Euphrates Journal of Agricultural Science

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), plant is widely distributed throughout the world and which belongs to the family Fabacecae. This investigation was conducted in the winter season of 2013 in the fields of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Sulaimani. The experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of cutting dates on the characters: plant height, fresh and dry weight of leaf, fresh and dry weight of stem, dry matter, fresh and dry forage yield for local fenugreek. Means comparison were carried out using least significant difference test (LSD) at 0.05 significant levels. Results of the present study indicated a significant effect of cutting dates for all characters with the exception of fresh forage yield character which was found to be not significant; and the second cut out yielded the first cut in plant height, fresh and dry leaf, fresh and dry stem, dry matter, and dry forage yield.
Keywords: Fenugreek, Fabaceae, vegetative yield, cutting date.

The experiment was conducted in the lath house of the research station of Horticulture and Landscape Design Department/College of Agriculture/University of Diyala to study the effect of pinching date, which included three levels (without pinching, pinching after 15 and 30 days of transplanting) and foliar spray with ascorbic acid at four levels (100, 150 and 200 mg.l-1, as well as foliar spray with distilled water as a control treatment) in vegetative and flowering growth characteristics of chrysanthemum plant cv. 'Debonair' with flowers in violet color. The research was carried out as a factorial experiment (3×4) in split plots according to a Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Treatments of pinching date represented the main plots and treatments of foliar spray with ascorbic acid were the secondary plots. The results can be summarized as follows: Pinching date was significantly affected on both vegetative and flowering growth characteristics of chrysanthemum plant. It was found that the highest rate of plant height was achieved in control treatment (without pinching) and significantly superior to the pinching treatments after 15 and 30 days of transplanting which did not differ significantly. Pinching treatment after 15 days of transplanting led to a significant increase in number of branches.plant-1, number of leaves.plant-1, leaves area.plant-1, percentage of total carbohydrates in leaves. Late pinching treatment (30 days after transplanting) significantly increased age of flower on the plant, while control treatment (without pinching) led to early emergence of first flower and a significant increase in flower diameter. Foliar spray with ascorbic acid led to improving all vegetative and flowering characteristics except flower diameter of chrysanthemum plant. Foliar spray at concentration of 150 mg.l-1 was significantly superior in giving the best results for plant height, number of branches.plant-1, leaves area.plant-1, relative chlorophyll content in leaves, vegetative dry weight, percentage of total carbohydrates in leaves, number of flowers.plants-1, age of flower on plant, dry weight of flower and total petals content of anthocyanin. Interaction between pinching date and foliar spray with ascorbic acid had a significant effect on all vegetative and flowering growth characteristics. Treatment of P30×AsA150 was superior and gave the best results for number of leaves.plant-1, leaves area.plant-1 and flower age on the plant. Treatment of P15×AsA150 was significantly superior in number of branches.plant-1, vegetative dry weight and number of flowers.plants-1, while treatment of P0×AsA150 was superior in content of relative chlorophyll in leaves, percentage of total carbohydrates in leaves, flower dry weight and total petals content of anthocyanin.
Key words: Chrysanthemum, Pinching Date, Ascorbic Acid, Vegetative Growth, Flowering.

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2016-2017 to study the effect of silicon spraying at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ml.L-1) , two levels of GA3 (0 and 0.85 mg.L-1 ) and two levels of humic acid (0 and 5 ml.L-1) in a private field in Hilla city- Algiers district, in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD ) with three replicates. The results showed that Silicon spraying at 10 ml.L-1 caused an increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, branches number and chlorophyll content which were 89.16 cm, 56.41 cm2, 47.16 leaves, 7.75 and 61.25 SPAD compared to control (78.25, 51.33, 39.75 , 7.00 and 56.91).GA3 spraying caused an increase in plant height, leaf area, leaves number, branches number and chlorophyll content , which were 90.22 cm, 56.72 cm2, 46.17 leaves , 7.78 branches and 60.44 SPAD compared to control (79.33, 50.83, 40.78, 7.06 and 57.89). Humic acid spraying caused an increase in plant height , leaf area , leaves number , branches number, and chlorophyll content which were 88.28 cm, 56.39 cm2, 46.17 leaves ,7.83 branches and 60.28 SPAD compared to control (81.28, 51.17, 40.78, 7.00 and 57.89). Some interactions had a significant effect on some characteristics, and the interaction of GA3 with 10 ml.l-1 of silicon gave highest plant height and leaves number (92.33 cm and 50.17).
Key words: broad bean, GA3, Humic acid, Silicon

This study was carried out in the experiments field of Agriculture college / Diyala University - Iraq during the season of 2016. The experiment was design followed RCBD with three replicates. The experimental treatments include : four heat shock levels , one of this without heat shoic befor planting and the other level with heat shoicking with three degree ( 350 , 400 and 450 ) for four hours daily for one week T0 , T1 , T2 , T3. Three Glutathione levels are used 0 , 50 and 100 mg.L-1 (G0 ,G1 and G2 ). Spray Ascorbic acid levels of 0 (C0)50 (C1) and 100 mg. L-1 (C2) .Using the tomato plant (C.V, Noura ). The results showed that the fourth level of heat shock 450 increased the Peroxidase enzyme , total phenols , β-_Carotene in fruits ,plants whole flowers and mean yield of a plant with percentages of (%92.33 ,%35.80 ,%51.37 ,%15,38 and %23.38 respectively) compared with the control treatment (T0). The results showed that G2 treatment (100 mg.L-1 ) was superior up on other levels G0 (0 mg.L-1 ) and G1(50 mg.L-1) regarding the content of the Peroxidase enzyme , total phenols , β_Carotene in fruits ,plants whole flowers, and mean yield of a plant . The third Ascorbic acid level C2 (100 mg.L-1 )was excellence up on other levels C0(0 mg.L-1 ) of Peroxidase enzyme , total phenols , β_Carotene in fruits ,plants whole flowers and mean yield of a plant with increase rat of ( 42.36%, 21.67% , 57.27% , 14.44% and 37.99% respectively ) compared with the control treatment. Also the most of characters in plant were significant increased by interaction between (G2 + C2 ) exept total phenols in leaves with increase at the level (G2 + C1) compareing with the other levels of sprays . Interaction between(T3 +G2 ) increased all characters in this study. All of the characters in plant were significantly increas by the interaction treatment between ( T3 +C2 ) compared with other treatment treatment.Adding the two treatment of spraying under shock plant with high heat 450 enhance growth of plant under heat stress.














Key words : Heat Shock , Glutathione , Abscisic acid , Peroxidase , Total phenols , β-_Carotene .

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season of 2016-2017 to study the effect of silicon spraying at three levels (0 , 5 and 10 ml.L-1) , two levels of GA3 spraying (0 and 0.85 mg.L-1) and two levels of humic acid spraying (0 and 5 ml.L-1) on green pods yield of broad bean. Randomized complete block design in three replications was used in a private field in center of Babylon province / Algiers district. The results showed that silicon spraying at 10 ml.L-1 was superior in: plant pods number, pod seeds number, pod weight, pod length and green pods yield which were 10.33 pods per plant , 4.9 seeds per pod, 18.00 g, 20.41 cm and 12.450 mt.ha-1 , respectively compared to control. GA3 spraying was superior in pods number per plant, pod seeds number, pod weight, pod length and green pod yield which were 9.89 pods, 4.88 seeds, 18.06 g, 20.44 cm and 11.944 tons.ha-1 compared to control. Humic spraying was superior in pods number per plant, pod seeds number, pod weight, pod length and green pod yield which were 10.11 pods , 4,79 seeds, 18.17 g, 20.3 cm and 12.300 tons.ha-1 compared to control. Some of the interactions had a significant effect on some of the above characteristics.
Key words: broad bean, silicon, humic acid and GA3

