Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences

Many experts in the field of sports confirm that the number of injuries is increasing significantly day by day across various sports due to the high and continuous strain on the systems and organs of the athlete's body. The study aimed to develop rehabilitation exercises integrated with blood flow restriction (BFR) technology to rehabilitate the shoulder dislocation injury in athletes, as well as to determine the effect of these rehabilitation exercises and BFR technology on improving muscle strength, range of motion, and reducing pain levels in the dislocated shoulder joint of athletes. The researchers used the experimental method with pre-test, mid-test, and post-test to suit the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (10) injured athletes, who were intentionally selected from advanced athletes playing volleyball in clubs in the southern region. The researchers concluded that integrating rehabilitation exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) technology significantly improved the functional efficiency of the injured shoulder joint in athletes. This was evidenced by a notable increase in the range of motion and the strength of the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint when using rehabilitation exercises with BFR technology, enhancing joint stability and reducing the likelihood of recurring injuries. The researchers also concluded from the results that the use of blood flow restriction (BFR) technology accelerated the healing process and reduced pain compared to traditional methods, allowing athletes to return to their activities more quickly. The researchers recommend emphasizing the use of rehabilitation exercises with blood flow restriction (BFR) technology due to its significant role in healing and reducing the period of absence from sports. They also recommend conducting long-term studies to evaluate the sustainability of the functional improvements provided by blood flow restriction (BFR) technology, and expanding the scope of research to include larger and more diverse samples of athletes from various sports activities.

The research aims to identify the effect of special exercises in developing some of the sensory perceptions of blind youth goalball players. The researcher hypothesizes that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of some of the sensory perceptions of blind youth goalball players. The researcher used the experimental method by designing one experimental group with two pre-tests. The dimension is due to its suitability to the nature of the research problem The research community was determined from young blind goalball players, as the research sample included members of the entire research community, represented by the players of the Iraqi youth blind goalball team, numbering (six) players who were chosen intentionally and in a comprehensive inventory of all members of the research community. The researcher concluded that special exercises A positive effect on the development of some sensory perceptions among young blind goalball players The researcher recommends paying attention to the generalization of the results of this study when seeking to improve goal scoring for the youth team players in goal ball for the blind, and to emphasize the applications of special exercises when seeking to develop the sensory perceptions of the youth team players in goal ball for the blind.

The feeling of psychological security is one of the important needs for building character. Security is an expression that indicates a psychological state in which a living being exists when its needs are satisfied, which vary according to the living being itself. In humans, it is what they feel towards needs, by obtaining which their demands for stability are fulfilled. These needs vary from one person to another, and from one place to another. The research aims to identify the feeling of security according to Maslow's test and its relationship to social compatibility with university life for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher used the descriptive approach that deals with what exists in reality and attempts to explain it. The research community consisted of (60) female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra, and (50) female students were selected randomly (lottery) and constituted a percentage of 75.757%. The researcher concluded that the female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences enjoy an average level of feeling psychological security, and that they enjoy a higher than average level of compatibility with university life. Psychological security also achieved a high moral correlation with compatibility with university life for female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher recommended giving intensive priorities to female students in order to raise their sense of psychological security within the university, and giving an educational and cultural mission to female students in order to increase compatibility with university life.

Total resistance training (TRX) is a new technique for resistance training using body weight, and gives the body movement at more than one angle compared to regular dumbbell training or weight training, in addition to reducing the risk of injury, developing strength, balance, and flexibility. It has an effective effect in developing functional muscle balance and can be combined with... Basic exercises to increase their effectiveness, and the two researchers noticed, after reviewing previous studies and following the game, that they noticed the lack of use of TRX exercises among the teams, and this was confirmed after the personal appetizers that the two researchers conducted with the volleyball coaches, which does not allow diversification and change to occur in the daily training units, so the two researchers decided to delve into This problem and the research aims to identify the effect of suspended rope exercises (TRX) on the physical and motor abilities and the level of performance of the smashing skill of young volleyball players. The two researchers deliberately selected the research population from 12 volleyball players, and the sample represents a percentage (75%) of the research community. The two researchers used appropriate tests for the purpose of extracting physical and motor variables, and the results were processed using appropriate statistical methods. The two researchers came to the following conclusions: The training curriculum that included TRX suspension rope exercises had a positive, effective and tangible impact on the physical and motor abilities of the research sample members.

