Police College Journal of Security and Community Sciences

Good governance has become an administrative requirement that has attracted considerable attention from countries and organizations of all kinds, given the many advantages it offers. It represents a set of laws and procedures that control the management of operations and activities to achieve sustainable crisis management. The study examined the concept of governance and its importance, the reasons for its emergence, its standards, and the requirements for its application. The study concluded that governance is the system and method through which modern administrative trends are built, through a set of rules and laws that regulate the relationships between the key parties in the state and society.

Given that innovative leadership strategies occupy prominent administrative areas, they have received significant attention, particularly in the scope of crisis management. This study aimed to analyze the impact of artificial intelligence and its role in rapid decision-making and enhancing community security. In the scope of reviewing the importance of innovative leadership, this research highlighted the role of leaders in developing a culture of innovation and generating creative ideas within the scope of their security role and function. To achieve maximum benefit, the study relied on a descriptive and analytical approach, yielding a set of results that demonstrated a positive relationship between innovative leadership and competitive advantage. This underscores the importance of adopting leadership strategies that support positive thinking and enhance the role of innovation in achieving and controlling community security. The study also reached a set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the role of innovative leadership in achieving community security.

Since the beginning of the last century, the country has been experiencing various crises, the most serious of which have been security crises. These crises are so serious that they undermine the security and stability of the state. They began with sectarian war and reached the point where ISIS threatened the stability of Iraq and the entire region. Security crises are unexpected and dangerous situations that threaten the stability of the state or institution. They require quick and effective responses from security agencies and are characterized by a sudden escalation of events, which requires concerted security and non-security efforts to contain them and limit their repercussions. In this research, the researcher attempts to identify the methods of governance in the Ministry of Interior and their relationship to the leadership role in confronting security crises. The research problem is represented by the following question: Is there knowledge or commitment on the part of security leaders to the dimensions of governance when making decisions in the event of security crises? Is there a correlation between governance in the Ministry of Interior and security leadership in dealing with security crises? Based on the above problem, the researcher set some objectives that he will seek to achieve using statistical methods with the help of statistical software.
The objectives of the research were
1- To develop a governance scale for the Ministry of Interior by determining the extent of genuine participation of all elements of the ministry in the decision-making process.
2- To identify the level of governance in policing by embodying its principles in the management of human, financial, legal, and other resources.
3- To develop a measure of security leadership in the Ministry of Interior in dealing with security crises.
4- To identify the level of security leadership among senior officers and commanders in dealing with security crises in the Ministry of Interior.
5- Measuring the nature of the correlation between governance in the Ministry of Interior and leadership in facing security crises. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to arrive at the results using the Fakeronbach equation, with governance stability reaching was 0.964 and the stability of leadership was 0.970 on a sample of 40, which is a very good level of stability. As for the differences in demographic factors and variables, there were no significant differences in all demographic variables, whether for the governance or leadership scale. The study achieved all five of its objectives, and the research concluded that officers with ranks from lieutenant colonel to brigadier general have high levels of governance and leadership, as the statistical results indicated that governance and leadership are significant for them. The research also found a positive correlation between governance and leadership: the higher the governance, the higher the leadership, and vice versa. The research was applied to a sample of 113 officers out of 174 officers, with a hypothetical average of of 120. The research also reached some conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

The concept of security leadership is a vital element in ensuring community stability and strengthening the state's ability to face multiple security challenges, especially in a complex environment like Iraq. Security institutions in Iraq face recurring and diverse crises that require effective leadership possessing the necessary skills and expertise to manage these situations efficiently and competently.
Effective security leadership is not merely about issuing orders and directives; it goes beyond that to include the ability to make sound decisions at the right time, strategic planning, coordination among various security and civil agencies, as well as maintaining the highest standards of discipline and professionalism. Leadership plays an important role in building trust between security institutions and citizens, which positively reflects on overall stability.
In Iraq, we have witnessed multiple leadership models that demonstrated a high capacity to handle security crises efficiently through swift and well-considered actions, appropriate resource allocation, and effective cooperation with government and civil entities. These leaders were able to create an organized institutional work environment based on transparency and accountability, which contributed to improving the performance of security institutions and enhancing their crisis response capabilities.
Furthermore, effective security leadership contributes to the development of crisis management plans that consider the specific characteristics of Iraq’s security environment, which faces multiple threats such as terrorism, societal unrest, and natural disasters. These plans rely on flexibility and adaptability to new developments, which require trained and aware leaders.
Despite the challenges, Iraq possesses a strong base of security leadership that can be developed and supported through continuous training programs and providing a sound governance environment that ensures respect for laws and activates oversight mechanisms. Enhancing these leaders and providing the necessary institutional support represent two fundamental pillars for successful security crisis management and achieving security and stability In the country.
In conclusion, the Iraqi experience confirms that effective security leadership represents the core element in enhancing the management of security crises, and investing in the development of such leadership, alongside building security institutions governed by good governance, is the optimal way to achieve sustainable security in Iraq.

