Mustansiriyah Journal of Humanities

The aim of the current study is to measure the social support of individuals who were discovered for Swedish displacement in 1980 from the Faylee Kurds in Baghdad Governorate exclusively, numbering (1436) according to the statistics of the Ministry of Migration and Displacement, to find a definition (Kaplan, 1981) which includes a set of relationships, interactions and social ties with others that there is only a term, As a person can depend on them and increase his confidence in them in case he needs them to provide emotional and social support (Caplan, 1981, p: 413). The social support scale consisted of (37) paragraphs, and through discrimination, paragraphs (7, 9, 13) were dropped from the scale, leaving only (34) paragraphs, and the correction alternatives were (often = 3, sometimes = 2, rarely = 1). The researcher used the descriptive approach. The sample was chosen randomly. The sample size was (200) displaced individuals from Baghdad Governorate. Then the researcher extracted the psychometric characteristics (validity and reliability) of the scale, and concluded that forcibly displaced individuals are characterized by support among themselves, meaning that they are able to confront external pressures by supporting each other under difficult exceptional circumstances. The researcher concluded with a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aimed to modify the academic choices of third-year middle school students through:
A. Developing a collective guidance program to modify the academic choices of third-year middle school students.
B. Identifying the effect of the collective guidance program on modifying the academic choices of third-year middle school students through the use of seven guidance program hypotheses.
The research sample consisted of (60) male and female students randomly selected from among third-year middle school students who had differences in academic preference and choice at Al-Shaheed Abu Al-Maali Middle School for Boys and Al-Ritaj Middle School for Girls.
To achieve the research objective, the researcher carried out the following procedures:
A. Preparing a scale for scientific and literary inclinations for third-year middle school students.
B. Formulating an academic choice questionnaire.
C. Developing a collective guidance program.
The research concluded that the collective guidance program for modifying academic choices among third-year middle school students had a positive impact on modifying the academic choices of students in the experimental group (both genders).

The aim of the research is to identify the level of depression and its relationship to the emotional intelligence of adolescents, and for the purpose of verifying this, the researcher uses the (Beck) scale, which consists of (21) items. As for the emotional intelligence scale, it consisted of (51) items and was prepared by Dr. Farouk Al-Sayed Othman and Muhammad Rizk (2001) based on the "Daniel Goleman" model. The scale was modified so that the answer is in the form of three. The current researcher used factor analysis to extract the validity of the scale. The research sample consisted of (200) male and female students, as the number of females was (100) students and the number of males was (100) students from the preparatory stage. The results showed that about 76 students do not suffer from depression, which constitutes 39% of the total sample. While the number of students with simple depression reached about 60 students, which constitutes 28% of the total sample, while the students with moderate depression reached 36 male and female students, which constitutes 19%, while the number of students suffering from severe depression reached 19. students, which constitutes 9%. Finally, the number of students who suffer from very severe depressive symptoms reached 10 male and female students, which constitutes about 5% of the total sample of 205 male and female students. It was found that females suffer more than males in the severity of depressive symptoms, as well as the result of the research showed that there is a negative correlation between depression and the scores of the emotional intelligence scale among the members of the research sample.

The current research aims to identify intermittent explosive disorder among middle school students in the third intermediate grade and its prevalence rate among them and to identify the significance of statistical differences according to the gender variable (males-females) for the diagnosed sample. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the scale (Abdul Razzaq, Khatam 2022), which was built according to the standards of the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and Illnesses. The number of paragraphs of the scale reached (19) paragraphs. After verifying its psychometric properties of validity, two methods were used to extract validity, namely apparent validity and construct and discrimination validity. The correlation coefficient (Point by Serial) was used to extract the correlation relationship, as the tabular value reached (0.98) at a significance level of (0.05) and a degree of freedom of (398). This indicated that all paragraphs are distinct. The reliability was calculated by the test-retest method and the (Cronbach's alpha) method on a sample of (50) male and female students from the middle stage, which was selected by the random stratum method for the academic year (2024_2025), and the results were as follows:
1_ The prevalence rate of intermittent explosive disorder
2_ The presence of differences in intermittent explosive disorder in favor of males

The current research aimed to investigate the factorial structure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) and assess its validity and reliability among students at Al-Mustansiriyah University. The scale, originally developed by Spielberger and colleagues in its revised version (Y) (1983) based on Spielberger’s theory, consists of 40 items .
After translating the scale and verifying the accuracy of the translation, a pilot study was conducted on a sample of 20 students. The scale was then administered to a stratified random sample of 240 students from Al-Mustansiriyah University. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using the principal components method, and the Kaiser criterion was applied to determine the number of factors. Orthogonal rotation using Varimax was conducted, and the results indicated the presence of two subscales consistent with the original scale. All items loaded significantly on their respective factors except for two items, which had loadings below 0.30.For reliability, the test-retest method and internal consistency (using Cronbach’s alpha) were employed, yielding satisfactory results.