The current research aims to learn about the evaluation and levels of the organizational resilience of coaches and administrators in sports activities units in the universities of the Kurdistan Region- Iraq , and the researcher implemented the descriptive approach to the survey style of his study nature, and the community is the research from sports coaches in the units of sports activities in the universities of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq who They numbered (94) coachs , was excluded (14) because the tool was not completed and their participation in the survey experience, and then (80) coachs participating in the main experiment. As for the means of information collection, the researcher used the scale (Zaid Khaled Attia 2021) as means of data collection, as the current study required the use of a scale To measure the organizational flexibility of the sports activities units and the researcher extracted the scientific foundations of the current research sample in order to suit the current environment of the study sample , The results showed that administrators and coaches in sports activities units have a good and high level of organizational flexibility in general and that the results in the field of environmental adaptation showed that it is completely prepared to apply organizational flexibility through its results have a high and high possibility to use multiple means to advance management in general. The data that appeared in the field of planning that there is a neglect of an interest in plans to develop workers in sports activities units, while coaches and administrators indicated the existence of an organizational culture that emphasizes cooperation and teamwork and a sense of participation between workers in sports activities units, as the results were of medium level.

The importance of the research is highlighted in the fact that the research is a scientific contribution to the field of job satisfaction for the education sector in general and for male and female physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate in particular, through building a job satisfaction scale and applying it to physical education teachers for secondary schools in the center of Maysan Governorate for the academic year 2022-2023, as the scale was prepared from During a survey of the opinions of experts and specialists to determine its axes and paragraphs for each axis, then based on the construction sample, which amounted to (100) teachers and schools, and after conducting statistical analyzes for constructing the scale (validity and reliability), the scale was applied in its final form to the application sample, which amounted to (133) teachers and schools, taking into account the results. The sample structure was the most important conclusions: - Male and female physical education teachers enjoyed high job satisfaction, and the researchers recommended making more room for male and female teachers within schools for more creativity and innovation.

The study aimed to identify the relationship of the motor speed of the arms and legs to the level of performance of some basic skills in the game of table tennis, to identify the proportion of the contribution of the motor speed of the arms and legs to the level of performance of some basic skills in the game of table tennis, to identify the extent of the efficiency of the motor speed of the arms and legs in predicting the level of performance. Some basic skills in the game of table tennis, while the research sample represented the departments of Al-Hamdaniya University participating in the table tennis tournament organized by the Student Activities Department for the academic year (2023-2024), amounting to (20) players. They were chosen intentionally, and the researchers arrived at results that show that, the motor speed of both the arms and legs has a significant correlation in the performance of some of the basic skills selected in the research, which are (serve, forehand, backhand). The motor speed of the arms and legs contributes to a large extent to the performance of some of the basic skills selected in the research, which is each of (the serve, the forehand, and the backhand), general and specific predictive equations were reached through the contribution of the motor speed of the arms and legs in the performance of some selected basic skills, which are as follows:
The prediction equation in general, especially in the performance of the serving skill.
The prediction equation in general and especially in the performance of the forehand skill.
• The prediction equation in general and especially in performing the backhand skill.
The researchers recommended paying attention to the percentages of contribution shown by the study for each of the variables of the speed of arm movement in the horizontal direction, the variable of the speed of rotation of the arm counterclockwise, and the variable of the speed of contraction and extension of the shoulder and elbow, as a guide to the training process, adopting the prediction equations that were arrived at in evaluating and selecting table tennis players.

The research seeks to identify the level of counter-factual thinking and psychological first division football referees, as the researchers built a counter-factual thinking scale, as well as building a guidance program, and identifying the best effectiveness between the method included in the guidance program and the method followed in the variable. The researchers used the experimental method with the design of the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-measurement, and the research community consisted of (183) referees representing all governorates of Iraq, As for the construction sample, it consisted of (154) referees, while the application sample amounted to(19) referees representing (first division football referees for Wasit Governorate), the researchers conducted pre-measurements on the main research sample (experimental and control) on (Friday 12/1/2024), the researchers then carried out the main research experiment by exposing the referees of the experimental group to the independent variable (the counseling program), in two sessions per week, for a period of (45) minutes per session, and for the period from (19/1/2024 to 26/ 2/2024), after which he conducted post-measurements on the research sample (experimental and control) on (26/ 2/2024), The data was then statistically processed using (SPSS) and discussed scientifically, and several conclusions were drawn, including: The guidance program prepared by the researchers has a positive impact on improving counter-factual thinking of first-class football referees in Wasit Governorate, and also showed the style The guidance program followed has a higher effect than the method used in improving counter-factual thinking, In light of these conclusions, the researchers made the most important recommendations, including: adopting the psychological counseling program that used, as well as adopting the counter-factual thinking scale that was built, as they have proven its effectiveness in measuring what it was designed for, as well as using programs Guidance and its application, especially during the preparation period, and the emphasis on the importance of the psychological aspect by those in charge of the arbitration system, as well as the involvement of lecturers and evaluators in psychological counseling courses.

