Wasit Journal Of Sports Sciences

The study aimed to determine the standard grades and levels for theowing and jumping activities for famale students. The research sample included 35 first and second year famale students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The time frame was determined from 1/3/2024 to 1/5/2024. The researcher used the descriptive method and a set of statistical methods to achieve the goal of her research, such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and standard scores using the sequential method), in addition to finding the limits of the standard scores, the limits of the levels, and their percentages. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, which are:
* the degrees and levels of throwing and jumping effectiveness have been extracted.
* ⁠It appeared that there was a difference between the grades and levels of the famale students in all throwing and jumping activities.
According to the results and conclusions reached by the researcher, the following recommendation were made:
* adopting the standard grades and levels for throwing and jumping activities as an objective evaluation tool when giving grades during the examination period.
* ⁠Conducting similar studies for other academic levels and subjects for both genders

The study aimed to prepare a scale of mental health, in addition to preparing a scale of psychological prosperity among female handball club players for the season (2023-2024), as well as to know the relationship between both mental health and psychological prosperity among female handball club players for the season (2023-2024). The researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the research problem. The research community was identified as female handball players in the Kurdistan Region, participation letters, which are (Kirkuk Girl, Al-Najma, Solaf, Erbil Girl, as the sample is "the part that represents the original community, or the model on which the researcher conducts his entire work Accordingly, after the scales under study were standardized, including the scales of (mental health, psychological prosperity), the researcher adopted a sample of (56) female players participating in the women’s handball league, and the questionnaires were distributed to the sample during the women’s handball league.

The aim of the study was to know the effect of special lactic-related training on the accuracy of some biochemical cooperation and the achievement of the (800) meter running race under 20 years of age. The accuracy of different distances for the requirements of effective training, as this training was used for the requirements of the research solution that the research addressed, as the research dealt with the contribution of special lactic effort cooperation and biochemical cooperation under study, which included specific training settings for training programs for this method, as the sample represented 800-meter runners under twenty years of (8) runners, as (2) was highlighted for the visual experiment, the main experiment consists of (6) runners at a rate of (75%) of the 800-meter runners of Baghdad clubs from this category who were chosen as a main experiment representing the research art on which they conducted the study experiment. It was tested before and after and after taking the data The required and conduct analyses for the use of biochemistry medically and prepared and processed statistically, where it reached the most important features and is committed to the percentage of the level of biochemistry (calcium, phosphorus and lactic acid concentration) according to the training method of the research sample, as for the rule recommended for practice is to rely on training using the effort as requested by the special lactic which works by itself to adapt for the functional adaptation of professional devices and verify the biochemical with the requirements of effectiveness, which ensures achievement in the effectiveness according to my training method which is a basis for the rest of the other teams in training for the running effectiveness (1000m) for individuals of other samples for conditions similar to competitors and achieving the achievement .for profit Keywords Keywords for the special lactic - commercial biochemical - performance effectiveness 800

The research aimed to reveal the level of emotional commitment of the technical supervisors assigned to their profession within the sports and scouting activity departments in Iraq, and to reveal the level of desire for career transitions among them, as well as reveal the nature of the relationship between the emotional commitment towards the profession of the technical supervisors assigned to the sports and scouting activity departments and their career transitions from them. To apply the researcher's procedures, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlation methods. The research community was determined by the technical supervisors assigned to the sports and scouting activity departments affiliated with the education directorates in the governorates of Iraq, which number (20) departments. These departments include in their various branches (239) technical supervisors in the capacity of assignment. The researcher chose them all to represent the main research sample. After that, this sample was divided into three sub-samples. The first is the exploratory study sample, which has (9) supervisors. The second is the statistical analysis sample, which has (132) supervisors. The third sample is the final application sample, which has (92) supervisors. To collect the required data, the researcher prepared two scales to measure the research variables. The first scale measures the level of emotional commitment of the technical supervisors assigned to their profession with (15) paragraphs, and the second measures the level of job transitions of these supervisors with (14) paragraphs. After completing the application of the scales on the final application sample extracting the results, and processing them statistically to obtain the levels of the research variables, the research reached a set of conclusions, which are:
- The technical supervisors assigned to the sports and scouting activity departments have a high emotional commitment to their profession from their point of view.
- The technical supervisors assigned to the sports and scouting activity departments have medium-level intentions to change from their supervisory job within these departments from their point of view.
- The correlation between the emotional commitment of the technical supervisors assigned to the profession and their job transitions is weak and insignificant.

The aim of the research was to prepare the S.A.Q exercises and identify their effect on some physical qualities, speed and accuracy of handling and shooting among young handball players The research problem revolved around two questions: Do the S.A.Q exercises work to develop some physical qualities among young handball players, and also work to develop the speed and accuracy of shooting among young handball players. The researchers used the experimental method with a single experimental group design with a pre-test and post-test. The research community was the players of the Iraqi youth clubs participating in the Iraqi Championship for the 2024-2025 sports season. The experimental sample was the players of the Diyala Club, numbering (12) players after excluding the goalkeepers. The exercises were applied during the special preparation period for a period of (8) weeks, with (3) training doses per week, after agreement with the coach, and these exercises were consistent with the training stage reached by the players and the coach’s training goal. The total training doses were (24) training doses. The researchers used the repetitive training method with a training intensity of (80-100%) of the players’ capabilities, and a load oscillation of (3-1)
The researchers presented and discussed the results through the results of the tests used in the research, so the researchers concluded the following:
1- (S.A.Q) exercises have a positive effect on the physical characteristics studied in young handball players.
2- These exercises have an advantage over traditional exercises that train each characteristic alone.
3- These exercises are trained during the special preparation period, which gives better results in developing the physical characteristics studied.

