Al-Muthanna Journal of Sport education Sciences

Research objectives: To identify the effect of the CHARLES BARAMAN model on the development of multiple intelligences and the accuracy of the deep defense skills in volleyball for sixth graders, and to identify the signs The better model is (CHARLES BARAMAN) or the subject teacher’s model for the research. The two research hypotheses were that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests. For the two research groups, the development of multiple intelligences and the accuracy of the volleyball skills, and the presence of statistically significant differences between the averages of the two research groups in the results of the post-tests, the experimental method was used to suit the nature of the problem, and the research sample included sixth grade literary students in (A It is for boys) for the academic year (2022-2023) and they are (24 years old) Students were divided by lottery into two control groups (1) and an experimental group (2), each of which consisted of (12) students who were given pre-tests to measure multiple intelligence and accuracy of the deep defense skills (diving with a forward fall and rolling). side), the control group applied a teacher model Article: While the experimental group applied the (CHARLES BARAMAN) model, the educational curriculum took (10) weeks and one educational lesson per week lasted (40 minutes). The results were treated through statistical methods, and it was concluded that the two models used had a positive impact on the development of multiple intelligences and accuracy. My deep defense skills in volleyball have varying percentages, and the (CHARLES BARAMAN) model showed clear progress in the investigated variable. The researcher recommended applying this model to other games and for the various stages of study.

The current research aims to elucidate the relationships between the independent research variables (mental abilities, visual perception, and biokinetic capabilities) and their impact on the dependent variable (scoring index) for young football players in clubs in Al-Muthanna Governorate. To achieve this goal, the researcher formulated a set of hypotheses concerning the total and partial (individual) relationships and effects between the independent and dependent variables, as well as hypotheses concerning the mediating variable. The researcher employed path analysis as a methodological design for the research. The statistical population of the current research consisted of young football players aged 17 and 18 years old from clubs in Al-Muthanna Governorate. This population totaled 157 players, distributed across clubs and age groups. A sample of 105 players was selected to build the model. Additionally, two subsamples were chosen from the model sample: the first represented the pilot study and consisted of 14 players, and the second was used to verify the validity of the tests in measuring the research variables, consisting of 28 players. After identifying the research tools (tests measuring the research variables) and verifying their validity through a pilot study and standardizing them on the standardization sample, they were applied to the remaining model-building sample. Subsequently, the researcher verified the conditions for building the model (outliers, normal distribution of data, linearity of the relationship between variables, homogeneity and heterogeneity, multicollinearity) and then proceeded to construct a model of the relationships between the research variables (the research model) based on the chronological order when arranging the variables and the fit of the data to the AMOS model (path analysis model). After ensuring the accuracy of the proposed model through fit indices between the model and the collected data, the model's efficiency was assessed using quality indicators. Based on the research results, the researcher reached several conclusions, including that biokinetic capabilities play a mediating role between the independent variables of mental abilities and visual perception and the dependent variable of the scoring index. The visual perception factor is the primary influencer on the scoring index, with direct, indirect, and total effects being significant on the scoring index.Therefore, the researcher recommends the importance of using path analysis by hypothesizing causal models and studying the direct, indirect, and total effects between the variables, and determining the impact of each variable. To further develop the current research, the researcher suggests conducting similar studies on other variables and samples and comparing their results with the current research findings.

The current research aims to identify the effect of compound exercises in developing the special physical abilities and skills of deaf football players. To achieve this, the researcher had to prepare compound exercises and apply them to deaf and dumb football players in the Paralympic Committee, Muthanna Branch. The researcher also aimed to identify the effect of compound exercises in developing The special physical abilities and skills of deaf and mute football players in the Paralympic Committee, Muthanna Branch. To achieve these two aims, the researcher used the experimental method. As for the research community, it was represented by the players of the Samawa Club for the Deaf and Dumb, which numbered (24) players for the sports season (2023-2024). As for the research sample, which is part of the original community, the researcher identified (16) players. From this community, they were divided randomly into two groups, a control group and an experimental group, with (8) players for each group.Then the researcher worked on defining the research variables, which were the special physical abilities variables (response speed (to the right, to the left), force endurance, speed endurance). As for the skill abilities, they were (handling, scoring, and dribbling. After that, the researcher began conducting pre-tests on the two research groups, and after obtaining the results, the researcher confirmed the homogeneity and equality between the two research groups. After that, the researcher began applying the complex exercises to the sample of the experimental group for a period of (10) weeks at a rate of (3) units per week. Thus, the number The total number of training units reached (30) training units. After completing the application of the experiment, the researcher began applying the post-tests to the players of the experimental and control groups. After obtaining the results, the researcher used the statistical program (SPSS) for the purpose of analyzing the data and obtaining the results. Accordingly, he concluded that the complex exercises prepared by the researcher had an impact on the superiority of the experimental group over the experimental group. Controlling the variables of special physical abilities and skill abilities.

