Journal of Studies and Researches of Sport Education

The study aims to:
First: To identify the impact of the use of constructive learning strategy in the development of some aspects of cognitive planning football in the third stage students in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science
Second: Building a cognitive test plan football for students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science.
The researchers used the experimental and survey method to suit the nature of the study.The research community was students of the third stage in the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the University of Maysan, the University of Basra, the University of Babylon, and the University of Dhi Qar for the academic year (2018-2019), and the researchers used methods of information collection The data, including sources, observation, interview, testing and measurement, questionnaire, and analysis, was built cognitive test schematic using models for some of the planned positions drawn football and the paragraphs of the test plan in its initial form consists of (45) paragraphs distributed on some aspects of the plan Scientific and defensive football, and after the presentation to the experts and by the statistical analysis of its paragraphs became the ultimate picture component (25) paragraph was extracted scientific basis for testing the cognitive tactical football in terms of (honesty, consistency, and objectivity).
The most prominent conclusions and recommendations reached by the researchers:
Conclusions:
1- The use of constructive learning strategy had a role in the development of the research sample in the field of planning knowledge in open football.
2- There are statistically significant differences in favor of the post-linear cognitive test.
Recommendations:
1- The use and approval of a cognitive, linear, football test by teachers and specialists in assessing students' tactical knowledge.
2- Carrying out similar studies and increasing research in the field of tests because they are considered an important means for developing sporting events.

The research contained the introduction, importance and objectives, and the researcher used the descriptive method for its suitability of the research on a sample reached (55) referees and judges in karate, they were selected in the deliberate way, and the researcher designed a form to evaluate the accuracy of decision-making after presenting it to the experts and finding its sincerity and stability, then By conducting his main experiment by testing Borden for attention and assessing the decision-making accuracy of karate judges and judges on a research sample and after collecting the forms for the tests were treated statistically and the most important conclusions were:
1- The existence of an exorcist relationship of moral significance for the manifestations of attention (concentration, intensity, diversion of attention) accurately decide scrupulously for karate judges and judges to combat effectively.
2- The presence of a significant contribution to the manifestations of attention (concentration, intensity, diversion of attention) accurately decision-making for karate judges and judges effectively combat.
The most important recommendations are:
1- Using exercises through which the mental aspect develops, especially exercises that are concerned with the manifestations of attention to karate referees and judges effectively fighting.
2- Use the decision accuracy assessment form periodically to test the accuracy of decision-making for karate referees and judges effectively fighting

The researchers touched on the importance of learning using direct play exercises, as this method is one of the modern scientific foundations to link the art of organizing education with the best approach to teaching motor skills in the case of play. On the accuracy of performance, so the researchers worked to find and apply exercises similar to direct play through which they see addressing the weakness of the existing curricula by the trainers and avoiding the monotony in applying these curricula by relying on traditional exercises followed. The research consisted of preparing exercises that suggest direct play style, and identifying the accuracy of the skill level of defense and receiving transmissions. The researchers used the experimental approach. The sample of the research was the player of specialized schools in Basra Governorate.

The research included the following objectives:
1- Find criteria (standard grades and levels for the average strike length) for advanced swimmers
In the event of 100 men freestyle in Basra Governorate.
2- Finding achievement prediction rates in terms of the strike length and some functional variables for advanced swimmers in the men's 100m freestyle event.
3- Knowing the contribution percentages for some functional variables along the length of the strike and the speed of completion.
Research Methodology: The researchers used the descriptive method in the method of surveying and correlative relationships to suit the nature of the research and solving the problem. As for the research sample, they were (32) swimmers from Basra Governorate clubs for the effectiveness of (100m) freestyle for men for the 2019-2020 season.
As for the most important conclusions:
1- Standard levels and levels have been found for each of the strike lengths, which are considered to be an important numerical indication in determining the level of swimmers to achieve the best performance.
2- There appeared a difference and variation between the members of the research sample in their obtaining different degrees and levels in the average length of the strike and this gives an indication of the level of training.
3- Predictive equations have been found that are numerical indicators that have the potential to assess the level of performance and achievement during the preparation and competition stages.

The volleyball game is one of the beautiful sports games that occupied a clear place in most countries of the world due to its suspense and excitement and the multiplicity of its offensive and defensive skills, for this all specialists in this field work to develop the game, the study aimed to identify the effect of exercises in the wooden box in developing Some biomechanical variables for young players and also aimed to identify the correlation between biomechanical variables and accuracy to the skill of the overwhelming multiplication facing, and to achieve the goals of the research, the researcher used the experimental approach to design the same group with the pre-test And Al-Baaddi, and the researcher also used the descriptive method using the method of mutual relations. The experiment was applied to the experimental group that consisted of (9) players from the young players from Al-Miqdadiya Club in Diyala Governorate. The experiment achieved the research hypotheses and positive results were reached.