The current study aims at identifying healthy indifference among university students and identify psychological Hardness among university students, and identify the correlation relationship between healthy indifference and psychological hardness among university students. To achieve the objectives of the study, a scale of health apathy consisting of (20) items is prepared, and a scale of psychological hardness consists of (25) items with five alternatives is prepared, based on Bandura's theory of psychological recovery and Kobasa's theory of psychological hardness. The study sample consists of (150) male and female students, (75) male students and (75) female students. After analyzing the data. The results of the study show that the study sample does not have health indifference and there is a relationship between health indifference and psychological hardness. e arrived at, the researchers have put forward a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current study aims to examine:
1. Rejection sensitivity among middle school students.
2. Awareness of the dangers of drugs among middle school students.
3. The relationship between rejection sensitivity and awareness of the dangers of drugs among middle school students.
Then the sample of the current research was chosen from (400) students in the six education directorates in Baghdad Governorate, where they were chosen by the stratified random method, and the researchers adopted the rejection sensitivity scale (Al-Tamimi, 2024) and the number of its paragraphs was (23) paragraphs, and four alternatives were placed in front of each paragraph (always, sometimes, rarely, never), giving each option, when correcting, the grades (1, 2, 3, 4) respectively. After ensuring the validity and reliability of the rejection sensitivity scale and its paragraphs, the data were analyzed using the statistical bag on the basic research sample, which amounted to (400) students. The researchers also adopted the drug dangers awareness scale of (Mughair, 2024) and the number of its paragraphs was (32) paragraphs, and four alternatives were placed in front of each paragraph, which are (always applies to it, often applies to it, sometimes applies to it, never applies to it), giving each option, when correcting, the grades (1, 2, 3, 4) respectively. After ensuring the goal and the reliability of the scale and its paragraphs, the data were analyzed using the statistical bag on the sample The basic research, which reached (400) students, the results were as follows: The research sample has a sensitivity to rejection, and they also have awareness of the dangers of drugs. There is a correlation between the sensitivity of rejection and awareness of the dangers of drugs among middle school students. According to the results, the current research came out with a set of proposals and recommendations.

Efficiency of healthy relations among university students
It is important that the individual is socially competent in building healthy relationships with the members of society and shares with others their various occasions and be a person who has respect for others and compassion with them and is characterized by kindness and his relations in society are positive and reach a peaceful and positive resolution of disputes between the parties to the conflict and is also characterized by the individual who enjoys the efficiency of healthy relationships that he is emotionally intelligent because he can feel positive emotions about himself and others. In order to achieve the current research, the researcher has built a measure of the efficiency of healthy relations among university students, and the scale has been applied to a sample of 120 university students, and the results showed that university students are characterized by the efficiency of healthy relations, and the results of the research came out with a number of recommendations

The present study aims to examine thought control and its relationship with the fear of academic failure among graduate students. Additionally, it seeks to explore the differences in the relationship between thought control and fear of academic failure among graduate students based on gender (male and female).
To achieve this objective, the study utilized the Thought Control Scale developed by Wells and Davies (1994), which consists of 30 items. Furthermore, the Fear of Academic Failure Scale, developed by Abdul Ali (2018), comprising 26 items, was employed. Both scales were administered to a randomly selected sample of 112 students.
The findings revealed that thought control and fear of academic failure are not influenced by gender. Based on these results, the study presents a set of recommendations and suggestions.

