Damo Journal of Sports Sciences

The current study aimed to identify the effect of reactive speed training on developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills for young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Sports Club. The researcher used a single-group experimental approach with pre- and post-tests to suit the research problem. The research sample consisted of (13) young women's volleyball players at Al-Khalis Club, aged 15-17 years. (3) players were statistically excluded for non-compliance with the training sessions. The experimental group consisted of (10) players. The main experiment was conducted on the research sample for (6) weeks, with three sessions per week. After processing the results, the researcher reached the following main conclusions: Reactive speed training is highly effective in developing sensorimotor perception and reception skills in young women's volleyball. The most important recommendations were: The researcher recommends the need to consider reactive speed training in their training sessions to develop sensorimotor perception. and receiving skills.

The importance of the research lies in the use or implementation of specific exercises that vary in their performance and are expected to develop the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer. The research problem, through field observations and repeated observations of matches by players at a specialized school in Nasiriyah District, revealed a clear deficiency in the time coaches allocate to developing the skills of agility and motor balance. Neglecting to develop these two skills is a direct cause of players' weak ability to respond effectively to sudden situations during the match, which negatively impacts the accuracy of skill execution. The research objectives were to identify the effect of specific exercises on developing the skills of agility, motor balance, and dribbling in soccer players aged 11-12 years. The researcher used the experimental method using the two equivalent groups, control and experimental, to suit its suitability for solving the research problem. The researcher deliberately defined the research community, which is junior football players at the Specialized Football Center in Dhi Qar Governorate for the season (2023-2024), with (28) officially registered players. The researcher then selected his research sample, which numbered (20) players. One of the most important conclusions is that the qualitative exercises designed using a scientific method that is appropriate for the level of the sample and the nature of the game, and the aids used, contributed to the development of the characteristics of agility, motor balance, and dribbling skills, thus positively reflecting on the level of the members of the experimental group.

The Verti Max device is an effective device for sports training in all sports in general, and volleyball in particular. It works to develop the muscle's ability to contract with high intensity and also at high speed. This is suitable for performing most, if not all, modern volleyball skills, which require intense contraction and high speed, such as the volleyball smash skill. The problem lies in the fact that most coaches of this activity resort to training this skill as a single skill without linking it to another skill, or they do not choose different positions to perform this skill. We note that many players can perform one skill independently, but when linked to another skill, the level of performance decreases significantly. The research aims to develop exercises using the Verti Max device for volleyball players in the two experimental groups. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equivalent experimental groups. The sample consisted of (12) players from the Al-Hussainiya Sports Club for the 2024-2025 season. The following conclusions were concluded: There is a clear improvement in the response speed of the experimental group compared to the control group. Verti Max exercises have a positive impact on developing the explosive power of the legs and arms of the experimental group. The combined exercises for developing the explosive power of the legs and arms led to an integrated performance of the skill of smashing and blocking, as achieved by the dimensional measurement of the experimental group.

During her years of study in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Kufa and her constant presence with the supervisors in field lessons, the researcher noted the presence of some obstacles in teaching the 4 x 100m relay running activity. These obstacles included the lack of support tools in the classroom, with only simple tools available. This impacted the specification of exercises by the subject's teachers. The research aims to: prepare compound exercises, provide supportive aids, and identify the effect of compound exercises using supportive aids on some biokinetic abilities and technical performance of female students in the 4 x 100m relay event. The most important conclusions are: The duration and number of units allocated to teaching the 4 x 100m relay event were sufficient to bring about positive changes in the studied research variables. The development of the research variables had a significant impact on the development of technical performance in the female students' 4 x 100m relay event. The compound exercises contributed to improving the students' muscular strength, which helps prevent common sports injuries in relay races.

Self-talk is an important psychological factor that influences athletic performance, as it is used as a means of self-motivation and enhancing confidence. In team sports such as volleyball, self-talk can significantly impact individual and group performance. This research aims to study the effect of a set of exercises to help develop self-talk and basic skills for female volleyball students. The research problem was that many female students in physical education had difficulty acquiring the required basic skills and performing exercises efficiently.
The researcher aimed to develop specific exercises using tools to help develop self-talk and basic volleyball skills for female students. The research population included 20 third-year female students at the College of Education for Girls. They were divided into two groups: 10 students in the experimental group and 10 students in the control group. Questionnaires were used to measure self-talk, and tests were used to assess basic skills. A training program including self-talk exercises and the skills studied was administered to the experimental group for six weeks, while the control group continued training provided by the subject instructor for the same period. The research results showed that the auxiliary exercises had a positive effect on self-talk, leading to improved basic volleyball skills. Therefore, enhancing self-talk is considered an essential part of sports training.
The most important recommendations were: The auxiliary exercises proved effective in improving the level of positive self-talk among students, which positively impacted psychological and skill performance, enhancing the students' ability to perform basic volleyball skills more efficiently.

