Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences

The importance of the research came from using a training method accompanying the isotonic method in the training unit, which is modern and effective, by preparing strength and stretching exercises that are closely related to the special physical requirements of lifting the weight, which affects achieving achievement. Thus, the researcher provided information about a modern contractile method in the field of weightlifting that benefits athletes and coaches in this sport. The research aimed to identify the timing of the appearance of a strength plateau for young lifters aged (18-20 years). Preparing strength training exercises to prolong eccentricity for young weightlifters aged (18-20) years. And identifying the impact of training on the plateau of strength and achievement for young lifters.The research hypothesized that decentralized training has a positive effect on the plateau of strength and achievement of young weight lifters. The researchers used the experimental method by designing the experimental and control groups. After conducting the pre-tests and applying the exercises and post-tests, the data was processed statistically, presented and discussed, and the researchers concluded. Strength training with central stretching has a positive effect on the development of physical abilities and the achievement of the push-up. Strength training with central stretching has a positive effect on abilities, especially at stopping points, which result in a (strength plateau). The use of various high-speed tensions affects the smoothness of performance and the development of achievement.

The study aimed to investigate the use of the Learning Styles Mapping Strategy in learning the performance of the blocking skill in volleyball for second-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala. It also sought to identify the impact of this strategy on learning the blocking skill among the research sample. The researcher employed the experimental approach with two groups (experimental and control) using pre- and post-tests, as this method is the most suitable for addressing the research problem. The research population was selected intentionally, while the sample was chosen by lottery, where section (Z) represented the experimental group, consisting of 41 students, and section (W) represented the control group, consisting of 43 students for the academic year 2024/2025. Each group included 25 students after excluding failing students, athletes, and those with irregular attendance.
The researcher concluded that the use of the Learning Styles Mapping Strategy significantly contributed to improving the blocking skill among female students. The students were able to perform the movement with greater accuracy and effectiveness. Direct guidance during exercises based on the strategy had a positive impact on enhancing the students\' understanding of the technical fundamentals of blocking, which helped them develop more effective defensive strategies.
The study recommends the continuous application of the Learning Styles Mapping Strategy in volleyball training to enhance the learning of defensive skills, especially blocking. It also emphasizes the importance of identifying and correcting errors during practice. Furthermore, the use of immediate feedback during training is crucial to correcting mistakes as they occur, thereby improving learning and motivating students to enhance their performance

The research problem highlights the researcher’s awareness, through his work in the educational institution, that those working in student activities suffer greatly from the administrative and technical organization of the department to which they belong, due to the many and varied tasks of this department, in light of the many obstacles that beset the administrative and technical work. Therefore, it has become necessary, indeed one of the necessities of scientific research, to address this problem. In order to identify the impact of organizational integrity in highlighting the job immersion of employees, is the job routine and few of them make an extra effort?
It also aims to search for: identifying the research scale (personal integrity, functional involvement in sports activity). Identifying the relationship between the two research measures (organizational integrity and employees’ job involvement in the activity To achieve the objectives, the researcher chose the descriptive approach using the survey method. He also selected a sample of (250) workers in sports activities and was divided into exploratory, preparation and application. Then the researcher prepared two measures for the study: organizational integrity and job involvement. Identifying the relationship between the two research measures (organizational integrity and employees’ job involvement in the activity To achieve the objectives, the researcher chose the descriptive approach using the survey method. He also selected a sample of (250) workers in sports activities and was divided into exploratory, preparation and application. Then the researcher prepared two measures for the study: organizational integrity and job involvement. After completing the preparation process, the two scales were applied to the application sample and the results and correlation were extracted. The researcher reached several conclusions and recommendations, including that there is an unreassuring percentage of organizational integrity and job involvement among employees in sports activities. The sample was not distinguished at the level of the areas of the two scales. The need to develop programs for activities to serve those working in them. Conduct similar studies that address study variables and other samples

Learning basketball skills requires the development of a range of motor skills and fundamental techniques, which can be challenging for many learners, especially in an educational environment such as high schools. Female physical education and sports science students face difficulties not only in learning sports skills but also in managing the psychological pressures associated with academic responsibilities. This study aims to explore how a multidimensional training program, focusing on enhancing educational exercises, can contribute to improving psychological balance and developing basketball skills among high school female students. The study employed an experimental approach, using a questionnaire as a research tool after identifying the target phenomenon, which is psychological balance. A pilot experiment was conducted to test the measurement tools and perform the necessary scientific procedures for the scale. The sample was randomly selected, and specific tests were used to assess basic skills. The main experiment was conducted on two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with multidimensional educational exercises applied to the experimental group. The results showed that the multidimensional educational exercises helped enhance the students' psychological stability and proved to be an effective comprehensive training method that contributes to the development of both psychological and motor aspects of the students