It is noted when reviewing many of the scientific researches and previous studies that have been applied, especially those studies that dealt with arena and field sports in their studies, including throwing events (throwing a weight - throwing a disc), the researcher noticed that these studies studied a specific aspect of effectiveness, such as the skill and physical attributes that affect The performance of the event, as well as the kinematic variables affecting the performance of the events, while the other variables were ignored, as their performance may share many bio-kinematic characteristics and physical and skill traits with another event. Through the above discussion, the researcher can conduct a comparative study on the nature of the relationship between the bio-kinematic properties of the two events on the one hand. Technical performance and optimal achievement on a sample of weight throwers or discus throwers. This is due to the great similarity between the two events in terms of the sequence of motor and artistic performance and the method of skill performance for them, and benefiting from the bio-kinematic properties of the discus throw event or the weight throw event in achieving the achievement. The researcher decided to conduct a comparative study. between the two activities, as well as identifying the extent of similarities and differences in the biokinetic properties and the possibility of achieving and benefiting from them in both activities, through analysis to extract the characteristics affecting the completion of both activities, as well as identifying the type of relationship between those characteristics of the two activities and the optimal achievement, after that finding the differences between them for both activities, and thus Identifying the preparation of a physically and skillfully integrated player who can perform any of the two events (weight throw - discus throw) at the same time and using the same characteristics. Thus, we have reached our desired goal, which is to reduce time and effort in the training process, as well as to reduce the financial expenses for both activities. As for the two goals of the research It is to identify the differences between the biokinematic characteristics of the weight throwing and discus throw events from stability to the (preparatory, main) stages of throwing (recovering the balance position) and their relationship to digital achievement, to identify the contribution rates of the biokinematic properties of the weight throw and discus events from stability to the (preparatory, main) stages of throwing. (, restoring balance) with the digital achievement, the research hypothesis is that there are significant differences between some biokinetic characteristics of the weight throwing and discus throwing events from stability to the (preparatory, main) stages (throwing (, restoring balance)) with the digital achievement, research methodology The researcher used the descriptive method in the manner of relationships Correlation and comparison to suit the nature of the research problem. The researcher selected his research sample in a deliberate manner, and they are a sample of the national team players for the 2022-2023 season in the two events (weight throw - discus throw) for men. Their number is (8) players representing the elite. In these two events, the sample was divided into two groups, which are ( 4) players in the weight throw event and (4) players in the discus throw, so that each player will perform (4) attempts for each event, so the total number becomes (32) attempts for the two events. The researcher conducted the main experiment on the sample. After that, statistical operations were conducted for the research using (SPSS). The researcher reached the following conclusion: There is a positive correlation between bio-kinematic characteristics and achievement in the weight pushing and discus throwing activities in each of the following characteristics (the distance between the feet, the angle of inclination of the torso, the angle of the shoulder joint at the moment of throwing, the angle of the elbow joint at the moment of throwing, the angle of the knee during balance The research recommends the necessity of emphasizing the correct connection between the stages of artistic performance, and this in turn leads to achieving the transfer of the motor sequence of force between the parts of the body involved in the throwing movement in order to achieve propulsion in the correct direction and thus digital achievement.

This study was interested in studying some physiological variables, such as pulse rate, blood saturation with oxygen, the enzyme LDH, and iron, and their mutual relationship with the degree of endurance in the complex skill performance of emerging boxers, by studying the relationships with the direct and indirect effect of the investigated physiological variables on the endurance of the complex skill performance. Therefore, the researchers assumed that the difference in performance endurance values The complex skill is a result of the difference in the values of the direct and indirect mutual correlations of the investigated physiological variables between each other and with the tolerance of the complex skill performance of boxing. The research methodology was descriptive using the survey method and correlational relationships, as the research sample was emerging boxers in Muthanna and Babil governorates, amounting to 60 boxers out of 65 boxers. An interview was conducted with a number of experts and specialists about the research variables and the composite skill performance endurance test designed by the researchers, and then proceeding to design the test. After that, the researchers conducted the exploratory experiment on 1/26/2024 on 10 boxers from the same research community to verify the soundness of the experiment from the scientific and applied aspects and the validity of the test designed by the researchers in withstanding the combined skill performance in boxing. Then, the researchers conducted the main experiment on 1 /2/2024 Then the researchers proceeded to classify the research sample into two categories according to the degree of endurance of their combined skill performance in boxing (those with high performance endurance, those with low performance endurance). After transcribing the data, the researchers presented the data and compared it with the hypothetical mean for each group and identified the size of The effect of some of the investigated physiological variables on endurance of complex skill performance in boxing by establishing mutualistic relationships and verifying its strength and applying it to each group. The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the difference in the level of endurance of complex skill performance in boxing between the first and second classes is due to the difference in levels of the investigated physiological variables from one class to another

The current research aims to identify the effect of the comparative advanced organizer strategy on cognitive achievement and the forehand shot in tennis. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the experimental method and the design of two equal groups. As for the research community, it was represented by the students of the third stage, divisions (C) and (D), who numbered (44). ) students who were divided into two groups, control and experimental, with (22) students for each group.
Then the researcher applied the advanced comparative structured strategy, for a period of 6 weeks, and thus the total number of teaching units was (12) teaching units, noting that the time of the two lectures was relative to the two groups on the same day.
After that, the researcher began applying the final tests, and accordingly, the researcher concluded that the structured, advanced, comparative strategy has a greater role in cognitive achievement and learning the tennis forehand for students than the traditional method used by the college teacher.

The study aimed to prepare a recreational program for the students of the first stage, in addition to preparing a measure of psychological stress among the students of the first stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research population was identified and they are the students of the first stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Qadisiyah University for the academic year 2023-2024 and it is adults. Their number was (200) male and female students, and (100) male and female students were selected using a simple lottery, as the sample percentage of the population was 50%. The sample was distributed into two groups (experimental and control) with (40) male and female students for each group. As for the exploratory experiment, it amounted to (20) Male and female students. The most important finding of the research results is that there is an effect of the recreational program in alleviating psychological pressures among students of the College of Physical Education at Al-Qadisiyah University. There are also differences between the control and experimental groups according to psychological pressures among students of the College of Physical Education at Al-Qadisiyah University.

The current research aims to prepare a rehabilitation curriculum for the disabled with unilateral below-the-knee amputation for users of prosthetic limbs and to know the effect of the rehabilitation curriculum for the disabled with unilateral below-the-knee amputation on some physiological variables. The researcher adopted the experimental approach by designing one group with two pre- and post-tests. The researcher selected the research population (in an intentional manner). From the Rehabilitation Center for the Wounded / Babylon Governorate / Hilla for the year (2023-2024) and those with unilateral amputation below the knee, numbering (10) disabled people, whose stumps were free of sores and edemas and who had not yet qualified while they were in the physical therapy stage. Then the researcher determined the research variables and Which represented (body temperature, pulse rate, number of breathing times, vital capacity), and the prepared rehabilitation curriculum was prepared consisting of (8) weeks, meaning the duration of applying the curriculum is two months. The rehabilitation curriculum consists of (32) rehabilitation units distributed into three models, each A two-week model that includes (4) rehabilitation units each week. The curriculum includes therapeutic exercises, a walking program, and relaxation exercises. The researcher adopted the statistical program (SPSS), as the researcher concluded that the prepared rehabilitation curriculum had a statistically significant impact on the research sample in physiological variables and recommended adopting The rehabilitation curriculum prepared in all therapeutic and rehabilitation centers and limb and support factories, through the distribution of brochures for the disabled that include models of rehabilitation unit

The importance of the research lies in using the generative learning strategy, which was designed to train people to organize the behavioral patterns they perform in light of the results they expect from performing these behavioral patterns to identify their impact on self-organization and the accuracy index of receiving and passing football for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering (30) students. The researchers used the experimental method in the style of two equal groups to suit its application of field procedures. As for the research sample, it included (30) students who were selected by lottery and divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The necessary tools and devices were used in the research and its implementation steps, which included preparing the generative learning strategy, the exploratory experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests and applying the generative learning strategy, then the post-tests. The researchers concluded that students need a generative learning strategy to help them in self-organization and the accuracy index of receiving and passing football for students. The researchers recommend benefiting from modern strategies and models in educational units when learning a skill because of their role Great self-regulation and accuracy index for receiving and passing soccer for students.