This study was conducted during the agricultural season 2015-2016 in the green house and the Plant Virology laboratory belonging to the College of Agriculture at Karbala University with the aim of isolation and characterization of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and its resistance using some tomato genotypes (Nicker Son, Ginan, Nicker Son, Flat kimia T6m, Wardeh, Ghazalah, Faten, Alaziza, Selmoren, Hybrid Early Lady F1 and Mugestem).
The virus was identified using some indicator plants such as tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicom L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), goosefoot (Chenopodium amaranticolor (Coste and Reyn)), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench)), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), airship (Physalis floridana L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). TYLCV was also identified using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) and sequencing the PCR-amplicons.
The results, of inoculating the above mentioned indicators plants, showed that tomato plants (super marimond) infected with TYLCV exibited typical symptoms of crinkling and yellowing of newly growth leaves which later developed into symptoms of severe wrinkling and yellowing to encompass the rest of the plant leaves with severe stunting in infected plants. Moreover, the results also showed the sensitivity of beans and okra plants to TYLCV without inducing any kind of symptoms. However, the presence of the virus was detected by PCR. It was also found that cotton and airship plants were found to be susceptible to the virus that was detected by PCR in all TYLCV-inoculated plants.
Sequencing of the PCR-amplified fragments and employing the BLAST program (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) revealed that the TYLCV isolate characterized in this study gave a similar percentage of 100% with the virus starins A1MA and A2MA (GenBank accession numbers: KT961706.1 and KT961705.1) and 99% with the viral strain A3MA (GenBank accession numbers: KT961704.1), while the most divergence (93% ) was noticed with the Iranian isolates (JQ928345.1 and EU834059.1 and GenBank accession numbers: EU834064.1). The results also showed the suceptibilty of all tomato gentotypes tested against TYLCV.

The research aims at determining the reality of agricultural techniques used by farmers in reducing the losses of wheat and barley crops in the governorates of the central region of Iraq. And to identify the most important obstacles facing farmers in the use of agricultural techniques that reduce the loss of wheat and barley crops and the obstacles related to techniques, and the constraints related to the internal and external environment. To achieve the objectives of the research I use descriptive approach, which is one of the scientific research methods. The governorates of the central region of Iraq were selected from 8 governorates and the governorates of Salah al-Din and Anbar were excluded due to poor security conditions. Thus, they became (6) governorates and a random sample of 50% was selected. The three governorates covered were Najaf, Karbala, A random sample has been selected of the agricultural divisions (33) agricultural divisions (25%) and (8) agricultural divisions distributed to the governorates covered by the research. A random sample of 1% of the wheat and barley crops were selected in the agricultural divisions surveyed. Data on agricultural techniques were collected from relevant agricultural and non-agricultural institutions. In order to obtain the information, a questionnaire was prepared for this purpose which included (26) paragraphs distributed on (5) axis. The results of the research found that the numbers and quantities of agricultural techniques in the research area are few and not suitable for cultivated areas, as well as the unregulated distribution of agricultural techniques. Aging in some of the technologies used (such as harvesters),which greatly affect the percentage of loss. The lack of financial support for agricultural techniques, the low installment period, and the lack of financial support for some agricultural techniques (fertilizers, pesticides, seeds).Weak extension role in clarifying the importance of waste and agricultural techniques that help to reduce waste. All these results are essentially cause the low level of use of agricultural techniques that reduce wastage by agriculture. The researcher recommends that use modern agricultural techniques and increase their numbers and quantities and distributed in line with cultivated, raise awareness and inform farmers of the importance of waste and agricultural techniques that help to downgrade by intensifying the role of agricultural extension agents plans to deploy the techniques, and increase financial support and reduce difficulties in obtaining techniques through soft processing mechanism.

Keywords: agricultural techniques, constraints, losses, wheat and barley, farmers.

The experiment was carried out in the plastic house – horticulture and landscape design department. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University, during the growing season of 2013 - 2014.To study the effect of four colors from mulching ( clear , black , green , blue ) and no mulching and two planting space ( 20 , 40 ) cm to effect in growth and yield of two cultivars from cucumber ( carol , safe )..This experiment was conducted at design RCBD in split split with three replicates and three factors ;.
The result showed that plant under mulching of plastic especially blue and black plastic superiority on characters of high plant , number of leaves , number of branches , leaf area and day to flowering compare with no mulch . the plant spacing (40)cm gave the highest valuation on number of leaves, number of branches per plant and leaf area per plant but the narrow spacing (20)cm recorded the maximum valuation on the plant height compare with wide spacing (40)cm , Karol cultivar gave taller plant compare with safe cultivar , the interaction mulch/cultivars/ plant spacing record maximum valuation under blue plastic with safe cultivar and(40)cm on number of leaves, number of branches per plant and leaf area per plant but the plant height gave the best valuation under the all mulch to Karol cultivar and(20)cm, to day the flowering recorded minimum valuation under clear plastic with safe cultivar and (20 , 40)cm .
Keywords:cucumber ,mulching,varities,plant spacing .

The experiment was carried out in the plastic house – Department Horticulture and Landscape Design. College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, during the growing season of 2013-2014.To study the response of two cultivars of cucumber to mulching and planting space their effect on yield and yield components of plant ..The result showed that mulching was superior all the characters especially blue plastic on number of fruit per plant , average fruit weight per plant, early yield , yield per plant Kg/plastic house-1,total yield tons/plastic house compared with no mulch . the plant spacing (40)cm superiorities to (20) cm in number and weight fruit and yield plant but the plant spacing (20)cm gave the maximum valuation on the early and total yield , Karol varieties superiorities on weight fruit and total yield compare with safe varieties , the overlapping between mulch/ varieties/ plant spacing, were safe varieties under blue with clear mulch and 20 cm gave maximum in early yield compare with Karol , safe varieties under 40 cm without mulch ,and safe varieties under blue mulch and 40 cm recorded highest valuation in number of fruit and weight of fruit and yield plant compare with Karol , safe varieties under 20 cm plant spacing without mulch , the Karol varieties gave highest valuation by total yield t/plastic house under green mulch and 20 cm plant spacing compare with safe varieties under plant spacing (40)cm without mulch
Keywords: cucumber,mulching,varities,plant spacing .

A field experiment was conducted during the autumn season of 2016 year in the region of Daghara , which is located about 30 km north west of Diwaniyah. The main objective was to investigate the effect of planting dates(10/7,20/7,30/7) with two plant densities(55555 ,66666) plant/ha on growth and yield Components of three hybridize ZP684, LG30500 and 6120. The experiment design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The results were summarized as follow: The varieties showed significant differences of the grain. The LG30500 was superior in the number of grains per row (35.25 grains / row), the number of grains in ear (561.0 grains / ear), plant yield (155.6 g) ,total grain yield (9.47 tons/h) and harvest index (46.53%). The superiority of plant date 20/7 in the characteristics of the number of grains in rows (33.26 grain / row), number of grains per ear (528.0 grains / ear), plant yield (157.0 g), total grain yield (9.52 tons/ h) and harvest index (46.10%) . The plant density of 55555 plants gave the highest rate of plant yield (156.37 g) and harvest index (44.88%) . The plant density of 66666 plants gave the highest rate of total grain yield (9.52 tons) . The interaction between genotypes and planting dates showed a significant differences the LG30500 hybrid planted in 20/7 was superior in the number of grains per row (38.05 grains / row), number of grains in ear (633.1 grains / ear) . While the interaction between genotypes and planting densities showed a significant differences the LG30500 hybrid planted at 66666 plants/ha was superiority in the number of grains per row (35.54 grains / row ), number of grains in ear (568.7 grains / ear) . The interaction between planting dates and planting densities showed a significant difference and the superior was planting date of 20/7 at planting densities of 55555 plant/ha in the number of grains per row (34.68 grains / row), number of grains in ear (565.5 grains / ear), plant yield (170.9 g) and harvest index (48.98%) . Plant date at 30/7 with planting densities of 66666 plant/ha gave highest rate in the total grain yield (9.55 tons/h).