The researcher conducted his research titled (The effect the Cosgrove constructivist model in developing contemplative thinking and learning some basic handball skills among secondary school students), which aimed to identify the effectiveness of an educational model of constructivist learning models in developing contemplative thinking and developing the performance of basic handball skills. For secondary school students The researcher used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups and with pre- and post-tests, in order for this approach to suit the objectives of the research. The research population was chosen intentionally, and they were fourth-year secondary school students at Zaid Al-Nar High School in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate. From there, the sample numbering (45) students was chosen randomly. After the researcher completed his field procedures, including selecting and applying tests, designing teaching units, and applying them to the research sample, he drew several conclusions, including: The teaching units prepared by the researcher had a clear positive impact on developing contemplative thinking and the performance of some basic handball skills among secondary school dogs. , There are statistically significant differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental groups in the research variables (reflective thinking, handling skill, handball aiming skill) and in favor of the experimental group. According to these conclusions, the researcher recommended several recommendations, including: Conduct other studies

The current study aimed to design exercises based on offensive formations and to identify their impact on learning some basic handball skills. The research sample consisted of fifth-grade primary school students, divided into experimental and control groups. The researcher employed the experimental method, applying the exercises over eight weekly units to measure their impact on learning specific basic handball skills (dribbling, passing, and shooting) as part of the Ministry of Education curriculum. The researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze and extract the study results based on skill tests. The key findings indicated that using offensive formations (6.0 and 5.1) significantly contributed to learning certain basic handball skills among the research sample. One of the main recommendations was to use other offensive formations to teach additional handball skills.

This study aimed to develop variable-rhythm exercises for the advanced national team athletes in the quadruple kayak (K4) and to investigate the impact of these exercises on stroke timing. The researchers employed an experimental methodology with a sample of 8 athletes, implementing an 8-week training program that incorporated variable-rhythm drills. Electronic sensors and motion analysis software (Dartfish) were used to measure stroke synchronization, timing accuracy, and kayak speed , The results revealed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-tests. Stroke synchronization improved by 18%, timing accuracy increased by 2 points, kayak speed enhanced by 12.5%, and the time to complete a 1000-meter distance decreased significantly. These outcomes are attributed to the variable-rhythm exercises’ ability to enhance neuromuscular coordination and optimize energy efficiency. The study recommends integrating these exercises into training programs, supported by technology to monitor progress and refine performance metrics.

The research aimed to identify cognitive integration and its relationship to the performance of the spiking skill in volleyball among fourth-grade female students. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach in collecting and analyzing information. They relied on the Mohammed Naji Hassan (2019) scale to measure cognitive integration.
The research sample consisted of 30 female students from the fourth stage at Al-Khadraa Secondary School for Gifted Girls, selected randomly through a lottery from groups (B and D).
The researchers reached several conclusions, the most important being that there is a statistically significant correlation between cognitive integration and spiking skill performance among the study sample. The results indicate that cognitive integration plays a fundamental role in performing the spiking skill in volleyball, as it helps students adapt to changing situations, make precise decisions, and enhance team cooperation.
The researchers recommended the importance of developing cognitive integration through continuous training, which improves quick and accurate decision-making during gameplay, making it a crucial factor in enhancing the spiking skill in volleyball for female students. Additionally, they emphasized the need for similar studies on different age groups and various other sports activities

The research aims to:- Build a scale to measure the open-book management of middle school principals in Babil Governorate from the point of view of its teachers.- Build a scale to measure the passion for the work of physical education teachers in middle schools in Babil Governorate from their point of view.—Understand the level of practice of middle school principals in Babil Governorate regarding open-book management from the point of view of physical education teachers. Know the level of passion for work among physical education teachers in middle schools in Babil Governorate from their point of view. Know the nature of the relationship between open-book management of middle school principals in Babil Governorate and the passion for work among physical education teachers in it.The researcher used a descriptive approach, using surveys and correlation methods. The research community included physical education teachers in middle schools in Babil Governorate, numbering (220) teachers distributed over (40) Preparatory schools. The main research sample included all members of the research community. After that, the main sample was divided into three subsamples. The first sample is the survey study sample, and its members are (10) teachers. The second sample, which is the construction sample, included (126) teachers. The third sample, which is the application sample, included (84) teachers. To collect data, the researcher built a scale for open management among Preparatory school principals, in addition to building a scale for work passion among physical education teachers in these schools. After applying the two scales and extracting the results, the data was processed using the following statistical methods: arithmetic mean, percentage, and simple correlation coefficient. The researcher concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: Middle school principals in Babil Governorate have an average level of open-book management from their teachers' perspectives. There is a positive correlation between open management among Preparatory school principals in Babil Governorate on the one hand and the passion for work among its teachers on the other hand.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of special exercises using a proposed device for visual stimuli that simulates the development of the serving and smashing skills, and to prepare special exercises using the device designed to develop the visual accuracy of the smashing skill for young volleyball players. The researcher used the experimental method with a single group design. The research population was selected from Diyala University national team players.