Scientific progress has a major role in raising the level of sports training in general, and basketball in particular, and because athletes reach high levels is no longer limited to skill and planning preparation only, but rather familiarity with physiological and chemical sciences and reliance on them in the training process has become a necessary and essential matter in order to create an athlete capable of achieving prestigious achievements, so the importance of the research is evident in how to employ theories of sports training, physiology and chemistry, which lead to the development of training methods. The research aimed to identify the effect of some anaerobic exercises on stem cells and some chemical variables. As for the research problem, with the high demands of the players, the high number of injuries, and the emergence of many health and physical problems, the researcher decided to delve into this problem and try to find solutions. The research community sample consisted of 12 players representing the Khanaqin Sports Club for basketball juniors. Non-oxygen exercises were applied to them, as the research results indicated the presence of significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in the chemical variables studied. In the pre- and post-tests, stem cells increase in the case of post-tests compared to the pre-tests as a result of tissue formation, as non-oxygen exercises have a positive effect on increasing stem cells in the blood.

Determining the standard levels of the psychological adjustment scale for students in the (fourth) stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences- University of Wasit, identifying the level of psychological adjustment for students in the (fourth) stage, identifying the significance of the differences in psychological adjustment between male and female students in the (fourth) stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Wasit University by type.
The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research and achieve its objectives. The researcher identified the research community in a deliberate manner, namely the students of the (fourth) stage of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Wasit University for the academic year (2023-2024 AD), who numbered (213) students, which included (165). (48) male students, and (48) female students.
The research problem was identified by observing and following up on students’ behaviors by the researcher, in addition to asking the teachers. He noticed that some students had psychologically incompatible behaviors during lectures or in dealing with each other during the break between lectures. This is what prompted the researcher to study this problem, trying to solve it. By identifying the level of psychological adjustment of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Wasit University.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used the psychological adjustment scale (Mazen Muhammad Habib 2017), which consists of (55) items distributed over (5) areas, and for the purpose of ensuring the possibility of using and applying the (psychological adjustment) scale to students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of In the middle of the academic year (2023-2024 AD), the researcher extracted (content validity) and calculated (reliability) using the test and retest method, based on the results of the exploratory experiment. Through the results obtained by the researcher, he reached the most important conclusions, which are: (Some of the research sample, which amounted to (43%), fell within the hypothetical average or below, which is an indication of a weakness in the psychological compatibility of some students and requires finding solutions), and among the most important recommendations made by the researcher are : (Conduct a study to identify the psychological adjustment at the college level and according to the academic stages, to identify the psychological adjustment of students according to each stage).

The basic skills (serve, forehand and backhand) are important skills in the game as they are the cornerstone of tennis, and the progress of any player's level and the extent of his success in performing the offensive backhand with both hands depends on mastering all forms of the backhand, including the backhand with both hands, by repeating the skill in training. The study aimed to identify the effect of the training method in developing the skills of wheelchair tennis players for the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental research groups and to identify the effect of training exercises in developing the basic skills of wheelchair tennis players. The researcher used the experimental method by designing two equivalent groups. The researcher defined the research community as the players of the Muthanna Committee for the Disabled team, numbering 11 players for the season (2023-2024). The research sample is a group of individuals taken from a community, as the characteristics of this community can be predicted in light of the results obtained from the sample. Accordingly, the researcher identified (8) players from this community and they were randomly divided into two groups, the first control and the other Experimental with (4) players for each group, and the researchers concluded that the training approach has a positive impact on developing the skills of wheelchair tennis players and the training approach has a positive impact on the accuracy of serving and forehand and backhand in wheelchair tennis. The researchers recommended the necessity of training players on serving and backhand and giving them a sufficient share in the educational training unit for these two skills and emphasizing giving feedback during the training unit because of its great impact on developing skills

This study aims to examine the impact of sports injuries on the sustainability of boxers in the sport of boxing, as these injuries represent one of the most significant challenges that boxers face in maintaining their performance and continuity in the sport. The researchers employed a descriptive methodology based on correlational relationships, selecting a sample of 30 boxers from various sports clubs in Al-Muthanna Governorate.The research tools included a comprehensive questionnaire containing both closed and open-ended questions to collect data on sports injuries, their frequency, and their impact on the boxers' athletic performance. The data was analyzed using various statistical methods, such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and the SPSS software, to extract the main findings.The results showed a significant negative impact of recurrent sports injuries on the sustainability of boxers, as these injuries contribute to a decline in their performance and their ability to continue active participation in training and competitions. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the severity and frequency of injuries and the deterioration of athletic performance, indicating that the effects also extend to psychological and moral aspects.The study concludes that sports injuries have a considerable negative impact on the sustainability of boxers in boxing. Despite current preventive measures, the frequency and severity of injuries remain high, affecting the overall performance and career sustainability of boxers.The recommendations include the need to develop training and rehabilitation programs that focus on reducing the risk of injuries and enhancing the boxers' ability to recover faster and more effectively, in order to achieve long-term sustainability in the sport of boxing.