The research aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment of primary school principals, the level of job stability of physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, and the relationship between administrative empowerment and job stability. A descriptive survey approach was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The sample included physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate, numbering (409) individuals. To collect data, the researchers used two scales for administrative empowerment and job stability, after verifying their validity and reliability. The data were processed using (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, alpha coefficient, and Pearson correlation coefficient) using the bag. (SPSS statistics). The researchers concluded that there was a high level of administrative empowerment, an average level of job stability, and no significant relationship between the dimensions of administrative empowerment and the types of job stability. This was accompanied by a significant negative relationship between delegation of authority and administrative stability. A significant relationship also appeared between delegation of authority and financial stability, and between teamwork and both administrative and financial stability. The researchers recommend encouraging teachers to face challenges to demonstrate their empowerment, and not marginalizing teachers from the planning process and participating in decision-making to ensure their stability in school.

In order to achieve the research objectives, namely, classifying and selecting junior players according to the most important physical, motor, and motor abilities of junior basketball players in Iraq for the 2018-2019 sports season, the researchers had to take a set of procedures and measures to identify the factors that saturated the batteries. To this end, the descriptive approach was used, and the research sample was defined as (90) junior basketball players representing various specialized schools. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to process the data. Statistics after conducting physical and motor tests and body measurements. In light of the results, the following conclusions were reached:
1- In light of the measurements and tests related to the physical determinants and abilities studied, junior basketball players were classified into three categories representing the playing positions.
2- As a result of the factorial study of the determinants and abilities studied, three test batteries were derived, each representing a specific category of junior basketball players.

The aim of the research was to develop educational units based on the ADDIE educational model using visual reinforcement tools and to identify the effect of ADDIE using visual reinforcement tools on students' learning of some football skills. The aim was to identify the superiority of the experimental and control groups in students' learning of some football skills. The researchers used the experimental approach because it suited the objectives and hypotheses of the research to the nature of the problem. The researchers defined the research community intentionally, consisting of 174 students from Al-Sudair Second Complementary School for Boys in the General Directorate of Education in Salah al-Din for the 2024-2025 academic year, divided into three classes. An experimental design was used for two equal, independent groups. The research sample was systematically randomly selected, comprising 30 students, 15 from Class A to represent the experimental group, and 15 from Class B to represent the control group. One of the most important findings of the research is the increased skill proficiency of students taught using the ADDIE model, as they demonstrated significant improvement in their skill performance in soccer compared to the other groups. This indicates the model's effectiveness in enhancing practical learning. One of the most important recommendations is to benefit from the application of the ADDIE model using visual reinforcement methods to maximize the educational process.

The research aimed to reveal the level of application of values-based leadership behaviors by the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and to reveal the level of possession of moral self-efficacy characteristics by physical education supervisors in the Educational Supervision Department. It also aimed to identify the nature of the relationship and impact of the educational supervision department director's possession of values-based leadership behaviors on the moral self-efficacy of physical education supervisors. The researcher relied on the descriptive approach using survey and correlation methods. The researcher defined the research community as educational supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department of the Nineveh Education Directorate, numbering (455). The main research sample included all members of the research community using a comprehensive inventory method. To collect the necessary data for the research, the researcher conducted a survey. By preparing two questionnaires, the first to measure the level of values-based leadership of the director of the Educational Supervision Department, and the second to measure the level of moral self-efficacy of the department's physical education supervisors. After administering the two questionnaires and extracting the results, the researcher obtained a set of conclusions:
- The high score on the values-based leadership questionnaire for the director of the Educational Supervision Department reflects the director's success in establishing a positive and sustainable work environment based on ethical values. This environment enhances the trust and loyalty of supervisors, improves performance and productivity, contributes to building a prestigious image for the department, and lays a strong foundation for continuous development and improvement.
- The high score on the moral self-efficacy questionnaire for the physical education supervisors working in the Educational Supervision Department reflects their high level of confidence and commitment to ethical values, which qualifies them to make sound and responsible decisions that contribute to achieving the goals of physical education and promoting integrity in the educational field.