In recent years, the world has witnessed tremendous progress in various fields of life in general, and in the sports field in particular, as skill levels and amazing digital achievements have emerged that we hear about in various sports, and among these sports is futsal, as this game requires levels and comprehensive physical, skill and motor preparation using various exercises and modern methods to develop and learn skills in a smooth and exciting way for students so that they can perform the sports gear in futsal in the best possible way. Which student needs to bear the burdens that she faces during the match or during the sports lesson in secondary schools? As for the research problem, through the researchers' follow-up and review of the indoor soccer game in some girls' secondary schools, they noticed that many students find it difficult to perform some basic skills of indoor soccer and the lack of compatibility of motor skill performance when performing skills as a result of not using modern and interesting methods and means and various exercises for the basic skills of the education and training process as well as educational programs by some sports teachers. From here, the research problem emerged, which is the difficulty of performing basic skills, including passing and suppression, for female students. Therefore, the researchers decided to solve this problem by proposing a set of motor skill exercises to develop motor coordination and learn the skills of passing and suppression and applying them to female students in the research variables in order to develop female students to reach a higher level. As for the aim of the research, it is to prepare exercises to develop motor coordination and learn the skills of passing and suppression in indoor soccer for female students. In the human field, it was for fifth-grade students from Al-Asalah Girls’ High School in Maysan for the academic year 2022-2023.

The aim of the research is to identify behavioral integrity among scout leaders at the University of Diyala. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research community included leaders of the Scout movement at the University of Diyala who were chosen intentionally, numbering (14) leaders. As for the research sample, The number of (10) leaders who represented (71.42%) was chosen randomly after excluding the members of the exploratory experiment, who numbered (4) scout leaders.
The results indicated that the sample members possessed a very good level of behavioral integrity, enabling them to provide effective leadership during the execution of their duties in the scouting movement. The researcher recommends that scout leaders should undergo continuous training on scouting values and principles and how to apply them in their practical lives. Additionally, the leader should be a good role model for the scouts in all their actions and words. The leader should communicate with the scouts continuously, listen to their opinions and suggestions, and conduct self-assessment periodically to identify and improve their weaknesses. Furthermore, the researcher recommends conducting additional studies on behavioral integrity and linking it to other variables in scouting.

The use of wrestling dummies in learning and developing wrestlers’ grips is also used in tactical aspects, so that it allows the coach to give feedback on performance, especially among young age groups and young people, in raising the performance of specialized grips for each weight and player, as it is of great importance to allow the wrestler to perform grips freely and far. About fear when a colleague resists The research aims to raise the technical level of some lifting movements for wrestling players. Performance in sports activities depends on how the muscles move, as they are the ones that control the body’s movement by contracting and relaxing to attract the limbs from one position to another. The stronger the muscles are, the more effective these contractions will be. Therefore, they are Movement is better The researcher used two groups, experimental and control, based on the experimental method, where the researcher selected the research sample randomly using a lottery method. (6 players) were distributed to each group. The sample was chosen from the youngsters of the Damok Sports Club, aged (15 years), and the researcher concluded that the use of different dolls in training It increases the technical performance of some of the upward movements of the wrestling players in the research sample

The importance of the research lies in training in the sand to develop the speed endurance of advanced handball players. There are also important physical abilities through which many skills specific to the game of handball can be performed, whether defensive or offensive, especially speed endurance, because the game of handball is the majority of its skills. It requires very high and frequent speeds so that the player can continue performing at high speed and for the longest possible period to overcome the burdens and obstacles he faces while playing. Abstract of the research: The importance of the research lies in training in the sand to develop the speed endurance of advanced handball players. There are also important physical abilities through which many skills specific to the game of handball can be performed, whether defensive or offensive, especially speed endurance, because the game of handball is the majority of its skills. It requires very high and frequent speeds so that the player can continue performing at high speed and for the longest possible period to overcome the burdens and obstacles he faces while playing. The problem of the research is that endurance of speed is one of the most important physical abilities that handball players need at the present time because all handball skills must be performed quickly and for the longest possible period during the match. We note that there are many matches that cannot be won because there is a defect in the physical aspects, including endurance of speed. Therefore, the researcher decided to study this problem and show its importance in the game of handball. As for the objectives of the research, they are to prepare exercises on the sand to develop endurance of speed and to know the effect of the exercises on the research sample. As for the hypothesis of the research, it is There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the research sample. The researcher used the single-group experimental method with two pre- and post-tests. The results were processed statistically and presented and discussed. The most important conclusions were that the sand exercises carried out by the experimental group achieved development in (speed endurance) among the players. The most important recommendations are to use exercises on sandy ground by trainers to develop speed endurance.

The importance of the research lies in the design of educational units using a mini tennis court with orange tennis balls and applying it to the young age group aged (8-9) years to learn the performance of basic skills in the game of tennis, as orange tennis balls were chosen because they are characterized by special specifications, they are 50% slower than the standard tennis ball and are ideal commensurate with the age and capabilities of the selected research sample because learners are at a young age that enables them to apply the skill and repeat it using lightweight tools that thus lead them to Master the motor path to perform the basic skills of the event. The research problem lies in the lack of educational curricula that use mini playgrounds for sports in the early education stage, as well as the lack of use of sports equipment that suits their age groups to learn the basic skills of sports at an early age in order to build a basic base for playing the game at an early age, and the research aimed to design educational units using mini tennis orange balls in learning the performance of basic skills in tennis for ages (8-9) years, as well as identifying the impact of units Educational on the target sample of the research, either hypotheses of the research summarized the existence of a positive impact of the educational units using mini tennis balls orange tennis balls in learning the performance of basic skills in tennis for the ages of (8-9) years, as well as the existence of significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in teaching the performance of basic skills in tennis for ages (8-9) years and in favor of post-tests, either the research community and its sample included students of the fourth grade of primary school Al-Rayaheen Primary School in Wasit Governorate - Al-Kut Center, and their number ( 30) Student, The most important conclusions reached by the research are: The use of orange tennis balls for the age group (8-9 years) in mini tennis, had a positive and effective impact on learning the performance of basic skills in tennis because it was characterized by special specifications that corresponded to their physical and skill capabilities, The most important recommendations were the need to use equipment and mini sports tools similar to standard tools when teaching sports skills to young age groups and to emphasize the repetition of technical performance with the correction of errors and various exercises and in an interesting way to install the correct motor paths for them