The importance of this research lies in utilizing competitive training to develop training methods that incorporate both comprehensiveness and specificity, achieving optimal training doses that enhance a boxer\'s physical, motor, and skill levels, enabling them to achieve success. The aim of the research is to prepare special competition exercises for young boxers weighing (64-81) kg, to identify the effect of competition exercises on motor speed and explosive power of the arms and straight punch for young boxers weighing (64-81) kg. As for the research method: The researcher followed the experimental method with a single-group design with a pre-test and post-test to suit the research problem, and the research sample: They were chosen intentionally and they are the boxers of Damok Sports Club in Wasit Governorate for the year 2023-2024, numbering (10) boxers with a weight of (64-81) kg, consisting of (5) boxers with a weight of (64) kg and (5) boxers with a weight of (81) kg. After conducting the pre-tests, applying the exercises and conducting the post-tests, the data were processed statistically through the statistical package Spss. It was concluded that the competition style exercises led to the development of motor speed, explosive power of the arms and straight punch of young boxers (64-81) kg, and that the training loads and training methods used in implementing the competition style exercises led to the development of motor speed, explosive power of the arms and straight punch of young boxers (64-81) kg.

The study aimed to prepare exercises with maximum performance in some physical abilities of futsal players, and to identify some of the physical abilities of futsal players and also to identify the impact of exercises with maximum performance in some physical abilities of futsal players between the test (pre-post) for the research sample, And (after me - after me) for the research sample, The researcher has imposed that there are significant differences in the test (pre-post) for some physical variables of the two research groups and there are also significant differences in the test (post-post) for some physical variables between the two research groups, The researcher used the experimental approach with two experimental and control groups for its suitability to the nature of the research problem, the research community was represented by the players of Maysan governorate futsal clubs participating in the first division league for the season (2023-2024) The category of applicants over the age of (18) years, which numbered (5) clubs, namely (Maysan, Ahrar Maysan, Maymouna, Al-Sukkar, Qal\'at Saleh) and registered with the lists of the sub-football federation of Maysan Governorate, numbering (66) players, The sample was deliberately selected and they are the players of the club (Maysan) and the number of (14) players and their percentage represented (21.21%) of the research community, either the most important conclusions that came out by the researcher that the exercises in the style of maximum performance affected the development of physical abilities (transitional speed, strength characteristic of speed, endurance performance) and effectively among the members of the experimental group, either the most important conclusions were the need to include these exercises within the curricula of coaches because of their role in improving physical abilities.

Basketball is a team sport that has begun to develop significantly both locally and globally. Refereeing is the process of assessing situations and events based on a set of rules that must be relied upon. It is an essential process to ensure the organization of matches and the effective application of rules to make fair decisions in matches. The objectives of the research were: preparing cognitive test cases for Iraqi Professional Basketball League referees. And building an electronic test for cognitive test cases for Iraqi Professional Basketball League referees. To standardize the results of the electronic cognitive test for the referees of the Iraqi Professional Basketball League, the descriptive approach was used in its survey style to suit the nature of the research. The research sample was the referees of the Iraqi Professional Basketball League for the season (2024/2025). The cognitive states were identified and the electronic test was designed. After presenting, analyzing and discussing the data, it was concluded that the cognitive test proved its validity in measuring the cognitive aspects of basketball referees by distributing it moderately across the building sample and its ability to distinguish between the achievement of sample members with high and low levels, in addition to achieving high coefficients of validity, reliability and objectivity. The standardization sample enjoys a level of satisfaction and acceptance through the positive levels it showed, and the research sample was more than (40%) above the acceptance line. Therefore, the researchers recommend adopting the cognitive test in the process of continuous evaluation of referees, in addition to adopting the criteria reached by the research in the evaluation and selection process, and the continuous updating (amendment) of the criteria according to scientific knowledge and over the years.