This study aims to highlight the importance and effectiveness of state institutional governance and the selection of competent leaders and managers to implement it. It emphasizes the need for appropriate planning through sound administrative and field procedures that reinforce the principles of national institutional systems and prioritize the public interest above any personal or factional considerations. The researcher addresses the topic by analyzing the key elements required for achieving institutional governance. These include transparency in operations, participatory management and decision-making, accountability without selectivity, anti-corruption measures, ensuring justice, and developing rapid response mechanisms to improve citizen services and satisfaction. Additionally, the study discusses the main regulations that make institutional governance an effective tool in the strategic plans of state ministries. These regulations include both external factors—such as the economic environment and the general climate of the state—and internal factors, represented by the institutional procedures that together create a solid institutional system characterized by high productivity and citizen satisfaction.
The researcher concludes that reinforcing and activating the principle of governance within state institutions, especially the Ministry of Interior
through institutionalization, participation, and involving the private sector in ministry services, along with providing the necessary technological tools and specialized human resources—will enhance the ministry's efficiency and service integration. This will also enable the ministry to be well-prepared and highly capable of professionally and effectively responding to future crises and disasters.

The wise leadership is one of the main pillars in crisis management, as it is based on the principles of transparency, accountability, participation and the rule of law, ensuring the ability to face emergency challenges effectively and efficiently. And make the right decisions based on accurate data. It is also a leader in crisis management by developing proactive plans and coordinating efforts between public institutions and utilities and managing them with high wisdom, as well as communicating with the community, raising awareness and building confidence and strengthening it. Thus, the wise leadership overcomes all challenges and transforms crises and threats into opportunities for learning and development

This study examines the relationship between good governance and economic crises in Iraq from 2005 to 2022, focusing on how the weakness of core governance principles—such as transparency, accountability, and the rule of law—has undermined the country's capacity to respond effectively to major economic shocks. These include the Global Financial Crisis (2008), the dual crisis of the ISIS conflict and the oil price collapse (2014-2016), and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020).
The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining a theoretical analysis of good governance principles with quantitative analysis using a multiple ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. This model assesses the impact of the World Governance Indicators (WGI) on key macroeconomic variables, including GDP growth, government expenditure, and the trade balance.
The findings reveal a statistically significant positive effect of good governance on economic growth (β = 2.845, p < 0.05), with the multivariate model explaining 71.2% of the variance in GDP growth. Notably, weak anti-corruption mechanisms emerge as a critical factor exacerbating economic vulnerabilities, with an estimated 20-30% of oil revenues lost to mismanagement and corruption. Based on these insights, the study proposes a comprehensive governance reform framework aimed at enhancing economic resilience.

This study dealt with a crucial topic, which is the impact of effect on national security (an analytical study), as they are a direct threat to the stability of the state and its internal and external safety. Where crises - whether political, economic, social or health – lead To weaken the ability of state institutions to perform their basic functions in protecting citizens and maintaining public security. Crises can cause internal disturbances such as protests, escalation of crime, or the spread of chaos. They can also weaken the economy and lead to a loss of confidence between the people and the government, on the external level, It may make the state more vulnerable to foreign interference or attacks, especially if this is accompanied by a weakness in the defense structure or a collapse in international alliances. In addition, crises affect the cohesion of the national community, It can increase ethnic, sectarian, or political divisions, which threatens national unity, and the longer the crisis lasts or its management is ineffective and legal texts are not properly employed for the purpose of balancing between preserving the entity of the state and the freedom of citizens, the greater the risk of it turning into a direct threat to comprehensive national security: Political, economic, social and military security, where advance planning and efficient crisis management - legal management - are considered essential elements for enhancing the state’s steadfastness and protecting its national security in the face of challenges, through proactive forecasting. Events by collecting and analyzing information and developing preventive solutions to remedy the events and reduce damages of various kinds, as well as addressing the effects that occur after the end of the crisis.

The importance of psychological fortification in enhancing national security and societal peace is highlighted, especially in light of the multiple crises facing countries and societies. Security efforts often focus on military and legal aspects, neglecting the psychological dimension, which forms the foundation of resilience and stability. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach to reveal the role of psychological fortification as an effective tool in empowering individuals, especially those working in security agencies, to face pressures and challenges with flexibility and poise. The research also uses a comparative approach when studying the experiences of some countries with psychological fortification programs.
The importance of the research is also evident in its focus on Iraq, which has faced political, economic, and security crises that have affected its stability and citizens' confidence in institutions. The research confirms that psychological fortification represents a fundamental pillar for enhancing societal resilience in light of internal, regional, and international challenges, including geopolitical crises and the COVID-19 pandemic. The research also seeks to enrich security psychology studies by integrating the psychological dimension into the national security system and developing training programs that enhance individual resilience. The research aims to clarify the concept of psychological fortification and its theoretical and applied dimensions, demonstrate its relationship to national security and community peace, and review the psychological fortification methods adopted in the scientific literature. The research covers the Arab region, with a special focus on Iraq, covering the period from 2019 to 2025. It relies on a review of previous studies, official reports, national documents, and research from international organizations.
The results indicate that effective psychological fortification programs combine social support, adaptive skills training, and psychological awareness, which contribute to reducing violence and crime, enhancing social cohesion, and reducing sectarian and ethnic conflicts. School and community interventions also support individual resilience and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression. The success of programs requires community engagement, staff training, and ensuring sustained funding, so that psychological fortification becomes an essential element in building a cohesive personality and achieving social security and stability.