The research aims to identify the effect of using the problem-solving method on the development of intelligence and the backhand stroke skill in tennis among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability to the nature of the research, conducted on students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad, for the academic year (2018-2019), with a total of (30) students. Students who participated in the preliminary experiment, totaling (5) students, as well as those who did not attend regularly, also totaling (5), were excluded, resulting in a final research sample of (20) students. The sample was randomly divided into two groups: a control group of (10) students and an experimental group of (10) students. The researcher concluded that using the problem-solving method proved effective in developing intelligence and the skill performance level of the backhand stroke in tennis. The researcher recommended using the problem-solving method as an indicator in developing intelligence and the backhand stroke skill in tennis, and conducting studies and research on other variables using the problem-solving method in various sports fields, on different samples, levels, and age stages.

The research included the introduction and the importance of the research, including the importance of using the model in learning and mastering the skill of shooting basketball. The research problem was also identified, embodied in the poor performance of shooting basketball at the aforementioned age grou. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of using Bandura’s theory in learning and mastering the skill of shooting with basketball. The hypothesis of the research was that there is a positive effect in using Bandura’s theory in learning and mastering the skill of shooting with basketball, and the researcher spent all his money on theoretical studies. A relationship to the theoretical subject of the research, which is (observational learning theory - elements of observational learning, basketball shooting factors affecting shooting). The researcher also used the experimental method in the style of the two groups (control and experimental) because it suits the nature of the problem. In light of these results, the researcher reached many conclusions, including that the model method is effective in developing basketball shooting results. The most important recommendations were to conduct research and studies to determine the effect of the learning method through the model in.

The objectives of the research are to identify the effect of perceptual sensory exercises on the perception of distance and time in the experimental group. And to identify the effect of perceptual-sensory exercises and developing the perception of distance and time on the performance of the jumping skill on the jumping table. The research hypotheses are that there are statistically significant differences in the perception of distance and Time in the experimental group between the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement. There are statistically significant differences in the performance of jumping on the jumping table in the experimental group between the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the post-measurement. The researcher adopted the experimental design with one experimental group with pre- and post-measurement due to its suitability for solving the problem. The research population is represented by (20) players from the training center for education in Basra Governorate, and the research sample was (10) players. The experimental group was subject to practicing the prepared curriculum and (5) players for exploratory and stability experiments. The researcher concluded that the cognitive-sensory exercises were enjoyed. In accordance with the abilities and capabilities of gymnasts, cognitive-sensory exercises have a clear impact on developing the perception of distance and time among gymnasts. Members of the experimental group showed great interaction with the cognitive-sensory exercises because of the players’ need for sensory-cognitive exercises to help them with communication, friction, and self-reliance. Developing the perception of distance and time affected the development of skill performance in jumping on a jumping table

The research aims to identify school bullying and psychological pressures among male and female physical education and sports science teachers in Wasit. It also aims to identify the correlational relationship between psychological pressures and school bullying among physical education and sports science teachers in Wasit province. The researchers used a descriptive approach with survey methods and correlational analysis. The research community consisted of physical education and sports science teachers in Wasit province, Kut district. The scale was constructed based on a sample of 685 sports teachers in Baghdad province, the first education directorate of Al-Karkh. The research sample consisted of 611 male and female physical education and sports science teachers distributed across the district's schools, and all sample members were included. The researchers concluded that physical education and sports science teachers in Wasit province do not exhibit the phenomenon of school bullying and psychological pressures. There were statistically significant differences between male and female physical education and sports science teachers in terms of the variables of gender, favoring male teachers in the school bullying and psychological pressure scales. The researchers recommend emphasizing the importance of the role of physical education and sports science teachers in combating bullying in the school environment, as it is everyone's responsibility to help each other, as well as paying attention to students, solving their problems, and addressing the psychological pressures they face. They also recommend that relevant colleges should consider accepting students based on their preferences and inclinations, and not have families choose colleges for their children to ensure stability in future professional work.