celebrities in higher educational training aim to prepare the specialist professor in preparation, then physically, functionally, culturally, socially and psychologically, so that he can perform effectively and have the ability to understand the events he faces. He is teaching university when he suffers from difficulties without satisfying his jobs to the Malinois employees, who show signs of disturbance, anxiety, insecurity, and psychological reassurance. The children are the university professor in Manna Psychologically, which is a basic requirement for professional compatibility and his success in his work, which is linked to his psychological being and the level of satisfaction of his needs, and among these needs is his level of feeling of psychological stability. The feeling of insecurity is one of the psychological pressures facing the university professor, and one of the causes of his feeling of fear of the future, which affects his motivation and is reflected negatively. On his students and his community, and the impact of the university professor on his students is not limited to the information he provides to them, but rather includes the impact that his personality leaves on them as a model for the students to imitate The current research aimed to identify the following:
1- Psychological stability among university teachers.
2- Job performance among university teachers
3- The correlation between psychological stability and job performance among university teachers
4- The difference in the relationship between psychological stability and job performance among university teachers according to the variables of gender (males - females) and specialization (scientific - humanities)
The current research focuses on teachers at Al-Mustansiriya University / College of Education for the academic year (2023-2024). The researcher used two tools: the first
To measure psychological stability, it consists of (28) items, and the second to measure job performance consists of (33) items prepared by the researcher, and after conducting their psychometric properties and applying them to the research sample of (200) teachers, the research reached the following results:
1- The presence of psychological stability among university teachers
2- The presence of functional performance among university students.
3- There is a correlation between psychological stability and job performance among university teachers
4-There are no statistically significant differences between psychological stability and job performance among university teachers according to the variables of gender (male and female) and specialization (scientific - humanities), and then the research came out with some recommendations and proposals.

This research deals with the topic of "From Stigma to Acceptance: A Theoretical Perspective on the Integration of the Blind in Society", as it focuses on studying the impact of social stigma on the blind and ways to enhance their social acceptance. The research begins by defining stigma and social acceptance in the context of the blind, with identifying the research objectives that aim to study the impact of stigma and strategies to enhance acceptance.
In the theoretical framework, the concept of social stigma and its impact on the blind is addressed, in addition to studying the concept of social acceptance and its dimensions related to the target group. Theories and theoretical strategies related to the integration of the blind in society are also reviewed.
The research also includes a review of the literature related to stigma and social acceptance, as previous studies are analyzed to understand the relationships between stigma and acceptance in different societies.
Finally, the research deals with the theoretical analysis of theories related to stigma and social acceptance, with deducing strategies to improve the integration of the blind in society. This is followed by summarizing the results and providing recommendations to enhance the social acceptance of the blind in societies.
This research represents a theoretical addition to improving the integration of the blind by adopting strategies to reduce stigma and enhance societal acceptance.

The rapid changes and new situations that students go through are part of the threats they face, which are evident in their clear failure to focus on the methods and ways they adopt in shaping their lives and choosing goals that may not be consistent with themselves, as shaping students' lives helps them find meaning in life by focusing on their future, helping them set goals, and developing concrete plans to achieve those goals and overcome obstacles. The current research aims to identify the life formulation of university students and the flexibility of the ego among university students and the statistical significance of the correlation between life formulation and ego flexibility among university students and the differences in the correlation between life formulation and ego flexibility among university students according to the variables of gender (male-female) and specialization (scientific-human). To achieve the research objectives, the researcher selected a random sample from the research community of (378) male and female students for the year (2023/2024) and they were distributed in a proportional random manner. The research tools were applied and using the appropriate statistical tools and extracting the values of validity and reliability for the research tools, the results were reached, and in light of them, the results were set. The researchers made several recommendations and suggestions.

The current recognition research aims to:
1. Thinking about finishing university.
2. Tourism distortions at the university
3. Correspondence between suicidal ideation and tourist distortions with university students.
4. The difference in the compatibility between creative thinking and tourism distortions at the university according to the gender variable (males - females).
5. Differences in compatibility between intellectual thinking and tourism distortions at the university according to specialization (scientific-humanitarian).
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the scale (Al-Taie 2019) to measure suicidal ideation, which in its final form consists of (24) items, and the Aaron Beck scale, Arabicized by (Al-Shammari 2013), to measure cognitive distortions, which in its final form consists of (39) items. After extracting the psychometric properties of the two scales in terms of validity and reliability, the researcher applied the two scales to a sample of (200) male and female students from the College of Education/Al-Mustansiriya University who were chosen randomly.
The results showed that the students do not have suicidal thoughts compared to the theoretical average, and that they enjoy high awareness and do not have cognitive distortions. The results also showed that there is a direct relationship between suicidal ideation and cognitive distortions, while no differences appeared in the relationship according to the variables of gender and specialization. In light of the results, the researcher gave some recommendations and suggestions.