The current the current analysis focus to Know effect of the physical s kills education lesson the basic s Kills of children physical education lesson the basic skills Of children aged (5-6) years. The researcher chose the research population in a deliberate manner, represented by Al-Nasaem Kindergarten students aged five years and first grade students from Al-Sakha Primary School in Al-Muthanna, Al-Warka District, who are six years old. Years, we excluded students who were older than 6 years, and the research population reached (50) students, while the number of kindergarten students reached (25) students. The number of first grade students also reached (25) students, and the researcher used the modified Bordeaux measurement of perceptual-motor abilities. The researcher explained the type of tests, clarified them before him, and then applied them to them. It became clear to us that there was a significant difference for 6yearold children benefiting from the basic movements that he was taking. In kindergarten as well as in school, the difference became clear when the student moved from kindergarten to school, where the motor force achieves it in a more effective way than it was before, as the living organism is considered a continuous and connected unit and is a series of advanced processes.

One of the most important things that should be focused on during the training process for squash players is improving the level of the players’ physical and motor capabilities, which is the basic rule that enables the player to improve his high skill performance during the match. Through the researchers’ experience with squash training, they noticed a slowness in movement. The direction of the players towards the ball, and this is reflected in the delayed arrival, and thus the played ball is easy for the opponent and vice versa, and the use of the plastic training method, which is considered one of the important training methods for developing speed and speed. Strength for various sporting events, including squash, which requires these two abilities greatly during the match due to the speed of the ball. Its small size requires continuous movement towards the ball and monitoring the opponent to play the ball away from the presence of the opposing player. One of the most important goals is to prepare exercises according to the ballistic training method to develop some of the physical abilities to accurately perform front and back shots for squash players. The results showed a noticeable positive development through the differences between the values of the circles. The pre- and post-test calculations for the research variables were in favor of the post-tests, as well as the calculated T-test values, whose significance levels for all variables were less than (0.05), which means that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the post-tests. The most important conclusions are that the exercises used according to the formative training method had a positive effect in developing physical abilities such as explosive ability and strength characterized by speed for squash players. The development of physical abilities, explosive ability, and strength characterized by speed has reflected positively on the performance of squash players’ forehand and backhand skills. Most important recommendations: The researcher recommends focusing on training the muscles that serve skill performance, especially the muscles of the legs and striking arms of players. In squash, emphasis must be placed on strength exercises that are characterized by speed in relation to the legs, because they have a significant impact on the player arriving early and being well prepared to hit the ball in a place far from the presence of the opponent.

The study aims to clarify the Level of The Kinesthetic Perception Of Force, distance and time between the first and fourth stage students in The college of physical education and sport sciences at the university of Wasit. The researcher hypothesized that there are significant differences between both groups. The researcher conducted his study by using the descriptive research was selected randomly (lottery) . The sample consists of (20) students , (10) students from the first stage and (10) from the forth one. The represent (%13,98) of the total number which was (143) students. After choosing the suitable tests for the study the researcher conducts the exploratory experiment and then the man experiment , by using the suitable statistics. The researcher obtained results , put them in tables , analyses them and discuss them according to the aims and hypotheses of the study. The researcher concludes that the students of the first stage are superior to the students of the first stage are superior to the students of the first stage in the variable of kinesthetic perception of distance , force and time.

The research aims to prepare a proposed training method for young handball players and to know the effect of the proposed training method in developing some physical and defensive abilities of young handball players and to identify the differences between the method prepared by the researcher and the method followed by the coach in the dependent variables (some physical abilities and defensive movements in handball) for the research subject.
The researcher used the experimental method by designing two groups, one experimental and the other control. The research community was determined as the youth of Sulaymaniyah Sports Club, numbering (19) players. The research sample was limited to (14) players, with (7) players for each group, after excluding (5) players for exploratory experiments. The researcher used a number of devices, tools and means to collect information, and choose appropriate tests to measure the research variables, and then prepare a proposed training curriculum to develop physical abilities and movements and conduct the pre-test and apply exercises and post-tests for the two groups. The researcher used the electronic statistical package (SPSS) to process the data and reached the following conclusions:After processing the data, the researcher reached the following conclusions and The prepared training curriculum had a positive effect on developing all the physical abilities under study and in the research sample. And The prepared training curriculum had a positive effect on developing defensive movements in the research sample. The curriculum prepared by the coach had a positive effect on (speed and flexibility). Significant differences appeared in favor of the experimental group in all research variables (physical abilities and defensive movements).

The importance of the research came from focusing on understanding the factors that directly affect athletic performance in hurdle running, which enables coaches and athletes to improve training methods and increase efficiency. The identification of correlations between time rhythm and kinematic variables provides a scientific basis for developing evidence-based training strategies to determine how to improve performance and increase the chances of success in the 110-meter hurdles race. The study aimed to analyze the correlations between time rhythm and some kinematic variables of the hurdle step and the completion of the 110-meter hurdles. The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The research sample was selected from a number of track and field runners under 20 years of age in Baghdad Governorate, totaling (8). The field research procedures included video recording and kinetic analysis to extract the kinematic variables. The researcher used three cameras and the camera was used at a speed of (120 images/second). The camera was placed on the left side to extract the variables around the athlete's horizontal axis for the hurdles (1-4-8). The variables included (time rhythm, height of the body's center of gravity (before the hurdle), height of the body's center of gravity (above the hurdle), height of the body's center of gravity (after the hurdle), distance before the hurdle, distance after the hurdle, hurdle step length, take-off angle, trunk tilt angle above The researcher concluded, through analyzing and discussing the research results, that there is a strong correlation between the time rhythm and some kinematic variables, as well as a significant correlation between the time rhythm of the first, fourth and eighth barriers and achievement, as these factors directly affect achievement and that the ideal time rhythm requires a precise balance between the length of the step and its strength, which enhances the overall performance in the hurdle race. Performance can be improved by focusing on developing the kinematic aspects that most affect the time rhythm. The researcher recommends that trainers focus on training runners to improve the time rhythm by enhancing physical capabilities to improve the kinematic variables related to steps and barriers. He also recommends conducting further studies to develop specific training tools that help athletes improve their time rhythm in a manner that is consistent with their physical capabilities.