The aim of the research was to identify the level of psychological skills among (100X4) runners (applicants category), to identify the level of self-confidence among (100X4) runners (applicants category), to prepare a psychological-guidance program for psychological skills, and to identify the effect of the psychological-guidance program for psychological skills on the sources of self-confidence and the achievement of running (100X4) (applicants category).
The researcher chose the experimental method using the method of two equal groups (experimental and control), and the researcher identified the research community as the players of the Iraqi clubs participating in the Iraq Clubs Championship (2023) in the (100X4) meter event (advanced category), numbering (24) players. After that, the researcher divided the sample randomly into two equal groups, experimental and control, each group consisting of (12) players, i.e. three teams in each group. The researcher prepared a guidance-psychological program for psychological skills that includes guidance lectures and special videos for the psychological aspect that increase psychological skills, which consisted of (18) guidance lectures, each lecture lasting (30) minutes, given to the experimental group before starting training for a period of (6) weeks, at a rate of (3) lectures per week (Saturday, Monday, and Wednesday). The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the effect of the guidance-psychological program in developing psychological skills and sources of self-confidence and running (100X4) (advanced category) (experimental group). The curriculum prepared by the trainer did not affect the development of psychological skills and sources of self-confidence and running (100X4) (advanced category) (control group), and the superiority of the counseling-psychological program over the program prepared by the trainer in developing psychological skills and sources of self-confidence and running (100X4) (advanced category).

The importance of the research was evident in raising the level of teaching types of handball shooting from movement and stability, which are the most used types in the game according to a scientific strategy of a scientist who has the ability to draw a learning map, which is the (Mayer) strategy, and thus we put a correct strategy in learning and advancing the game of handball. The research problem was: Raising the level of skill performance, especially handball shooting, and its importance in achieving results requires the use of an appropriate educational strategy that works to raise the level of these skills and according to the concepts, branches and level of players in performance, and on this basis, the success of education gives the real indicator of progress in the game. The most important objectives of the research were: - Preparing Mayer's cognitive strategy in learning some types of fixed and moving shooting in handball for juniors. - Identifying the effect of Mayer's cognitive strategy in learning some types of fixed and moving shooting in handball for juniors. The experimental method was used, while the research sample was juniors, and after applying the strategy, the most important conclusions were reached: Mayer's cognitive strategy helped in learning some types of fixed and moving shooting in handball for juniors. Accordingly, it was recommended: Adopting Mayer's cognitive strategy because it helped in learning some types of fixed and moving shooting in handball for juniors

The aim of the research was to create a special model of questions that would identify the point of view of employees and management on job motivation, as well as identify the point of view of employees and management on job motivation in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The research areas were among the employees in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, and for the time period: 3/7/2024 to 6/1/2024, this policy was applied in the structure of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The researcher determined the structure of the community through a comprehensive census of all employees in the departments, including (496) in the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, and (10) in the Statistics Department, at a rate of 50% of the original community. The research sample was (248) employees, which were divided into (3) samples, with (40) employees from multiple departments, at a rate of (8%) of the total research community, and the remaining sample became the application sample for the research, which was at a rate of 10%. The researcher suggested that managers try to directly influence employees by communicating with them in a way that makes them enthusiastic. He also suggested that managers of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports be aware of the issue by issuing administrative penalties in the event of a defect or negligence in the job work or lack of guidance from the researchers. He also suggested that courses and workshops should be held for employees in order to understand the job correctly and understand their duties and rights.

The importance of the research is evident in employing modern exercises, namely TRX exercises (hanging) exercises to secure the requirements for developing attention focus, agility and flexibility for first-class football referees, which would contribute to raising their levels for the better, as they make them more capable and ready to referee matches and make decisions in the best way. The study aimed to identify the effect of TRX exercises on attention focus, agility and flexibility for first-class football referees in Maysan Governorate. The researcher used the experimental method and followed the design of the two equivalent experimental and control groups. The research community was represented by first-class football referees in Maysan Governorate. The sample was chosen randomly and amounted to (14) divided into two control and experimental groups, each group consisting of (7) referees. The researcher conducted the pre-tests and then applied TRX exercises to the experimental group for a period of (8) weeks, at a rate of (3) training units per week. After completing them, the post-tests were conducted, and then the statistical data was processed using the SPSS program. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which are that TRX exercises have a good effect in developing focus, agility and flexibility in first-class football referees in Maysan province.