The research problem was identified as the lack of modern, competitive methods among middle school students using the station method, which contribute to raising the level of physical and psychological fitness of the student. The research aims to develop a set of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method to develop speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students, and to examine the effect of competitive CrossFit exercises using the station method on developing speed-based strength and psychological endurance for middle school students. The researcher used the single experimental group method with pre- and post-tests. The process of determining the sample chosen by the researcher according to his research problem is one of the important steps to achieve his goals and hypotheses. The researcher chose his research sample from the students of Al-Hillah Intermediate School for Boys for the academic year (2024-2025), numbering (36) students, with (12) players for each stage. After that, the sample was tested with pre-tests for the researched (physical and psychological) abilities. After that, competitive CrossFit exercises were applied using the stations method, where the application period lasted two months, with (3) lessons per week, and the total curriculum amounted to (24) sessions. The researcher concluded that competitive CrossFit exercises using the stations method had a direct impact on developing the distinctive speed strength and psychological endurance of intermediate school students in Babil Governorate.

The individual blocking skill for volleyball players is an important skill in the process of defending the court. It is the team's first line of defense and an effective offensive weapon at the same time. A team with a good blocking skill will end the match in its favor early. Biomechanics is an important science in the correct application of sports exercises through a number of physical and skill exercises to develop some biomechanical variables, which can be identified through the precise motor path of the skill. The goal is to investigate the effect of physical and skill training on developing some biomechanical variables and the technical performance of the individual blocking skill for volleyball players. The conclusions are: The researcher observed a progression in the angular velocity of the body from maximum flexion until the moment of release from the ground, and in the vertical kinetic energy (m/s/km) from maximum flexion until reaching the highest height. There was also a progression in the variables of total time, displacement, vertical velocity (m/s/km), knee joint angular velocity, trunk angular velocity, and vertical momentum.

The research aims to:
Identify the level of administrative excellence among sports club presidents in the center of Nineveh Governorate. The descriptive survey approach was used, and the study sample included (72) members of the administrative bodies of clubs in the center of Nineveh Governorate. To obtain data, the Al-Saqi and Al-Mawla scale (2021) was adopted and applied after meeting the scientific requirements of validity and reliability. The data were statistically processed using the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, Spearman-Brown equation, Gitman equation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the level of administrative excellence among club presidents in the center of Nineveh Governorate appeared at an average level from the perspective of their administrative members.
The researcher recommends:
The necessity of building organizational structures for clubs that are consistent with the requirements of administrative excellence.
- Attention should be paid to selecting administrative leaders to manage sports clubs in a manner consistent with achieving administrative excellence in the management of sports clubs.

Sports medicine specialists and psychologists have focused on the psychological rehabilitation of retired athletes with knee osteoarthritis after a lifetime of dedicated football careers, to improve their psychological well-being. The research problem was that the most damaged joint is the knee joint, and what they suffer in their daily lives from difficulty of movement, not providing for their daily needs, severe pain in this joint, and limited movement, in addition to the psychological aspect they have after they were famous in this game and their position in society, especially the sports community. The most important objectives of the research were to prepare a psychological approach to rehabilitate knee joint effusion for retired soccer players, and to identify the effect of this psychological approach in rehabilitating knee joint effusion for retired soccer players. The experimental approach was used using the (one group) method because it is suitable for the research problem, and the researchers defined the research community as retired soccer players who suffer from knee joint effusion in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate, numbering (10) players, and they were presented to the doctor* for the purpose of conducting a clinical examination for the purpose of accurate medical diagnosis and determining the degree of pain and type of injury. The examination showed that two of the injured retired players suffer from other diseases, which led to their exclusion, and thus the research sample became (8) players only. The most important conclusions of this study were that the psychological approach had a positive impact on the rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis in retired soccer players. There was a clear and positive improvement in the psychological aspect of retired soccer players through the psychological sessions adopted in the curriculum developed by the researchers. The most important recommendations were the need to emphasize the inclusion of psychological sessions in training curricula, given its significant psychological impact on players in general and injured players in particular.