The aim of this study is to identify the prevailing leadership styles among coaches and their assistants from the point of view of players of some first division football clubs in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. The research community was selected from the players of the first division clubs participating in the Kurdistan League for the 2023-2024 season, which numbered (16) clubs. The research sample may be from the players of some first division clubs in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, which numbered (6) clubs, namely (Bazian, Baban, Qaladzi, Sulaymaniyah, Rizkari, and Chamchamal). They were selected intentionally, and their number reached (95) players. (5) players were excluded from the research sample, so the sample-to-society ratio became (95.57%), which is a percentage that can be studied. The researchers used the descriptive approach using the correlational method to suit the nature of the research. After analyzing the results, the researchers used the statistical package (SPSS) to obtain the results. The researchers attribute that the members of the research sample have a positive orientation towards the concept of the prevailing leadership style. There is no difference between the arithmetic averages of the prevailing leadership styles from the sample's point of view. There is also no difference between the arithmetic averages of the years of experience scores of the players of Sulaymaniyah clubs on the prevailing leadership style. Through the results reached by the research, it became clear that it is necessary to pay attention to developing the training and guidance style of coaches as they are the best leadership styles in developing sports activities. And preparing courses to refine coaches and focus on the most important leadership styles that lead to achieving sports achievement. And the necessity for coaches to pay attention to developing the qualities of leadership personality in their players for its important role in the results of matches.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of teaching the throwing events (discus and javelin), which are among the arena and field activities, using the method of teaching and teaching direct play, as it is a method that has achieved success in most sporting events and is easy to apply. It depends primarily on the learner’s own ability to apply it, hoping to build an educated generation capable of performing. Sports events in track and field games. The problem of the research was: The throwing activities (spear and discus) are among the activities that need a practical aspect more than explanation and clarification, and the best way to practice and apply is play and competition among learners in order to enhance the psychological aspect in terms of courage, desire to perform, self-realization, and other things that help in rapid learning. Correction of performance after giving competitive feedback on performance.The most important objectives of the research were: - Identifying the effect of the direct play learning method in teaching the throwing activities (javelin and discus) to students.Accordingly, the conclusion was made: The method of learning through direct play is important and essential in teaching the throwing activities (javelin and discus) to students.
It was recommended: Adopting the direct play learning method because it achieved the level of education for the two throwing activities (javelin and discus) for students.

The current research aims to study regulatory genes and their role in institutional excellence by determining the reality of regulatory genes in their dimensions (decision-making rights and information quality - incentives - organizational structure) in the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, and the reality of institutional excellence at the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University. The researcher used the descriptive approach (survey studies method), the research community is represented by faculty members at the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, who number (78) individuals, and the research sample was selected randomly, numbering (52) individuals, with a percentage of (66.67%) of the research community. The researcher used a questionnaire to collect data on the reality of regulatory genes and institutional excellence at the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University. One of the most important results of the organizational genes was a clear and significant role in institutional excellence in the College of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity at King Saud University. One of the most important recommendations was the need for senior leadership to pay attention to maximizing the values of organizational genes within university institutions to support the mechanisms of institutional excellence in the colleges of Sports Sciences and Physical Activity at Saudi universities

The importance of the research is evident through raising the level of advanced handball players in endurance of muscle strength, which is one of the physical abilities necessary for skill performance, and this is done by giving the correct and scientific exercises that maintain muscle balance in the working muscles, meaning that giving exercises that contain resistances must be balanced for all the working muscles in the arms and legs and according to the specificity of the handball game, and from here came the problem of the research in treating the weakness in the level of skill performance that caused the weakness in the level of strength endurance and the result of not giving exercises in the form of muscle balance for the working muscles. On this basis, the problem was addressed by setting exercises specific to muscle balance, but the most important objectives of the research were to identify the effect of muscle balance exercises with different resistances in developing strength endurance and some basic handball skills for advanced players. The researcher used the experimental method with equivalent groups. The research sample was advanced handball players. After determining the research variables, tests, and applying the exercises, the most important conclusions were reached: Muscle balance exercises with different resistances achieved the training goals by developing strength endurance and some basic handball skills for advanced players. The most important recommendations were to adopt muscle balance exercises with different resistances within the training units for the trainer in developing strength endurance and some basic handball skills for advanced players.

Due to the importance of organizational reputation in supporting the job performance levels of educational supervisors specializing in physical education, which allows for the development of business efficiency. This study comes in which we attempt to highlight the role that organizational reputation plays in supporting the job performance of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in the governorates of central and southern Iraq The importance of the research lies in the fact that it contributes to focusing on an important topic that was not given due attention by researchers previouslyIt clarifies the relationship between organizational reputation and job performance and the possibility of predicting the job performance of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in the governorates of central and southern Iraq, which may be considered a turning point in sports and school activity departments if it is implemented To achieve these goals, the researcher used the descriptive method with its survey method and the study of correlational relationships The research tools were educational supervisors specializing in physical education in the governorates of central and southern Iraq, numbering (200) members In addition to the means of collecting data and following a series of field procedures to ensure the validity of the two measures of organizational reputation and job performance The researcher began the research procedures and used appropriate statistical methods to process the results in a way that serves the research and achieves the goals The researcher deduced a predictive equation through which the job performance of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in the governorates of central and southern Iraq can be predicted in terms of organizational reputation (quality, attractiveness, responsibility, performance The researcher also found that the job performance of educational supervisors specializing in physical education in the governorates of central and southern Iraq is linked to a real significant relationship with organizational reputation (quality, attractiveness, responsibility, performance).

Man lives in an era full of tensions, responsibilities and duties that drain physical and mental energy, which leads to many diseases. Paralysis resulting from a stroke or cerebral hemorrhage is one of these diseases that has appeared and spread widely recently. According to World Health Organization statistics, stroke causes 13% of deaths, and this disease is the second leading cause of death after heart disease (20:1). Samia Khalil (2010) explains that kinesiotherapy is one of the means of physical therapy, and means the scientific use of body movements, and various different means based on anatomy and physiology, educational and psychological sciences for preventive and therapeutic symptoms. Thus, kinesiotherapy is considered the most effective means among the means of natural forces for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation in the event of injury, illness or disability (2: 201). The research aims to improve cases of left longitudinal hemiplegia according to the Vogel examination standards. The researcher used the experimental method with the experimental design (pre-post) for the research sample in order to achieve the research objectives. The research sample consisted of (8 men and women with left longitudinal stroke patients, with an average age of (35-60) years. The program was implemented on the sample members of the left longitudinal stroke patients in the period from (2/1/2022) to (15/4/2022). The researcher reached By measuring the movement assessment in stroke rehabilitation and the functional efficiency scale (Vogel-Meyer) to the development of movement. The researcher concluded that accelerating the early rehabilitation process is better for the patient so that he can return as soon as possible and to prevent damage to the muscles and joints.