The importance of the study was highlighted in the fact that one of the most recent training techniques was training in elastic resistances, which targeted the tensile, elastic and muscular stress of muscle groups during performance through a gradual increase in intensity and ability to resist them by the muscle groups and, consequently, the development of unusual stresses by the muscle groups, which constituted an additional burden to be overcome during performance while maintaining the correct motor path of the duty. The study aimed to identify the effect of flexible resistor exercises on certain abilities The study sample consisted of 8 hoppers representing the elite hoppers under 20 years of age. The study variable was identified as the bio kinetic potential It is distinguished by speed, transition speed, and balance) and the achievement of effectiveness. The exercises were applied with the flexible resistors method over three months by 3 units per week and some completion of them and the use of statistical means for the results of the pre and post tests. The study and the training of flexible resistors contributed to targeting the position of the muscle during performance, The increased tension at this stage thus contributed to the increase in the production of the force and the rapid production of the force, which positively reflected the development of the explosive force, fast force and speed. In addition, the flexible resistor training method was superior to that used by the long jump jumpers under 20 years. The study recommended that reliance should be placed on the flexible resistor training method for the effectiveness of the long jump since it had a positive impact on the development of bio kinetic and achievement capabilities. It was also necessary to emphasize the use and development of modern and various training methods that contribute To improve the bio kinetic potentials of within and thus to improve achievement.

The aim of the research is to develop a training curriculum to enhance speed-strength and strength-endurance for boxers, to investigate the effect of the training curriculum on the development of speed-strength and strength-endurance of the upper limb muscles between the pre-test and post-test for the two research groups, and to explore the impact of the training curriculum on the development of speed-strength and strength-endurance of the upper limb muscles for the two research groups in the post-test.
The researcher used the experimental method with pre-test post-test control group design. The research population consisted of 18 boxers from the University of Diyala for the academic year 2023/2024. The experimental group was selected from the college boxing team, consisting of 5 players, while the control group consisted of 5 players from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The experimental trial was conducted on 5 players from other colleges, with 2 players excluded due to exceptional circumstances.
Based on the results, the researcher concluded that the experimental method effectively enhances both speed-strength and strength-endurance, as well as the performance technique of the upper limb muscles in boxing. Speed-strength training significantly contributes to strength development, followed by strength-endurance. Conversely, strength-endurance training contributes more to speed-strength than maximum strength. The researcher recommends emphasizing speed-strength training due to its significant impact on strength endurance, and suggests incorporating various types of strength training for athletes rather than solely focusing on the predominant attribute. Furthermore, the research was conducted on athletes with different activities to assess their impact on the predominant physical attribute.

In the modern era, sport has taken a prominent place, especially as it has become multi-roles, as it is no longer limited to being a physical activity only, but has become one of the most important tools affecting global and international policies, as global festivals such as the Olympic Games and world championships in all sports have a vital impact, such as building roads and forming rings that connect and connect countries to each other, as sport has been used as a tool to strengthen the national and international image Research aim Analyze the impact of major sporting events on global policies. Recognize the role of sport as a diplomatic tool in strengthening international relations .The researcher adopted the historical retrieval approach to record and document everything related to the historical study on the impact of sport on global policies because of its suitability The objectives of the study and the most important thing stated in the conclusion 1- Sport is not just a physical or recreational activity, but a powerful tool that has a profound impact on the international political arena.2- Sport has been used as a means to promote peace and understanding among nations, express national identity, and resolve conflicts 3- The role that sport plays in international diplomacy is shown by the use of sports by governments To strengthen international relations and improve their image on the world stage4- Athletes themselves have become ambassadors of the countries they represent, and have used their influence to promote national unity and mutual understanding among peoples. As recommended in the conclusion, it is necessary to continue to study the impact of sport on global politics to appreciate its significant role in shaping international relations and promoting dialogue and cooperation among peoples.

The game of football depends primarily on mastering the basic skills of the game well, and the success of the team depends mainly on the amount of learning and mastery of the basic skills, and through the researcher’s experience as a practitioner and follower of the game. Note that not using visual sighting exercises will negatively affect learning and developing the skills of this game, as well as the weak sensory perceptions of the students, as well as the large number of students in the educational unit, as the sense of sight has an important and fundamental role in the process of performing motor duties, so it has become necessary to use the best exercises to ensure Learn and develop the skills of this game, especially handling and receiving. Therefore, the researcher decided to study this problem through preparation visual vision exercises in developing some sensory perceptions and learning the skills of handling and receiving football for students to be a method used by teachers. The aim of the research is to: Preparing visual exercises to develop some sensory perceptions and teach students the skills of handling and receiving foot ball.The most important conclusions were: The curriculum used by the teacher contributed to developing special sensory perceptions (time, place) and learning the skills of passing and receiving in football for the students.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of performance exercises on the development of sensory-motor abilities and the evaluation of the beauty of movement for some skills in rhythmic gymnastics among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in Maysan. A training program was applied to a sample of 20 female students out of 40, divided into an experimental and a control group. The training program included exercises aimed at improving jumping and vaulting skills, in addition to developing the sense of estimating time and horizontal and vertical distance. The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in all tests of motor and cognitive skills. This superiority can be attributed to the focused activities that included the use of sports tools and techniques for integrating harmonious movements, which helped improve motor accuracy and timing. These exercises also contributed to the gradual development of sensory-motor perception, starting from the sense of balance and ending with improving the precise performance of motor skills. The study recommends enhancing the use of performance exercises within training programs to develop motor skills, with the necessity of integrating sports tools and improving training curricula to ensure better results in the long term

The current research has aimed:
- Constructing a scale of self-doubt in female students from the faculty of physical education and sports sciences participated in a swimming study.
The research community consisted of first graders from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at universities in Mosul, Anbar, Diyala, Tikrit, Kirkuk, Samarra, and Hamdaniya for the academic year 2023-2024, as well as 392 female students. The sample was consistent with the research community. and the researchers used a scale of self-doubt in swimming lessons that was made by the two researchers to raise data, The construction steps included identifying the scale axis. - The first pilot study determining the elements of draft items in every field in its primary image. the validity of content—face validity—statistical analysis of the items using the methods of two opposite groups and internal consistency, stability, the researchers used the following
statistical tools: (arithmetic mean, mode, standard deviation,
Pearson's coefficient, simple correlation coefficient, and T-test for two
sample and percentage). The researchers concluded the following:
- The construction of a measure of self-doubt in the swimming class of female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences was achieved through its construction and with precise scientific specifications. The researcher's recommendation is the following:
Emphasize The study examined the application of self-doubt measured in swimming studies among female students. the faculty of physical education and sports sciences.
- Emphasize That research, similar to current research, is carried out on different samples. in terms of representing different games, whether individual or team.