The research aimed to prepare an educational curriculum according to Merle\'s model in learning some fencing attack skills for students and identifying some fencing attack skills among the research sample, And also to identify the impact of the educational curriculum according to Merle\'s model in learning some fencing attack skills for students, The researcher has imposed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the two groups (experimental - control) in learning some of the skills of attack fencing for students, The researcher used the experimental approach in the method of two equivalent groups with pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the research problem, and the research community was determined in a deliberate way from the students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Maysan University for the academic year (2023-2024), which numbered (53) students, the applied section (33) students, and the theoretical section (20) students, The sample was divided randomly into two groups for each group (10) students, one experimental applied to the educational curriculum according to the Merle model and the other a control applied to the usual educational units, As for the most important conclusions, Merle\'s model has contributed to improving the level of students in learning some fencing attack skills, and the researcher came out with the following recommendation urging teachers to diversify their methods and teaching methods and employ everything new in teaching fencing.

Researchers seek from time to time to find new approaches and methods that provide the development of motor duty in all sports activities in a manner that suits the age group, whether these activities are team or individual. In these new approaches, we need to link mental and skill processes to employ them in the aspect of skill performance in the required manner. This can only be achieved by preparing an educational approach according to conceptual fluency and knowing its effect on learning basic handball skills and developing motor abilities that give the learner many programs to move between parts of the skill or from one skill to another according to the playing conditions and his capabilities, thus serving the interest of achieving the goal of learning some types of handball shooting within the physical education lesson. It was noted that there was a problem in the physical education lesson that crystallized for the researcher as a handball teacher that affects the learning process and how to find the best solutions and results for that The problem, so the researcher decided to prepare an educational curriculum according to the conceptual fluency referred to as one of the elements of creative thinking as well, and through it it affects the development of some motor abilities that serve learning some types of handball shooting, and the aim of the research is to prepare an educational curriculum according to conceptual fluency to develop some motor abilities to learn some types of handball shooting for students, and to identify the effect of the educational curriculum according to conceptual fluency to develop some motor abilities to learn some types of handball shooting. The researcher used one group with a pre- and post-test to suit the research problem, and the research sample was second-stage students - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Mustansiriya University. The tools, devices and tests selected for the research were used, and exploratory experiments, pre-tests and skill exercises were implemented, and data extraction and processing were done using statistical methods SPSS. The researcher concluded the following: The educational curriculum according to conceptual fluency led to a positive and clear improvement in the development of some motor abilities to learn types of handball shooting and the exercises it contains suggested by the researcher. The educational curriculum followed and the plans currently followed showed an improvement in the students who implemented the proposed curriculum.

The study aimed to prepare educational units according to the Driver model for some basic skills in basketball, as well as to identify the impact of these units on the variables under study, and the researcher followed the experimental approach by designing the two equivalent groups with a pre- and post-test, and the research sample represented by students of the first stage of the morning study was selected in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Ashur University College for the academic year 2022-2023, and the study variables were determined, which included the reflective thinking test, the handling skill, the skill of patting), and The application of educational units over a period of 6 weeks and by an educational unit per week, and after the completion of the application of educational units and conducting the post-test and statistical treatments, the researcher came out with several conclusions, the most important of which is that both (the driver model and the method used) had a positive impact on the process of reflective thinking and learning some basic skills in basketball, that the process of building knowledge whenever it is good and depends on the development of higher mental abilities such as meditation, thinking, discussion and comparison of concepts whenever knowledge becomes good and optimal, as well as The Driver model excelled at the expense of the method used by the teacher in reflective thinking and learning basic skills in basketball.

The main objective of the research is to study the aspects of football training, which is to bring the player and the team to the best possible level in the championship and competition, to develop the level to the right extent of what happens in most situations in management and to address the problem effectively and its presence in the research sample, through most aspects of training that are completely similar to the conditions and requirements of the game to the maximum degree of convergence and simulation of the course and requirements of the game and the course of its stages. From this, the research aims to develop exercises for smart training that do not include warm-ups, and the main section continues with the final section, but in all its parts on what this player will face through the game buttons by analyzing the levels and needs that the player and the team seek and individual and collective problems to solve the main problems related to the level in a way that participates between players and coaches as they aim to find the research that must be achieved in order for the training technique to be useful and an agency and equipment in the direction of real development and so that players can play inside the field. The player is the one who is considered decisive inside the field and he is the one who determines it and his abilities with the course of the game and its events in a way that ensures the research and these skills and recommendations depend on the use of such a smart method in developing the skills of Ahmed and embarrassing in the distinguished scoring from the movement of these skills, effective performance for the player according to the problem-solving indicator, the real game skill, which whoever discovers opens a new door to adopting new ones in training that help in advancing and competing with talented players to get to know them to stardom.

