimental and control groups, and the two groups were rewarded through some variables (the general average for the previous year, Intelligence test, academic achievement for parents) The researchers prepared the research tools, which are the achievement test, and its validity was verified by presenting it to a group of experts. The stability and coefficient of difficulty and ease were also confirmed, and they were applied at the end of the research experiment on the research sample with the aim of identifying the level of achievement. The randomly selected research sample consisted of (31) female students for the experimental group and (31) female students for the control group from (Gamal Abdel Nasser and Al-Jamahir High Schools), located in Yathrib District/Balad Education Department of the Salah al-Din Education Directorate. After collecting, analyzing, and statistically processing the data, the results resulted in statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group that studied according to the proposed strategy and the average scores of the female students in the control group who studied according to the traditional method in the achievement test, in favor of the experimental group. It has become clear that there is an effectiveness of the proposed strategy, in accordance with the argumentative theory, in the achievement of fifth-grade female students in philosophy and psychology. In light of these results, the researchers concluded a number of conclusions and recommendations.

Tanganyika is one of the African countries that is characterized by an important geographical location, which was the focus of European colonialism in general and German and British colonialism in particular, which competed over it until they reached an agreement in their home stipulating the division of East Africa in 1886 AD at the invitation of German Chancellor Bismarck.
After the partition, Tanga Nyka became the property of Germany and began to witness a German invasion, but the invasion was opposed by the people, as Germany was forced to conclude two political treaties with the British government in 1886 AD and 1890 AD, recognizing Britain’s sovereignty over large parts of East Africa, in exchange for ensuring its political influence over Areas that were previously under its control.

Modern trends in education focus on the concept of human development and its relationship to economic growth by employing students’ educational outcomes in the labor market and production to achieve self-sufficiency and meet the needs of society.

The current research comes in response to the goals and directions of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in supporting and enhancing the means of international education, knowledge exchange, and twinning Iraqi universities with international universities, as higher education has become one of the tributaries of community development, which contributes to achieving it, through the distinguished performance of universities embodied in the performance of their academic resources in the service of society. The current research aims to identify the twinning approach as one of the formulas for internationalizing university education and its role in developing the skills of the university professor. The most important conclusions reached by the research were as follows:
1. The Ministry of Higher Education still suffers from weakness or lack of implementation of twinning programs with leading international universities, which can have an effective role in developing the capabilities and abilities of faculty members.
2. Internationalization It is a basic strategy for universities, because it is an effective means of improving the quality of education and research for university professors, and preparing students and employees for international multicultural environments.
3. The importance of internationalizing education in the form of university twinning is highlighted in the effectiveness of performance at the personal level, as it contributes to developing the skills of university professors and increasing their efficiency and experience.
4. The most important requirements for international mobility and professional development for faculty members. Participation of faculty members in international research conferences and seminars. They are development and training programs that can achieve great benefit for academic researchers.
5. The existence of challenges facing Iraqi universities towards internationalizing higher education, represented in the fact that internationalization efforts do not stem from a clear strategy, whether at the governmental or institutional level, and this requires developing the goals and methods of higher education work in order to overcome shortcomings.

The intellectual is one of the common and important concepts in contemporary sociology. There is a relationship between the intellectual and society, its thought, behavior, and its influence on individuals. Most of our behaviors stem from intellectual content or impressions rooted in the minds that give a drive to our motives as individuals interacting with various primary and secondary social relations, official and unofficial, in the general social system. The intellectual is one of the active drivers of the street, which puts political systems in a state of alert and adopts a policy of containing intellectuals in its line or suppressing them. The social thought emanating from scientists, philosophers, pioneers, and intellectuals has been a clear driver in bringing about social changes, transformations, and revolutions, which gives culture and the intellectual the lead in confronting forms of injustice and striving to achieve social justice, which makes the process of the relationship between the intellectual and society effective and influential.

The study aims to clarify the concept of media credibility in general, define its multiple dimensions, and reveal the degree of credibility of political news sources on Iraqi satellite channels from the point of view of the Iraqi public, represented by the audience of the city of Baghdad. The study also aims to clarify the dimensions of the credibility of satellite channels and their distinctive characteristics. The main objective of the study is to reveal the relationship between political news sources on Iraqi satellite channels and the formation of audience credibility.
Credibility represents one of the most important challenges facing contemporary media outlets, including Iraqi satellite channels, in current times, as a result of several factors, including the increase in the number of channels, the multiplicity of news sources, and the media work atmosphere that is characterized by intense competition to win the audience, and the pursuit of news scoops and superiority over other channels. It belongs to descriptive research, and has adopted the survey method, which allows studying a large number of variables for the population of Baghdad and the center. The research was applied to a study sample of 400 individuals from the city of Baghdad, because the capital represents all segments and classes of Iraqi society, which represents the study population.
As for the theories that guide the research, they are the theories of reliance on the media and the gatekeeper theory, as they are closest to the research, and their hypotheses emerged from those theories. The study yielded several results, the most prominent of which was that the most important news bulletins through which political news channels in the Iraqi satellite channel are followed is the main bulletin, Al-Hassad, by 56.8%, and that the most important satellite channels whose news bulletins the public follows are Al-Iraqiya Channel at a rate of 53%, then Al-Sharqiya Channel at a rate of 33.3%, then Channel 4 at a rate of 18%, and that the times when follow-up to political news increases are during political conflicts, and that the most prominent motivations for following are knowledge of developments in The political arena by 26.54%.