Drug abuse is a criminal problem facing all culturally advanced societies. Despite efforts to combat it, it continues to increase. Statistics on deviance and crime indicate a significant increase in the number of cases of various types of deviant behavior among children and adults. Drug abuse has invaded schools, colleges, and businesses to the point that the phenomenon has become a problem threatening the very fabric of society with corruption, dissolution, and destruction.
The study provides a theoretical and analytical overview to reveal the true impact of drug abuse and trafficking on organized crime and behavioral deviance in society. The study presents a review and analytical reading of several previous academic studies and research published in Arab and international journals and reports of international organizations (UNODC). This review highlights patterns and trends related to drug abuse and crime, their relationship with different models, and the effects of drug abuse on various crimes. The study provides a cognitive, research, and theoretical framework for employing modern statistical methods in security and societal analysis, supporting decision-makers with reliable quantitative results that help formulate drug and crime control policies and enhance scientific research in the field of applied security statistics. Data analysis on drug use and trafficking rates, and crime rates in recent years. Appropriate statistical models (such as multiple linear regression) were used. The study included selecting the governorates (Baghdad, Basra, Dhi Qar, and Nineveh). Data were obtained from the Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Narcotics Control), the Ministry of Health, the Central Statistical Organization, and crime databases for recent years. The results showed that Baghdad Governorate recorded the highest rates in all dimensions (psychological, health, social, economic, and security) compared to other governorates.

This research addresses crimes that occur during periods of crisis and disaster, such as epidemics, wars, and natural disasters, and highlights the administrative and criminal mechanisms for confronting these criminal phenomena. The research begins by identifying the nature of these crimes, which differ from ordinary crimes in terms of their motives and context.
These crimes often result from exploiting the state of chaos, weak security surveillance, and people's dire need, leading to an increase in crimes such as theft, looting, commercial fraud, and monopoly, in addition to other crimes targeting aid and relief.
The study concludes that combating crimes during crises requires an integrated approach between administrative efforts and criminal mechanisms. Relying on one aspect alone is not sufficient. It recommends developing emergency plans that include both security and legal aspects, and clearly define roles and responsibilities, to ensure a rapid and effective response to such exceptional circumstances.
This integration aims to achieve dual deterrence: preventive deterrence that prevents the occurrence of crime, and punitive deterrence that punishes those who have committed it.

Dealing with crises and disasters requires making choices and fostering cooperation among the various concerned parties. Crisis management is not limited to external measures only; it also relies on internal coordination, particularly within human resources departments that focus on employees and ensure the smooth continuation of work during a crisis. The same applies to the public relations and media departments, which are responsible for the organization’s message — defending its image and ensuring that the message is well understood and effectively delivered to the public.
Facing challenges and maintaining stability during difficult times to contain crises is something that every institution must learn over time. This can be achieved through constant awareness of potential threats and the development of a general plan by the security forces, which highlights the role of security agencies in dealing with crises according to their severity, intensity, and impact, while considering the necessity of rapid intervention to contain all types of crises.
Security forces play an active role in crisis management, especially when situations deteriorate, even if these situations involve a limited degree of danger. The security forces are responsible for providing the essential secure environment necessary to launch their initiatives on a wide scale, as they possess the capabilities and skills that enable them to control the situation and handle it as quickly and efficiently as possible, with a high degree of organization and discipline. In addition, they possess remote sensing centers and control and monitoring systems that enable them to predict crises, detect their development after occurrence, or anticipate their recurrence.
The experience of confronting disasters and crises has demonstrated the effectiveness and significant role of the security forces, as these forces take the necessary measures to carry out their role in crisis management according to the decisions issued by military leadership. This ensures the rapid exchange of information and the necessary preparations, including plans for deploying forces in different missions, in light of their available capacities and resources.
The criminal responsibility of security forces for professional errors, whether intentional or unintentional, during the management of crises and disasters is of great importance in practice due to the frequency of crises they face as part of their core duties. These situations require concerted efforts to contain crises through the use of appropriate and essential operational mechanisms, in cooperation and coordination with the relevant state agencies, according to a pre-established plan. Coordination, understanding, and practical exercises are conducted to ensure the effectiveness and harmony of all entities participating in crisis management.