Basketball is one of the widely practiced sports and occupies a good position, as it has become today very beautiful and wonderful, making those who practice it have the desire to express their rhythmic performance, as it is a wonderful combination of many different skills, whether offensive or defensive, that join together to appear in an artistic painting in which the players individually express their ability to master these skills in matches, then appear in a more beautiful and delicate way in a collective movement rhythm that has its artistic expressions that impress the audience. The skill of handling and its various types in basketball is one of the offensive and defensive movement skills at the same time, as all movements and skills finally end with handling through the opponent's basket, and from this objective understanding of the importance of handling, the researchers sought to work on preparing a skill curriculum for different handling to be an important aid and reference for college and university team coaches to raise the level of performance and improve their teams and results and to contribute positively to the development of the game of basketball. Through the researchers' experience in competition, competition and teaching, in addition to continuous monitoring of a variety of competitions including group competitions. Weakness and decline in performance levels were observed in all types of treatments. This is evident from the large number of failed interventions and the small number of successful attempts, which indicates the weakness of the players' techniques and the lack of interest in tackles by the coaches in the training units, which confirms the lack of scientific preparation, especially the preparation of skills, including the intervention technique, in order to improve their ability in this skill to the extent that they can perform optimally in a variety of situations, especially since it is a sport in which you can score points and then win matches and obtain an advanced position. The aim of the research is to prepare a proposed skill curriculum for some types of basketball tackles for the players of the Al-Muthanna University team and to know the effect of the proposed skill curriculum in developing some types of tackles for the players of the Al-Muthanna University team. The researchers used the experimental method to ensure the achievement of what the research aspires to, and the research sample was selected, represented by the Al-Muthanna University team, which numbered (12) players, who were randomly divided equally into two groups, a control and an experimental group. The researchers conducted homogeneity and equivalence for the experimental and control samples in order to prevent influences that may affect the course of the experiment and its scientific results in terms of individual differences in the sample in age and height measurements. The weight and their skill performance in some types of handling, and processing the results of the pre-tests with appropriate statistical means, all of which showed insignificance, which is an indication of the homogeneity and equivalence of the two samples.

The first chapter included the introduction, the importance of the research, its problem, objectives, hypotheses, and fields. The importance of the research lies in answering some questions about the feasibility of predicting the achievement of running (100) meters, through indicators (physical, motor, and physiological) and thus determining the appropriate goals and means that affect the achievement . As for the research problem, it was: Is there a relationship between the achievement of running (100) meters and some indicators (physical, motor, and physiological)? . As for the research hypotheses, the achievement of running (100) meters is linked to a significant (real) relationship with the indicators (physical, motor, and physiological) of first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Al-Muthanna University, for the academic year (2022-2023).The research community was determined by the first-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Al-Muthanna University for the academic year (2022-2023), who numbered (40 students). The researcher used the descriptive approach - in its survey style, and studied correlational relationships. The results of the tests were collected, processed statistically, and presented and discussed in a scientific manner in order to achieve the goal of the research.
From this, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, including:
- Completing a 100-meter freestyle race is linked to a significant relationship with some indicators (physical, motor, physiological).
The researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including:
- Paying attention to indicators (physical, motor, physiological) during the process of teaching and training athletics.

Study of the phenomenon of sports violence in Iraqi soccer fields
The study aimed to identify the causes of sports violence in the Iraqi football fields. To achieve this, the study was conducted on a sample of 300 people. The researcher used the descriptive method using a two-question scale (yes and no) for the questionnaire for 2014 (nikolaos patsantars) (Jaber: 2007) (Rasem Younis: 1986) has been modified some paragraphs that fit the reality of research in Iraq to be in the final form of questionnaire form of 23 paragraphs where the answer was yes, and then were commented on the answers.There were three directions: Media and its role in reducing violence within stadiums , And Violence among players and its impact on violence among the masses, Rulers and their role in events and reduction of violence.
The results showed that the role of the media was ranked first, cultural and social backgrounds ranked second, there was no awareness between the players, and the rulers' protection system was not recommended. The study recommended an increase in educational and cultural programs that would reduce the violence in Iraqi stadiums.

Detecting the effect of recreational games on some basic motor skills for children in the first grades of primary school, where the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research, and applied the proposed program to a sample of students in the first grades of primary school (first and second grades of primary school) consisting of (40) students divided into (20) students in an experimental group and a control group (20) students. The results showed a statistically significant effect of the program used on improving the basic motor skills used in the current research. The researcher recommended taking advantage of the results reached in this research in order to raise the level of basic motor skills for children in the first grades of primary school

Swimming activities require the presence of endurance, especially for events that are more than 200 m. The 400 m freestyle swimming event is considered one of the events that require an overlap between physical abilities, including the strength endurance trait. Reaching the achievement requires developing the main physical qualities specific to the performance, as well as scientific and training efforts that are programmed correctly. The use of good means and methods that depend on resistance training that helps in developing the strength endurance trait has helped in developing that trait and achieving victory in competitions. The importance of the research lies in the effect of exercises with the resistance device designed by the researcher and obtained a patent on developing the special endurance of the arms and legs and achieving the 400 m freestyle swimming. The problem of the research was the lack of modern devices that simulate performance used to develop the strength endurance trait by using a device with variable resistances and reaching the highest levels and achieving the athletic achievement. The objectives of the research are to prepare resistance exercises with a designed training device and to identify the effect of resistance exercises on developing the special strength endurance of the arms. The research method was the researcher used the experimental method and the method of equivalent experimental and control groups was the research sample. As for the research sample, the research sample was chosen intentionally and represented by the swimmers of the Army Club, advanced category, numbering (12) swimmers who were divided into two groups, control and experimental. The extracted results showed the superiority of the experimental research sample that used the independent variable of exercises with the device over the control sample in the research variables.