The study aims to identify the impact of the training program on some physiological variables of basketball players after leaving exercise for a period of time, as well as to identify the impact of the training program on body weight, and the research sample was chosen in a deliberate way, namely basketball players retired to play in Diwaniyah Governorate, and their number is 10 players, and homogeneity was conducted for the players in terms of height, weight and age, and theexperimental approach was used for one experimental group to suit the nature of the research has been taken Measurements of the variables studied before starting work and implementing the training program were as follows (pulse rate, body weight, blood sugar, oxygen percentage, blood pressure systolic and diastolic types). The vocabulary of the training program has been implemented for a period of 8 weeks and by 3 training units per week has been the time of the training unit one training hour and after the application of the training program on the members of the research sample was reached the most important conclusions of this study, which is that the exercises low intensity

The study aims to: Preparing an organizational integrity questionnaire in the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of MosuI. Identifying the level of organizational integrity in the College and Departments of Physical in the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. Identifying statistically significant differences in organizational integrity in the college and departments of physical education and sports sciences according to the gender variable. Identifying statistically significant differences in organizational integrity in colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences depending on the college or department variable. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey and correlational method to suit the nature of the research. The research community was determined by the teaching staff in the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul, numbering (157) lecturers, representing (100%) of the research community, as it was determined using the comprehensive inventory method. The researcher obtained this data by conducting a personal interview with the Director of Human Resources at the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul. As for the research sample, it was the research community itself, as it included all lecturers.

The importance of the research lies in identifying how to benefit from competition exercises. In finding training methods in which change and diversity are the basis for achieving the creation of conditions better with in the training units that serve skill performance, and the problem of the research lies in the inability of boxers to continue punching during the last round, which leads to their lack of achieving victory and achieving advanced positions. The study aimed to: Identify the direct and indirect effects of competitive exercises on flexibility. Kinetic Motorized coordination and skill performance of young boxers weighing (69-75) kg, as well as identifying the differences between the two groups. (Experimental and control) equivalent For pre- and post-tests of arm flexibility and skill performance of boxers, and use the experimental method in a way the two groups Experimental and control as for the research sample, it is: boxing players Al-Rafidain Sports Club in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the year 2023-2024, with a total of (16) boxers, The researcher did Performing exercises in the repetitive training method using the wavy training method (1-2) In (3) training units per week, with (24) training units distributed over (12) weeks, and these units were applied on training days (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday) to the boxers. The most important conclusions he found that there is Statistically significant differences in the post-tests in favor of the experimental group in the motor flexibility of the arms and the skill performance of young boxers.as Competition-style exercises had a significant and positive impact on developing the special flexibility of young boxers, and the study recommended that: It is necessary to use the selected exercises in the event of conducting a similar study for the same or similar characteristics, as well as necessity coaches should pay attention to the boxers’ preparation period and not rush to include them in competitions before developing their physical abilities.

Handball is one of the games that has received and continues to receive great global interest and is very popular, especially in Europe. It is one of the games that combine speed, strength and tactics, as defense in handball is of great importance and is considered an effective element in preventing the opposing team from scoring goals, as it depends on speed of perception and focus to succeed in performing defensive moves to close the defensive gaps in front of the opponent. The importance of the research lies in preparing an educational program to develop the abilities represented by sensory-motor perception and concentration of attention, which have a positive effect on the performance of defensive movements according to the multiple stimuli that the handball player is exposed to during matches. Which leads to players not being distracted during matches and thus leading to unifying their defensive efforts to reduce the threat of the opponent. The goal of the research was to prepare special exercises in developing Focusing attention and kinesthetic awareness in performing defensive movements in handball. The objectives of the research were to prepare special exercises to develop concentration of attention and sensory-motor perception in performing defensive movements in handball, and to identify the effect of special exercises in developing concentration of attention and sensory-motor perception in performing defensive movements in handball. As for the research hypothesis, there is a positive effect of special exercises in Developing concentration of attention and kinesthetic awareness in performing defensive movements, There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests for the two groups (control and experimental) in focusing attention and sensory-motor perception of skills, in favor of the experimental group.. Through the results that emerged, the researcher concluded the following that the prepared educational curriculum has a positive impact on learning some basic handball skills, and that exercises for focusing attention and kinesthetic perception have a positive impact on developing defensive movements to cover the blitz.

The research aims to develop a proposed model for applying the principles of governance in sports institutions in Iraq by identifying (the objectives of applying governance in sports institutions in Iraq, the requirements for applying governance in sports institutions in Iraq, the principles of governance in sports institutions in Iraq (disclosure and transparency, accountability, justice and equality, control mechanisms), and the researcher used the descriptive approach with the survey method, due to its suitability to the nature of the research, the research community included members of the boards of directors of sports clubs, the boards of directors of sports federations, the board of directors of the Iraqi Olympic Committee, and the researcher selected a sample of (187) individuals, and the researcher relied on the personal interview and the questionnaire form as tools in collecting data, and one of the most important results was that sports institutions seek to combat corruption in various aspects, sports institutions deal with respect, justice and equality with everyone, sports institutions are subject to accountability when committing a violation of regulations and laws, sports institutions do not follow fair standards in distributing rewards and due returns, and one of the most important recommendations was the necessity of applying the principles of governance in Iraqi sports institutions, the necessity of increasing oversight of sports institutions by obligating them to apply the principles of Governance.