The research included an introduction and the importance of the requirements of learning methods, their types, and the teaching process, especially the coupling teaching strategy and its impact on eveloping some basic swimming skills, such as arm and leg movement and breathing in swimming and achieving the 50m freestyle for gifted individuals. The research addressed the requirements for problem-solving according to the coupling learning strategy, which addressed the problem as a learning method according to this learning method, in which the teacher acts as a vehicle for conveying information to the learner. This allows the ducational process to move from merely receiving information to more solid and deeper tasks and functions, giving the learner a positive role. The research also included objectives that addressed the coupling learning strategy in training and learning stages, and its impact on the performance of skills for arm and leg movement and breathing in freestyle swimming and achieving the 50m freestyle for gifted individuals. The research also examined the effect of differences in the coupling learning method according to the research requirements on the superiority of the experimental group in the post-tests of the requirements for arm ovement, leg movement, and breathing according to the training strategy of coupling learning methods and achieving the 50m freestyle swimming for the sample members. The research also addressed the conclusions that the learning methods according to the coupling method had an impact on learning. The skills under study were swimming and completing 50 meters. Furthermore, the strategy of learning pairing, based on the work requirements of this educational method, gave the learner the opportunity toparticipate positively. The recommendations emphasized the use of learning pairing, which led to this method of using strategies for the task of teaching learners the basic skills of other activities, as an enjoyable method for the learner, based on the skill learning challenges of the sabkha for other samples.

The importance of the research is evident in using the specialized and correct model for the purpose of raising the level of learning skill performance in futsal, and in turn, a correct football base can be built that achieves results and wins in sports tournaments. The research problem was: The skill performance in futsal requires an advanced educational level due to the small field, and skill performance in that area requires high concentration in performance, which requires the use of appropriate education and the educational model that serves this game and raises the level of skill performance. The most important objectives of the research were: To identify the effect of the Zeiss educational model in teaching some types of basic skills in futsal. The experimental method was used with a design of two equivalent groups, while the research community was the futsal team at Shams Al-Maaref High School for the Gifted in Balad Ruz District in Diyala Governorate. After applying the educational model, the most important conclusions were reached: The Zeiss educational model is important and essential in teaching some types of basic skills in indoor soccer. It was recommended: The necessity of adopting the Zeiss educational model because it is important and essential in teaching some types of basic skills in indoor soccer.

Abstract: Swimming is one of the most important physical activities, especially for human health. The physical benefits of swimming include promoting heart health because it requires great physical effort. Swimming also helps reduce blood pressure and improve lung capacity. This is because it requires the swimmer to remain underwater for a short period of time, which contributes to increased lung activity. It also contributes to alleviating back problems, as the body loses weight in the water, thus relieving pressure on the spine. It also contributes to increasing muscle mass, especially in the shoulders and legs, due to the resistance of the water, which requires physical strength to move the body. However, incorrect physical movements, sports injuries, accidents, and bruises lead to problems in the body's joints. The main research is on shoulder joint injuries. The research included developing a treatment plan through a series of therapeutic and rehabilitative exercises and special body movements to restore the shoulder joint to its normal position after a minor injury, through various therapeutic exercises specific to the shoulder joint. The rehabilitation period lasts for (30) days for a group of (25) swimmers who suffered minor and moderate injuries to the shoulder joint. The researcher used two tests: (a test to determine the shoulder joint using a graduated ruler) and (a test to throw the medicine ball as far as possible).

The development of gymnastics and the level it has reached now did not come by chance, but rather came as a result of the efforts made by experts and specialists and the introduction of various sports sciences, the most important of which is the science of training through the development of its methods, including interval training, which is considered one of the effective methods used in gymnastics. The study aimed to prepare interval training exercises to develop some physical abilities and the skill of the forward aerial flip straight on the floor movement mat. The researcher used the experimental method by designing a single group for pre- and post-tests in order to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community was represented by young gymnastics players who train at the specialized training center in Nasiriyah, numbering (8) players aged (12) years and under. (3) players were excluded because they were not proficient in performing the skill. The researcher prepared exercises using the interval training method aimed at developing explosive ability and speed, which affects some physical abilities and skills among players. These exercises were distinguished by their contribution to achieving the goals of the special preparation stage (physical And the skill) for young players (Dhi Qar Club) and the contents of the exercises are consistent with their physical and skill characteristics. The exercises were applied by extracting the average intensity for all exercises used. As for the conclusions, the interval training exercises contributed to providing the players' desire, excitement and drive towards training, in addition to exploiting the time and effort of the coach and the player, and the interval training exercises prepared by the researcher were appropriate for the ages of the research sample, and this is what the results of the research showed