Football is one of the prominent sports that has received increasing attention from different countries and at all levels. Such attention has made researchers always seek to develop the game by raising the players’ levels in terms of physical, skill and tactics. The importance of the research lies in the fact that the learner's arrival at the skill level required by the teacher and the learner requires mobilizing all his abilities to achieve the desired goal. This means adapting all the body's systems to work efficiently. The researchers believe that their work according to the biological rhythm can contribute effectively to reaching the highest level. The problem of the research is that through the researchers' review of some studies on the subject of biological rhythm in its physical cycle, they noticed the existence of a problem that lies in not taking it into consideration when teaching different skills in general, especially when teaching the skills of handling and extinguishing in football in particular. Since this problem, in the researchers' belief, is one of the reasons that lead to the lack of development or a decrease in the level of learning for players, the researchers decided to study the physical biological rhythm cycle in the development of the skills of handling and extinguishing in football to raise the level of the game and develop the skills of the players. The aim of the research was the effect of the physical biological rhythm cycle in the development of the level of the skills of handling and extinguishing in football for the players of the Dhi Qar Education Team. As for the research methodology, the researchers used the experimental method and designed two equal groups appropriate to the nature of the problem to be solved, and the research sample The sample was selected intentionally, and they are the players of the Dhi Qar Education team for the academic year (2022-2023), and their number was (25) players, and (5) players were excluded from the original sample due to their lack of homogeneity with the sample members in the study variables, so the total number became (20) players who were divided randomly into two equal groups according to the biorhythm, the first experimental and the other control, and each group had (10) players. One of the most important conclusions is the development of skills (handling and suppression) in football using training according to the physical biorhythm program for the experimental group.

The health aspect is of great importance in human life, as several sciences have emerged that have paid great attention to it, which in turn sought to serve the human being and his health. Among these sciences (sports medicine and rehabilitation), which relied on physical education and was closely associated with it because of its important role in the treatment of athlete and non-athlete injuries, including injuries to the lower back in the lumbar region or between the lumbar and sacral regions and vary treatment methods used at the present time for the development of the majority of science, especially medical and sports sciences because of their impact on the life of the individual, And the importance of the vertebrae, including the lumbar in determining the movements and daily work, or the so-called disc, and exposure of cartilage to damage or herniated disc that occurs as a result of the sudden force on the spine or excessive loads or exposure to accidents, which disrupts or hinders the work of the spine, limits its movement and may reach paralysis and lack of movement in some cases.The results of these studies showed that physical activities can work to alleviate the feeling of pain if practiced according to a thoughtful scientific method commensurate with the state of health, provided that these activities are practiced under the supervision of qualified people and specialists in this field and in a study (2009 Kujala) with the aim of analyzing and reviewing studies that dealt with low back pain and methods used in treatment, he pointed out that The use of physical activities is of great importance in treating low back pain compared to any other methods, swimming is one of the water activities that are used as a means of hydrotherapy because of its preventive and curative effect, as it works to move most of the muscles of the body and thus reaches the degree of comprehensiveness of the muscular balance, the trunk muscle group works to stabilize the base on which the muscles of the arms and legs move in swimming, and in this work a muscle contraction is characterized by continuous stability of the trunk must Keep the spine as straight as possible and that swimming can be practiced by the injured as the water medium property gives the body freedom of movement after losing weight inside the water, which leads to easy performance of exercises inside the pool and highlights the importance of research in the use of special exercises swimming and codified in a training program to treat some injuries to the lower back, while the research aimed to detect the impact of swimming exercises in the level of pain and flexibility of the spine. The researchers have assumed that the use of swimming exercises has the effect of reducing the severity or treatment of low back injuries.

The ability of management to solve problems and make decisions increases as information is available and timely, as it increases the level of knowledge of the decision maker and reduces the state of uncertainty accompanying the decision-making process. Contemporary management requires heads of scientific departments in all faculties of physical education and sports sciences to face the challenges and problems facing the faculties with innovative thinking that goes beyond the usual. In order for the head of the department to be able to solve problems, he must be distinguished by his tendency to research and think about uncertain matters, to renew and innovate, to reject many conclusions without identifying their causes and the relationships between these conclusions, and to persevere and not submit to others. The problem of the research lies in answering this question: What is the role of management information systems in the performance of heads of scientific departments of faculties of physical education and sports sciences? The aim of the research was to prepare two measures of administrative information systems and the performance of heads of scientific branches and to identify administrative information systems and the performance of heads of scientific branches. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the research method using the survey method and correlational relationships. The research community was identified, which was represented by the heads of branches of the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, numbering (38) branch heads. The research sample was chosen intentionally using the comprehensive enumeration method, and the research community was divided into the exploratory sample, numbering (3) workers, and the preparation and application sample, numbering (35) workers.

Basketball depends on the speed of performing skill or more than one skill at a time and with complete coordination between these skills so that the skills appear as a one motor skills. This in the state during attack time , which leads to the speed of the ball’s transfer between the team players and accurate scoring on the basket in the shortest possible time, which leads to the defense of the competing teams being disrupted. The aim of the research is to: prepare neuromuscular coordination exercises on the speed and accuracy of some complex offensive performances among basketball players and to identify the effect of these exercises in developing neuromuscular coordination on the speed and accuracy of some complex offensive performances among basketball players .The research community was determined from the basketball players of Darbandikhan Sports Club, and the researcher used an experimental approach to suit the nature of the problem. The sample was chosen intentionally and consisted of (12) players. The researcher concluded that there was a significant development and improvement in the experimental group between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the complex skill tests, and the experimental group outperformed the control group in the results of the complex skill tests. Neuromuscular coordination training led to an improvement in the complex skill performance of the age group (9-12) years. The researcher recommended the necessity for coaches to pay attention to complex skill performances in forming training units and performing them through situations similar to what happens in the match and conducting similar experimental studies to develop training programs for different age groups to develop all skills, whether individual or complex.