The issue of extremism represents one of the main concerns in modern societies. It is a daily life issue deeply rooted in the structural framework of visions, ideals, and ideologies accepted by society. Extremist thought, like any cognitive construct, is a social phenomenon that both influences and is influenced by other phenomena. It is closely linked to historical, political, religious, social, economic, and other conditions that societies face. The challenges to intellectual security are numerous and varied, including internal and external factors, as well as shared influences between them. Intellectual invasion, ideological and psychological warfare, media influence, the information explosion, the rise of extremist groups, and economic, political, and social conditions are all real challenges to intellectual security in Islamic societies. Therefore, intellectual deviation is not only a legal and religious crime but also harms the creed of the Islamic nation. It serves as a means to spread heresies and discord among Muslims, distorting the true image of Islam, which is characterized by moderation and balance, far from extremism and excess. When examining extremism among youth, it is evident that it stems from numerous and diverse causes, including psychological, social, political, and economic factors. The cause of extremism may also be personal, related to the characteristics of the youth themselves, their psychological makeup, their social upbringing, family relationships, peer groups, and the social environment they live in, which may be marked by value contradictions or stark disparities between their reality and their aspirations. The lack of a clear future vision further exacerbates the issue. Extremism is a global phenomenon that encompasses the entire world and is as old as humanity itself. It has social, political, religious, and psychological dimensions, making it a complex phenomenon. Therefore, its diagnosis and treatment should not be confined to a single perspective, no matter how important it may seem.
Research Aims : The current research aims to identify:
1. The concept of extremism
2. The causes of extremism
3. The effects of extremism
4. The forms of extremism
5. The manifestations of extremism
6. The psychological components of extremism
7. Theoretical explanations of extremism
8. Youth and extremism
9. A psychological reading of extremism
The psychological reading of extremism reveals that youth are highly sensitive to the organic, psychological, and intellectual changes occurring within them, as well as the social and political changes in their reality. They are also affected by sweeping political transformations, rapid social and civilizational changes, and ideological shifts. This leads to confusion and crises among youth as they search for identity and meaning in their existence, often feeling alienated or responding in extreme ways. The prevailing collective climate plays a significant role in shaping identity. Additionally, youth in the university stage may either have discovered themselves, achieved their identity, and integrated into adult society, or they may remain plagued by feelings of failure, facing the crisis of this period and feeling lost, unsure of what they truly want or how they are perceived by others, resulting in an identity crisis.

يستهدف البحث الحالي التعرف على الكفاءة الرقمية والحكمة المعرفية لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا، والعلاقة الارتباطية بينهما، ومن أجل تحقيق ذلك أعتمد الباحثان مقياس الكفاءة الرقمية المُعد من قبل فيراري (Ferrar,2012,) المؤلف من(29) فقرة، ومقياس الحكمة المعرفية الذي اعدته أرديلت (Ardilt,2003) المؤلف من (14) فقرة، واستكمالاً لذلك تم تطبيق المقياسين على عينة تكونت من(400) طالب وطالبة من جامعة القادسية، تم اختيارها بالطريقة الطبقية العشوائية على وفق الأسلوب المتناسب، وبعد جمع البيانات ومعالجتها إحصائياً بالاستعانة بالحقيبة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) توصلت نتائج البحث إلى أن طلبة الدراسات العليا لديهم كفاءة رقمية، ويتمتعون بحكمة معرفية، وهناك علاقة ارتباطية ايجابية بين الكفاءة الرقمية والحكمة المعرفية، وبناءً على النتائج التي خرج بها البحث تم إعداد عدة توجيهات ومقترحات.