The researchers discussed the importance of the research on the skill of the blocking wall is one of the important defensive skills in volleyball, through which the team can reduce the risk of overwhelming strikes by the opposing team, and since the blocking skill is one of the combined and open skills, it requires those in charge of the educational process to find an educational method Through it, the learner can make the correct and sufficient graduation of the exercises of the educational units. Therefore, the comprehensive learning method is one of the important and effective methods in achieving this goal. As for the research problem, it was represented by a clear weakness in the performance of this skill, in line with the offensive play that the players have reached, which results in the loss of many points in the first half.The two researchers used the experimental method. As for the research sample, it consisted of players from the Volleyball Specialized School in the Al-Jabayesh District, where the researchers prepared an educational curriculum that lasted (8) weeks, as they conducted the pre and posttests of the two research groups.

The study aims to prepare the number of plank exercises and their effect on developing creative thinking and learning some free skills with rhythmic gymnastics for students of the first stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Science / Dhi Qar University, and the research community consists of (48) students, then the students of the research sample were identified after excluding the absent students and their number (2) A female student, and the defendants are (1) a student, and the participants in the exploratory experience are (5) students, the remaining number is (40) students divided into two control and experimental groups, the researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was the nature of fun and play that characterized it Small toys, Pmt Rennes Alblanc by the researcher contributed directly to increased desire and motivation for learning among members of the experimental group,Moral differences emerged between the pre and post tests in favor of the post test and for the experimental group, where creative thinking developed as well as learning the free skills that are the subject of research, as the plank exercises positively affected the development of all research variables.

The research aims to prepare an educational curriculum according to the stages of thinking beyond knowledge to teach crawling swimming on the abdomen and then to identify the effect of the curriculum. The importance lies in finding new formulas that give more opportunities to the learner in the face of educational problems. The researchers have assumed statistical differences in favor of the experimental group and include the research community Third stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science - Basra University, As for the research sample, it was represented by two divisions, the first is experimental, and the second is experimental. Teaching works to stimulate learners ’thinking and increase learning motivation.

The importance of the research was demonstrated by developing the basketball game in the correct way through learning the important basic skills according to the use of the cooperative learning method and the required strategy.
The research objectives were:
1-Knowing the effect of cooperative learning method according to the group research strategy in learning some basic offensive basketball skills for students.
2-Knowing the differences between the results of the pre and post tests in learning some basic offensive basketball skills for students.
The most important conclusions were:
1- Collaborative learning method according to the group research strategy. It achieved good results in learning some basic offensive basketball skills for students.
2- Through the cooperative learning method, all group members will indulge in learning according to clear and specific roles, and this helps to speed the learning.
It was recommended:
1-Adopting the cooperative learning method according to the group research strategy, as it has achieved advanced results in learning some basic offensive basketball skills for students.
2- Emphasizing the use of cooperative learning method because it helps that all members of the group indulge in learning according to clear and specific roles and this helps to speed the learning.

The study contained five chapters that included the first chapter included the research problem and its importance, and the research problem manifested itself in the role of social-movement cohesion and its level in football and basketball. The study also aimed to identify the difference in the level of social-movement cohesion among players of football and basketball in Karbala Governorate The second chapter included topics of the concept of cohesion and its types and theories that explained the phenomenon of cohesion. As for Chapter Three, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and comparative studies, and the research community represented the football and basketball players in Karbala Governorate. As for the study sample, it was chosen randomly from Society and reached (142) players, as for Chapter Four, the results were analyzed and discussed and conclusions were reached, including:
- The results showed significant differences in the level of social-motor cohesion between football players and each of the basketball players.
Through the results of the study, the researcher concluded several recommendations, including: -
- The need to focus on social-movement cohesion because of its importance and impact on match results.

The current study includes the introduction and the importance of research, as modern methods in sports psychology contribute effectively to achieving victory for athletes, and the aim of the current research was to identify the moral differences in the level of emotional arousal between sports (football - basketball - volleyball) at Kirkuk University teams
The sample number reached (120) players, and the emotional arousal measure was relied upon as it consists of (27) items. The basic experiment of the research sample was conducted using the (spss) statistical bag to extract the results. Through the fourth chapter, the results were presented and it became clear that there are differences between the teams of Al-Qadam. Basket, plane) in the level of emotional arousal. The most important results were:
1-The appearance of an increase in the degree of emotional arousal among volleyball players, compared to basketball and football.
2- After self-confidence, he outweighed the two dimensions of anxiety (cognitive and physical) among the players.
3- Football players outperform the emotional arousal