The research aims to prepare exercises using added weights (loadings) and investigate the impact of these exercises on developing specific endurance, speed-strength, and some basic football skills for players aged 16-17. The researcher employed a single-group pretest-posttest experimental design, deemed most suitable for the study's nature. The research sample consisted of 28 youth players from Shirwanah Sports Club/Clare deliberately chosen, with the research sample comprising 20 players selected randomly. The researchers concluded that physical training using added weights was effective in developing the researched physical capacities, including strength endurance, speed endurance, and speed-strength. The research also indicated that physical training with added weights contributed to improving the skill performance of the studied basic skills, which include scoring ability, intermediate handling skill, and grade skill as measured in the research. The researchers recommended serious attention by coaches and stakeholders in the training process using added weights to enhance speed endurance, strength endurance, and speed-strength by allocating sufficient time during training sessions and employing exercises utilized in the current study.

The research aimed to identify self-monitoring and self-awareness among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, and to structure a psychological training program to develop self-monitoring and enhance self-awareness among students, and to reveal the impact of the psychological training program on developing monitoring. Self-esteem and enhancing self-awareness among students. Detecting differences in the post-test of self-monitoring and self-awareness between the experimental and control research groups. The researchers used the experimental method. The current research population consisted of scond-year College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences students. For the academic year (2023-2024), the number is (177) students, based on the statistics obtained from the Registration Division at the college, and after excluding (40) male and female students for participating in the consistency and exploratory experiment, in addition to excluding (23) male and female students for not completing the questionnaire. For the research, the research sample consisted of (114) male and female students representing (64.40%) of the research population. In light of this, the experimental research sample was deliberately selected, amounting to (26) students, with (13) students for the experimental group and (13) students for the experimental group. students for the control group and calculated the scores they obtained on the self-monitoring scale and the self-awareness scale. The data obtained by the researchers was processed using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test for independent samples, t-test for correlated samples, and test (t) for one sample. The researchers concluded the following: The effectiveness of the psychological training program that the researcher's structure in developing self-monitoring and improving self-awareness was inferred through the results of the pre-and post-tests of the experimental group. The researchers recommended the possibility of benefiting from the current psychological training program in facilitating the task of researchers in the future to build similar programs at different academic levels concerned with the academic preparation of students and applying it in universities.

The aim of the research is to identify the level of scholastic sports abilities and to recognize the level of motivational beliefs in secondary schools under the supervision of the Directorate of Education in Babil from their perspective, as well as to understand the nature of the relationship and the roles of scholastic sports abilities influencing the motivational beliefs of physical education teachers. Scholastic sports abilities and motivational beliefs of teachers were examined through the preparation of two scales, the first to measure the level of scholastic abilities in secondary schools, and the second to measure the level of motivational beliefs among physical education teachers. The first scale included 12 items, while the second scale included 13 items. Data was obtained by applying the scales to the main research sample, represented by physical education teachers in secondary schools under the Directorate of Education in Babil, totaling 283 teachers. They were distributed among three sub-samples (pilot study, statistical analysis, final application) with a total of 8, 165, and 110 individuals respectively. The researcher concluded that secondary schools under the Directorate of Education in Babil possess a low level of scholastic sports abilities according to the perspective of physical education teachers. Additionally, physical education teachers in secondary schools under the Directorate of Education in Babil have an average level of motivational beliefs based on their personal perspective. It was also concluded that there is a positive significant relationship with accepted influential roles of scholastic sports abilities in the motivational beliefs of physical education teachers.

The research aimed to prepare special skill exercises to teach some aerial skills in soccer in soccer, such as hitting the ball with the head from the jumping position, and hitting the ball with the head from the flying position, and to identify the effect of these exercises in developing research skills in order to invest the best possible opportunities to teach students during lessons.
The problem was identified in the weakness of school students’ football skills played in the air. The experimental method was used for a sample consisting of (35) students, from Safwat Al-Din Middle School, who were divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The researcher reached several conclusions, including: The application of skill exercises and correction of errors led to the development of the aerial skills in football identified in the research.
The researcher recommended: paying attention to teaching these skills within the educational and training units in football in schools, because of their importance in achieving good results in lessons.