The importance of this research lies in finding the fastest and best solutions to curb the spread of drug abuse among young people through sports activities, from the perspective of Iraqi academics. The researchers will design a questionnaire containing information on the realities of Iraqi youth life to be distributed to the research community, which consists of university professors from various scientific disciplines, including psychology, social sciences, and sports science, to express their opinions on reducing the spread of drug abuse and how to eliminate it through the use of sports activities, festivals, and competitions. The data will be collected and statistically analyzed, conclusions will be adopted, and recommendations will be submitted to the relevant parties for action.

The success of states lies in ensuring the security and comfort of their citizens through the prevalence of national security, which is represented by protecting the state from anything that threatens its security, safety, and stability, whether this threat is internal, such as rebellion and insurrection, or external, such as war or the threat of war. as well as promoting community security, which is represented by a safe and stable environment for individuals, making them feel secure about themselves and their property. This is the natural state of successful and stable countries, and this responsibility falls on the administration, as it is responsible for maintaining security and order within the country. If negative circumstances or crises arise, the administration remains responsible for maintaining national and community security. The administration fulfills this duty through administrative control measures, which often lead to the restriction of some individual freedoms for the purpose of maintaining public order with its four elements (public security, public peace, public health, public morals, and ethics), while striking a balance between restricting individual freedoms on the one hand and maintaining public order on the other. Accordingly, it is incumbent upon the judiciary to monitor the legality of the administration's actions in such circumstances, with the proviso that the administrative judiciary, represented by the French Council of State, has devised the theory of emergency circumstances to protect the administration in the performance of its duties on the one hand, and to protect individual freedoms on the other, in accordance with what is known as “exceptional legality.”

Modern states are increasingly challenged by political crises that often pose direct threats to both national and community security. In response, governments adopt various security strategies aimed at managing these crises and mitigating their impacts. This study seeks to analyze the effectiveness of such strategies through a comparative analysis of selected countries that have experienced political turmoil. The goal is to evaluate the extent to which these strategies have succeeded in maintaining stability and protecting the social fabric
The study employs a comparative methodology, drawing on official reports and academic literature to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of different security approaches. It focuses on two interrelated dimensions: national security, which concerns the state’s institutions and sovereignty, and community security, which relates to public trust and social cohesion
Findings reveal that the effectiveness of security strategies is not solely dependent on force or enforcement, but rather on policy flexibility, societal engagement, and the protection of fundamental rights. The study recommends adopting comprehensive and balanced security frameworks that integrate political, social, and human rights considerations to ensure sustainable stability in times of crisis

Political, social and economic crises occupy an important place in the behaviour of individuals or in legislation, Therefore, no law was issued by a legislator, nor a command issued by a commander, except for an interest that he intended and saw the way to achieve it as what he legislated or what he commanded, Since this is a fact and the importance of confronting crises in the lives and actions of individuals, it was the beginning that it occupied a position in legislation. Legislation criminalizing acts that threaten national security must be, in its logic, wording, and style, purely legal jurisprudence and in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law, and not merely an imitation of Western laws.

Iraq and the wider region are witnessing rapid transformations in the nature of threats affecting civil peace and cultural–religious identity. The convergence of information warfare, media disinformation, deepfake technologies, and digital polarization driven by transnational extremist actors has intensified the crisis. Accordingly, this study explores the concept of Preventive Intellectual Security as a comprehensive national strategy for managing intellectual and media crises in Iraq through an inter - pragmatic, and predictive approach that integrates critical discourse analysis, informational forecasting, and media diffusion metrics.
The research emphasizes shifting from reactive responses to proactive prevention by employing cross-disciplinary studies—pragmatics, discourse analysis, social psychology, media, cybersecurity, and predictive analytics—to build early-warning mechanisms and preventive strategies. It proposes an operational model for establishing a Preventive Intellectual Security Unit within security institutions to monitor destructive narratives, detect disinformation campaigns, and analyze hostile discourses, thereby generating resilient counter-narratives that reinforce societal awareness, especially among youth.
The study adopts a descriptive–analytical methodology to examine samples of digital media discourse, supported by pragmatic and predictive frameworks, aiming to transform intellectual security from post-crisis reaction to anticipatory prevention based on data-driven forecasting.

This research aims to study the impact of media marketing strategy dimensions on achieving citizen satisfaction during crises, using the Public Relations and Media Department at the Ministry of Interior as a model for application. Crises have become a major challenge for government institutions seeking to maintain citizen trust and ensure their satisfaction. Media marketing is important as a strategic tool in crisis management, as it contributes to enhancing transparency, limiting rumors, and building a positive image of the institution. The research relied on an exploratory approach through a review of recent literature and an analysis of the role of each dimension of media marketing (media content, media channels, interaction and participation, emotional dimension, credibility, and transparency) in influencing citizen satisfaction during crises. The results concluded that these dimensions have a significant and positive impact on raising citizen satisfaction levels and that effective media strategies are a vital tool for crisis management and enhancing public trust.