This research addresses the use of training exercises in conjunction with the training tool to develop some handball skills and physical attributes for juniors through the application of the exercises. The first chapter includes an introduction to the research and its importance. It also discusses the development of handball and how to keep pace with this development through the use of various training methods to achieve optimal performance. It also highlights the importance of using these methods, as well as the objectives, hypotheses, and scope. The third chapter covers the field research procedures, using the appropriate research methodology, the most important tools and tests, and understanding the scientific foundations of testing. The exploratory experiment was conducted, and the exercises were applied according to scientific principles with the help of sources and references. The post-tests were then conducted and statistically processed. The fourth chapter then presented, analyzed, and discussed the results obtained. The following conclusions were reached: The exercises accompanying the tool have a positive effect on developing some physical attributes and basic handball skills.

The development in sports sciences and the large number of methods used by specialists for sports exercise and make them enter into many areas of scientific and practical life and the health aspect of the largest percentage of them and it is no secret that this aspect of great importance in human life where several sciences have emerged that have paid great attention to it, and among these sciences (sports and rehabilitation medicine) in the field of treatment or rehabilitation of athlete and non-athlete injuries, including spinal injuries (lumbar vertebrae), which is one of the common and important injuries that Athletes, including handball players, are exposed to it due to the large number of movement in the vertebrae and because of the high effort in the matches and the lack of physical preparation for the player. The (5) vertebrae are the axis of all movements and the center of gravity of the body's support. Means have been found to treat these injuries (medical treatments), in addition to rehabilitation programs, including low-intensity laser and ultrasound devices to speed up recovery or to avoid surgery that may be dangerous. Hence the importance of therapeutic exercises with low-intensity laser and ultrasound devices to reduce pain relief and work to remove them by strengthening the muscle groups working on the lower back using rehabilitation exercises, as this combination worked on the correction and restoration of cartilage, we assume that the use of low-intensity laser and ultrasound has a positive effect on the first and second group of handball players The research sample consisted of (8) players of Al-Muthanna Governorate clubs in handball, The experimental method was used, but the research tools included lasers, ultrasound and information form, while the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient and T test were used. The study found an improvement in the strength of the back and abdominal muscles and the range of motion of the spine that used low-intensity lasers compared to the group that used ultrasound.

This research examines the reality of inspirational leadership among Scout leaders in the Baghdad Education Directorates and its importance in developing the Scout Movement. The research highlights the role of inspirational leadership in guiding Scout Troops toward achieving desired goals, focusing on four main axes: self-confidence, leadership behavior, strategic orientation, sensitivity to change, and empowerment and challenge. The study aims to measure the level of inspirational leadership from the perspective of Scout Troop members and determine the impact of this leadership on personality and skill development. The results showed that Scout leaders possess a good level of inspirational leadership, with variations in some axes, reflecting the need to enhance these capabilities. The researcher recommended the need to raise the level of inspirational leadership and disseminate the study results to other leaders to benefit from them in developing the Scout Movement and enhancing its ability to adapt to rapid changes.

Chapter One addresses the importance and problem of the research, as the motor groups of kicks play a significant and essential role in attacking due to their ability to utilize large muscle groups, particularly those found in the legs, to produce significant force and speed, which can be effectively employed in skillful and tactical performance. Chapter Two addressed the research sample. The sample was intentionally selected from players at the National Center for Taekwondo Talent at the Ministry of Youth and Sports, and included (10) players. Chapter Three presented and discussed the results of the physical variables between the pre- and post-tests, revealing differences in favor of the post-test. Chapter Four concluded that the training program designed using electroanalysis was highly effective in developing the speed and accuracy of the front-leg snap kick among advanced taekwondo players. The researcher recommends that trainers implement the proposed training program on a wider scale to train taekwondo players of other categories, with the aim of developing the speed and accuracy of other kicks and skills.