The comprehensiveness of knowledge does not only apply to the phenomena you study, but also to the minds that receive it. The truth imposes itself on everyone as soon as it appears, and it can be transmitted to all people. Certainty does not mean that knowledge is fixed, but rather it means relying on convincing and conclusive evidence. However, it does not mean that it is above change. Since thinking is one of the main ways to direct human life, negatively or positively, what we think about with concentrated thought in our conscious mind is implanted and integrated into our experience. Whatever we believe, it will turn into truth when you give it your feelings. The stronger your belief becomes, the higher the emotion you add to it. The current research aimed to identify cognitive sharing and positive thinking among university students and what is the correlation between them. To verify this, the researchers adopted the cognitive sharing scale of (Mahdi 2021), which consisted of (17) paragraphs after the psychometric properties procedures according to the research methodology and adopted the positive thinking test of (Karim 2018) consisting of (40) paragraphs. After statistical procedures, the psychometric properties of the research sample (400) male and female students from the university who were randomly selected were calculated. After collecting and statistically processing the information, the researchers reached the following results: -
- University students enjoy cognitive sharing.
- University students enjoy a good level of positive thinking.
- There is a positive, direct, significant relationship between cognitive sharing and positive thinking.
Based on the results of the current research, some recommendations and future proposals were reached

The present study aims to measure the level of the joy of digital missing out among university students, as well as to examine the differences in this joy based on the variables of gender and academic major, To achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers relied on the Joy of Digital Missing Out Scale developed by Khalid in 2022, consisting of 20 items. The researchers extracted the psychometric properties of the scale, such as validity and reliability, Afterwards, the scale was administered to a sample of 381 male and female university students, The results showed that university students experience a high level of the joy of digital missing out. Furthermore, the findings revealed no statistically significant differences based on gender (male and female) or academic major (scientific and humanities). Based on these results, the researchers presented a set of recommendations and suggestions.

The study is based on a basic question, the text of which is: What is the impact of field management on field workers?
The study reached several results, the most important of which are: the presence of a strong positive impact of the application of field management systems on the development of administrative work within the institution, the presence of high knowledge among workers of the systems applied at work, and that the facilities necessary to support the systems are largely available from the workplace. Field electronics are highly rated in terms of their effectiveness.
One of the most important recommendations of the study was to work on fully activating field electronic management and converting all administrative procedures that take place in the traditional way to electronic after developing them in line with the goals of electronic management, and attention to providing the needs of all deanships of technical requirements and training courses in the field of electronic systems, and continuous improvement of the structure. Infrastructure to be compatible with technological development, and the development of current electronic systems in terms of speed, protection and compatibility with business needs.

Greek education differed significantly from Eastern education. Eastern education was characterized by rigidity and a conservative spirit, while Greek education was distinguished by its ability to grant individuals freedom of thought and innovation, and by its ability to foster individual growth in all its political, moral, scientific, and artistic aspects.
The Greek philosophers considered the goal of education to be understanding the meaning of life and understanding the things that are appropriate for a human being to strive for and obtain. To achieve the goal of the research, the research proceeded in six axes as follows: The first axis discussed the educational views of Socrates, who made man the measure of things. The second axis discussed sophistry and its role in linking philosophy and education. Then came The third section was devoted to the philosopher Plato, presenting his most important educational views. The fourth section discussed the philosopher Aristotle's educational views and his role in developing educational ideas in his era. The fifth section discussed the Stoics and their educational views. The sixth and final section was devoted to the Epicureans and their educational views.

The research aimed to know the relationship between mathematical information processing and its relationship to mental processes among fourth-stage students in the Department of Mathematics in the College of Education. To achieve the goal, the following hypotheses were developed:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the theoretical (hypothetical) average and the arithmetic average of students' scores in the mathematical information processing test.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) between the theoretical (hypothetical) average and the arithmetic average of students' scores in the mental operations test.
3. There is no statistically significant correlation at a level of (0.05) between students' scores in the mathematical information processing and mental operations tests.
The research community included (326) male and female students, of whom (190) students were in the morning study and (136) students were in the evening study, representing the fourth stage in the Department of Mathematics at the College of Education / Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2023-2024). The research sample was chosen intentionally and included all fourth-stage students in the evening study from the students of the total community for the morning and evening studies. The Statistical Package for Educational and Psychological Sciences (SPSS) was used to interpret the research results, which reached:
Sciences (SPSS) was used to interpret the research results, which reached:
1. Possession of fourth-stage students in evening study of mathematical information processing skills.
2. Possession of fourth-stage students in evening study of mental processes.
3. The existence of a positive and statistically significant correlation at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of the mathematical information processing skills test and the average scores of the mental operations test.
In light of the results, a number of conclusions, recommendations and appropriate proposals were developed.