Psychological alienation is one of the painful and complex psychological, social and economic problems to which athletes are exposed as a result of their lack of psychological security and tranquillity, in addition to their sense of loneliness and isolation, which leads to their lack of orientation towards training and lack of contact with athletes, which leads to frustration in achieving good sports results. Therefore, the researcher decided to go into this problem as an attempt to find out the level of psychological alienation in the sample of research and is there a relationship between it and the behavior of violence in basketball players, due to the weakness of group affiliation and weak social relations?
The current research aims to:
1- Identifying the levels of psychological alienation in basketball players
2- To know the level of violent behavior in basketball players
3- Identifying the relationship between psychological alienation and violent behavior in basketball players
The researcher assumes:
- There is a statistically significant correlation between psychological alienation and violent behavior in basketball players
The second part contained some theoretical studies and similar studies and the researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method and correlation relations to suit the nature of the research, and was selected the research community, which represents basketball players deliberately, the 35 players, but the sample of the research consisted of 30 players and sample the exploratory experiment consisted of (5) players. The researcher was used by the psychological alienation scale, which consists of (48) paragraphs, and (6) areas
The researcher also used the measure of violent behavior that contains the scale of (48) paragraphs, while the alternatives of the scale are four alternatives (I strongly agree, agree, emil for approval, emil to reject) and the researcher conducted an exploratory experiment on (5) players from outside the sample research as well the scientific characteristics of the two scales were extracted and the researcher used statistical bag (sps) to extract and after the results were presented and analyzed and discussed the following conclusions were reached:
1- Basketball players were distinguished by a high level of psychological alienation.
2. Basketball players have a high level of violent behaviour
3- The existence of a morally functioning link between psychological alienation and violent behavior of basketball players
In light of the findings that emerged, the researcher recommended:
1- Conducting similar studies on the variable of psychological alienation and linking it to other psychological variables
2- A study on reducing violent behavior for basketball players
3- Use psychological preparations with basketball players in order to reduce the violent behavior of their
4-Conducting a study using research variables and applying them to the players of the team games and other games

The importance of the research lies in raising the level of real learning of basketball skills for students by developing the correct strategy in teaching methods, which is the strategy of confrontational imagination, as well as delivering correct, scientific, modern, standardized and scientifically studied information to the minds of teachers on how to use the strategy of confrontational imagination in order to achieve the best educational achievements in Basketball skills.
The research objectives were:
1-Preparing the confrontational imagination strategy in cognitive achievement and some basic skills for basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah.
2- Identifying the effect of the confrontational imagination strategy on cognitive achievement and some basic skills of basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah.
The most important conclusions were:
1-The confrontational imagination strategy has great importance in raising the level of cognitive achievement and some basic skills for basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah.
2- Visualization works to build a successful mental perception in performance and increases knowledge if it is built according to educational exercises and is applied by teaching method to visualization strategy.
Main recommendations:
1-Adopting the confrontational imagination strategy because of its importance in raising the level of cognitive achievement and some basic skills for basketball among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah.
2- The need to emphasize visualization exercises because they work to build a successful mental perception in performance and increase knowledge if it is built according to educational exercises and is applied by the teaching method of the imagination strategy.

The first stages of sports training are of great importance because they form the solid foundation for the later stages of training. Skills numbers are one of the most important training goals in the first years of training, as the acquisition of basic skills and their performance to advanced levels of mastery constitute the goal of training and this requires a high level of motor abilities that reach advanced stages of maturity and development at this age. And through the fact that the researcher is a player and a coach, he noticed a lack of interest in training mental abilities and the lack of training methods used by coaches commensurate with their importance in the development of skills performance (deception and handling) among emerging players with handball, so the researcher decided to use special exercises exercises in developing motor abilities and mental perception. And the most important basic skills for juniors handball to be effective training methods used by coaches. The aim of the research is to:1- Using special exercises to develop mental perception and (deception and handling) for young people with hand reel.2- Knowing the effect of special exercises on their development of mental perception and (deception and handling) for juniors with hand reel.The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the nature of the research and because this approach is characterized by the accuracy of its results. The research community identified the (35) junior players in the Municipal Sports Club handball, and a random sample of (28) players was selected and they were divided into two groups (control and experimental). The most important conclusions were:1. The training curriculum adopted by the coach has a positive effect on developing mental perception and (deception and handling) of young handball players.2. Special exercises have a better effect for the experimental group in developing the mental perception of young handball players.
3. The development of mental perception has a better effect for the experimental group in the development of (deception and handling) among the emerging players with handball.

The choice of the exercise and the method of implementing it through the user’s method in the teaching method is extremely important to reduce the effort and time and achieve the goals and objectives by the teacher for his educational program. Therefore, the researcher used the method of learning through small saliva, which is a great motivation for students in learning, especially as it is the formula of those games. And its performance through group competition, which increases creative thinking in order to win in addition to encouragement from both The exercises are done in a way that develops the creativity and mobility abilities and works to learn and develop basic skills in basketball. The experimental variable was implemented for a period of (8) weeks and by two educational units per week. And on a sample of female intermediate school students in Al-Nidal secondary school and used the experimental method. The researcher dealt with a measure of creativity and a number of basic skills in basketball, including (patronizing, passing and correction) and some movement abilities. Under study (basic skills in basketball

The test and measurement are important and basic sciences in the mathematical aspect, through which the training process is evaluated, and the importance of research lies in designing and codifying the accuracy and performance test of bearing the performance of offensive skills in the handball, as a means of measuring them, and the research problem was manifested through the researcher's knowledge that there is no test that measures accuracy and speed Performing offensive skills that mimic the skills of handball performance, so the researcher considered going into a solution to this problem, and the aim of the research was to design and codify a test to measure the accuracy and speed of performing offensive skills with handball for ages (14-17) years, and the researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method, The research community was represented by eight specialized school players for gifted and hand-talented students (Baghdad, Karbala, Najaf, Wasit, Diyala, Basra, Muthanna, DhiQar) The researcher took the scientific steps taken to design the test and used it with the appropriate statistical means to address the results, and the researcher concluded: Designing a test to measure the accuracy and speed of attacking skills in the handball, and this test can adopt the accuracy and speed of performing offensive skills in the handball, as the researcher reached a positive indicator for the test because more than half of the research sample obtained results above the acceptable level. The researcher recommends the need to use the test designed by researchers and studies students as well as coaches to determine the levels of their players, and the researcher recommends the need to codify this test in the future in line with recent developments on the rules of the game, and the researcher recommends the possibility of using this test on other samples that the researcher did not address