The importance of exercises must be taken into consideration in terms of their quality, quantity, and performance in order to equip the player with the specific motor abilities and technical performance needed for backstroke swimming. Special exercises are important for developing physical fitness and technical performance, as they increase player motivation due to their excitement and suspense. They also help shorten the time required for learning, save effort, and provide the tools needed to teach backstroke swimming. Thus, the importance of this research lies in the effect of special exercises on some biokinetic abilities and the achievement of 100m backstroke swimming for youth. After reviewing numerous coaching programs, the researcher found that they paid little attention to developing the physical aspects represented by biokinetic abilities. As a result, the results of most young swimmers do not reach the level they aspire to. The research aims to develop specific exercises to develop the biokinetic abilities of 100m backstroke swimmers and to determine their impact. The researchers concluded that the specific exercises have a positive impact on developing some biokinetic abilities in young people, leading to improved performance in the 100m backstroke as a result of developing these biokinetic abilities.

Offensive positions are considered the cornerstone of the game of football. This research focused on developing playing methods through specific exercises that serve performance. The problem with this research lies in the failure of some coaches to use exercises that are based on the interaction of energy production systems, particularly specific exercises. The more the team is distinguished by its possession of high physical and skill capabilities, the more this leads to an improvement in the team's level. The best, which calls for the need to pay attention to the physical and skill capabilities of young soccer players. This study aimed to identify the impact of specific exercises on developing performance endurance and contributing to a decrease in lactate levels in young soccer players. The study concluded that specific exercises have a positive impact on lactate levels, performance endurance, and offensive situations in soccer players. The study recommended that the use of specific exercises to develop lactate levels, performance endurance, and offensive playing situations has a positive impact on improving the playing level of soccer players.

The research aimed to identify the level of administrative values in the Iraqi Basketball Federation from the perspective of administrative leaders. A case study approach was adopted, based on the descriptive approach, on a randomly selected sample of (200) individuals, representing (80%) of the original community, represented by administrative leaders related to the Iraqi Basketball Federations who are continuing to work for the academic year (2024/2025), totaling (250) individuals. They are distributed by nature within the administrative bodies of these administrative formations, based on the fact that they are the community of the phenomenon being studied in the research problem itself. The exploratory sample was also randomly selected from the research community. The administrative values scale was adopted, tested exploratoryly, and then the survey was conducted and the results processed using the (SPSS) system to reach conclusions. The Iraqi Basketball Federation possesses a high level of Acceptable administrative values from the perspective of the federation's administrative leaders. From the perspective of the administrative leaders of the Iraqi Basketball Federation, the federation has achieved an advanced level of social and human values that elevate administrative values. Raising the level of administrative values for sports activities requires attention to supporting the values of competition and investing in opportunities for employees, from the perspective of the administrative leaders of the Iraqi Basketball Federation.

Physical education represents an effective tool for improving and developing learners' skills within the educational system. The method of group competition using small games contributes to enhancing the learning of motor skills, including the skills of serving and receiving in volleyball. The research aims to design a set of small games based on the group competition method for teaching the skills of serving and receiving in volleyball to second-year female students. It aims to determine the effect of small games using the group competition method on learning the skills of serving and receiving in volleyball for second-year female students. It also aims to determine the effectiveness of the traditional method and the method based on small games based on group competition in teaching the skills of serving and receiving in volleyball for second-year female students. The research community represents second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Diyala for the academic year. 2024/2025, with a total of (80) female students distributed across two academic sections. The research sample was randomly selected, comprising (30) female students, who were randomly distributed into two equal groups: an experimental group comprising (15) female students, and a control group comprising (15) female students.

The importance of this research lies in the use of various types of exercises directed at serving the technical performance of the skill and understanding the impact of these exercises on the biomechanical capabilities of basketball players, achieving positive development based on sound scientific principles consistent with these variables. Therefore, the researcher sought to find the highly significant effect of these specific exercises using assistive devices according to biokinematic variables on jump and ladder shooting in basketball for under-17 players. The research aims to develop specific exercises using assistive devices according to the biokinematic variables for jump and ladder shooting in basketball for players under 17 years of age. The sample included (12) youth basketball players from Al-Hilla Club.