Since ancient times, humans have been climbing mountains, crossing valleys, as well as passing through pits and trenches, responding to the nature of their time. It becomes clear to us that humans, involuntarily, have performed various movements including jumping, walking, running, etc. The latter is considered a simple natural athletic activity, while mountain climbing is seen as a challenging and exciting adventure sport. The research aims to conduct a comparative study of some functional variables and RPE (Rate of Perceived Exertion) among competitors at different altitudes. The researchers used a descriptive comparative method with a single-group design because it is suitable for the nature of the problem. The sample was purposefully selected, consisting of 8 amateur climbers aged 18-25, who had attempted climbing in groups with the help of a climbing coach. The results of this study led the researchers to conclude that the differences within the groups in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perceived exertion index were statistically significant at the three stations. There were no significant differences in blood oxygen saturation test at the three stations. The researchers recommend conducting similar studies at higher altitudes ranging from 2000m to 3000m, such as the peaks of Biramah Crown and Bradost, and conducting similar research on females.

The research aims to identify the level of sports fears and emotional intelligence among first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Education for Girls. It also aims to explore the relationship between sports fears and emotional intelligence among first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Education for Girls. The researchers used a descriptive correlational method to match the nature of the current research. The research sample included 96 female students in the first year of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Education for Girls. The researchers concluded that there is a high level of sports fears among first-year students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Education for Girls. They also found a low level of emotional intelligence among first-year students in the same department. The researchers recommended training on breathing techniques and relaxation: students can be taught deep breathing and relaxation techniques to control sports fears and calm their nerves. They also recommended improving self-confidence by enhancing their skills and developing their sports abilities and providing positive guidance.

The importance of research appears in the practical application of motor games and their impact on developing kinesthetic perception for children with learning difficulties as an educational method based on scientific foundations through which we seek to develop kinesthetic perception. The researchers noted that motor games play a major role in developing sensory-motor perception abilities, especially for children with learning difficulties. Because through different play situations, the child learns to control and keep up with peers of the same age, adapt, develop, participate, and respect others while developing motor abilities and treating learning difficulties. The study aims to To determine the effect of using motor games in developing sensory-motor perception among children with learning difficulties at the age of (7) years, the study was conducted on a group of first-grade students of Al-Mustafa Mixed School affiliated with the First Resafa Education Directorate during the time period from 3/9/2023 to 16 /12/2023 The sample number reached (20) students who were selected intentionally and used the proposed educational program. The two researchers also used the experimental method to suit the study. The results of the study concluded that the proposed program has a positive impact on developing sensory-motor perception, and the two researchers recommended the necessity of using programs to develop sensory-motor perception among children with learning difficulties at the age of (7) years.

The aim of the research was to identify the emotional experience of elite Iraqi volleyball league players. The researchers used a descriptive method with a survey approach for the study, given its suitability and the nature of the research. The researchers identified the research population and selected a sample of 106 players from the Iraqi volleyball elite league clubs, including teams from Erbil, Al-Habbaniyah, Gas Al-Janoub, Al-Bahri, Al-Peshmerga, Al-Samoud, North Refineries, and Nineveh. The researchers used the Emotional Experience Scale developed by Mahmoud (2023), which consists of 36 items distributed across four dimensions. The scale uses a five-point Likert scale (completely agree, agree, somewhat agree, disagree, completely disagree), with weights assigned based on the content of the item (5-4-3-2-1) for positive items and (1-2-3-4-5) for negative items. The researchers concluded that the Emotional Experience Scale could be utilized, and that the players in the Iraqi volleyball elite league possess both positive and negative emotional experiences. There were differences in the ranking of emotional experiences among the players, leading the researchers to recommend considering emotional experiences and allocating sufficient space for them in training programs, as well as working on enhancing them for the players through psychological preparation and conducting similar research in the same field to study the relationship between emotional experiences and other characteristics.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of interactive video on learning the skill of jump shooting in handball among second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Based on the researchers' experience in handball, they observed that many instructors do not consider modern media and methods in teaching basic skills, especially jump shooting in handball. Learning basic skills is crucial and challenging, requiring attention. Therefore, the researchers utilized interactive video as an educational tool to teach jump shooting in handball to second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Wasit, aiming to save time and effort and achieve better results.
The researchers employed an experimental approach suitable for the nature of the research problem, adhering to scientific research principles that align with the problem's nature. The research community consisted of intentionally selected second-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Wasit for the academic year 2023-2024, totaling 102 students. The researchers concluded that the use of interactive video had a clear and positive impact on learning jump shooting in handball among second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Wasit.