The importance of the research lies in the fact that it is interested in revealing the trends of new students towards student sports activity, which will provide some knowledge that can be used when planning sports activities at the university to correspond with the trends or inclinations of students.
The research objectives were:
1. Building and applying the mathematical trend scale from the point of view of the first stage students, Basra University colleges
2. Building and applying the scale of communication skills for associates of student sports activities from the viewpoint of first-stage students, Basra University colleges.
The most important conclusions: The two scales designed by the researcher are able to reveal the levels of mathematical direction for students and communication skills for associates of student sports activities from the viewpoint of students of the first stage, Basra University colleges.
The most important recommendations: The researcher proposes adopting the two scales to reveal the levels of students ’sporting direction and communication skills for associates of student sports activities.

Planning is a necessary necessity for the success of the performance of any institution, because it helps to define the goals to be achieved and indicates the stages of work necessary to reach the achievement of these goals, through the management, coordination and rationalization of material and human capabilities, as it includes continuous development in performance and implementation, thus keeping implementation away from improvisation and randomness, It clarifies the way for policy makers and decision makers. Successful performance cannot be achieved without effective planning.
As for crises, an important and essential part of the life of any sports institution, there is no sports institution regardless of its size and the nature of the operations it performs far from the current crises. Any time and the predictive ability of the sports institution to anticipate crises of their shapes, sizes, times of occurrence and areas of their occurrence and to develop complete scenarios for expected crises by examining and diagnosing weaknesses and focal points and placing them under close supervision, and accordingly the main objectives of the research came as follows:
1-Knowing the relationship between crisis management and strategic planning for administrative leaderships in federations and clubs practicing the game.
2-Knowing the percentage of strategic planning’s contribution to crisis management among administrative leaderships in federations and clubs practicing the game.
3- Predicting crisis management among administrative leaderships in federations and clubs practicing the game in terms of strategic planning
The researcher used the descriptive approach in its survey method and studying the relational relations, while the research tools represented the community of administrative leaders in the federations and clubs practicing the game, which amounted to (10) federations and (63) clubs, in addition to the means of data collection and after a series of field procedures to ensure the validity of the two planning measures Strategic and Crisis Management The researcher undertook the research procedures and using the appropriate statistical means to address the results in a way that serves the research and achieves the goals. The researcher concluded a predictive equation through which crisis management can be predicted in terms of strategic planning. The researcher also concluded that crisis management is linked to a real and significant relationship with strategic planning.

Management is one of the most important milestones for progress and development, as it has become an important factor in defining civilization throughout the ages. The management of sports federations and coaches is one of the topics that has received great attention from researchers in various fields of knowledge. Hence the importance of the research lies in the adoption of strategic intelligence and its relationship to forwarding to direct the departments of sports federations, coaches and those responsible for the game of volleyball towards achieving its goals .starting from the player, coach and sports departments in volleyball. As for the research problem, is there any future vision and foresight of what volleyball sports will be like for members of federations and administrative authorities of volleyball sports clubs?
As for the goal of the research, it is to identify the level of strategic intelligence according to the foresight of the members of the Iraqi volleyball federations. As for the second chapter, it included the concept and definition of strategic intelligence and the concept and definition of foresight. As for the third chapter, the researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method in order to suit his problem, goals and nature of the research. As for the fourth chapter, it contained presenting, analyzing and discussing the results. As for the fifth chapter, the researcher concluded that the scale he designed is able to measure the levels of members of federations and their relationship to administrative bodies, players and coaches for sports clubs in volleyball, and the recommendations to adopt a scale of foresight from strategic intelligence in raising the work of union members and administrative entities Players and coaches

The research aims to identify: the relationship between multiple intelligence levels and the performance of some basic skills in handball for students of the stage Junior high The researcher used the descriptive method, choosing the research sample randomly, and their number reached (48) students and reached The researcher has the following results- Multiple intelligence has an effect in achieving the educational goals of handball in terms of skill, planning and social relations between players inside and outside the stadiumThere is a statistically significant relationship between multiple intelligences and learning some basic skills in handball

The current research aims to:
- To learn about the values of the quality of life, psychological hardness and psychological security in volleyball players.
- To identify the type of relationship between the quality of life psychological and both psychological security and psychological rigidity in the sample of research.
- Identify the differences in the quality of psychological life, psychological toughness and psychological security between teams (Kurdistan region, midfield teams and southern teams) Iraq volleyball players excellent class.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the method of correlation relationships to solve the problem of research. The players of the 72 premier volleyball clubs in Iraq were identified as a community for research, but the sample of the research was limited to (66) players after excluding (6) players for the purposes of the exploratory experiment and the scientific basis of the research measures (psychological quality of life, psychological hardness and psychological security) and the results were addressed by some statistical laws of the mathematical medium. standard deviation, correlation coefficient, analysis of contrast. The researcher concluded:
- Iraq Premier League volleyball players enjoy high levels of psychological quality of life, psychological toughness and psychological security.
- There is a moral correlation between quality psychological life and psychological toughness between players of the Iraqi Premier League volleyball teams except (army, police, Holler).
- There is a strong correlation between quality psychological life and psychological security between the players of the Iraqi Premier League volleyball except teams (army, police, Holler).
- There are no differences between the teams of Kudistan region and central and southern Iraq between the players of the Iraqi Premier League volleyball in the search variables