This study was carried out at the poultry farm of Animal Production Dept./ College of Agriculture / University of Diyala during the period from 12/9/2016 until 8/1/2017 in order to study the effect of adding dried Kefir Milk in the in diet of laying hens in the attributes and the quality production of egg,.
This study used 144 hens laying Lohmann brown breed aged 22 weeks, weighed individually and distributed randomly at the age of 23 weeks on four treatment with three replicates per treatment (12 chickens / replicate) The treatments : first: control and was free from added, the second included add 2 g, of dried Kefir milk/ kg feed, the third included add 0.4 g dried Kefir milk / kg feed and fourth included the addition of 0.6, of the dried Kefir milk/ kg feed .
The results showed the superiority of additions of dried Kefir milk compared with control group (non-added), in all productive traits through most productive periods (23-38 weeks) as it outperformed added treatments was significantly (P <0.05) The coefficients of the addition of dried keifir milk of the quality of the eggs, Reconsider as it improved each of weight of the shell and shell thickness whiteness weight and height. The yolk increased in the weight of yolk and diameter. There were no significant differences between the addition coefficients and the
control treatment in the relative weight of the whiteness and the relative weight of the yolk and the Haugh unity.
Key words: Kefir milk, laying hens, egg quality

Tow experiments were conducted, one of them is a laboratory experiment that was conducted to study the effect of four concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 1.5 , 3.0 and 4.5 mg L-1) and four levels of salinity (0.4 , 4.0 , 8.0 and 16.0 dS m-1) on seeds germination of wheat, Bengal variety by using Complete randomized design (CRD). The second experiment was a field experiment in sharsh town, Gurna Distrk Basra on silty clay soil to study the effect of irrigation water salinity (1 , 3 and 6 dS m-1), foliar application of salicylic acid (0 , 150 , 300 and 450 mg L-1), and potash fertilization (0 and 120 Kg K ha-1) on grain yield of wheat. New paragraph results of the study showed significant effect of salicylic acid concentration on seed germination with surpassing 3 mg L-1 in 82.08% an increasing of germination 2.60% as compared with the control treatment. Highly significant effect of salinity in decreasing of seed germination, with surpassing salinity level of 4 dS m-1 95.83% on control treatment with 3.60%. Increasing irrigation water salinity from 1 to 3 and 6 dS m-1 showed no significant effect on grain yield4.58 and 4.25Ta ha-1with decreasing percent 12.59% and 18.89% Compared with control treatment respectively. Foliar application of salicylic acid showed significant effect in increasing the grain yield of wheat with surpassing 300 mg L-1 on other concentrations 5.06Ta ha-1with percent value of 17.12% Compared with control treatment. Potash fertilizing treatment (120 Kg K ha-1) showed significant effect in increasing the grain yield 4.93 Ta ha-1 with 10.78% compared with control treatment.
Kaywords: salicylic acid , germination percent, salinity, potash fertilizing, total grain yield

The pure lines of maize ZP-707, UN44502, OT-140, ZP-607, ZP-325 and IK8 (distributed through cluster analysis in two main groups, one of them with two sub groups) and their not reciprocal diallel hybrids were used in this study, which planted through second half of July 2012 using randomized complete block design with three replication. Data recorded for characters: date of tasseling and silking, plant and main ear height, length and diameter of ear, number of rows per ear, area of leaf surrounded the main ear, number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight and grain yield per plant. The results of analysis of variance for general and specific combining abilities showed their mean square was highly significant for all characters indicating the importance of additive and non additive effects in its inheritance. The two lines ZP-607 and OT-140 has desirable significant effects for general combining ability and the two hybrids (ZP-707 x ZP-325) and (UN44502 x ZP-607) desirable significant effects for specific combining ability for larger number of characters with high performance means. It was shown from the analysis of data by Jinks-Hyman method that the dominance variance H1 and H2 was higher in its value than additive one D for all characters indicating its higher importance in the inheritance of these characters. The average degree of dominance [H1/D]1/2 exceeded one for date of tasseling and silking, leaf area, number of rows per ear and number of grains per ear indicating the presence of over dominance, while it was less than one for other characters indicating the partial dominance. The narrow sense heritability was low for date of tasseling and silking, ear height, leaf area and 100 grain weight and equal 9.97, 17.61, 26.60, 18.67= and 20.06% respectively, and moderate for other characters and ranged from 34.29% for ear length and 48.26% for grain yield per plant. The comparison of genetic distance values between lines for each hybrid with hybrid mean, its heterosis (based on mid parents, better parent and commercial variety Bohoth 106) and its specific combining ability for grain yield per plant showed no obvious relationship with each of performance means and heterosis based on better parent and commercial variety, while its more obvious relationship was with heterosis based on mid parents and specific combining ability, as its correlation with them was positive, but not significant.

Birds were berd at private farm. Babel province from 1st oct.2016 to 2nd Feb.2017.Atotal of 40 females geese aged 2 years (at their second production season) (20birds white colour and 20birds gray color) Eggs were collected daily from each group. Birds were kept in closed barn with swimming pool in side. The aim was to estimate some qualitive and chemical fruits of eggs from different group. was performed the results revealed the following
1. There was significant increased in means of egg Weight, yolk and egg white of white geese (143.40 ,58.94 and 62.89m respectively) the grey geese egg shell weight was height than that of white geese.
2. There was significant differenciesin egg shape index and Hu unit of grey geese (68.27 and 100.90 respectively) in comparison with that of white geese.
3. Grey geese egg showed higher moister percentage (69.10%). However, Yolk white geese egg showed higher portion and fat percentage (16.96,35.64% respectively) in comparison with that of grey geese eggs (14.19,32.97% respectively).

This study was conducted in the Laboratory of the High studies, of the Faculty of Agriculture of Al Qasim Green University Horticulture and land scape Design , during the season of 2016 to study the effect of Sodium metabisulfate at a concentration of 2gm-L by dipping the fruits for 5 minutes and Ascorbic acid at a concentration 5gm-L by dipping the fruits for 10 minutes and control treatment with a concentration of 0gm-L dipping fruit with distilled water only in Qualites,The two dried grape varieties are Shada Bayda and Dise Al-Eniz in a direct solar drying method. The results showed that Dise Al-eniz was significantly superior upon Shada Bayda with an increase in the percentage of total sugars and the percentage of reflux with decrease the percentage of total acidity, the same result was obtained with the use of sodium sulfate. The beas interaction was between Dise Al-Anz and treatment of mitabi sulfate sodium characterized by the highest rats of TSS , total sugars , and the percentage of filtration was 26.17 , 16.42 , and 13.23 respectively and was characterized by a decrease in the total acidity rate was 0.47
Key word/ Sodium metabisulfate, Dise Al-Eniz, Shada Bayda, direct solar drying, Ascorbic acid

This study was carried out in the Plant Virology Laboratory of Plant Protection Department in the College of Agriculture- Karbala University with the aim of isolating and molecularly identifying three isolates of Rhizoctonia solani using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using the universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 and determining the nucleotide sequence of PCR-amplified products. Results, obtained from the PCR amplification and analysis of nucleotide sequences of PCR-amplified products and using BLAST program (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool), showed that all three isolated fungi were belonged to the fungus R. solani.
From the comparison of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the identified fungal isolates with the nucleotide sequences available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBl), it was revealed that two of the identified fungal isolates of R. solani were not previously recorded at NCBI. Therefore; the identified sequences of R. solani has been deposited and recorded in GenBank database (NCBI) under the GenBank accession numbers: KX255861and KX555634.

The present study was conducted at the field of College of Agriculture Sciences in autumn 2014- 2015. A factorial experiment was conducted using completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications. The study included two different Black seed species (Nigella sativa and Nigella arvensis) combined with three Nitrogen fertilizer applications (0kg/h, 30kg/h and 60kg/h). Means of studied characters were compared by using least significant differences LSD (P≤0.05) to studding the response of two Black seed species to the difference dose of nitrogen fertilizer application on most important vegetative characters, root depth, plant height, number of leaves, stem dry weight, leaves dry weight and total dry weight and yield characters, number of capsule plant-1, number of seeds capsules-1, 1000 seed weight, total seed weight, biological weight and harvest index. The results indicate that the Nigella sativa species showed significant values in most of the vegetative, yield and oil content. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in different levels showed significant values in most of vegetative, yield and oil content. The level 30kg/h nitrogen showed the superiorities as compared to all other levels. The interaction of Nigella sativa species with 30 kg/h predominated in most of vegetative, yield and oil content.
Keywords: Medicinal plant, Black seed species, Fertilizer, vegetative, yield and oil content.