The importance of this research lies in raising the level of learning of basic individual basketball skills using an appropriate and correct strategy that provides the correct interpretation of learning and helps the learner develop appropriate thinking for skill performance. This is the analogical thinking strategy, which has proven successful in various theoretical and applied sciences, including sports. Its application in basketball aims to raise the level of correct learning of basic individual offensive skills, deliver the correct lesson, and elevate the learner's performance. The research problem was: The level of learning of basic individual offensive basketball skills for first-year students is not at the desired level. This weakness is due, firstly, to the difficulty of the skills, and secondly, to the need for a strategy that develops thinking and raises the level of understanding and performance of the skill in a healthy manner, such as the analogical thinking strategy, which has proven to help build correct and appropriate thinking in education. Thus, weakness and inconsistent performance in these skills can be addressed. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of the analogical thinking strategy on students' learning of some basic individual offensive skills in basketball. The experimental method was used with an equivalent control and experimental group design, with pre-tests and post-tests. The research population consisted of (300) first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Basra. After applying the strategy, the most important conclusions were reached: The analogical thinking strategy is important and essential in teaching students some basic individual offensive basketball skills. It was recommended to adopt the analogical thinking strategy because it is important and essential in teaching students some basic individual offensive basketball skills.

Static muscle work is one of the physical characteristics that must be developed for volleyball players, which is related to the athlete's ability and efficiency to produce isotonic muscle strength related to rapid performance, as muscle training based on the principles of static work is one of the modern training methods that is concerned with developing muscle strength at its maximum stretch, and this is due to the type of selected training and its design according to the fixed biokinematic characteristics in which performance is subject to a set of variables that determine the characteristics of this technical performance of the skill of the smash, and the research problem was manifested through the presence of positive advantages in achieving the greatest possible propulsion force if static muscle work training is used in the correct and effective manner according to the mechanical conditions of the skill, it will contribute to developing muscle strength at its maximum stretch and thus its impact on performance from a kinetic point of view, and the aim of the research is to identify the effect of static muscle work training on the values of some biomechanical variables for the high smash in volleyball, and the researcher assumed the existence of statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements between the values of some biomechanical variables for the high smash with the ball The plane for the research group, and the researcher used the experimental method, by designing the single experimental group to suit the nature of the research, as for the research sample, (6) young players from the Akd Sports Club were chosen in volleyball deliberately in order to implement the study and achieve its objectives, and the researcher concluded that all the exercises used to develop the static work, whether for the muscles of the legs, trunk or arms, increased the efficiency of the internal strength, the strength of the ligaments in producing the torque force, and the researcher recommended emphasizing the implementation of static work exercises, especially for the muscles working on the hip joints, knees and ankles, as well as the muscles working on the shoulder joints, elbows and wrists, according to what was applied in the research for its importance in achieving the speed of approach and launch and placing the center of mass of the body at the highest possible height due to the development of muscle strength during performance.

Taekwondo is one of the Olympic sports that involves both offensive and defensive skills, as well as sub-skills, due to its aesthetic movements, technique, and its status in both the Olympic and international games. In taekwondo, there are numerous skills that athletes learn from the start and master, which they use in competitions to score winning points across various movement skills. These skills vary in their usage and degree depending on the athlete's technical abilities and strategies, as there is no distinction between more important and less important skills, since the athlete is in constant need of all of these skills throughout the match. The aim of this study was to identify the contribution rate of motor speed and some sub-skills in youth taekwondo athletes. The researcher used the descriptive method with a survey approach and studied correlational relationships. The study sample consisted of players from three clubs (Kahraba, Al-Shorta Club, and Amanat Baghdad), using tools, devices, and tests relevant to the research. After obtaining the test results, they were statistically processed. The researcher concluded that motor speed is significantly related to the investigated sub-skills. The researcher recommended conducting a survey for all unsearched skills and applying them to other motor abilities.