The convincing strategy is one of the most significant kinds of strategies that the text producer covers. This research aims to reveal one of the linguistic means in the persuasive strategy—the argumentative links in one of the pioneers of Arabic poetry in this era, a poet whose poems suffered from the alienation of revelation, exploration, and explanation—in order to achieve its communicative, influential, and utilitarian goals. This poem is Tayyat by Muhammad al-Harzi, or as it was titled on the poet's collection cover. Here is a part from it:
My desires have divided every religion, and I am still a Shiite, following my grandmother’s religion.
Her study was organized into two sections, the first of which included the poet’s biography, then a theoretical introduction to the linguistic concept of al-Hajjaj, and then the relationship of al-Hajjaj to pragmatics. The second section was to study the argumentative connections in the aforementioned poem.

Knowing the changes that occur in the agricultural vegetation cover is one of the important requirements for studying and developing agricultural lands and organizing them by dividing agricultural land uses and distinguishing them from other land uses, so that the planner and decision-maker can be aware of the size of their areas and the nature of the vegetation cover in them, as well as knowing the changes that occur to them, whether by increase or decrease by conducting comparison operations for selected years, as it may be a warning indicator in the event of a decrease in the areas of vegetation cover and its deterioration, as it indicates the occurrence of drought and agricultural deterioration, and on the contrary, in the event of an increase in its areas, it indicates a move away from environmental and agricultural problems, especially the problem of drought.
The research aims to detect the change in the agricultural vegetation cover in Al-Badeer district, affiliated to Afak district in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, between 1998 and 2022, by using the vegetation cover index (NDVI) using remote sensing (RS) by relying on satellite images, as (4) satellite images were downloaded for Al-Badeer district (2) for the spring and autumn seasons in 1998 and (2) for the spring and autumn seasons in 2022 from the satellites (Landsat5) and (9Landsat) and the sensors (TM) and (OIL-2), on the dates 4/3/1988 and 27/8/1998 and 13/8/2022 and 30/3/2022. These dates were chosen because they represent the growing season for plant crops in the research area and thus record the highest levels of reflection of the vegetation cover in the region. After applying the change detection equation for the vegetation index (NDVI) in the districts of the research area, the research found that there was a positive change in the areas free of vegetation cover and areas with high vegetation cover during the spring season of 2022, compared to a negative change in the areas of weak and medium vegetation cover. Likewise, there was a positive change in the areas free of vegetation cover during the fall season of 2022, compared to a negative change in the areas of weak, medium and high vegetation cover. The low levels of water resources and their absence in some agricultural districts are among the most important reasons that led to a change in the levels of agricultural vegetation cover in Al-Badeer district.

The field study was conducted in intermediate schools in Karbala for the academic year 2024, and the researcher followed the descriptive correlational approach, for its suitability to this research. A questionnaire was conducted by selecting a random sample from among the biology students in Karbala schools, where the sample size reached 75 students, representing all Iraqi schools and both genders. The SPSS statistical analysis program was used, and the research concluded that interactive education contributes In developing and improving students’ educational experience, it indicates enhancing students’ effective participation in the educational process, developing their critical thinking skills, actively inquiring, analyzing and evaluating information, taking advantage of technology to provide innovative and inspiring learning experiences, and developing skills in dealing with others, In developing and improving students’ educational experience, it indicates enhancing students’ effective participation in the educational process, developing their critical thinking skills, actively inquiring, analyzing and evaluating information, taking advantage of technology to provide innovative and inspiring learning experiences, and developing skills in dealing with others,

The current research aimed to identify the following:
1-The level of humor sense among kindergarten children.
2-The level of humor sense according to gender (male-female).
3-The level of humor sense according to educational stage (pre-kindergarten and kindergarten).
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher undertook the following:
- The researcher developed a humor sense scale consisting of 31 items. The scale was applied to a sample of 300 kindergarten children for the academic year 2023-2024. The study results indicated that kindergarten children possess a sense of humor. The researcher provided several recommendations based on the study's findings, suggesting that these results could be beneficial for future research and studies aimed at enhancing the level of humor sense.

The article aims to explain the conditions necessary to provide testimony in personal status rulings, because testimony is considered one of the most important means of proof in Islamic jurisprudence, and because it is relied upon by the judiciary to decide disputes and disputes between people.