The importance of the research came to emphasize the importance of the cooperative pairing teaching method and its role in learning skills on the carpet of earthly movements in the artistic gymnastics of female students, as it is a successful method that helps the student to upgrade the skills side according to cooperative learning.
The research objectives were:
1- Recognizing the effect of the method of teaching cooperative pairing in learning some skills on the ground motions carpet in the artistic gymnastics for female students.
The most important conclusions were reached:
1-The method of teaching cooperative pairing is one of the important and successful ways to learn some skills on the mat of ground movements in the artistic gymnastics of female students.
2-Collaboration between groups that are not equal in performance raises the performance incentive in the correct and successful manner.
The most important conclusions were:
1-Adopting the method of teaching cooperative pairing in learning some skills on the ground motions carpet in the technical beauty of students.
2- The necessity of giving educational units in which cooperation between groups that are not equal in performance increases the motivation for correct and successful performance.

The importance of the research lies in explaining the role of external resistances in achieving training success and achievements for middle-distance runners (1500 meters) and (400 metres), and thus putting them at the disposal of our coaches by delivering accurate and correct information about these resistances, applying them in a scientific manner, and their role in achieving achievements for middle-distance runners. In addition to developing strength endurance, which is an important requirement for these events.
The most important objectives of the research were:1- Identify the effect of using various external resistances on developing strength endurance and performance for middle-distance runners (400 meters) and (1500 metres).
The most important conclusions were reached:1- The use of various external resistances has an impact in developing strength endurance and raising the level of achievement for middle-distance runners (400 meters) and (1500 metres).
It was recommended:
1- Adopting the use of various external resistances because of their impact on developing strength endurance and raising the level of achievement for middle-distance runners (400 meters) and (1500 metres).

The research aims to identify the degree of commitment to the ethics of administrative work and the motivation for achievement among some middle school principals in erbil governorate center.
The researchers used the descriptive method in the correlation method to suit the nature of the current research and the identification of the research community of the members of the bodies in the center of Erbil governorate (12) school reality16) Teaching each school (192) as a teaching, and the community was chosen in a random way. While the sample of research (120) was a teaching one selected in a random way, and with regard to the research tools, the scale (human, 2006) was adopted, where the scale of (30 paragraphs) and divided into three axes to measure the degree of administrative ethics and the adoption of the measure of motivation of achievement (charity, 2008), where the scale of (20 paragraphs) and divided into four axes, the researchers used statistical treatments appropriate to the nature of the research data through the programStatistician. Spss
The most important conclusions are the following.
- -Positive results showed the overall level of administrative work ethics of some middle school administrators in the center of Erbil governorate, which relates to the axis of the relationship with the faculty members was very large, and the total level was (4.22) where the percentage response to (84.4%).
- -Positive results showed the overall level of motivation for some middle school administrators in the center of Erbil governorate, which relates to two axes (self-confidence and perseverance) was large, and reached the total level (3.91-3.53), neighborhoodLarge, , where the percentage response to (78.2% - 70.6%).
The researchers recommended:
- Work to improve the conditions of the administrative environment in all middle schools in particular and the Directorate of General Education the center of Erbil governorate in general.
- The need to cooperate with the faculty members in the middle and high schools at the level of Kurdistan- Iraq to raise the level of their performance in terms of continuity and follow-up

The significance of the study comes in identifying the conflict of psychological motivations that players are exposed to in sporting competitions, especially the Iraqi Premier League matches, and their impact on the results of matches.
The main objective:
1-Constructing and applying the psychological motivation struggle scale (Approach-Avoidance) for Iraqi Premier League soccer players.
The outcomes:
1-The psychological measure motivation struggle scale (Approach-Avoidance) on Iraqi Premier League soccer players.
Recommendation:
1-Adopting the criteria of psychological motivation conflict (Approach-Avoidance) prepared by the researcher to measure the levels of psychological motivation conflict (Approach-Avoidance).

The research included five chapters In the first chapter the importance of the research which was to provide the necessary information needed by the coach and the player to follow the method and method of training based on a solid scientific basis, through training on the most important variables and most influential on the time of counter-attack.The research problem the lack of biomechanical information available on the most important variables that affect the time of the counter attack and the lack of use of coaches and players Scientific method in the discovery of problems and solutions facing players and coaches.Chapter three The research method used by the researchers using the descriptive method as the most suitableto the problem of the search, while the sample of the research consisted of ( 4 ) players from the Iraqi national team .