Emotional balance is an important and pivotal characteristic that contributes to achieving professional and personal success. Its importance is particularly evident among teachers, as the educational and pedagogical work environment is characterized by ongoing obstacles and challenges, requiring a high ability to effectively manage emotions and interactions. An emotionally balanced teacher is one who is able to control their reactions, adapt to different situations, and maintain their calm under pressure. This positively impacts their educational performance and their relationships with their students and colleagues in classrooms, where situations unfold and challenges overlap. The teacher himself faces countless challenges and decisions, from managing a student's unexpected behavior to modifying a lesson plan on the spot or dealing with a parent's complaint. Every day brings with it a torrent of choices that require wisdom and quick thinking. Here, the value of making decisions with emotional balance emerges. It is not just a skill; it is the essence of insight that enables the teacher to navigate the volatile educational process with peace. Furthermore, emotional imbalance in the teacher can lead to numerous negative outcomes, such as chronic stress, poor concentration, rash decision-making, and even burnout. Conversely, emotional balance enables the teacher to deal with difficult student behavior, administrative pressures, and curriculum changes with competence and calm, creating a positive and supportive learning environment.

The current research aims to identify:
The reality of organizational success in its dimensions (efficiency, effectiveness, and job satisfaction) at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Hamdaniya from the perspective of faculty members.
The researchers used the descriptive approach with a survey method due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample included (37) faculty members. To achieve the research objective, the researchers used the Al-Taie questionnaire (2022) with its dimensions (efficiency, effectiveness, and job satisfaction). Its validity and reliability were verified. To process the data statistically, the researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, and percentages. The researchers also used the statistical package (SPSS). The researchers reached the following conclusions:
1- Faculty members in the College and Departments of Physical Education possess a high level of organizational success and its dimensions.
2- The paragraphs on the dimensions of organizational success were scored as follows:
The level of the competency dimension paragraphs, from the perspective of faculty members at Al-Hamdaniya University, was (very high - high), except for paragraphs with sequences (10, 22), which were at an average level. The effectiveness dimension factors, from the perspective of faculty members at Al-Hamdaniya University, were scored (high - medium), except for paragraph with sequence (2), which was scored (very high). The job satisfaction dimension factors, from the perspective of faculty members at Al-Hamdaniya University, were scored (high - medium).

This study aims to shed light on the extent to which the administrative bodies of these clubs possess knowledge management concepts and their ability to utilize information technology to achieve high administrative efficiency that keeps pace with recent changes in the world of management and sports. The research problem focused on the existence of a gap in the administrative work of some administrative bodies of Iraqi Premier League clubs. This gap can be summarized through several questions, including: To what extent do members of the administrative bodies possess knowledge management skills? And to what extent is information technology used in administrative work within the clubs? The study aimed to develop measures (administrative efficiency, knowledge management, and information technology) for members of the administrative bodies of Iraqi Premier League football clubs, identify the values and scope of each measure, identify the relationship and contribution rates between knowledge management and information technology to administrative efficiency, and derive a predictive equation for this. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach using the correlational approach, as it is appropriate for the nature of the problem and the objectives of the research. The research community consisted of (180) members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi Premier League football clubs, who were selected using a comprehensive inventory method. The conclusions include that the study's measures (administrative efficiency, knowledge management, and information technology) prepared by the researcher have a significant impact on measuring the administrative efficiency, knowledge management, and information technology of the members of the administrative bodies of the Iraqi Premier League football clubs, and that both knowledge management and information technology contribute independently to predicting the level of administrative efficiency.

The research problem focused on two main axes. The first is the low level of physical abilities among young handball players, through a questionnaire for this group. The second axis of the research is an attempt to achieve a high level of functional efficiency for the most important physiological indicators and speed of complex motor performance through lactic skill exercises prepared by the researchers for the target group. The research aimed to: develop lactic skill exercises to develop the most important physiological variables and the speed of performing a complex movement set for young handball players. Identify the effect of using lactic skill exercises on developing the most important physiological variables, biomotor capabilities, and the speed of performing complex movement sets for young handball players.
The second chapter addressed the theoretical material related to all research variables, as well as previous studies similar to the current study.
The researchers used the experimental method to solve the research problem. The research community was defined as the Kufa Youth Handball Club players for the 2024-2025 season, totaling (19) players.
The most important conclusions are: The members of the experimental group, which used the lactic skill exercises, outperformed the members of the control group in the studied variables in the post-tests. The lactic skill exercises contributed significantly to the process of improving the variables studied by the researchers in handball among the target sample in the research.