The importance of research is evident in raising the level of teaching the 100-meter dash in a successful instructional manner, enhancing the performance of lower groups and bolstering higher levels after employing the appropriate educational method, which is comprehensive learning or what is known as multi-level learning. This is aimed at building a future generation of learners capable of performing sports activities in the field and arena. The research problem lay in the fact that the 100-meter dash is a challenging activity where physical and psychological aspects significantly impact performance, in addition to achieving good performance necessitated by successful teaching methods that help incorporate all special requirements for performance across different student levels. The research aims to explore the impact of the comprehensive learning (multi-level) teaching method on teaching the 100-meter dash in the field and arena for students. The researcher used an experimental method with equivalent group design, selecting a sample of 20 students from the research community, constituting 13.79% of the original population, divided into control and experimental groups randomly. The researcher concluded that the comprehensive learning (multi-level) teaching method is crucial in teaching the 100-meter dash in the track and field for students, recommending its adoption due to its effectiveness.

Wrestling is a sport that requires special physical and motor abilities, so the wrestler who possesses all the motor abilities can confuse the opponent and can continue and continue in performance without interruption and record the technical points and win the match. The research aims to prepare exercises and identify the impact of these exercises in developing some motor abilities and the level of performance of leg drop movements for free wrestling beginners. The researcher used the experimental approach with one experimental group with pre and post-tests. The study sample consisted of 14 young wrestlers who were selected intentionally, (10) of them were subjected to the exercises and (4) for the pilot experiment. The researcher concluded that the exercises had a positive effect on improving the special motor abilities under study, namely speed-strength, flexibility, agility, and explosive strength, for free wrestling beginners, in favor of the post-measurement. The exercises also had a positive effect on improving the performance of leg drop movements, namely front leg drop / leg drop then side throw / leg drop and lift then throw backward, for free wrestling beginners, in favor of the post-measurement. The researcher recommended working on improving the special motor abilities of free wrestling beginners and guiding the proposed exercises to develop the motor abilities for wrestling coaches in planning the various training programs for free wrestling beginners in the sport of wrestling.

The game of basketball is one of the fast-paced organized sports games that require mental skills in performing most of its basic skills due to the peculiarity of this game in the smallness of its field and the nature of the short and fast movements of the ball and the players alike. Also, the smallness of the basketball goal requires the player to possess mental skills such as focusing attention. And sensory-motor perception so that he can learn and master the basic skills of this game and control its performance. This study comes to identify the type of relationship between some mental skills and their relationship to shooting accuracy in basketball among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kut University College, where the researcher used the descriptive approach. In the method of correlational relationships to achieve the goal of the research, the tests approved in this study were applied to a sample of students from the fourth stage / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kut University College, and the results showed that there is a weak correlation between the level of concentration of attention and the skill of accuracy of shooting basketball among the members of the research sample. There is a significant correlation between sensory-motor perception and the skill of shooting accuracy with basketball among members of the research sample. The researcher recommended paying attention to developing focus of attention because it is of great importance in performing many of the basic skills in sports that are taught within the curricula of colleges of physical education.

The aim of the research is to develop Fartlek method exercises to enhance punching speed among the boxing team of the University of Diyala, and to investigate the impact of these exercises on the development of punching speed among the boxing team of the University of Diyala. The researcher employed the experimental method to address the research problem, and the sample was intentionally selected, consisting of 12 boxers from the University of Diyala boxing team. They were divided into two groups (experimental and control), with 6 boxers in each group. The training included 16 training units, with two training sessions per week, starting from Thursday, October 19, 2023, and ending on Monday, January 11, 2024. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that Fartlek method exercises are effective in improving speed and speed endurance, showing a positive impact and tangible improvement in the results among the research sample. The use of Fartlek method exercises led to better development in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the diversity in the training provided to the boxers had a significant impact on improving punching speed through improved performance speed and endurance. The researcher recommends emphasizing the implementation of Fartlek method exercises during both general and specific preparation periods, adjusting their intensity and level accordingly, as they contribute to enhancing speed and speed endurance. Additionally, conducting further research using Fartlek method to develop other physical abilities in boxing, and conducting a similar study on advanced players, is advised.