It is no secret that the digital revolution has played a major role in all aspects of life, leading to changes in the infrastructure and superstructure of societies and countries. This scientific revolution began in the early 1950s and continued until the end of the 1970s, witnessing the birth of computers and various programming languages such as C. However, this revolution was not a temporary project limited to a specific period of time, but rather a continuous revolution that extended into the 21st century. The invention of the personal computer led to a change in the definition of illiteracy, which is no longer limited to the inability to read and write. In its modern sense, illiteracy means the absence of programming education or the absence of digital culture among peoples.
In this research, six official government websites are evaluated using one of the tools for measuring website strength, namely Page Speed Insight. The performance of three Iraqi ministerial websites is then compared with their Turkish counterparts, and a set of recommendations is drawn up for improving the performance of Iraqi government websites.

Contemporary societies face increasing challenges in light of recurring security, health, economic, and social crises, which require new models of security work based on partnership with the community, rather than force alone. In this context, community policing has emerged as one of the most important modern security approaches, focusing on building trust between citizens and security personnel and enhancing cooperation in the face of crises.
This research aims to highlight the active role of community policing in enhancing societal security during crises by analyzing concepts related to societal security and community policing and reviewing community policing intervention mechanisms in times of crisis, such as awareness raising, de-escalation, mediation, and rapid response.
The research also discusses the challenges facing this type of work, such as a lack of human and material resources, poor coordination with other institutions, and the gap that sometimes exists between citizens and security personnel. The research concludes with a set of recommendations, most notably: strengthening specialized training for community police officers, expanding cooperation with civil society organizations, and including community policing in national crisis management plans, in order to achieve sustainable human security based on trust and partnership.

This study aims to examine the role played by social media in shaping public opinion in Iraqi society during the political and security crises after 2014, especially since social media has transformed into interconnected and overlapping interactive spaces. transcending its traditional communicative functions to perform more serious tasks, such as directing, framing, and shaping public opinion and influencing government policies and decisions. The study adopts an analytical-inductive methodology to understand how public opinion crystallizes in the overlapping digital environment and the speed at which information spreads. It also seeks to assess the complex effects of these means on the political and security dynamics that result from the formation of public opinion among individuals and groups, especially since social media has played a dual role in shaping Iraqi public opinion. On the one hand, it has contributed to raising citizens' awareness and organizing their opinions, as well as mobilizing public support and endorsement. On the other hand, it has contributed to the spread of negative propaganda, as these sites have transformed from mere communication tools into vital political spaces that influence public awareness and are used to manage misinformation, making them a double-edged sword in the hands of political and social actors. The study also concluded that social media has become a crucial variable in influencing the political and security situation in Iraqi society after 2014, going beyond being digital tools for communication and expression to become a field for political competition and for directing individuals' behavior and orientations.

Public relations messaging during crises functions as a primary channel of communication with the public. Its impact depends largely on the quality of information and the clarity of its presentation. This requires a strategic integration between tailored communication methods and effective crisis management approaches. Media campaigns play a critical role in shaping and reinforcing these messages, especially in building trust and maintaining engagement with audiences. They also provide tactical tools for reducing institutional pressure during crisis situations. This study adopts an applied methodological approach to develop a qualitative model of crisis communication based on the principles of the Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). The research formulates a set of hypotheses exploring the relationship between the use of public relations strategies and the implementation of SCCT-based crisis communication approaches. The findings show a strong positive correlation between institutional reputation and historical public perception, which in turn influences the effectiveness of crisis communication efforts. The study proposes a practical model for organizations to follow when managing communication during crises. This model includes guidelines for managing information dissemination, constructing public messages, and designing crisis-specific media campaigns. The proposed framework offers actionable insights for crisis teams in selecting appropriate strategies that align public messaging with the tactical requirements of SCCT.

In light of the rapid technological transformation and advanced technological infrastructure in Iraq, the Iraqi government's prompt response to crises has become vital in addressing growing threats, particularly in the area of cybersecurity. An advanced technological infrastructure enables the government to issue directives and make immediate decisions to support educational institutions. The effectiveness of this response depends largely on the preparedness of universities and institutes, as they are the cornerstone of society. This preparedness enables academic institutions to implement preventive and corrective measures quickly and effectively, ensuring the implementation of established legal and technical policies and the protection of digital systems and sensitive information. The effectiveness of this response also depends on the presence of a clear legal framework for cybersecurity and an advanced technological infrastructure, which enables universities to implement preventive and corrective policies and procedures quickly and accurately. The study focuses on assessing universities' preparedness to confront cyber crises and its relationship to several factors, including: Cybersecurity awareness, university efforts to enhance security, university policies and laws, use of digital systems, security culture in the university community, personal experience with incidents, in addition to the role of students in supporting cybersecurity through adherence to preventive practices and active participation in awareness programs. The results of the study, which was based on an electronic questionnaire in which 200 male and female students participated and analyzed using the SPSS program, showed that enhancing university preparedness requires integrated awareness programs, effective use of digital technologies, in addition to general awareness of cybersecurity. Based on the results of the study, A set of recommendations was developed, the most important of which was to intensify awareness programs and build an integrated technical environment that supports cybersecurity, while simultaneously monitoring the impact of policies and laws to minimize any potential negative impact and enhance student engagement positively and thoughtfully.