The main goal of the research know the indicators for the research sample through tests conducted by the researcher to know the oxygen demand and physical efficiency and for the purpose the effectiveness the 200 meters, where physical efficiency plays a vital role by delaying fatigue and speeding recovery for the research sample. Then came the research problem Through the researcher’s observation that there are cases of weakness in the physical efficiency index that are directly related to oxygen debt, as we notice that the deficiency in supplying the muscles with oxygen leads to a decrease in the level, which we notice directly through the increase in the pulse rate and thus it takes time for recovery. It is large enough to compensate for energy sources, which affects the level of achievement. The study included (12) players representing the Basra track and field clubs. The fourth chapter included tables and a discussion of the results, debt, fitness, physical efficiency, and achievement. The fifth chapter included, the most important of which is that debt is an indicator in track and field events, especially the 200-meter event, which means Religion and oxygen are an important in field events, especially the 200-meter event, which provides a clear picture of the player’s physical condition. As for the conclusions, studies and research should be conducted regarding physical efficiency, recovery time, and maximum Sunday tests for oxygen consumption, especially in the 200-meter event.

Scouting activities and their relationship to reducing school stress for students in secondary and middle schools from the point of view of physical education teachers The definition included the introduction to the research and its importance, as the importance of training in developing people and institutions was addressed, and the importance of diversifying the training vocabulary and increasing the number of specialized courses for its role in developing work and moving away from routine work, and it was a presentation of the importance of research in identifying the problems and obstacles facing the process of providing training in an optimal manner with the aim of Reaching the ambition sought by training workers and even trainees, while the research problem was determined by the fact that weak performance and training returns were observed, through studying some of the questionnaires distributed by the department to evaluate the courses. As for the search goals: Getting to know the training between reality and ambition in Baghdad Al-Karkh Secondary Education from the point of view of the participants. Identify what the trainees aspire to and what problems face the training process. The research is also limited to the following areas The most important conclusions and recommendations: The researcher reached a number of conclusions, including: The Sports and Scouting Activity Department holds a number of sports competitions and scouting gatherings and supports volunteer activities with the material and human resources available to it. There is a need to increase the number and raise the level of these activities held by the Sports and School Activities Department

This research aimed to assess the adaptability of the learning environment in physical education lessons within preparatory schools. Additionally, it sought to evaluate the cognitive and skill abilities of students during these lessons and to examine how an adaptive learning environment influences the development of these abilities. The research employed a descriptive approach, incorporating both the survey and correlation methods. The study population consisted of 242 physical education teachers from schools under the Nineveh Governorate Education Directorate (central region). All of them were included as the main research sample, which was further divided into three subsamples. The first subgroup, consisting of 12 teachers, participated in the exploratory study. The second subgroup, comprising 198 teachers, was designated for statistical analysis, while the third subgroup, consisting of 132 teachers, formed the final application sample. To collect the necessary data, the researcher developed two research instruments. The first tool, consisting of 15 paragraphs, assessed the level of adaptability in the learning environment during physical education lessons. The second tool, also comprising 15 paragraphs, measured students' cognitive and skill abilities. Upon administering these tools and analyzing the data, statistical processing was conducted using the SPSS software. The findings of the study led to the following conclusions:
- Physical education lessons in preparatory schools generally exhibit a moderate level of adaptability, from the point of view of physical education teachers.
- Preparatory school students demonstrate an average level of cognitive and skill abilities during physical education lessons, from the point of view of physical education teachers.
- The presence of an adaptive learning environment in physical education lessons plays a significant role in fostering students' cognitive and skill development.

Futsal is a team game that is very popular in most countries of the world, as it needs to be studied and developed in its physical, skill, psychological and mental aspects. The importance of research lies in the fact that creative thinking is the player's ability to create new and unfamiliar things from skilled or tactical playing situations to enable problem solving on the field in order to achieve goals well and stay away as much as possible from psychological pressure to be able to accomplish duties on the field. The researcher used the descriptive approach through the relationship between creative thinking and peripheral perception represented in the perception of place and distance, the research sample was represented by 64 players from Baghdad Specialized School for Futsal (±16.041 years, height ±1.656 meters, weight ±58.041 kg) participating in the Academies League in Baghdad Governorate. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the level of creative thinking and peripheral perception, with the median range in the creative thinking scale and the normal range in peripheral perception. The researcher recommends including exercises in the training modules to develop peripheral perception and guide students to develop creative thinking.

The aim of this study is to develop a complex test to assess speed strength endurance among handball players aged 15–17 at the National Center for Sports Talent Care. To achieve this goal, the researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method, as it aligns with the nature of the research problem. The sample consisted of 60 deliberately selected players, representing 57.14% of the research population.