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between communication and the organizational structure of coaches of premier league football clubs in Iraq from the players\' point of view, as the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships. The research sample included premier league football players in Iraq from the players\' point of view, as the research community consisted of (629) representing (20) clubs. The research sample consisted of () players. The time frame was determined during the period from (21 /12/ 2023 -15/10/2024 The researcher will conclude through the results he reached that there is a significant correlation between communication and the organizational structure of coaches of premier league football clubs in Iraq from the players\' point of view. The researcher noted that the research sample has sufficient information to enable them to answer the questionnaires. The researcher also recommended that there is a need to Urgent interest of football coaches in the organizational structure of the team and communication between them.

Athletes are exposed to injuries of different types and degrees, whether in the bones, joints, ligaments or muscles, and they differ from one sporting activity to another and due to the player being in a state of continuous competition .The study aimed to prepare rehabilitation exercises for injured people to rehabilitate the ankle joint after fracture in athletes, as well as to know the effect a rehabilitation of program using infrared rays in reducing degree of pain and improving the range of motion and muscle strength of the ankle joint injured by fracture in athletes. The researcher used the experimental method with pre- and post-measurement to suit the nature of the research, and the study sample consisted of ((10 players in the track and field activity who were injured with a fracture of the ankle joint who represent Mosul Sports Club. They were chosen intentionally from the injured athletes after the fracture healed. The researcher concluded from the results that were processed statistically that rehabilitation exercises with the integration of infrared rays significantly improved the range of motion and muscle strength of the muscles surrounding the ankle joint when using rehabilitation exercises, which enhances the stability of the ankle joint and reduces the possibility of recurrence of injury, in addition to accelerating the healing process and reducing pain. The researcher recommends the necessity of using infrared rays with rehabilitation exercises for their effectiveness in healing athletes, which allows athletes to return to practicing their sports activities.

dy aimed to prepare Playometric exercises and their reflection on some of the kinematic variables of the stage of upgrading and the completion of The stu the pole vault for young people, and to identify the values of some kinematic variables for the stage of upgrading and the completion of vaulting pole for young people and also aimed to identify the impact of Plyometric exercises on some of the kinematic variables of the stage of upgrading and the completion of pole vaulting for young people, either the imposition of the study has imposed the researcher There are significant differences between the test (pre-post) and in favor of the post-test of the kinematic variables of the stage of upgrading And the achievement of the experimental group, the researcher used the experimental approach by designing one group, and the research community was determined by the players of the Maysan Governorate team effectively jumping with the stick (pole) for the sports season (2024), and their number is (3) players, and the research sample included (3) players, who constitute 100% of the original community, and the researcher used the principle of increasing views and by (5) the best successful attempts for each player and according to the law of the game, which is represented by three attempts per height, bringing the total number of attempts for players (15) successful attempts, The most important conclusions and recommendations that came out by the researcher that the exercises Albyometric have an effective role in the development of variables kinematic stage of upgrading and achievement of pole vault, has recommended the researcher to confirm make exercises Albyometric similar in the path of movement with the path of effectiveness because of its impact on the development of skill level.

The Performance of Goalkeepers in Football Requires High-Level Physical Abilities, including strength, speed, and neuromuscular coordination, along with mastering technical aspects aligned with the nature of the performance. The significance of this research lies in enhancing the performance level of goalkeepers by utilizing power exercises with added weights combined with electrical stimulation (TENS) The study aims to determine the impact of these exercises on improving the reaction speed of goalkeepers The researcher hypothesized that there would be significant differences between the pre- and post-test results in reaction speed values. The training program was implemented over 12 weeks, with 3 training sessions per week, amounting to a total of 36 sessions The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the exercises included in the prepared training program in improving the reaction speed of goalkeepers, which significantly enhanced their performance and abilities. The researcher concluded that the exercises using added weights led to improved physical performance and the development of reaction speed for goalkeepers

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of basketball shooting by raising the important requirement in its performance, which is strength endurance. In turn, appropriate training, which is high-intensity intermittent training, can be used, and thus we contribute to developing the level of basketball players. The research problem was: Basketball shooting in its various types is the most important skill because it is the final result of each attack and its failure means loss. Therefore, coaches seek to rely on developing shooting through training for everything the player needs from physical aspects, including strength endurance that helps him throw a ball weighing more than half a kilogram and for an unspecified and varied distance and the length of the match periods on the basket with strength and accuracy at the same time. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of high-intensity intermittent training on the development of strength endurance and the performance of some types of shooting among young basketball players. The experimental approach was chosen, and the sample included the University of Basra basketball team for the 2024-2025 season, and the basketball shooting tests were determined to measure the application of the intermittent training used. Accordingly, the following conclusions were made: High-intensity intermittent training helped raise the level of strength endurance and performance of some types of shooting in youth basketball. It was recommended: Adopting high-intensity intermittent training as it helps raise the level of strength endurance and performance of some types of shooting in youth basketball.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of muscle strength for bodybuilders according to the correct training, which is specific weight training, which gives better results and achieves the required grades in sports competitions. The research problem was training in some individual games, including bodybuilding, which requires correct training that is consistent with the specificity of the game and the physical aspect required by the game. Therefore, strength training and weight training must be performed in the same path of movement for the working muscles. The research objective included: Identifying the effect of specific weight training on some types of specific muscle strength for advanced bodybuilders. The most important conclusions were: - The training method used, specific weight training, helped develop some types of specific muscle strength for advanced bodybuilders. Accordingly, it was recommended to adopt the training method used in specific weight training, as it helped in developing some types of special muscle strength for advanced bodybuilders.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of skill performance in football by focusing on speed, training and developing it using the best methods, which are repetitive training with the use of body weight only so that the motor performance matches the actual performance on the field. The research problem was: The use of a specialized and effective training method certainly addresses any training problem and deficiency in the physical aspect such as speed as well as the skill that performs at high speed. Therefore, the development and progress of the game of football requires effective specialized training. The most important objectives of the research were: Identifying the effect of repetitive training in developing response speed, transition speed and some basic skills in youth football. After applying the experimental approach and training method, the most important conclusions were reached: - Repetitive training achieved the training objectives by developing the response speed, transition speed and some basic skills in youth football. It was also recommended: Adopting repetitive training achieved the training objectives by developing the response speed, transition speed and some basic skills in youth football.