The Arabic language is considered one of the richest Semitic languages in words, structures, and styles. Based on Ibn Jinni’s words, “Language is what every people expresses their intentions with.”1 The main goal of the language is to express the intentions and components and communicate. In order to achieve this communication, the sender uses several methods and uses linguistic structures. Different, differing depending on the destination and the recipient, in addition to the syntactic structure and methods specific to each language. There are many supplements that increase the aesthetics of the speech and the power of its impact , and semantics and overlap with other phenomena such as repetition, symmetry, equality, assonance, and assonance. This study aims to monitor parallelism in different texts and levels of the Arabic language and clarify the overlap occurring in the term and concept between the ancients and the moderns.

The research aims to develop specific skill exercises to improve stationary shooting for Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya club players by preparing strength exercises. It seeks to understand the impact of strength exercises on improving stationary shooting from outside the penalty area.
The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results of the research sample for the skill of stationary shooting from outside the penalty area. The research population was determined to include all players of the youth team of Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya club, totaling 36 players. The research sample was deliberately selected, including 12 players from the team who met the research criteria. The experimental design was used with a single group pre-test and post-test method, in line with the nature of the research problem.
Through the results, the researcher concluded that the exercises developed by the researcher contributed to improving stationary shooting for the research sample, showing significant improvement in shooting. The researcher recommended focusing on basic strength exercises, balance and stability training, and repeated evaluation and measurement

The research aims to develop a Pilates exercise program suitable for the capabilities of the sample and to identify its impact on improving flexibility and some functional indicators among the sample. As for the hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results in favor of the post-test regarding the development of flexibility and some functional indicators among women aged 30-35.
The research fields include a human sample of women aged 40-45, totaling 12 participants. The researchers used a one-group method.
The conclusions reached by the researchers indicate that the use of Pilates exercises helped improve flexibility in the sample and led to the development of certain indicators, including a reduction in resting heart rate and blood sugar levels among women aged 40-45.
The researchers recommend the necessity of using Pilates exercises to enhance flexibility, as they utilize a wide range of motion in the joints, improve respiratory rates, and positively impact heart rate and blood sugar levels. These exercises can also be used with older adults.

The research aimed to know the degree to which primary school teachers use thinking skills in teaching history, as well as to know the differences they have in using these skills according to the variable of academic qualification and the number of years of teaching experience. The research sample consisted of (303) male and female primary education teachers who were selected. In a simple random way from primary schools in Baghdad, a questionnaire for using thinking skills in teaching history was applied to them (prepared by the researcher) after verifying its validity and reliability.
The results indicated the following:
1. There is a weak degree among primary school teachers in their use of thinking skills in teaching history.
2. There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of teachers on the questionnaire regarding the use of thinking skills in teaching history, according to the academic qualification variable, in favor of teachers with higher academic qualifications (diploma/postgraduate studies).
3. There is a statistically significant difference between the average scores of teachers on the questionnaire for using thinking skills in teaching history according to the variable number of years of experience in favor of teachers with years of experience (5 years and more).

The current research aims to reveal the relationship between the achievement of students of the College of Energy and Environmental Sciences in the subject of physics with their physical scientific sense and their critical thinking , The descriptive research method was used, and a random sample was selected from the research community represented by all first-stage students in the College of Energy and Environmental Sciences for the academic year 2022-2023.
A physics achievement test and a scale of physical scientific sense were prepared, and the researcher adopted the critical thinking scale, and the psychometric properties of the tools were verified, represented by validity and reliability, as well as the difficulty and distinction of the achievement test paragraphs., The research sample underwent tests after completing the teaching of the prescribed content for the second semester of the academic year 2022/2023.
The results of the data analysis showed that the level of the students in the research sample in the achievement of physics, physical scientific sense and critical thinking was average, and that there is a statistically significant relationship between physical scientific sense and achievement between physics achievement and critical thinking, and between physical scientific sense and critical thinking at a significance level of 0.05. In light of the research results, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented.

The current research aims to identify implementation skills and their relationship to personal marketing among graduate students and the correlation between them. The research sample consisted of (500) male and female graduate students enrolled at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2023-2024. To achieve the objectives of the research, implementation skills scales consisting of (61) items were prepared in their final form. In addition, a personal marketing scale consisting of (49) items was prepared in its final form. The results showed that graduate students have implementation and personal marketing skills and there is a direct correlation between them.
The studies concluded with a number of recommendations and suggestions

The counseling environment in which the psychological counselor carries out his counseling work with the counseled occupies an important position in the success of the counseling process, and we must not forget, while preparing for the psychological counselor's room, the needs of the counseled, especially those psychological needs and the feelings and emotions that afflict him when he comes to the psychological counselor's office, and the environment required from the counseled reflects the feeling of warmth and friendliness on his part for the counseling process and session.