A factorial experiment (4 × 5) in RCBD with three replications was carried out for two spring seasons of 2016 and 2017 in two locations, on potato plant var. Rodof. The first season was in the fields of the Ministry of Agriculture/Department of Horticulture/Abu Ghraib, while the second season was in the research station A of the College of Agriculture/University of Baghdad/Al-Jadiriyah. The experiment included two factors, the first was foliar application of gibberellin with concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200 mg. L-1 and symbolized as GA3(0), GA3(1), GA3(2) and GA3(3), respectively). The second factor was spraying with two nutrients compositions separately where the first one was Disper at concentrations (1 and 2 g. L -1 and symbolized as D1 and D2, respectively), while the other were Tecamine flower at concentrations (3 and 6 ml. L -1 and symbolized as T1 and T2, respectively), in addition to the control which symbolized as C0. The results showed that GA3(3)+T2 increased leaves area (2.94 and 2.11 m2. plant-1 for the two seasons, respectively). Highest dry weight during the first season at GA3(3)+D2 (28.8 g.plant-1). In the first season the highest values of number of tubers, tuber weight, plant yield and productivity in unit area were in GA3(3)+D2 (15.0 tuber.plants-1 , 172.0 g. tuber-1, 2.58 Kg. plant-1 and 122.85 ton.ha-1 respectively). In the second season were in GA3(3)+T2 (14.7 tuber.plants-1 , 125.13 g. tuber-1, 1.28 Kg. plant-1 and 61.37 ton.ha-1 respectively). While control treatment GA3(0)+C0 gave the lowest yield and productivity in the first season (1.02 kg.plant-1 and 48.73 ton. ha-1 , respectively).
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Keywords: Solanum tuberosum L, Foliar Spraying, Gibberellin, productivity.

Afield experiment was conducted at a private farm in south Babylon governorate during the fall and spring seasons of 2015 and 2016 . The design was Randomized Complete Block (RCBD) with split – split- plot arrangement and three replications . The depth of sowing (4,6,8and 10)cm occupied the main plots .Seeds sizes) 3.5-3.1, 4-3.6 and > 4) mm occupied the sub – plots. While seed priming treatments ( i.e. seed soaking with gibberellic acid (GA3300 mg.l-1) , salicylic acid ( SA100 mg.l-1) , cytokinin (CK100 mg.l-1) , ascorbic acid (ASC100 mg.l-1) , potassium chloride (KCl 40 mg.l-1) and W water) for 12 hours , occupied the sub – sub – plots. The objective was to improve the germination characteristics of seeds by using priming technique with (plant hormones , vitamins and salts ) , different seeds sizes and different depth seed. Gibberellic acid was significantly superior in giving the highest values of these characteristics field emergence percentage (76.26 , 83.18) % respectively .. For seed depth , the (4.0cm) depth significantly increased in the field emergence percentage (77.37 , 81.29)% respectively . Therefore, It can be concluded that seed priming technique of large seed > 4mm sown at 4cm could increase substantially the field emergence percentage .
Keyword: SEED PRIMING - SEED SIZE - SEED DEEPTH-YIELD GRAINS

This study was conducted at the farm of poultry ,Department of Animal Resources, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad to study the effect of genotype on qualitative characteristics of carcass and different body measurement .Hybrids Cobb 500 ,Hubbard Classic and Ross 308 were used four hundred and eighty birds were used in this experiment 160 birds for each hybrid were randomly distribute to five replicates (32 birds/ replicates) after the wing labeling breed under at condition recommended by the manual production of hybrids to a up to the 42 days age. The results indicated that the: the genotype of the hybrid( Cobb 500 , Ross 308 and Hubbard Classic) and sex had significant effect on the body weight at 42 days the old (2379, 2355 and 2264 g live weight), carcass weight ( 1721 ,1718 and 1620 g) Dressing percentage (73.74 ,72.14 and 71.76%) respectively .The hybrid Cobb was superior on the other hybrids in dressing percentage and Cobb 500 , Ross 308 on hybrid Hubbard in body weight and weight carcass. male the superior of the in the body weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage on female. The genotype of hybrids, sex and the interaction between hybrids and sex had no effect on carcass main and secondary cuts. Male of Cobb 500 was superior in body weight, carcass weight and dressing percentage on other hybrids male and female. Data showed the superiority of hybrid Hubbard in gizzard percentage, spleen and not eat viscera. The sex had no effect on the percentage of eaten and not eat viscera. While male and female of hybrid Hubbard were superior in gizzard percentage and not eat viscera .also males of Cobb 500 was superior in heart percentage. For the hybrid effect on the body measure, Ross was superior on other hybrid in thigh thickness .while for sex effect on the body measurements, males were superior on female in all body measurements studied. Where Cobb 500 males were superior breast width and comb height on males and females of other hybrids. Ross hybrid was superior on other hybrid in thigh thickness and shank length, while the hybrid Hubbard was superior on other hybrid in the length breastbone.
Keyword: genotype, sex, qualitative characteristics of carcass, body measurements

This experiment was carried out in experimental site , college of Agriculture , University of Baghdad / AL-Jadriya campus during the growing seasons 2016 and 2017 to investigate the influence of manuring with cow manure and foliar spray with iRoot on vegetative and root growth of grape transplants c.v. Halawani , the experimental designWas RCBD with three replicates and twelve treatments ,the Grape treatments was planted in post ,10 kg growing media , the first factor was manuring with four levels of cow manures 0 , 0.5 , 1.0 , 1.5 kg from weight of soil , the second factors was foliar spray with iRoot aconcentrion of 0 , 0.1 , 0.2 mol .l-1 , the addition of growth promoter was done for three times every 15 days for the grown season m the experimental results showed that manuring and foliar spray with iRoot significantly influenced all characters , the interaction treatment with cow manure and the growth promoter iRoot significantly increased the single leaf a percentage of (59.69 and 224.3 % ) and the leaf area by (106.8 and 281.3%) for both season respectively , the same treatment significantly the length , diameter , the surface area , and the dry weight of roots by a percentage of ( 161.4%) ,(297.5%) ,(135.6%) and (139.3%) respectively . Key word Grape , Cow manure , iRoot

This study was carried out in a plastic house of a Palm Date Research Unit-Agricultural College-University of Baghdad, during season 2013-2014, to study the effect of foliar organic material extract and Humic acid and their interaction to the strawberry vegetative growth. The study include 12 treatments, to spray strawberry's plant with three levels from the extractions of organic matter (one volume of extracted organic matter to one volume of Distilled water 1:1 , one volume of extracted organic matter to two volume of Distilled water 1:2 and one volume of extracted organic matter to three volume of Distilled water 1:3) on disilled watere with out or with applied of two concentrations of Humifert-ultra (0,2.5,5)ml.l-1 to the soil . A factorial experiment carried out at randomized completed blocked design (RCBD) with three replicates, Averages were tested with LSD at 5% level of probability. The results were revealed the plants were significantly increased in crown, s number, runner ,s number and leaf area per plant at (1:1) level's. While the treatment (3:1) give highest number of new plants per runner. (2:1) record the chlorophyll content of the leaves. The additions of Humic acid were increased in crowns number's and leaf area per plant and chlorophyll content of the leaves, significantly reaches sequentially at 5ml.l-1 level. The interaction of two van able were significant for all the studies traits.
Key Words: strawberry, crowns, humic, chorophyll .

Fifteen single crosses, 60 three-way crosses and 45 double crosses were produced from six inbred lines of sunflower (EMB, EUR, L3, L6, L10 and PERE12). All these genotypes planted through 10th of July 2013 at a field in Al-Hawija, west of Kirkuk Governorate using randomized complete block design with three replications. The single and three-way crosses values were used to test five methods of double cross hybrids performance prediction for characters head area, number of seeds per head, 100 seeds weight, seeds yield per plant and oil percent, as compared with actual observed values of these double crosses characters. The results showed highly significant differences among double crosses means (expressed as mean of observed and predicted values from the five methods of prediction) and among the different predicting methods for all studied characters. In general, it was shown through comparison between the means of observed values of double crosses and the predicted one from the five prediction methods used in this study, that the first mehods of prediction which depend on single crosses was found to be the most consistent method for for predicting all characters, followed in importance by the methods that depends on three-way crosses, the second for number of seeds per head and oil percent, the third for 100 seeds weight and both secnd and third for head area. These results were supported through simple correlation coefficients among observed and all predicted values, as well as through stepwise regression test.