The importance of the research is demonstrated by explaining the role of self-learning through the learning use of the multi-media educational bag to raise the level of offensive skill performance of fencing players, which gives educational indicators that rise to the level of self-education. The problem of the research emerged that the level of learning in offensive skill performance does not rise to the level of ambition and does not advance the level. During the period of learning, this is what the researcher revealed by polling the opinions of experts and specialists and by observing the learning of these skills at the university educational level. The most important objectives of the research were: - Identifying the effect of self-learning of the multi-media educational package in teaching some basic offensive skills with the epee weapon to students. The research sample was: students of the third stage in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Basra, and the conclusion was made: - Learning in the multimedia educational bag is important in teaching some basic offensive skills with an airsoft weapon to students. The most important recommendations were: Adopting self-learning for the multimedia educational bag. Because of its importance in teaching some basic offensive skills with epee weapons to students.

Basketball is one of the games that requires high physical effort because it is characterized by changing the level of playing rhythm and being an enjoyable competitive game because it includes many diverse offensive and defensive skills. The importance of research is related to developing these two skills because of their major role in influencing the performance of the game skill. The problem with the research lies in the fact that the skills performed by students are performed in a slow manner that is not consistent with the reality of the performance that should be during playing, which should be given in a competitive manner similar to the real skill performance in matches. The research aims to prepare competitive exercises, then find out their effect on stability by changing the direction and movement of the defending player. The two researchers used the experimental method and the one-group method, where they were conducted on a randomly tested sample (lottery) of fourth-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University, with a number of (32). (28%) students from the research population, which numbered (112) students. Then the exploratory experiment and pre- and post-tests for the research variables were conducted, in addition to the main experiment, which lasted (6) weeks. The research continued from 1/3/2024 to 2/25/2024. , in addition to appropriate statistical methods. The two researchers recommend the necessity of benefiting from the exercises that they prepared a experience, due to the stability of their skillful effect on performance, as well as the emphasis on basketball teachers to use competitive exercises in practical lessons, especially when developing the stroke by changing direction and the movement of the defender in line with the specificity of the game.

The research problem was represented by the following question: Do elite handball club players differ in their level of mental perception according to their playing positions on the field? The research aimed to identify the mental level of elite handball club players for the 2023-2024 sports season, as well as to identify the differences in the mental level between players according to playing positions. The researcher used the descriptive approach in a comparative manner, and the research community was represented by elite club players, numbering (275). Players were distributed among (11) teams, according to the federation’s lists. As for the sample, it was represented by (110) players who were randomly selected according to the playing positions. The researcher used the mental perception scale by Reiner Martins and applied it to the research sample after confirming the scientific soundness of the scale.
The results showed that the level of mental perception among elite handball club players was high, and dimension 1 (individual practice) came in first place with a very high degree of agreement, while dimension 4 (practice during competition) came in last place with a moderate degree of agreement. There has been a difference in the level of mental perception of elite club players depending on the playing positions in favor of the (playmaker).

The research aims to reveal the effect of the (4EX2) model in learning some basic football skills and developing students’ interactive thinking.The researchers assumed that there is no statistically significant difference between the average scores of the experimental group that studied according to the (4EX2) model and the control group in learning some basic football skills and developing interactive thinking. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem. The study sample included (32) third-year intermediate students at Baghdida Intermediate School for Boys / Al-Hamdaniyah District / Nineveh for the academic year (2022-2023). They were distributed into two homogeneous groups in variables (1. age and height. 2. mass. 3. and some elements of physical fitness) Each group consisted of (16) students. The experimental group studied according to the (4EX2) model, and the control group studied using the teaching method followed (the traditional method). Then the two researchers prepared teaching plans according to the (4EX2) model, and adopted the scale (Khudair, 2020) to measure interactive thinking. Then, they began implementing the research experiment on 11/5. /2022 and ended on 12/11/2022, which lasted five weeks and consisted of (3) educational units for each of the skills under study. At the end of the experiment, the researchers conducted post-tests on the two research groups and then analyzed the results statistically using a t-test for equal independent samples. The researchers reached a set of results, the most important of which is: Teaching according to the (4EX2) model was better than the traditional method in teaching some football skills and developing them. Interactive thinking for students. The researchers recommended emphasizing the use of the (4EX2) model in teaching football at the secondary level.