The importance of the research in this research was manifested through the application of the psychological stability scale, which helps or contributes to identifying the level of psychological stability of handball players, and thus proper planning is an entry point to find a correlation between psychological stability and skill performance, as a contribution from the researcher in finding the obstacles facing the players.
As for the research problem, it lies in knowing the main reasons for the existence of the psychological factor facing handball players, which causes them to have poor psychological stability.
The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between psychological stability and skill performance among handball players of Al-Ahly Club in Basra governorate.
The most important conclusions
- There is a relationship between psychological stability and skill performance among the handball players of Al-Ahly Club in Basra Governorate.
As for the importance of the recommendations, it was
1-The necessity of conducting similar research on basic and psychological skills and the extent to which they are related to this game.
2-Paying attention to the knowledge aspect when the players perform during the training units and giving basic skills a special importance during the planning of the training programs for the players

The aim of the research is to add a new study that presents exercises according to the theory of counter-education prepared on the basis of the brain’s work. The research problem was manifested by asking whether it is possible to develop the skill of crushing beating through exercises that stimulate the opposite half of the brain and thus increase the volume of treatments and responses and thus improve and develop performance for that skill The effectiveness of counter-education exercises in developing the skill of crushing hitting for the players of specialized schools in volleyball. As for the research sample, it was represented by players of the specialized school of volleyball in the province of Basra - Abi Al-Khasib for the year 2019-2020 The sample consisted of 14 players who constituted 77% of the original research community. The curriculum took 8 weeks, with two educational units per week, with a total of 16 educational units. The unit time is 90 minutes. It was formulated in the form of exercises. The unused party was gradually involved by the player through simple repetitions between performances and work. To gradually increase the work of the non-used party to reach the learner to acquire the ability to perform on both sides as much as possible. The researcher concluded the effectiveness of these exercises, as they achieved their goal, as evidenced by increasing the level of accuracy for the skill of crushing beating. The researcher recommended applying this theory to other activities.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between focus of attention and its relationship to motivation and achievement in technical performance on the jumping horse, the youth category as psychological variables. Wasit clubs for youth in gymnastics, where the researcher used the measures of attention and motivation through a special form, where the form was submitted to the research sample shortly before performing the skill, noting that the exploratory experiment was conducted on the players of Wasit clubs in gymnastics for the season 2019-2020 and after statistical treatments, it showed Results: There is a high correlation between attention focus and motivation for the jumping horse skill of the youth category, and on the basis of that, the researcher recommended the necessity of training in psychological skills at an early age because of its impact on athletic achievement.

To develop a new basis to reduce the phenomenon of stress, one researcher used relaxation techniques is the use of medicinal herbs sedative which is emphasized by some specialists and researchers because of its direct impact on some of the functions of the body as members have a significant impact on the player from the mental and physical
Came the importance of research in the use of medicinal herbs sedative and in particular (Lafracin Black, Plantago Sinani great, Alternen) within the program to soothe the psychological players badminton to get rid of the tension felt by sports by athletic competition through the use of a program to ease the psychological with a range of herbs and both means of calming influence of the nervous system.
The problem with search: In the field of sports are emotional of anxiety and fear and trauma, success and failure, courage and boldness and apathy, sadness, anger, fear and joy and happiness and enthusiasm and other important because they affect the components of a personal player and his abilities to interact and adapt to the environment, so it felt a researcher to study the effect of the use of mental pacification program using some soothing medicinal herbs on some physiological variables for badminton players
The purpose of the study:
Numbers and apply a program of psychological calm with the use of some herbs on the players badminton plane.
Identify the psychological impact of the pacification program with the use of herbs is applied to some physiological variables among the badminton players.
The study was conducted on players badminton's (12) player and use the experimental method using a calm mental using herbs, then recognize that the players affected by the situation of tension before the game and program prepared contains many relaxation exercises (deep breathing exercises, relaxation exercises, physical exercises massage) with the use of medicinal herbs sedative after identifying the physiological effects are under study (Black Lafracin, Plantago Sinani big, altarjan) where given one cup of herbs before the program (30) minutes.
The researcher concluded: After application of the program that the experimental group used the program myself was the best diet in functional variables.
The researcher recommends: apply the program to other sporting events with other medical Herbs used on variables other Vslgih.

In order to keep abreast of the world in this field as well as to reach the best sporting achievement and achieve record numbers, it was necessary to start with the small ages and the process of their selection, i.e. choosing the best and most receptive to training, and "selection" means choosing the distinguished elite in any of the phenomena studied"(121:13), especially ages 13- 15 years, as experiments have proven that this age is the best age to reach records and achieve the best sporting achievements. Hence, it was necessary to emphasize the importance of physical characteristics and abilities when selecting, and therefore the importance of research lies through choosing tests that simulate in its concept the real level. Hostile 100 meters and determine the degree of standard levels for some physical abilities to select youth in order to stand on the fitness level and therefore the possibility of assessment and then work to develop it. As for the research problem, the researchers found that this problem is worthy of study to assess the level of physical fitness for a young 100-meter runner that relies on digital indicators for these tests.
The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method and included the procedures used in using the tests and codifying them in detail. The researchers presented, analyzed, and discussed the results and obtained the degrees and standard levels, which were defined by five standard levels. The researcher concluded to tables related to the standard levels and the standard degrees of the designed tests