Goals of this research: Meaning Lessness for orphaned Adolescents in the middle stage .The difference in the relationship between Meaning Lessness according on a variable to sex(male and female).The difference in the relationship between Meaning Lessens according on a variable to the parents loss. And to achieve goals of research depended on loss of meaning scale that prepared by (Crombo and Mahuik) that consist of 20 paragraph in final form, and after checking from psychometric properties to both scales by using statistical analysis sample that consist from (223) male and female students, then apply the scales in the final form on the basic research sample that consist from (223) male and female middle school student for orphans which is choose by stratified random method. And the results are show Statistical analysis results are show (47) orphans students suffer from loss of meaning, while (41) orphans students have meaning in live, while most of individuals sample which reached (135) orphans students their degrees in the middle between loss of meaning and not loss of meaning. There is no different between empathy and loss of meaning depending on sex variable (male, female) and for a change (loss one parents or both)

The research aims to identify:
1.Orientation towards helping others among postgraduate students.
2.Utilitarian thinking among graduate students
3.The correlation between the orientation towards helping others and utilitarian thinking among graduate students.
4.Differences in the correlation between the orientation towards helping others and utilitarian thinking among graduate students, according to the gender variable (males – females).
To achieve the objectives of the current research, the (Nadler, 2000) scale for an orientation towards helping others was adopted, which consists of (16) items in its initial form, distributed over the two dimensions, with (8) items for the first dimension, and (8) for the first dimension, Items for the second dimension, with five-point response alternatives, which are (always applies to me, often applies to me, sometimes applies to me, rarely applies to me, never applies to me), and the scale (Hussein, 2011) for utilitarian thinking was adopted, which consists of (20) items with alternatives. Triple response is (A, B, C), After verifying the psychometric properties of the scales, they were applied to a sample of (100) male and female students, with (50) male and (50) female postgraduate students. They were selected randomly, and after collecting the sample answers, the answer forms were subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Portfolio for Psychological Sciences (SPSS)
The search results resulted in the following: In light of the above results, he made a number of recommendations and proposals for new studies.

The current research aims to measure the accuracy of matching alternatives to the Prioritizing Positivity scale among university students according to the Andrich rating scale model. In order to achieve this goal, the researcher chose a sample of (378) male and female students extracted using the Thomson equation and then distributed using the proportional random stratified method. The researchers used statistical procedures specific to the item response theory, as the researchers chose the Andrich rating scale model and used statistical programs (Jomavi & Jmetrik). The model's assumptions were achieved, as the measurement paragraphs' alternatives enjoyed good matching and high psychometric properties for the paragraphs and the measurement tool as a whole. Based on these results, the researchers developed a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition that affects the ability to concentrate, organize, and control oneself. Although ADHD is often associated with children, it can persist into adulthood, affecting academic and professional performance. The current study aims to identify ADHD among university students. To identify the differences in ADHD symptoms between males and females. To identify the differences in ADHD symptoms between scientific and humanities disciplines. A descriptive research approach was used, where a stratified random sample of (500) male and female students from Al-Mustansiriya University was selected. The ADHD scale was translated and adapted. The results showed that university students in general do not clearly suffer from ADHD. Differences were found between the sexes, as ADHD symptoms were more evident in males than in females. The results did not show statistically significant differences between scientific and humanities majors in ADHD symptoms. The study recommended raising awareness of ADHD among university students by organizing workshops and educational campaigns to highlight symptoms and how to manage them, especially among males whose symptoms may be ignored due to social expectations..

The present study aims to identify fear of negative social evaluation among university students, examine moral attentiveness in university students, and determine the strength and direction of the relationship between fear of negative social evaluation and moral attentiveness. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researchers selected a sample of )600(male and female students from Al-Mustansiriya University for the )2023/2024(academic year using a stratified random sampling method. The statistical analysis sample consisted of )400(students, chosen in the same manner. The researchers adopted Leary’s (1983) Fear of Negative Social Evaluation Scale and Reynolds’ (2008) Moral Attentiveness Scale. After verifying the psychometric properties of the scales and employing appropriate statistical methods, the researchers reached several findings and provided a set of conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions.