The world today is witnessing rapid and successive transformations across various fields, leading to increasingly complex and diverse crises. This situation calls for the development of new skills to deal with such challenges, foremost among them is innovative thinking. In this context, higher education plays a pivotal role in preparing individuals capable of confronting these challenges through creative and non-traditional approaches.
This research aims to explore the role of higher education institutions in enhancing innovative thinking skills among students, as they represent the group most capable of driving change and contributing to solutions for contemporary problems. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical method.
The findings highlight the importance of strengthening the role of universities as engines of creativity and change, rather than merely sources of knowledge. This can be achieved through curriculum development, faculty training, and creating an environment that encourages critical thinking and the generation of new ideas. The study also recommends integrating creativity development programs into academic plans and adopting interactive teaching methods that simulate real-life situations and foster innovation across different academic disciplines.

Our security institutions face a double challenge in a complex context, as organized crime networks, with their sophisticated ability to generate recurring security crises, pose a structural challenge that requires the Ministry of Interior to go beyond traditional approaches. This study examines the methodological gap in crisis management, which stems from the failure to utilize scientific research as a strategic tool capable of dismantling the threat structure at its roots. Accordingly, the research presents the “structural network analysis” model as a scientific and operational approach that aims to enable security agencies to understand the mechanisms by which these networks generate crises, thereby moving from managing them reactively to anticipating them by dismantling their structures. The research concludes that integrating scientific research into the fight against organized crime is the real key to effective management of security crises and protection of national security stability.

The research aimed to analyze the concept of social crises and their most prominent manifestations, and to understand the role of education in society to address the root causes of social crises, as well as to explore the impact of education in building social cohesion and immunizing society against divisions. The researcher used the descriptive-analytical approach by constructing a questionnaire consisting of two domains: the first domain on "the role of education in addressing the root causes of social crises" consisting of (15) items, and the second domain on "the impact of education in building social cohesion and immunizing it against divisions" also consisting of (15) items, with a five-point scale taking numbers from (1-5) for a random sample of (120) individuals from the general public of various ages, educational qualifications, cultural and professional backgrounds to inquire from the research sample about the importance of education in addressing social crises, treatment methods, and enhancing social cohesion.
After statistical processing, the researcher reached a number of conclusions, including that all questionnaire items received a high rating, and two items received a very high rating, which confirms that the research sample believes that education is fundamental in building cohesive societies and eliminating or reducing social crises. It also confirms that education helps build a patriotic generation free from deviation and confronts all deviant currents and resists all prejudices that undermine social cohesion through increasing awareness and social culture.

The current research aims to analyze the role of education and scientific research in coping with crises from an educational and psychological perspective, focusing on how the educational system contributes to enhancing the psychological, social, and cognitive coping abilities of individuals and communities during exceptional circumstances. The research adopts a descriptive analytical approach by reviewing relevant Arabic and foreign scientific literature and analyzing successful global models of education management during crises. The theoretical results showed that education, when integrated with psychological and social support strategies and critical thinking skills, can effectively contribute to reducing the negative effects of crises on individuals and communities. Scientific research aimed at solving real-world problems also plays a pivotal role in providing innovative and sustainable solutions that support the resilience of the education system in the face of emergency challenges.

This study aims to identify the level of crisis management and the significance of statistical differences in the level of crisis management among Ministry of Interior officers according to their academic qualifications. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher constructed a crisis management scale based on the definition of crisis after reviewing the relevant literature and previous studies. The researcher also selected a stratified random sample representing the community of 200 officers, extracted the psychometric characteristics of the scale, and then reached the following results: Ministry of Interior officers enjoyed an average level close to the high level of crisis management competence, and academic qualifications played a prominent role in the officers' competence in crisis management. Based on the recommendations reached by the researcher, he presented a set of proposals and recommendations.

The research addressed the mechanism for the sites for the deployment of federal police units in Baghdad Governorate, and adopted those locations as main headquarters to provide combat and logistical support to units deployed within areas of responsibility. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to distribute and find suitable locations for deployment within areas of responsibility in a way that facilitates smooth movement during the execution of tasks.
The results showed a relationship between GIS and CPM and identifying critical paths in crisis management to facilitate and activate the movement of federal police units, providing a clear indication of the routes these units should take in order to achieve the goal of delivering greater combat and logistical support to the forces deployed in the study area.