Artistic gymnastics is the most attractive and exciting sport, but the training process is long and difficult. The large number of diverse compositional elements on uneven bar, included in the rules of competition (Code of points), places serious demands on gymnasts, on their physical and technical abilities and on the search for the correct methodology for teaching new exercises. Changing the flight-type bars from low bar to high bar (or reverse) can be carried out using elements of different difficulty. The objective of this analysis is to conduct a motion analysis of fligh from a high to a low bar in a uneven bar of different heights and to suggest a training methodology through the motion analysis of the skill "Shaposh"skill, difficulty D, the value of this difficulty is 0.4 and the work of the circle of hip, flight and holding the high bar, video shooting, was during the World Challenge Cup (Cairo 2021) for the Ukrainian gymnast Diana Varinska, who won the gold medal with a score of 13.866. Camera speed 30 frames per second Position the camera perpendicular to the sagittal plane. The video was analyzed by a specialized motion analysis software Skill Spector 1.3.2 Calibration of 2m x 2m. Based on the conclusions reached, a training methodology was proposed that could be used in practice. The performance model was good and served as a model for the study. In order to achieve this performance technique, it is necessary for the gymnast to have good motor coordination abilities and a high level of physical attributes.

The importance of the research came through the biomechanical analysis of the stages of this movement, as understanding the stages of performance on the jumping platform is of great importance because these stages affect one on the other and interrelate with each other to determine the achievement of the level of difficulty, and knowing the biomechanical variables will contribute to organizing and directing training operations from During the detection of weaknesses and strengths and give the necessary treatment.
identify the relationship between some biomechanical variables with each other and the level of technical performance of the front hand jump skill on the jump platform device
1-The research sample showed a great variation in the values of speed and angles in different stages of performance and according to what was stated by the mechanics of a body, whether it was of a horizontal linear direction or a vertical direction or with rotational or angular paths.
2-It turns out that the research sample recorded a gradual increase in the values of the leaning angle, the landing angle, the knee angle, the hip angle, and the highest height of the hip joint point during the performance stages, and this is in line with the mechanical requirements for performance

The importance of the research came to emphasize the importance of kinetic learning methods and their role in learning skillful performance in football, as it helps the learner to improve the skill side according to this type of educational method, which is the direct method, especially for the novice and young age groups.
The most important objectives of the research were: 1- To identify the impact of the direct learning method on learning some basic football skills for beginners.
The most important conclusions were: 1- The direct learning method achieved the learning objectives and raised the level of learning some basic football skills for beginners.
It was recommended: 1- Adopting the direct learning method because it achieved the learning objectives and raised the level of learning some basic football skills for beginners.

The thesis included five chapters:
Chapter One
This chapter contained the definition of the research and included the introduction and the importance of research, as university students are among the important youth sectors to which the state directs more care and attention, as they represent in this educational stage the creative energies and creative forces upon which society depends, and university sports activity is one of the educational means His inspiration for balanced education and contributing to an effective and positive role in achieving the university's educational mission, and the importance of research lies in identifying psychological trends towards sporting activity because what young people are exposed to from the pressures of life and their frightening submission to social media and the modern communication revolution made him far from Doing sports
The research also aims to:
Building a measure of psychological attitudes among students of Basra University.
Comparison of psychological trends according to (specialization, gender) among Basra University students.
As for the areas of research, they are included
The human field: Students of the colleges of Basra
Chapter Three: Research Methodology and Field Procedures
The section included the research method, which was a descriptive curriculum, while the research sample included students of Basra University from the humanitarian and scientific colleges, and the psychological attitudes scale was applied to them, and the SPSS statistical bag program was used to process the results for the purpose of presentation and analysis
Chapter Four: Presentation and discussion of results
The results of the tests were presented, statistically analyzed, and placed in tables, and discussed, supported by scientific sources.
Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations
The two researchers reached a set of conclusions and recommendations related to the research topic

The importance of the research came to emphasize the importance of kinetic learning methods and correct and targeted strategies, including the cooperative educational strategy (dividing learners according to the level of motor performance) and its role in learning motor skills on the floor movements in the artistic gymnastics for women as it is a successful strategy that helps the learner to improve the skill side.
The research objectives were:
1- Recognizing the effect of the cooperative educational strategy (dividing learners according to the level of motor performance) in learning some motor skills in the artistic gymnastics for women.
The most important conclusions were: 1- The two methods (multimedia and reciprocal education) for self-learning have a similar effect in teaching some motor skills in artistic gymnastics for women.
The most important recommendations were: 1- Adopting two methods (multimedia and reciprocal education) for self-learning in the teacher's educational program because of their similar effect in teaching some motor skills in artistic gymnastics for women.