The research aimed to identify the extent to which football players in Kirkuk Governorate football clubs possess the components of Physical literacy, and identify the extent to which football players in Kirkuk Governorate football clubs can manage sports injuries that they may be exposed to, as well as to identify the role that football players may play if they possess the components of physical culture in managing sports injuries that they may be exposed to. The researcher identified the research community as football players in Kirkuk Governorate clubs active in the leagues held by the Iraqi Football Association, numbering (440) players. The researcher chose (206) players to form the main research sample. Then this sample was divided into three sub-samples: the exploratory study sample with (6) players, the preparation sample with (120) players, and the final application sample with (80) players. To collect the required data, the researcher prepared two scales to measure the research variables. The first scale measures the level of physical literacy among football players with several paragraphs amounting to (15) paragraphs, and the second scale measures the level of sports injury management for football players with several paragraphs amounting to (15) paragraphs. After completing the application of the scales and processing them statistically, the results were extracted, through which the researcher reached a set of conclusions, which are:
- Football players in Kirkuk Governorate clubs have an average level of physical literacy components necessary to develop their physical abilities from their point of view.
- Football players in Kirkuk Governorate clubs' ability to manage the sports injuries they are exposed to during matches or training was at an average level from their personal point of view,
- Football players in Kirkuk Governorate clubs' possession of the components of physical literacy plays an acceptable positive role in their ability to manage the sports injuries that they are exposed to.

Modifying and controlling behavior in order to achieve distant goals requires emphasizing the efforts made to modify one's thoughts, feelings, desires, and actions in order to achieve higher goals and objectives that one desires to achieve. Innovative leadership is a decisive factor in educational and teaching institutions in a supportive environment that seeks to achieve them, especially for physical education teachers. The term self-regulation is used to refer to any effort made by an individual to change his responses and control his impulses and replace them with others that lead him towards achieving his goals and reaching them. The research aims to prepare the two scales and identify the reality of each of them and find the relationship between innovative leadership and its relationship to self-regulation among some physical education teachers in Babylon Governorate. The research hypothesis is that there is a relationship between innovative leadership and its relationship to self-regulation. The research community is determined by some physical education teachers in Babylon Governorate, numbering (150) teachers, i.e. using a comprehensive census, i.e. the entire community was chosen to represent the research sample, and the exploratory sample is from the same research sample, amounting to (20) teachers who were chosen randomly. The research conclusions include: There is a direct moral relationship between innovative leadership and self-organization among some physical education teachers in Babylon Governorate and its role in enhancing their attitudes towards organization in physical education lessons through the role of innovative leadership to raise self-organization and develop their level in teaching and emphasize the need to pay attention to the organizational aspect as it affects their professional performance and thus the research hypothesis is achieved.

The study aimed to identify the values of absorption force on the right and left sides in relation to snatch force during the final phase of the snatch lift. This phase reflects the appropriate braking force required to counteract the gravitational pull on the descending weight and can provide significant insights into the coordinated and technical performance level of weightlifters. The researchers employed a descriptive methodology using correlational techniques, selecting a purposive sample of six advanced weightlifters from the Iraqi national team, representing 75% of the original population. Upon completing the tests, appropriate statistical analyses were conducted, and the results were presented, analyzed, and discussed. The study concluded that differences in the force exerted on both sides of the body did not significantly impact the values of absorption force. Additionally, the absorption force correlated objectively with the load imposed on the lifter. The researchers recommended implementing training programs designed to enhance balance between the two sides and improve technical performance. These findings can be applied to optimize training programs by focusing on muscular balance techniques and developing dynamic strength for both sides.

The significance of this research lies in employing Tolman's learning theory to enhance female students' acquisition of floor gymnastics skills, thereby contributing to the improvement of their motor performance and the overall quality of training and education in the sports field.
The research problem stemmed from the students' weak acquisition of floor gymnastics skills due to the reliance on traditional teaching methods. Additional obstacles, such as fear, anxiety, and difficulty in performing movements, were linked to the lack of necessary educational requirements that stimulate sequential performance. This situation highlighted the need for modern educational tools to improve the learning process and motor performance.
The primary objectives of the research were to explore the impact of Tolman's learning theory on learning some floor gymnastics skills among female students. The researchers concluded that Tolman's learning theory holds significant educational value in teaching certain floor gymnastics motor skills to female students. They recommend adopting Tolman's learning theory due to its educational importance in enhancing the learning process and performance of these skills.