The research aims to determine the importance of strategic intelligence in enabling administrative creativity in developing the human resources of employees in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The topic of the research problem revolves around the importance of giving in the work of the concept of strategic intelligence and the pursuit of important competitive positions and advanced organizations and research departments. A hypothetical study plan was adopted, which was determined by reading the literature of the entire research problem, the research objectives, and its hypotheses. The researcher used the usual descriptive analytical approach to generate results. The questionnaire was the primary tool for collecting data and information related to the field aspect of the research. The research community included employees of the Ministry of Youth and Sports departments (the Education Department Physical Education and Sports, Department of Regional and Provincial Affairs), with a total of (792) employees. The research sample was randomly drawn by lottery, totaling (206) employees. The research yielded a set of conclusions and proposals, the most important of which is that strategic intelligence works well in making beneficial decisions, resulting in strategic excellence, developing real performance, and contributing to enhancing job creativity. The research also revealed the existence of meaningful, significant correlations between the research variables, and the possibility of predicting the achievement of job creativity among employees in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The researcher recommended leveraging the importance of strategic intelligence in developing and strengthening job creativity in government institutions. He also emphasized the development of an administrative performance approach by establishing the rules and foundations of strategies within the ministry, which have a purposeful and pioneering importance in achieving the concepts of job creativity.

Brainstorming is one of the methods used in modern education, as it provides the potential to accommodate individual differences among students and support their interaction with the educational content. This method relies on motivating students by utilizing their prior knowledge, which enhances understanding and leads to better results in artistic gymnastics performance. The importance of this method is heightened by the nature of the required skills, which rely on precision, focus, and theoretical knowledge. Hence, the study's problem arose, relating to the difficulty students face in learning motor skills. This prompted the researcher to use a brainstorming strategy to facilitate the learning of these skills.

An ACL injury often occurs as a result of sudden movements, an unbalanced landing after a jump, a quick stop, or direct contact with another player. This injury is characterized by a long period of treatment and rehabilitation, which may extend to six months or more, which leads to the player being away from the stadiums for a long time and may adversely affect his physical and psychological level. The importance of the research lies in the fact that it deals with an injury that is one of the most serious sports injuries and the most influential in sports performance, especially among the youth who represent the basic base for the future of football. The problem of the research is to observe the frequency of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among young football players in the clubs of Babylon governorate, which leads to the absence of players for long periods and the loss of teams of important elements, in addition to the health, psychological and economic burdens resulting from the injury. The research aims to identify the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among young football players in Babylon governorate clubs, analyze the factors leading to the occurrence of injury (physical, technical, environmental, training), and identify the most playing situations in which injury occurs. The research assumes that there is a statistically significant relationship between the intensity of the training load and the high rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and there is a relationship between the weakness of the muscle strength surrounding the knee joint and the incidence of injury, and the likelihood of injury increases during competitions compared to training units. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach in his survey and analytical style, to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample was deliberately selected from the players of the youth categories in a number of clubs in Babylon governorate, and the number of members of the sample was 60 players. The research concluded that the training, physical, environmental, technical and skill factors are among the most prominent influences in increasing the likelihood of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young football players in Babylon governorate clubs, and the results of the questionnaire showed that the injured players have a clear awareness of the factors affecting the injury, as the arithmetic averages came relatively high in all axes, and it turned out that the relatively low standard deviation reflects the homogeneity of opinions among the sample, which enhances the reliability of the questionnaire and research results, and the results emphasize the importance of taking into account comprehensive and integrated prevention programs to reduce injuries, including physical training, muscle strengthening, developing the right technique، And control the playing environment. The research recommends focusing on physical prevention programs: strengthening the muscular strength of the front and back thighs, improving balance and flexibility to reduce the risk of injury, technical and skill training: teaching players how to land correctly, safe change in directions, and implement skills in a proper way to reduce injuries, improving the playing environment: choosing suitable floors, paying attention to playground maintenance, using appropriate sneakers, training load planning: adjusting the number of training units and the intensity of the training load commensurate with the ability of players to reduce stress and injury.

The importance of this research lies in improving the level of tennis players, especially in terms of muscular strength endurance and basic offensive skills for junior players, using an appropriate training method—contrast training—which has proven successful in various sports.
The objectives of the research were:
- To identify the effect of the contrast training method in developing muscular strength endurance and some basic skills of junior tennis players.
The most important conclusions were:
- The contrast training method is one of the important and effective methods in developing muscular strength endurance and some basic skills of junior tennis players.
The study recommended:
- Adopting the contrast training method because it is an important and effective approach for developing muscular strength and endurance and some basic skills of junior tennis players