This research work was carried out on experimental field ,college of Agriculture ,University of Baghdad / AL Jadriya for the growing season 2016-2017 to study the influence cow manure and foliar spray with iRoot on the chemical component of grape transplants c.v.Halwani, The experiment was implanted using RCBD with 12 treatment with three replicates for each treatment ,each one year grape transplant was planted in 10kg weight pots ,the first factor ( organic manuring) ,four level of cow manure was used ( 0 , 0.5 ,1.0 ,1.5) kg from soil Wight, The second factor was foliar spray with iRoot at three concentration (0 ,0.1 , 0.2 ) mol .l-1 and three spray in the growing season . The experimental results can be sumarized an follows ,the cow manure and iRoot an foliar sprays significantly influenced all the studied charachers , the treatment with 1.5 kg cow manure plus foliar spray with 0.2 mol.l-1 significantly the highest percentage of increases in the concentration of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in the leaves (69.09 and 63.10%) , (79.87 and 315.9%) ,(148.8 and 53.85%) respectively for both seasons .
The same treatment gave the highest percentage of increase of Auxin , Gibberlene and cytokinen ( 220.4 and 182.7%) ,(214.4 and 216.0%) ,(147.9 and 145.6%) for both seasons respectively while the control treatment gave lowest value for the these parameters .
Key word:Grape . Cow manure .iRoot.

A field experiment was carried out during the summer season 2016 at a private farm in Hashimia district (20 km south of the center of Babil governorate) to study the effect of foliar fertilization with phosphorus and potassium on growth and yield of mung bean. RCBD with three replicates was used. Four concentrations of potassium K0 (distilled water only) , K1, K2 and K3 (spraying 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg K/L), and four concentrations of phosphorus :P0 (distilled water only) as control, P1, P2 and P3 (spraying 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg P/l). The results of the study were analyzed according to the design and the averages were tested according to the least significant difference. The main results were summarized as follows: Potassium spraying at a concentration of 2000 mg K/L increased significantly most vegetative growth characteristics (plant length, number of branches, number of pods). In addition, phosphorus spraying at 2000 mg P/l gave the highest rate of most vegetative traits (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, number of pods, dry weight of the plant). The interaction had a significant effect on most traits.

Keywords: Mungbean, paper fertilization, potassium, phosphorus

An experiment was conducted at the University of Baghdad College of Agriculture .The objective was to study the effect of gamma rays and salt stress in three Cultivars of wheat Triticum aestivum L.cv: Iba99, Bhuth10 and Sawa. Completely randomized design and factorial experiment with 10 replication were used. The variables were, NaCl salt concentrations 0,0.5,1.0,1.5and 2.0%. Measurements were taken fresh and dry callus weight and concentration ions N,K,Na+ and Cl-. The results of statistical analysis revealed that significant differences among factors and their interactions. treatment of control NaCl gave highest weight callus (171.0mg) and reduction to (40.47) in treatment 2.0% NaCl. The result revealed that there was non significant effect between treatment salt stress in N concentration. and reduction K ion with salt stress gave 2.0% concentration NaCl gave the height mean concentration of Na+ and Cl- (484.4 and 283.1 µg g-1) respectively. Thus, it was concluded increasing these N has increased of cultivars tolerant under salt stress . It was recommended to use gamma rays 100Gy under salt stress when there was breeding wheat invitro.
Key words: Plant tissue culture , salt tolerance , gamma rays, callus.

This study was conducted at the project of Organic Fertilizer Preparing and Mushroom Cultivation in Karbala governorate that belongs to the organic farming center of Baghdad, during 2015 and 2016 to study the effects of three factors (A) substrate type included : wheat straw (W), corn cobs (C), date palm fronds wastes (P), 50% wheat straw+50% corn cobs (WC), 75% wheat straw+25% corn cobs (WwC), 50% wheat straw+50% date palm fronds wastes (WP) and 75% wheat straw+25% date palm fronds wastes (WwP). (B) supplement type were three levels : without supplement (SU0), 20% wheat bran (SU1) and 20% grass land cutting wastes (SU2). (C) spawn level were three levels : 3%(SP1), 5%(SP2) and 7%(SP3), on growth and productivity of Oyster mushroom type Pleurotus sapidus as an experiment according to Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. Results showed a differently effect on fruit bodies quality.The fruit bodies produced from the (W) substrate were higher in protein, fat and crud fiber 23.76, 1.83 and 29.58% respectively, and gave a lower carbohydrate content was 38,52% . (WwP) substrate gave lower protein content 12.63%, lower fat,crude fiber and higher carbohydrate content 1.63%, 27.37 and 49.66 % respectively. Wheat bran supplementation gave higher content of protein, ash, fat and crud fiber 19.64, 6.75, 1.79 and 32.31% respectively. Effects of spawn level on fruit bodies quality were different where SP2 given a protein and fat content 18.08 and 1.77% respectively. SP1 level given a higher content of crud fiber 29.84% and carbohydrate 48.21%. A numbers di- interactions and tri- interactions between the factors of this study recorded a significant increase in the most morphological, productivity and quality characteristics of Oyster Mushroom fungi P.sapidus.
Keyword: Oyster Mushroom, Substrate, Supplement, Spawn
Part of Ph.D. dissertation of the author third

Field experiment was carried out to evaluate new rice variety (Summer 1) by compared with three rice varieties (Anber 33, Anber Baghdad and Anber Manathera) for seasons 2013 and 2014. Randomize complete block design (RCBD) was used and the results analyzed as combining analysis of variance. The results showed that new variety (Summer 1) was compared to anther old varieties in all study characters (date of 50% flowering and maturity, plant high, panicle length, fertility percentage, grain number per panicle, panicle number\m2, thousand grain weight and grains yield Kg\ha) and approached with anther varieties in Industry, cooking, and quality characters.

The availability of green forage to the livestock is one of the most important problems, especially in winters. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different clipping times and nitrogen fertilizer on forage yields and its components of two six- rowed barley varieties at two locations of sulaimani region. The experiments were conducted in two different locations, the first was at College of Agricultural Sciences-University of Sulaimani located (Latitude: 35˚ 33ʹ; N, Longitude 45˚ 27ʹ; E, at altitude of approximately 830 m), and the second at Bazian location, which is situated 22.8 Km Southwestern of Sulaimani city with 814 m altidute above sea level during the winter season of 2014-2015 by using RCB design with split split plot arrangement with 3 replications. Two levels of nitrogen (40 and 80 kg/ha) as the main factor and two varieties of Barley (Ibba-99 and Local) as sub plots and four clipping times (no clip, clip 1, clip 2, and clip 3) as sub sub-plots were investigated. Means comparison were carried out using least significant difference test (LSD) at 0.05 significant levels. The results indicated that the forage yield and forage yield components of barley were significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer, varieties and clipping time’s treatment, and the interactions between treatments also significant for most traits at bakrajo and bazian location. The treatment of 80 kg N/ha fertilizer gave the highest forage yield and forage yield components but for dry matter percent the effect was not significant. Ibba-99 variety performance was better than Local variety in most forage yield and its components. The treatment of third clipping time outyielded the first and second clipping times due to all fresh, dry forage yield, dry matter percent and most forage yield components, and concerning leaves/stem ratio the second clipping time gave the highest ratio. Regarding the interaction between the treatments, N2 (N80 kg/ha) fertilizer with Ibb-99 variety and third clipping time recorded maximum value, while N1 (N40kg/ha) fertilizer with local variety and first clipping time gave minimum value of most traits.