The general foundations of the educational process are (teacher - student - curriculum) and because the teacher is the engineer for this process, relying on what he has experience and professional competence that can be benefited from in the classroom or arena and his ability to identify individual differences between learners and overcome them because they have different levels in Performance and receiving the material in one way, and therefore the teacher must search for new and diverse methods and strategies through which to reach the goal of the educational unit, and the combination of learning theories and teaching methods such as the Wheatley strategy through which individual differences (skill and knowledge) can be taken into account.
All of this takes place according to sequential objective steps during the three stages of the learning cycle (discovery - concept presentation - concept application), which will be addressed in the body of the research, where students will be taught basic skills in tennis for students of the third stage.
Where the research hypotheses were the existence of statistically significant differences in the results of the tribal and remote tests between the two groups (experimental and control) in learning some basic skills in the game of tennis and in favor of the post tests
There are statistically significant differences in the results of the post-tests between the two groups and in favor of the experimental group

The importance of the research lies in the use of the EDJA model to identify its effect on mental perception, cognitive achievement, and crushing volleyball for students of physical education and sports sciences at Al-Qadisiyah University. The second is the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Al-Qadisiyah, whose number is (26) students. They were randomly divided into two groups, a control and an experimental group of (15) students. The necessary tools and devices were used in the research in addition to tests, codifying mental perception tests, and building a cognitive achievement test and the steps for its implementation, which It included the preparation of an educational curriculum according to the EDJA model, the exploratory experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests and the application of the educational curriculum according to the EDJA model, then the post-tests. The overwhelming volleyball and their cognitive achievement The researcher recommends taking advantage of these modern and diverse models in the educational units because of their great role in mental perception and learning the overwhelming volleyball and cognitive achievement of students

The research aims to identify the effect of the assignment method (assignments) and learning some soccer skills for students. The researcher assumed that there is a positive effect of the assignment method (assignments) for learning the skills of handling and scoring in soccer for students. The research population consists of Shamiya Preparatory School students, fifth grade, who number (60). Students representing two groups (A and B), and (40) students were chosen for the control and experimental groups, with (20) students for each group. Each group was homogenized and parity was established between the two groups.
One of the most important conclusions of the research was that the educational units used in the physical education lesson, which the researcher prepared in advance and in the manner of assignments, had a positive and effective impact on the development and improvement of some basic skills in football. As for the most important recommendations of the research, it is necessary to introduce physical education teachers to scientific and cognitive methods and the development achieved. In technology, mental abilities can be used to develop new educational curricula to learn some basic football skills .

The aim of the research is to develop a set of special exercises (physical-skill) to develop the speed of motor response and perform some types of individual defensive moves for young players handball members of the research sample. The research also aimed to identify the differences between the results of pre- and post-tests in the development of the speed of motor response among members of the research sample. In addition to identify the success rate and failure to perform some individual defensive moves of the members of the research sample.
The researcher used the experimental method to design one experimental group with pretest and posttest on a sample of (12) players of Diyala Youth Club for the sport season 2019/2020. The researcher conducted pre-tests of the speed of motor response, and was conducted two experimental games to analyze the individual defense moves before the start of the implementation of special exercises, has been repeated tests and two games after the completion of the application of special exercises, and the results were treated statistically by using the bag Statistical system of SPSS and the use of appropriate laws to extract the results.
In the light of the statistical treatments of the results of pre- and post-test tests of the research variables, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are;
1- Special exercises (physical - skill) have a positive impact in the development of speed response motor and performance of some types of individual defensive moves among the members of the research sample. – 2-Through the results of the researcher that the special exercises increased the success rates and reduce the failure rates for all types of individual defensive moves among the members of the research sample.
The researcher recommended that the training curricula of the trainers should include such exercises because of their positive impact on the research variables.

The research problem lies in addressing the effect of consuming certain fluids on the level of physical fitness during physical effort on handball players. The research aims to identify the level of physical fitness of handball players under the influence of consuming different types of fluids and not consuming them during times of effort and rest. The research population included the players of the Fallujah clubs (Al-Sumoud Club, Fallujah Club, Al-Jolan Club) with a total of 24 players. The research sample was intentionally selected and included 12 players after excluding injured players and those who were included in the experiment in the 2020-2021 sports season.The main conclusion was that the lack of fluid intake in the members of the first group had a negative effect on the level of physical fitness and heart rate during the rest and physical effort periods.The research recommends the necessity of raising awareness among athletes or players about the importance of fluids in the body and their role in motor performance.

The scientific and technical progress is among the features of the modern era, which includes all aspects of life. Especially the sports aspect, which has been developing as a result of studies and research based on scientific foundations in order to reach accurate results that provide the most appropriate solutions with economics in time and effort in the performance of sports skills. As for the research problem, it lies through knowing that the skill performance of students of the College of Physical Education in the skill of sending with volleyball Below the required level, due to several reasons (physical, psychological, cognitive, mental, etc.). The researcher decided to address the knowledge of cerebral sovereignty and the type of exercise with some methods that help to learn skills and perform them in the correct manner for college students, because the disk skill needs mental abilities applied with skill performance As the research aims to prepare educational exercises according to the sequential method of the transmission skill in volleyball, and to identify the effect of sequential style exercises in learning the skill of sending in volleyball for those with cerebral sovereignty (right - left - integrated). The third chapter contained the research procedures, as the researcher used the experimental method to suit it. The nature of the problem and this section included devices, auxiliary tools, means of information gathering, two exploratory experiments, and so on The tests used in the research, the scientific foundations for the pre and post tests and tests, and the statistical methods used in processing the data.