Iraq has been exposed to many crises, disasters, and humanitarian wars, especially after 2003. The occupation of Baghdad was a turning point and a pivotal moment in the deterioration of infrastructure, representing the economic system, which includes the public and private sectors and their relationships in production, distribution, and consumption, as well as the superstructure on which the country fundamentally depends, including the political, legal, religious, and ideological systems. This has resulted in the emergence of ongoing crises that have directly affected the security and stability of the state.
My research was entitled “The Anthropology of Crises: A Reading of the Mechanisms of the Iraqi Police's Responses to Social Crises” and was divided into four sections. The first dealt with the concepts and elements of the research, and the second the theoretical background of the study. The third section explains how to deal with security crises, and the fourth section analyzes two models of crises from an anthropological perspective, entitled “Security Responses to Crises by Iraqi Internal Security Forces.” The study concludes with the research findings and key recommendations.

The research aims to determine the impact of strategic leadership as an independent variable through five dimensions: (determining strategic direction, diagnosing balanced organizational control, effective management of the organization's resource portfolio, effective sustainability of organizational culture, and emphasis on ethical practices) on crisis management as a dependent variable using five dimensions: (detecting warning signs, preparedness and prevention, damage containment, recovery, learning). Based on a key problem embodied in the question, “What is the impact of the strategic leadership of the training complex directorates affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Interior on the crisis management of these organizations?”, which appeared to be far from adopting scientific models that enable them to identify the elements and dimensions that achieve excellence, A descriptive analytical research approach was adopted in presenting and interpreting the research information, and a questionnaire was used as the main tool for collecting data and information. In addition, a purposive sample of 220 directors of the training complex directorates was selected for the current study. A total of 220 questionnaires were distributed to them after adopting a Likert scale, Eighteen questionnaires were excluded as invalid for analysis, leaving 202 questionnaires. The data were used to measure variables, including facts about the performance of the training complex directorates, and then the data were analyzed using a set of statistical methods (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis as basic construct validity tests for the adopted scales, a set of descriptive statistical measures, and analysis of the direct and indirect effects using AMOS v.26- SPSS V.28 software).
The research led to a set of recommendations, the most important of which was the need for the training complex directorates affiliated with the Iraqi Ministry of Interior to attach great importance to strategic leadership by defining the strategic direction, diagnosing balanced organizational control, effective management of the organization's resource portfolio, effective sustainability of organizational culture, and emphasis on ethical practices, as these have a significant impact on crisis management, which will be reflected positively in the service of the directorates under study.

The Iraqi economy faces many challenges at various levels, including economic, security, social, cultural, and other challenges that pose a threat to the country's economic structure and a direct threat to the Iraqi national fabric. This study attempts to examine the most prominent economic challenges that Iraq has faced and continues to face, the consequences of which will undoubtedly be reflected in the security of Iraqi society. Perhaps foremost among these challenges are unemployment and poverty, which directly undermine social security. The current study is divided into three sections. The first section discusses the concepts of crises and social security, while the second section is devoted to discussing the reality of the Iraqi economy and the most prominent challenges it faces. The third section presents the most prominent conclusions and recommendations

1- Legal legislation constitutes one of the most critical pillars of wise leadership. It provides the necessary framework through which various crises can be managed and contained within legitimate legal boundaries. This framework defines the powers and responsibilities of officials at different levels of leadership and outlines their administrative and criminal liabilities in the event of failure. Furthermore, it regulates the relationship between national and international institutions that collaborate to mitigate the impact of crises or respond to their effects. In addition to establishing the rules of legal liability—both criminal and civil—applicable to those responsible for crises, this framework aims to develop a fair and transparent legal compensation system for individuals and communities affected. The purpose of this research is to examine the legal rules pertaining to crisis management by presenting and analyzing their content, evaluating their adequacy and suitability, and identifying areas in need of development or amendment. This study seeks to provide an appropriate and effective legal foundation for leaders and administrative officials in decision-making during crises. It does so while promoting the principles of human rights, accountability, and transparency; ensuring the equitable distribution of damages; maintaining the continuity of public services and institutions; and fostering public trust in the policies adopted by decision-makers. The research employs an analytical approach to legal texts in combination with a comparative method that draws upon the experiences of countries that have advanced in this field prior to Iraq. The aim is to extract relevant lessons and best practices that may inform Iraq’s legal development in the context of crisis management. The study concludes with several significant findings. Chief among them is that, while current legal provisions are generally sufficient for managing the crises currently facing the country, there remains a pressing need to introduce new legislation to adequately prepare for and address future crises. Accordingly, one of the most important recommendations of this research is the enactment of a comprehensive crisis management law. Such legislation would serve as the primary legal reference for leaders and administrative officials tasked with managing crises in Iraq.