The continuous development in the sports field is the result of the efforts of scientists, researchers and workers in this field and their continuous research for the purpose of developing the abilities and skills of players to reach the highest levels and achieve results and titles, and this can only come by relying on scientific foundations and linking the sports field with other sciences. The game of handball is one of the group games that has received great public interest in recent years because of the excitement, speed of performance, and tactical diversity of the teams. As a result of the development and use of modern techniques in training, this game has made great and advanced strides. As for the problem of the research, training in handball has become a difficult and complex task and responsibility that requires the coach to be constantly and permanently informed of the development taking place in the scientific and practical aspects and not to rely on his experiences and field practice. Likewise, it is not possible to rely on one without the other, as experience, practice, and keeping up with development both complement the other. Through the research and observation of the researchers, it was found that there is a weakness in the explosive ability (of the legs and arms), and the reason for this is that some trainers focus in their training and training units on traditional programs that are not at all appropriate for the youth stage. The goal of the research is to prepare ballistic exercises to develop the muscular capabilities (of the legs). And arms) and the skill of shooting by jumping in handball for young people, The research assumed that there is a positive effect of ballistic training in developing the muscular ability of the legs and arms and the shooting skill of young handball jumpers. The research population is the Kufa Club for the sports season (2023/2024), which is (15) players. The research sample was (10 players) after excluding (3) goalkeepers and (2 players) for their reluctance to implement the training program. The training program was implemented for a period of two and a half months from 5/22/2024 to 8/5/2024 on the research sample, after which the post-test was conducted after the end of the program on 8/14/2024. After obtaining the results, the statistics were processed, and the researchers concluded that the ballistic exercises used had a positive impact on the skill of shooting jumping in handball. The researchers recommended applying the proposed exercises to benefit from them in handball training.

The study aimed to identify the role of creative leadership in managing administrative talents in the National Gymnastics Sports Federation. The research problem lies in answering the question (what is the role of creative leadership in managing talent administrators in the National Gymnastics Sports Federation) and the researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships to form a society The research included (120 ) workers in the National Gymnastics Federation, and the community was divided into the exploratory sample, which numbered (20) workers, and the preparation and application sample (100) workers. Scientific foundations were used in preparing the two scales (creative leadership and management of administrative talents) of validity and reliability, and the data was processed using Statistical Bag for Social Sciences. The researchers concluded that creative leadership works by encouraging and motivating members and providing them with material and moral support, and that the value of administrative talent increases, as the values of creative leadership increase. The researchers recommended that national sports federations should pay attention to holding scientific seminars and discussion groups among members, as this will result in the generation of new innovative ideas. As a result of the diversity of cultures, experiences and knowledge they possess, this in turn contributes to the creation of new working methods, tools and technologies.

The importance of the research is evident in the number of exercises according to scientific and objective foundations that contribute to improving the level of technical performance of the volleyball smash skill by raising the values of bio kinematic variables that ultimately form the general form of the skill, thus achieving the best performance in volleyball. Reaching the highest levels is considered one of the important matters that require knowledge of the most important mechanical variables that contribute to mastering the skill. Therefore, kinetic analysis is considered a logical means by which the phenomenon is objectively evaluated to identify the most important areas of strength and weakness in the level of players\' performance. The research problem lies in the failure to use modern scientific training methods to develop the smash skill through the process of linking the physical and mechanical aspects to raise the kinetic path of the skill, which led to a decline in the level of technical performance of the smash skill in volleyball. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of instantaneous speed exercises on the values of some bio kinematic variables and the accuracy of performing the smash skill in volleyball for youth. The researcher also used the experimental method with a single group with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the problem. The researcher also chose his research community deliberately, which is the youth of Al-Jabaish Club. In volleyball for the 2024/2025 season, the number of (10) players, which constitutes (100%) of the original community, and (5) attempts were given to each player, so that the final number of sample members became the number of attempts, which amounted to (25) attempts for each group. The researcher concluded that the instantaneous speed exercises had developed the values of the bio kinematic variables in the post-test as a result of using exercises similar to the kinetic path of the smash serve skill. The researcher recommended emphasizing the use of instantaneous speed exercises to develop the values of the bio kinematic variables of the smash serve skill in volleyball .

The importance of the research lies in using a therapeutic program with the aim of helping to strengthen the woman's muscles that have been affected by elongation and relaxation, as well as avoiding mechanical problems that occur to her body to develop or improve the woman's muscles in order to increase her ability to face daily physical and motor requirements, Because of its appropriateness and the nature of the current study, the experimental method was used with a single-group design to prepare a proposed rehabilitation method that uses aerobic exercises and vibration massage to rehabilitate the abdominal muscles, pelvis, and thighs affected by the postpartum stage. The research sample was purposefully composed of women between the ages of 25 and 30 who had naturally given birth to their first child, and their number from non-athletes reached ten. After identifying the most crucial gross measurements, performing physical examinations, and implementing the planned rehabilitation program, the researchers came to the following conclusions: The effect of the suggested training method on the affected muscles after pregnancy led to an increase in the strength characteristic of the abdominal muscles. The researchers also suggested that women should engage in physical activity and sports during pregnancy and the postpartum period to prevent fat from building up in the thighs and abdomen

The importance of the research lies in its focus on the junior category, which is a crucial stage in the skill and physical development of the player. It also seeks to reveal the relationship between resistance exercises and some specific biokinetic variables, which allows coaches to develop more effective training programs based on accurate scientific foundations. Hence, this research came to shed light on the effect of resistance exercises in developing some biokinetic variables associated with the performance of the two-point shooting skill in basketball for the junior category, seeking to provide training recommendations that contribute to raising the skill level of young players, and enhancing their ability to shoot accurately and steadily in competitive situations. The research problem emerged in the need to use specific exercises - such as resistance exercises - that can contribute to developing muscular capacity and improving motor and neurological coordination, and thus improving these biokinetic variables that directly affect the quality of shooting. The most important objectives of the research were to identify the statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests of the values of some biokinetic variables and the accuracy of two-point shooting in basketball. The research hypothesis represented the presence of statistically significant differences. Morale between the pre-test and post-test and the values of some biokinetic variables and the accuracy of the two-point shooting skill in basketball in favor of the post-tests. The third chapter included the research methodology and field procedures. The researcher used the experimental method with a single-group design and chose the research community and sample from the players of the specialized center in Dhi Qar Governorate, numbering (20) players. The most important conclusions that the researcher came up with were that resistance exercises proved their effectiveness in improving the strength and time curve among basketball juniors, as an increase in the amount of force produced was observed during shorter periods of time, indicating a development in explosive ability and rapid motor response, as well as the contribution of the training program based on resistance exercises in reducing the total time of motor performance, which is an indicator of the development of motor efficiency and the speed of implementing the skill in a more balanced and effective manner.