Exploratory experiments were conducted to validate the test and ensure its scientific characteristics, including validity, reliability, and objectivity. The test also proved effective in distinguishing between individuals in the sample. Appropriate statistical analyses were applied to support the results. The researchers concluded that the speed strength endurance test serves as a realistic and practical tool for evaluating handball performance. It significantly contributes to improving this essential physical attribute. Therefore, the researchers recommend adopting this test for continuous player evaluation. Additionally, it can be used as a key factor in selecting qualified players for club and national teams. The study also suggests developing similar complex tests for different age groups and highlights the importance of structured, scientific training programs focused on speed strength endurance.

The problem of the research lies in the fact that the researchers are trainers working with age groups in sports clubs for the youth category, that employing exercises based on the psychological and moral aspect as a field application to reduce psychological stress among young players, considering these exercises an indicator of improving the application of performance on the field, and the player can be judged that he has achieved mental stability in performance through them. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of psychological and moral exercises to reduce psychological stress among young football players. The researchers used the experimental method in the style of the control and experimental groups to suit the research problem. The research community consisted of Al-Qassim Youth Club players for the football season (2024-2025), numbering (35) players registered in the records of Al-Qassim Sports Club youth participating in the Youth League for Professional Clubs for the year (2024-2025). The research sample was selected randomly and consisted of 20 players (10) players for the control group and (10) players for the experimental group, and they constituted a percentage of (57%) of the original community. The field experiment (pre-test) was conducted during the training of the youth of Al-Qassim Sports Club before starting to compete in the Professional Clubs Championship for the Youth League on 20/2/2024. The researchers distributed the questionnaire form for the psychological stress level scale to the players. The duration of applying the psychological and moral exercises was (8) weeks at a rate of two units per week in addition to their prepared program. The time for applying the exercises in the unit was (20-30) minutes. The number of training units became (16) training units for the control group according to the prepared coach's program. The post-test was conducted on 20/4/2024 at four o'clock on the Al-Qassim Sports Club stadium. All devices and tools were used under the same conditions as in the pre-test. The most important conclusions were that the psychological and moral exercises (self-relaxation - imaginary - and successive) had a clear effect in reducing the degree of psychological stress, and that the psychological and moral exercises, focusing attention - mental visualization, had a clear effect in reducing the degree of psychological stress.

The research aimed to identify the degree of cognitive sharing among first-year students at Al Maaref University - College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and to identify the effect of the group numbering strategy on cognitive sharing and learning the skills of chest handling and basketball scoring among the research sample,The researcher used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups with a pre- and post-test to suit the research problem on a sample of students from the first stage of morning study at Al-Maaref University/College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, who numbered (69) students, After distributing the scale to the research sample, applying the method used, and applying the tests, the questionnaires were collected in order to be processed statistically, and in light of the results, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including that the group scoring strategy contributed to advancing the degree of cognitive sharing among the students of the experimental group, and the group scoring strategy had a large and effective role in learning the skills of chest handling and peaceful basketball scoring for the students, In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends the necessity of using the group numbering strategy while learning the skills of chest handling and peaceful scoring, as it has proven positive in the process of learning the skills, and the necessity of adopting modern learning strategies in order to achieve the best results, and trying to reduce strategies that are teacher-centered and that do not give students a role to express their own opinion.

The significance of this study emerges in light of the recent transformations in education, which call for the adoption of interactive instructional models that integrate multimedia within a structured learning environment—one in which the student plays an active and central role in the learning process. Among these models, the ASSURE model stands out as a modern instructional framework that has proven effective in designing educational units that take into account learners' characteristics and engage them in interactive activities that facilitate more effective skill acquisition.
The present study aimed to examine the impact of using the ASSURE model on learning the overhand and underhand serving skills in volleyball among second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences – Al-Kut University for the academic year 2024–2025. The researcher employed the experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. A total of 40 students were selected from a research population of 112 students. The experimental group was taught using the ASSURE model, while the control group received instruction through the conventional teaching method employed by the course instructor.
All students underwent pre- and post-tests in both serving skills, using accurate tools to measure performance levels. The results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the ASSURE model in developing students' motor performance particularly in improving the accuracy of serving skills compared to the traditional method, which lacked interactive engagement and immediate feedback.
The study concluded that integrating technological media within a structured instructional framework such as the ASSURE model—significantly enhances motor skill learning, increases student motivation and engagement, and improves learners' ability to self-correct. The study recommends generalizing the use of this model to other sport-related skills and training instructors in its application during practical sessions to foster an interactive and modern learning environment aligned with contemporary educational demands.