The Effect of Crisis Management Effectiveness on Reducing Behavioral and Pharmacological Relapse among Crystal Methamphetamine Users in Iraqi Rehabilitation Centers: A Field Analytical Study ,This study aims to investigate the effect of crisis management effectiveness on reducing behavioral and pharmacological relapse among crystal methamphetamine users in Iraqi rehabilitation centers. The research employed a descriptive–analytical field method, using real data collected during 2024 from three national centers: Al-Rashad, Al-Rusafa I, and Al-Najaa
The sample consisted of 120 participants (60 in-treatment residents and 60 recovered individuals after 90 days of discharge). Two validated instruments were used: the Crisis Management Effectiveness Scale (25 items) and the Behavioral & Pharmacological Relapse Scale (30 items). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS v.28, applying descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and simple and multiple linear regression analyses. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between crisis management effectiveness and both behavioral relapse (r = -0.58, p < 0.01) and pharmacological relapse (r = -0.63, p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that crisis management explains 38% of the total variance in relapse rates (R² = 0.38), and that each one-unit increase in crisis management effectiveness leads to a 0.49-unit decrease in relapse level. The overall relapse rate dropped from 28% to 10% following the implementation of an integrated crisis management system, demonstrating the strong institutional capacity of Iraqi rehabilitation centers and aligning their performance with international standards. The study concludes that crisis management functions as a therapeutic and preventive tool, equivalent in importance to pharmacological treatment, by enhancing emotional stability and preventing relapse. The researcher recommends establishing a permanent Therapeutic Crisis Management Unit in every rehabilitation center, implementing an Early Warning System for relapse prediction, and developing a national Crisis Registry to enhance response efficiency and sustain recovery outcomes

Strategic security planning plays a vital role in addressing crises and disasters by aligning future needs with present capabilities. It serves to outline the path forward, define alternatives, and chart the course toward specific objectives. Strategy is essentially a vision and a conceptual framework, representing the mastermind behind clear, structured, and well-ordered efforts to achieve set goals from this perspective, strategic security planning aids in making rapid and accurate decisions during critical moments. It strengthens the preparedness and readiness of security teams, helps maintain public order, and ensures the safety and security of individuals and infrastructure. Moreover, such planning fosters trust between citizens and state institutions by demonstrating the state’s ability to maintain control and order even in the most challenging situations. Consequently, strategic security planning becomes an indispensable pillar for building more resilient and sustainable communities capable of withstanding disasters and crise.

Security crises are among the greatest challenges that countries and institutions can face, as they have a direct impact on social, economic, and political stability. Thus, financial allocations play a key role in supporting efforts to manage crises and overcome their effects, as they provide effective mechanisms for developing emergency financial plans to fund and support security plans and restore community security. The research addresses the relationship between financial allocations and their role in supporting the security aspect of any country, or how flexible budgets can be developed, current financing tools can be improved, new financing tools can be invented, or financial risks associated with security threats can be analyzed to support decision-makers and develop strategic plans to deal with crises through the study and analysis of previous crises and the solutions developed for them, and by reviewing the successful experiences of some countries in confronting and managing those crises. The research reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that financial support is the key factor in managing security crises, given the exceptional human mobilization and logistical support that such solutions require. The research recommends the need for integration between financial and security institutions to control crises and manage them with great wisdom.

This study aimed to identify the security and administrative challenges that hinder efforts to address residency violations in Iraq, presenting a critical vision of the procedures followed and proposing practical solutions applicable in the current Iraqi context. To achieve this goal, the researcher used the descriptive approach in a survey manner, suitable for the nature of the study's objectives. The research community consisted of the Residency Department, the Joint Operations Command, including the Intelligence and Security Agency, and the Ministry of Labor employees in all governorates, who were selected intentionally. The research sample consisted of 230 members, divided into a pilot sample of 30 and an application sample of 200. To collect data, the researcher prepared a questionnaire consisting of 15 statements distributed across two axes: security crises and administrative challenges. The study's results showed that addressing residency violations in Iraq is not limited to being an administrative and regulatory procedure, but rather represents a strategic issue directly linked to national security and social stability. The successive security crises have weakened the ability of institutions to track and control violations, while administrative challenges have revealed significant gaps in organizational structures, coordination mechanisms, and technology. The researcher recommends the necessity of developing a comprehensive national strategy to address residency violations, based on updating legislation, adopting modern electronic systems for managing resident data, and enhancing coordination between security and administrative bodies, while activating international and regional cooperation in the field of information exchange. It is also necessary to invest in building human capacity and activating oversight to combat corruption and bureaucracy, contributing to achieving a real balance between security requirements and effective management considerations."

Security media plays a crucial role in crisis management. however, it faces significant challenges, including the collapse of communication infrastructure and the spread of misinformation. These issues undermine its ability to deliver accurate and reliable information. This research aims to design an intelligent model based on artificial intelligence algorithms, specifically the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, to detect misleading information during crises. The model was trained on an extensive dataset containing over 21,000 samples of both accurate and false news, carefully selected from popular sources. The training and testing results demonstrated high performance, with an accuracy of 98% on the test set and 98.7% on the validation set, reflecting the model's effectiveness in accurately distinguishing between real and misleading news. This study aims to explore the use of artificial intelligence in developing an advanced media system for crisis management by employing Python programming and Google Colab, along with developing specialized artificial intelligence algorithms for detecting media misinformation. The findings suggest that this mechanism will enhance the efficiency of media in protecting communities during crises by accelerating the flow of reliable information and reducing the impact of rumors