Keywords: Barley; Clipping times; Nitrogen fertilizer; Varieties; Forage yield , Forage yield components; Dry matter%.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of using different milk heat treatments on the activity of yogurt starter Streptococcus thermophillus and Lactobacillus bulgariccus bacteria and its physicochemical, rheological and sensory properties of the yogurt produced by using whole bovine raw milk with pH6.7 and total acidity percentage 0.16% that divided into four treatments which were T1(milk treated at 90 c°) that considered as a control treatment and T2 (milk treated at 60 c° )and T3(milk treated at 70 c°) and T4(milk treated at 95c°),(all these heat treatments considered as pasteurization process) , all treatments holding time for heat treatment was 10 minutes. The tests that involved was the determination of total count starter bacteria count while physicochemical tests involved the estimation percentage of moisture, fat. Protein, ash, total acidity and pH. Rheological tests involved viscosity, spontaneous whey perfusion and water holding capacity beside organoleptic evaluation of yogurt produced. Results showed that the activity of starter bacteria was increased by raising milk heat treatments .The results also showed that there was no effect of milk heat treatments on yogurt chemical composition except protein percentage which increased in T2 and T3 which were subjected to relatively low temperature. In addition to increasing total acidity % and lowering pH with raising milk heat treatments and with storage. Also results had shown that the rheological and sensorial properties were improved by increasing heat treatments.
Keyword: Milk Treatment,Yogurt Starter ,Sensory Properties.

A field experiment was conducted in one of the egg production farms related to Al-Fayhaa company and located in (Babil province – Al-Hilla district – Sinjar village) in the agricultural season 2015-2016,in silt clay loam soil classified at Typic torrifluvent, to study the effect of irrigation alternate of drainage water electrical conductivity of(6.0-6.5)dS m-1 and river water electrical conductivity of (1.0-1.5)dS m-1 on some chemical properties of soil and wheat yield class IPA 99.The Experimental design with RCBD in three replicates .Five irrigation treatments have been imposed : treatment continuous irrigation with river water for all stages of growth B1 , treatment irrigation with river water for the germination and seedling development and vegetative development and Salinity Drainage Water for flowering and yield formation B2 , treatment irrigation with river water for the germination and seedling development and flowering and Salinity Drainage Water for vegetative development and yield formation B3 , treatment irrigation with river water for the germination and seedling development and Salinity Drainage Water for vegetative development and flowering and yield formation B4 ,and treatment continuous irrigation with Salinity Drainage water for all stages of growth B5 . Irrigation was conducted upon the consumption of (50-55%) of available water
The results have indicated the presence of signification differences in electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption values of soil depth 0-45 cm between the beginning and end of the growing season .Accumulation of salts has increased at the end of season .This increase was 45.54 % and 49.30 % in B2 and B3 respectively as compared with beginning of the growing season . as compared with B1 but it was not significant . The treatments B4 and B5 the increase accumulation of salts at the end of season was 87.37 % and 103.46 % respectively .
The results indicated the presence of signification differences in numder of ears and the numder of grainsper milliliter. There was no significant increase in the weight of 1000 grains .

Keywords: Saline water , Alternate irrigation , Wheat , Ec , SAR .

A field experiment for the 2015 agricultural season was carried out in the spring season to study the effect of application three levels of Agroleaf foliar fertilizer (0, 10,and 20 gm.L-1) and four levels of zinc (zinc sulphate) is( 0, 25, 50, and75 mg. L-1) with five times spraying intervals of 10 days on some of the growth and yield parameters of the potato plant Desiree variety.
Experiment was layed out using RCBD with three replicates , means were compared using LSD 0.05 , the results showed that application with foliar Agroleaf 20 gm.L-1 and application with Zinc element 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly the average values of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, dry matter of vegetative growth, Leaf area , leaf content of chlorophyll , number of tubers per plant , weight of tuber , percent of tuber dry matter and marketing yield compared to control treatment with increasing percentages of 29.38 , 25.56 , 27.72 , 23.87 , 19.09 , 11.8 , 32.88 , 12.49 , 30.74 , and 49.67% for parameter above respectively for Agroleaf treatment and increasing percentages of 32.96, 22.26, 46.81, 25.78, 46.38, 19.53, 52.37, 18.86, 28.22 and 81.92% for parameters above respectively in Zinc treatment . The interaction treatment of application with foliar Agroleaf 20 gm.L-1 and application with Zinc element 50 mg.L-1 increased significantly all of the studied parameters above.
Keyword: Potatos , Zinc , Agroleaf , Desiree

The research was carried out in a field in the city of Al-Mahtahiya of Babil province, which was have texture as a Loam clay to study the effect of different tillage and different levels of organic fertilization (cow residues) in some soil properties and Zea Mays L. If there were three tillage factors (Zero tillage, medium tillage 10 cm and conventional tillage 25 cm) and four levels of organic fertilization of the cows' waste (0, 5, 10, 15). T.Ha-1 as the coefficients gave a reduction in the apparent density with increasing tillage depth
Keywords: Tillage , soil physical properties, yellow maize (Zea Mays L.), organic fertilization With 1.41 for zero tillage to 1.35 for medium tillage and 1.34 for conventional tillage. Deep tillage gave the lowest value for the bulk density and the water conductivity value for the zero tillage treatment was 5.61 cm.H while the medium tillage treatment was 7.26 cm.h and the conventional tillage treatment was 7.60 cm.h . The weighted diameter rate values increased with the depth of tillage increased by 1.38 mm for zero tillage treatment and increased to 1.90 mm at conventional tillage.
The addition of organic fertilizer to reduce the bulk density of the virtual amounted to 1.34 for the treatment of 15 tons.Ha and 1.39 for the treatment of the comparison and the hydrophilic conductivity increased with the addition of organic matter increased from 7.33 cm. Hour to add 15 tons. Hectares after they were 6.34 cm. Hour, while the average weighted diameter increased to 2.00 mm in the treatment of 15 tons. 1-hectare after it was 1.22 for its comparative coefficient without the addition of organic matter.
In terms of the effect of the level of tillage and organic matter in the plant properties , the plant height was measured, which increased by increasing the depth of tillage and the weight of 1000 grains, which increased with increasing the depth of tillage and grain reserve also on the same path. As a final result, the interaction between tillage and organic fertilization has improved the physical properties of the soil and thus improved the productivity of the maize plant.

Experiment was conductd at Autum season of 2016 at Almusharah district which belong to Maysan province to study the response of some melon cultivars to Urea fertilizer and pintching their effects on vegetative and flowering growth, chemical constituent of leave, total and qualitative yiled and storage ability. The experiment included18 factorial treatments came from three cultivars; Samit F1, Hira F1, and local cultivur(shuwachi), besides, three levels of Urea fertilizers(0,40,80)kg per dounum and two pintching treatments. ltuas conducted as factorial experiment in split split design as a randomomized complete block design in three repli cates. Mean were compaired by LSD at 0.05 propability. Results can be summarized .As follow: the loss of weight after 5 days of storage, while Samit F1 decrease weight loss after 10days of storage. Hira F1, had the highest total soluble solids after 5days of storage and both hybrids had the highest total soluble solids after 10days of storage .Urea fertilized at 40 kgl donum and unfertilized plant had the lowest weight loss after 5daya of storage. Pintched plants were superior in total soluble solids after 5 and 10 days of storage compaired to unpintched plants. the interaction among treatment were significant in some characteristics.
Key Words: : Cucumis melo L., cultivars, pinching, urea fertilizer, Storage ability

Determination of gene effects and combining abilities is a critical stage in maize hybrid breeding, and for this purpose inbred lines of maize G17, Inbreed12, ZM51, Th97Allah-K122, G105 and G54 were used as male parents in this study and crossed with the testers ZM47R, CA21R and ZM49R as female parents. Parents and the resulting hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at three locations (Sharqat, Hawija and Mosul) through autumn season of 2013. During the growing and maturity periods, data were collected for dates of tasseling and silking, plant height, ear length and diameter, number of rows and grains per ear, 100 grain weight, grain yield per plant, oil percent and protein percent. The results (as average of the three locations) showed that mean square of lines and testers were highly significant on all the characters except oil percent for lines indicating the importance of additive gene effect in controlling its inheritance. The two inbred lines Th97Allah.K122 and G105 were identified as good general combiners for grain yield per plant because they showed significant desired general combining ability effects for this character. Th97Allah.K122 was superior compared with G105 because of significant positive GCA for most other characters, then two lines have potential additive gene effects to be utilized in the breeding programs. CA21R tester showed favorable additive gene effects for grain yield per plant, some of its components, early maturity and oil percent. The highest grain yield per plant (195.22 gm) with significant desirable specific combining ability effect belonged to ZM47R × Th97Alla-K122 combination, in addition to its significant desirable specific combining ability effects for dates of tasseling and silking, ear diameter, number of rows and grains per ear and 100 grain weight, followed by crosses (CA21R x Inbreed12), (CA21R x G54), (ZM49R x G17) and (ZM49R x G105). Additive genetic variance was substantially higher than dominance genetic variance for all characters except ear diameter and oil percent, indicating that additive gene effects were more prominent than dominance effects in controlling its inheritance, therefore, narrow sense heritability estimates closely resembled the broad sense heritability values especially for dates of tasseling silking and plant height. Narrow sense heritability values ranged between 0.1229 for oil percent and 0.6827 for 100 grain weight, and was high for plant height, number of grains per ear and 100 grain yield, medium for dates of tasseling silking, ear length, number of rows per ear and grain yield per plant and low for other characters, and medium to high narrow sense heritability estimates enable to select for favorable additive gene effects among the studied lines.
Keywords: General combining, Inbred line, Maize, Tester, single crosses