"The family is the first environment in which a child is formed, playing a crucial role in their upbringing and meeting their needs. However, family disintegration is a major cause of juvenile delinquency. It is the environment responsible for nurturing and caring for the child, fulfilling their material and psychological needs, and providing a suitable and balanced family atmosphere free from psychological disorders and behavioral problems that affect their personality.
Juvenile delinquency is a complex phenomenon that threatens the stability of society, pushing children and adolescents to reject the reality they live in, especially in their family environment. This phenomenon has greatly affected society, considering that a delinquent child is made, not born, and is a victim of several factors, including family problems that threaten family stability and cause the child to alienate from it, leading to deviation and delinquency.
Family disintegration creates an unstable and unsupportive environment for children, increasing the risk of their involvement in deviant behaviors. Children who lack proper care and guidance are more susceptible to negative influences in society.
Therefore, it is necessary to shed light on the factor of family disintegration and its impact on juvenile delinquency, along with other related factors.

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The present study aims to measure digital well-being among high school students and to examine differences in digital well-being based on gender and academic specialization. To achieve these objectives, the researchers adopted the Digital Well-Being Scale developed by( Priyanka,2023)), which consists of 13 items. The psychometric properties of the scale, including validity and reliability, were assessed. After establishing these properties, the researchers ran the scale to a sample of 400 high school students. Data analysis was conducted using appropriate statistical methods, yielding the following results: male high school students demonstrated a high level of digital well-being, and statistically significant differences were found based on gender (male vs. female). However, no significant differences were observed based on academic specialization (science vs. humanities). In light of these findings, the researchers provided several recommendations and suggestions for future studies.

Among the problems facing university lecturers are ethical challenges and how to make and adhere to decisions, in addition to the obstacles that limit the practice of volunteer activities. Therefore, the current research addresses two concepts that represent a contemporary challenge according to the requirements of the success of university lecturers, namely moral potency, which refers to the ability of the lecturer to make ethical decisions in difficult circumstances and challenges as dictated by principles and ethics. The researcher relied on the theory of (Hannah, et al. 2011) to understand and interpret this concept and interpret the results he reached. In addition, he addressed the motivation to volunteer, which is the engine that drives the lecturer to participate in volunteer work, which usually does not bring material benefits. In order to clarify the concept of volunteer motivation more precisely, the researcher relied on the model of (Clary & et al. 1998). The researcher chose the descriptive correlational approach to study the two variables and reveal the relationship between them and the extent to which they are affected by other factors (gender and specialization), relying on the scale of (Hannah, et al. 2011) to measure moral potency and the scale of (Clary & et al., 1998) to measure volunteer motivation. Both were translated into Arabic using a scientific translation method. The researcher found a correlation between moral potency and volunteer motivation among university lecturers, and no statistically significant differences based on gender (male/female) and specialization (scientific/humanitarian). The researcher then developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

The mental and psychological health of the child Is linked to the maturity of his or her emotions, so that he or she is suitable for the juvenile; or
Attitude, where persistent emotions often lead to iron from cognitive distortions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, self-blame, feelings of helplessness or drug abuse, disturbed behavior is the basis for the intellectual distortion. Current research has sought to identify cognitive abnormalities, quality of life in university students, and connotation of the difference in the relationship between cognitive abnormalities and quality of life on a gender-variable basis. The research sample consisted of 125 undergraduate cores. The cognitive distortion scale and quality of life measurements were compiled and the characteristics of the sigmo-metric were calculated for the measurements; After statistically analyzing the data , it was found that undergraduate cohorts have cognitive deformities and quality of life college students using demonstration programs .

The current research aims to know the cognitive interference and its relationship to the false self among university students, as well as to identify the significance of the difference in the relationship according to gender (males - females) in addition to the correlation between the two variables. In order to verify this, the researcher adopted the cognitive interference scale prepared by (Al-Shamri, 2015) as the scale consisted of 36 paragraphs in its final form, and adopted the false self scale prepared by (Muhammad, 2021) as the paragraphs reached 25 paragraphs in its final form. The researcher verified the psychometric properties of the two scales and applied them to 140 male and female students who were randomly selected at Al-Mustansiriya University (College of Education, Arts, Sciences) for the academic year (2024 - 2025). The research results showed the following:
1- The research sample of university students does not have cognitive interference.
2- It was found that there is no difference in cognitive interference according to the gender variable (males - females) among university students.
3- The research sample of university students does not have a false self.
4- There is no difference in the false self according to the gender variable (males - females) among university students.
5- The results of the statistical analysis showed that there is no correlation between cognitive interference and the false self among university students.