Experiment was conductd at Autum season of 2016 at Almusharah district which belong to Maysan province to study the response of some melon cultivars to Urea fertilizer and pintching their effects on vegetative and flowering growth, chemical constituent of leave, total and qualitative yiled. The experiment included18 factorial treatments came from three cultivars; Samit F1, Hira F1, and local cultivur(shuwachi), besides, three levels of Urea fertilizers(0,40,80)kg per dounum and two pintching treatments. lt was conducted as factorial experiment in split split plot as a randomomized complete block design in three repli cates. Mean were compaired by LSD at 0.05 propability. Results can be summarized.
The results indicated that pinching had a significant effect on leaves and yield chemical components. cultivars "SAMIT F1" and "HIRA F1" significantly exceed local "shuwachi" cultivar in all studied traits . plants fertilized by 80 kg urea donum-1 showed significant higher studied traits in comparison un fertilized. Most di-and tri interactions significant effect.
Key Words: : Cucumis melo L., cultivars, pinching, urea fertilizer.

This study was carried out at the Ruminant Research Station, State Board for Agricultural Research in Abu Ghraib (20 km west of Baghdad), and over period from 1/2/2016 to 1/7/2016 using 190 records for Turkish Awassi sheep were statistically analyzed . The aim of the study is to estimate the heritability of wool traits and genetic and phenotypic correlation between wool traits and somebody measurements.
The overall means for the clean fleece weight was 1.60 ± 0.8 kg, and for the fiber diameter and fiber length from back were 24.76 ± 1.26 µ and 27.91 ± 1.62 cm, from nick were 28.55 ± 0.82 µ and 18.03 ± 0.75 cm and from thigh were 18.15 ± 1.47 µ and 22.23 ± 1.37 cm respectively. Study results showed that heritability estimation of wool traits was medium reached 0.32 for clean fleece weight, and for fiber diameter and fiber length from back were 0.42 and 0.29, and from nick were 0.33 and 0.33, and from thigh were 0.26 and 0.31 respectively. The overall means for the body length, high at front and chest girth were 63.46 ± 2.09 , 71.14 ± 3.41 and 104.53 ± 7.31 cm, as well as the heritability estimate of this measurements were 0.44, 0.35 and 0.41 respectively. Positive genetic and phenotypic correlation were also investigated between significant and highly significant for clean fleece weight, fiber length or fiber diameter from back, nick or thigh with body measurements, represented by body length, high at front and the highest was between clean fleece weight and body length, genetically and phonetically which reached 0.79 and 0.84 respectively.
Keyword: Turkish awassi sheep, Genetic and phenotypic parameters, wool traits, body measurements.

This study was conducted in Nutrition Lab. of Animal Production Department to investigate the effect of type and level of substitution of urea with ruminant manure (sheep, cow and buffalo) on basis of nitrogen content on fermentation characteristics of rice straw silage. Urea was substituted with dried manure at 6 combinations, 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. Silage samples were prepared by treating chopped straw with pre-treated solution contained 10% low quality debis and 2% urea. Treated straw was packed in double plastic bags which were closed tightly and fermented for 60 days in bits. Results revealed that all parameters of silage fermentation were significantly (P˂0.01) affected by type of manure. Lower pH value was associated with samples prepared by addition of sheep manure as compared with those prepared by addition of cow and buffalo manure, values were 5.04, 5.17 and 5.31 respectively. Reduction (P˂0.01) in pH with increasing level of manure in combinations was also noticed as compared with combination of 100:0 (no manure was added) which recorded higher pH value (6.16). Results also showed that there was a reduction (P˂0.05) in concentration of ammonia nitrogen in samples of rice straw silage prepared by addition of sheep manure (0.642) in comparison with 0.679 and 0.682 g/100 g total nitrogen recorded in samples prepared by addition of cow and buffalo manures respectively. Higher (P˂0.01) concentration of ammonia nitrogen was recorded in combination of 100:0. Concentrations were 0.906, 0.754, 0.696, 0.582, 0.535 and 0.533 g/100 g total nitrogen for combinations of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Regarding concentration of total volatile fatty acids, results revealed that there was increase (P˂0.01) in samples prepared by addition of cow manure as compared with those prepared by addition of sheep and buffalo manure, values were 2, 1.76 and 1.62 % of dry matter respectively. Significant increase (P˂0.01) in concentration of these acids was also noticed in samples prepared with combinations of 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50, lower concentration (1.568) was associated with samples prepared without addition of manure (100:0)

Okra is one of the most economically important vegetable crop and widely grown all over tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of the world. The study was conduct in Al-Taleiaa district, Babylon Province, Iraq to identify economics of okra production and the factors that influence okra production .125 farmers were select as a random sample. Results showed that average of cultivated Okra area was (5.19 donum), Okra farms of area (10 – 12 donum) achieved highest total costs (13750 thousand dinars), highest average revenue (27000 thousand dinars), and highest average profit (13250 thousand dinars), cost of human labor was the highest percentage (69.1%) from production costs followed by fertilization (9.3%), and land preparation (6.7%). Cobb-Douglas production function mode indicated that per donum gross returns were significantly influenced by cultivated okra area, education Level, experience in okra cultivation and cost of human labor .Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were suggested to improve vegetable cultivation practices and to increase farmers' income and employment opportunities. Thus, rural people can earn a lot of money by okra cultivation.
Key words: production economics, okra cultivation, okra farmers, Babylon province

180 fish of type Liza abu were collected from fish market in Al-Diwanya city from August to October 2015 for detection of internal parasites.
15 fish were infecting with third larval stage of Contracaecum sp. with ratio 8.3%. We also investigate the intensity of infection, and the relation between rate and intensity of infection with length of fish and months of study.
The mean of intensity of infection was 6.06 larva\fish in period of study. In August and September the mean of intensity of infection were 5.4 and 6.2 respectively. In October the mean number of larva was 11\fish. In general, the mean of number of larva was 1-11 larva\fish.
Rate of infection according to months of study were 15%, 8.3% and 1.06% in August, September and October respectively.
We found a relation between length of fish and rate of infection, in fish with length 16 cm was high than fish with length 6-10cm, 11-15 cm respectively.
Keywords: Liza abu, Larval stages, Diwanyia, Prevalence.

A Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar fertilizer application of Potassium and boron on leaf content of ( NPK) and their effect on some yield components of maize at one private farmer at Al- Taigia region , Babylon governorate . The experiment included four concentrations of K and B solutions ( 0 , 1000 , 2000 and 3000 mg B.L-1) and ( 0 ,5 ,10 and 15 mg K. L-1 ). The experiment was layed out according to the factorial experiment with three replicates using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)and means were compared using Least Significance Different (LSD0.05) test. Spraying of K and B led to significant increase in leaves content of ( NPK ) elements as follows : Leaves content of N was increase by(18.0 % ), P by( 34.91%) and K by ( 19.22 %) when spraying the highest concentration of K and B elements respectively. Concerning yield and it, s components , K treatments led to significant increase in the grains number and the weight of 500 grains in kernel by ( 1.8 ,14.2 % ) , respectively , whereas spraying by Boron was(8.6,11.4)% increase rates for the same perimeters respectively. .

keywords: part of M.Sc. thesis for the first author

The present investigation was conducted during the winter season of 2011– 2012, at two different locations Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station and Research field at Penjwen, to comparison yield and yield component traits of four cereal crops under different seed rates with their interactions. The four cereal crops were durum wheat, barley, triticale, and rye, while the four different seed rates were 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg ha-1, using split plot design in which main plots in RCBD within four replicates. The four cereal crops were implemented in the main plots while the different seed rates were implemented in the sub-plots. Statistical analysis showed the presence of highly significant differences among the four cereal crops for all studied traits at both locations and their average except carbohydrate content. The results showed that triticale exceeded other crops in grain yield, biological yield and harvest index at both locations and their average. Wheat crop produced maximum values of average spike weight, grain weight spike-1, number of grains spikelet-1 and 1000 grain weight at both locations and their average. The lowest values of grain yield and biological yield were recorded under lowest seed rate 120 kg ha-1 at both locations and their average. It was noticed that increasing seed rates caused increases in grain yield and biological yield step by step. The seed rate 160 kg ha-1recorded maximum values for the traits spike length, spike weight plant-1, grain weight plant-1 and the number of grains spike-1, while the seed rate 200 kg ha-1produced the highest values for both traits grain weight spike-1 and 1000 grain weight.
Statistical results showed that the effect of interaction between cereal crops and seed rates were not significant on yield traits and chemical components at both locations and their average except grain yield and carbohydrate content of Qlyasan location. Due to yield component and related traits, the results showed that the effect of interactions was significant or highly significant on some of the traits. Qlyasan location predominated Penjwen location in all of the traits except harvest index.
Keywords: Cereals; durum wheat; barley; triticale; rye; yield and yield component traits; chemical traits; seeding rates

This research was conducted in the research unit (A), College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad in the growing season 2016-2017 to study the influence of foliar spray of Amino acid (Tryptophan) and Nitrogen fertilizer on improvement the qualities and quantity of the yields on Rocket( Eruca sativa Mill.(. The Tryptophan sprayed with four concentration 0,50,100 and 150mg.L-1 The spraying was done three times .The nitrogen fertilizer as urea 46%N was added to the soil at three concentration 0, 75 and 150kg.ha-1. the results showd thatspray by tryptophan 150mg.L-1 and nitrogen 150 kg.ha-1 gave best results in number of leaves 30.57 leaf.plant-1, leaf area per plant 1160.0cm2, the percentage of dry weight 13.23% the leaf content of chlorophyll 45.13 SPAD, and plant height 52.40cm , and leaves production4.50kg.m2while the control gave less results of this studied characteristics.

Keyword:Eruca sativa Mill. ,tryptophan, nitrogen.

This research work was conducted in the research unit (A), College of Agriculture-University Baghdad in the growing season 2016-2017 to study the in fluence of foliar spray of Amino acied Tryptophan and Nitrogen fertilizer on improvement of qualities and quantity of the yields of Rocket( Eruca sativa Mill .(. The Tryptophan was foliar sprayed at four concentration 0,50,100 and 150mg.L-1 The spraying was done thrice .The nitrogen fertilizer as urea 46%N was added to the soil at three concentration 0, 75 and 150kg.ha-1. the results showd that spraying by tryptophan 150mg.L-1 and nitrogen at the rate 150 kg.ha-1 give best results in the percentage of nitrogen, phosphours and potassium in the leaves (1.49%, 0.55%, 2.15%) respectively. The leaf content of Quercetin, Kamepherol 1052.6 and 50.30 mg.g-1 and Tryptophan 78.451mg.g-1 while the control gave less results of studied characteristics.

Keyword: Eruca sativa Mill. ,tryptophan, nitrogen.

Pots experiment was conducted in a nursery affiliated to the Al-Qasim town during the spring season of (2016 - 17). The aim of the experiment was to find the effect chelated nano iron and zinc fertilizer(seven concentration) in two application methods: foliar applied (0 ,1Fe, 2Fe,1Zn, 2Zn, 1Fe +1Zn, 2Fe+2Zn) g.L-1 and fertigation was included (0 ,80Fe, 160Fe,80Zn, 160Zn, 80Fe +80Zn, 160Fe +160Zn) mg.L-1 and organic fertilizer Drin (0.0 , 5) ml.L-1 and their interactions on growth parameter, and the production of active substances as well as mineral and organic content of the leaves and some anatomical features of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br.
The experiment was designed in a randomized complete blocks (RCBD), in a Factorial arrangement (7*2*2) with three replications. The Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level was used to compare treatments means, whenever treatment effects were evident.
The nano iron and zinc fertilizer and the methods application (first treatment) as well as organic fertilizer Drin were applied at (6- 8 fully expanded leaves) stage. While the second application of nano fertilizer and organic fertilizer, was after three month from the first treatment.
The results showed that the use of recommended concentration of nano iron fertilizer had given highest percentages N. The use of nano zinc fertilizer by the concentration of recommended had increased percentages of P. The addition of both nano iron and nano zinc in recommended concentration had superior percentages of Mg% compared with the single dose. Foliar application of nano fertilizer given highest percentages N2 while The application fertigation method had given highest percentages of P,K,Mg and Ca. Foliar application of organic fertilizer (5ml. L-1) had increased all parameters studied and the interaction between the factors had given the same result.
Key words :nano iron and zinc, application method, Calotropis procera

A pot culture experiment was conducted in Al-Qasim city during the spring season of 2016-2017. The design of the experiment was Randomized Complete Blocks (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement with three replicate to study the effect of seven concentrations of nano iron and nano zinc fertilizer in two addition methods [by using a hand sprayer or with irrigation water (fertigation)] with the recommended and doubled concentrations for them as foliar spraying were (0 ,1Fe, 2Fe,1Zn, 2Zn, 1Fe +1Znand 2Fe+2Zn) g.L-1 and fertigation (0 ,80Fe, 160Fe,80Zn, 160Zn, 80Fe +80Zn and 160Fe +160Zn) mg.L-1. The third factor included two concentrations of organic fertilizer Drin foliar fertilizer (0.0 and 5) ml. L-1 on the leaves content of active ingredient of Calotropis procera. Means were compared by using Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 0.05 probability level. The results showed a significant differences when the plants treated with nano-iron at the recommended concentrations recording the highest significant effect in rates of sterols while the doubled concentrations of nano zinc recorded the highest α-tocopherol, and using both (Fe+Zn) in the recommended concentration was superior with Calotropincontent. Foliar application of nano fertilizer was succeeded in significantly increasing sterols and Calotropinwhile the highest content of the Amyrin and α-tocopherol was recorded by fertigation methods. The use of organic fertilizer by the concentration of 5ml. L-1 significant affected all studied traits except α-tocopherol. And the interaction between the factors gave the same result.
Key words :nano iron and zinc, application method, Calotropis procera

An experiment was conducted by using pots contain 20 kg soil during the season 2016-2017 in the Department of Biology/College of Education/AL– Qadisiya University to study the effect foliar application of nano chelated iron concentrations, GA3 and organic fertilizer (Acadian) in Content of fatty acids (linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid and stearic acid) and Ascorbic acid in leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. The experiment was designed according to (RCBD) Randomized Complete Blocks Design with a factorial arrangement with three replicate, involved the nano chelated iron spring with (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) g.L-1,the GA3 application used with (0, 200 and 400) mg.L-1 and organic fertilizer Acadian with (0,1) g.L-1 and their interaction. After 150 days from the date of germination, Using the GCMS device to measure the percentage of fatty acids and Ascorbic acid. Means were compared by using averages least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Results showed that: The concentration of 4 gL-1 of the nano-chelated iron achieved the highest percentage of fatty acids and Ascorbic acid. Concentration 400 mg L-1 gibberellin achieved the highest percentage of fatty acid α-linolenic acid and stearic acid, While the effect of GA3 was negative on the percentage of Ascorbic acid at the concentration of 200 mg. L-1, and there in no significant effect in the percentage of linoleic acid. Organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the increase in percentage of studied parameters. Three way intraction of the studies factors showed significant increase for most of the studied traits, especially the combination of use organic manure with 1 gL-1 nano-chelated iron and the comparison treatment of GA3.
Key words: Moringa oleifera, nano-chelated iron, GC-MS, fatty acid, Ascorbic acid.