This study aims to explore the impact of implementing the **BUZAN strategy** on enhancing reflective thinking skills among physics department students in a research methodology course. The research population consisted of second-year students in the Physics Department at the College of Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, for the academic year (2024-2025), with a total of (220) male and female participants. The research employed an experimental design involving two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with a post-test to assess the level of reflective thinking. The experiment was conducted during the first semester, and a reflective thinking scale comprising (32) items was developed. Using an independent **t-test** for two equal-sized groups, the results demonstrated a significant superiority of the experimental group, which utilized the BUZAN strategy, compared to the control group that followed traditional teaching methods. The calculated t value was (16.72), while the tabulated t value was (2.000) at a significance level of (0.05) and degrees of freedom (158).
Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that the BUZAN strategy has a positive and effective impact on developing students' reflective thinking skills. In light of these conclusions, the researchers provided a set of recommendations and suggestions to generalize the benefits and enhance the quality of the educational process.

The current research aims to identify Persuasive Intelligence level among University professors , and to achieve the aims of the research , the researcher adopted the measurement of the Persuasive Intelligence of Al-Abasi (2009) . After confirming the validity and stability of the research tool , it was applied to the sample members , which amounted to (360) University professors from Middle Technical University, University of Baghdad, Technological University, Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2024-2025). and after applying the research tool , the data were collected and analyzed statistically using the following statistical methods : Pearson correlation coefficient , arithmetic mean and standard deviation .The researcher reached the result that showed that University professors have Persuasive Intelligence .
Based on these result , the researcher presented the following :
Recommendations : Professors should participate in scientific conferences and seminars that contribute to the maturity of their information in order to develop their persuasive intelligence.
Suggestions : Study the relationship correlation between persuasive intelligence and social empowerment.

This research, titled "The Role of the Islamic Institute in Dakar in Spreading Islamic Culture – The Experiences of the Education Department as a Model - Problems and Solutions," investigates the Islamic Institute in Dakar's role in disseminating Islamic culture in Senegal. Specifically, it examines the experiences of the Education Department, noting that the institute comprises three departments: the Education Department (the focus of this research), the Research Department, and the Publication and Documentation Department. Each of these three departments plays a specific role in spreading Islamic culture in Senegal. However, this paper focuses solely on the Education Department.
The research begins with an introduction outlining the topic's significance and highlighting the importance of the Islamic Institute in Dakar. It then addresses the research problem and related questions. The first section provides a concise overview of the Islamic Institute in Dakar, detailing its geographical location, administrative status, departments, structure, and some independent bodies within its campus.
The second section delves into the Education Department, the core of this research, by explaining its administrative processes and its role in spreading Islamic culture within the country. The third section discusses the educational programs throughout the department's history, which are referred to as "experiences." The first experience involved vocational training, where the institute attracted students and then assigned them to primary schools for teaching. The second experience saw the institute hosting Arabophone students to obtain an accredited Arabic-Islamic certificate. Finally, the third experience is the ongoing Arabic-French education program at the institute today.
The research concludes by presenting the findings, which help in reviewing and diagnosing the problems identified. This ultimately leads to recommendations for solutions to these problems.

The research problem becomes evident when recognizing the need for administrative leaders characterized by intelligent leadership traits، capable of accomplishing multiple tasks associated with various administrative processes. This would enhance the effectiveness of the institution—specifically schools—in contributing to sustainable development The study aims to explore the organizational intelligence of middle school principals from the perspective of their teachers. Additionally، it seeks to identify the sustainable development efforts of these principals، also from their teachers' perspective، and ultimately examine the relationship between the two.
The research was conducted on teachers working in Al-Rusafa 2 Directorate in Baghdad Governorate during the academic year (2024–2025)، with a total of 195 individuals. The researchers identified a set of terms related to the study in the theoretical framework and reviewed several studies related to the research topic.
A series of procedures were followed، including describing the research population and sample. A sample consisting of 50 individuals، representing (percentage) of the research population، was selected. The researchers developed a specialized research tool by reviewing literature and previous studies. The tool's validity and reliability were tested، and the study produced several results، which were subsequently presented and interpreted Finally، a set of conclusions، recommendations، and suggestions specific to the research was provided.