Swimming training requires good physical and skill efficiency. Trainers must use modern devices, methods, techniques and means and not rely only on the methods used in the training process. The most important feature of training devices in the field of physical education and sports sciences is the availability of the suspense and excitement factor when preparing. The proposed device, the subject of the research, is one of the training methods that are believed to contribute to accelerating and facilitating the training process and the correct performance of freestyle swimming. The movement of the arms in freestyle swimming is the source of the driving force for the body and requires the characteristic of the distinctive speed strength as a basic factor in covering the distance in the shortest possible time and thus improving the time. The importance of the research is evident in designing a training device outside the water on which special exercises are used for arm movement to develop the ability of the players' arms in ground exercises outside the water. The research problem is to find alternative means and devices to practice the movement and with the same path and performance that will help in continuing training and not interrupting it. Therefore, the research problem was the effect of training with a designed device in developing the rapid strength of the arms and its relationship to achieving 50 meters freestyle swimming, as well as due to the clear lack of swimming places for practical lessons in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences. The most important goals were to prepare exercises with the training device in developing the rapid strength of the arms and identifying the relationship between the rapid strength of the arms and the achievement of 50 meters butterfly swimmers. As for the research method, it was the experimental method with two experimental and control groups. The research sample was students of the swimming team specialization at the university /, for the academic year (2023-2024), numbering (34) students, who represented the research community, and (20 students) were selected and divided into two groups, control and experimental. The results indicated the superiority of the experimental group because it used the independent variable, which is the device, in developing strength and achievement

The search Extract lies the importance of study in the attempt of researchers add a new scientific resources by introducing and employing hierarchical learning strategy in teaching students's technical performance for the effectiveness of the hammer for students, in order to prepare unequivocal learners who have many ideas Experience and knowledge to advise them in the future, in addition to how to learn the right to good performance for the effectiveness of the hammer throw, so researchers see the use of a hierarchy's learning strategy so that they are achieving their search objectives, preparing an educational approach The use of a hierarchical learning strategy in learning technical performance in order to be effective of the hammer for students and identifying the difference between the result in the trabal and backytast for the study sample in learning technical performance to effectively throw the hammer for students. Either research hypotheses, that the educational curriculum using a paired learning strategy has a positive effect in learning technical performance to effectively throw the hammer for students, and there are different scientific in the outcomes of tribal and diminishing tests for sample and testing Sahemi in learning technical performance to usefully throw the hammer for students. The community and sample included the first phase students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Kufa for the academic year 2021-2022 for the first semester and their number (60) student They consider a society and sample of research as they divided into the random way to two groups, where the Division (b) represented the experimental group of 30 (30) students and a Division (a) acted the control group and adult The number (30) students applauded by the curriculum are made by the teacher. The recommendations are the possibility of using a hierarchical learning strategy as one of the key tactics in instructional activities dealing with the tools such as the effectiveness of the hammer throw.

The research aims to identify the effect of multimedia units on learning the skills of tapping, peaceful scoring and cognitive achievement in basketball for the three experimental groups, to identify the effect of the best educational method on learning the skills of tapping, peaceful scoring in basketball and cognitive achievement among the three experimental groups. The experimental method was used to suit the nature and objectives of the research. The research community was determined for the second-stage students of Al-Rumaila Intermediate School in Anbar Governorate, and the number of individuals in the research sample was (20) students, representing 25% of the research community. 2-6 The following research tests were used to achieve the research objectives: the correct scoring test, the high tapping test for a distance of 20 meters with the dominant arm. After conducting the pre-tests and applying the educational units, post-tests were conducted and information and data were collected for the purpose of statistical analysis using the statistical package (SPSS). After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, positive effects appeared between the pre- and post-test of the two experimental research groups for the skills (patting, aiming) in favor of the post-test, and that the use of the mediator (CD) led to the emergence of positive effects in learning the skills under study in favor of the post-tests. The use of the mediator (a small booklet of sequential moving images) led to the emergence of positive effects in learning the skills under study in favor of the post-tests. No difference appeared in the effect on cognitive achievement between the two experimental research groups.

The role of the science of measurement and testing has emerged as an evaluation tool in the sports field because it is one of the sciences on which the science of sports training is based, which plays an important and fundamental role in identifying the level of development of the player, and then knowing the extent to which the coach achieves his goals within his training circle. Therefore, the need has emerged today for tests that are more realistic and accurate in measuring the level of training status for the requirements of the games. The importance of the research lies in evaluating the performance of the players of the National Center for Sports Talent Care in football by conducting follow-up tests that lead to knowing their level of motor and skill abilities, as the researcher sees through his definition of the research problem, where the researcher conducted interviews with the talent center coaches and found that there is no evaluation tool in the hands of the coach to follow up the players’ performance. The National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Football with Special Motor and Skills Abilities. The study aimed to determine the special motor and skill abilities to evaluate the performance of the players of the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in football and to identify the level of players’ performance in the motor and skill abilities of the players of the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in football. According to the follow-up tests and identifying the differences between the results of the follow-up tests for the motor and skill abilities of the members of the research sample and finding the standard levels for evaluating the performance of the players of the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Football, the descriptive approach was chosen in follow-up studies to suit the research problem. As for the research population and sample, the research community was limited to the players of the National Center for Nurturing Sports Talent in Football in Baghdad. Their number reached (90) players, and the research sample was chosen intentionally, and they numbered (20) players from the Baghdad center, and the exploratory experiment sample (5) players. The research procedures included determining the motor and skill abilities associated with the research variables from the experts in the field of testing and measurement in football, as well as choosing tests that measure the abilities for the research variables. Follow-up tests were conducted three times, and the time difference was 4 weeks between one measurement and another. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) for statistical processing, and he reached a set of conclusions and recommendations. The most prominent conclusions are: It was shown that follow-up tests have the ability to measure the training status of the players of the National Center for Sports Talent Welfare, and that follow-up tests have the ability to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the players of the National Center for Sports Talent in football. It became clear to the researcher that all the skill abilities under study had developed at different rates, and the recommendations were to pay attention to follow-up tests and include them within the annual curriculum of the National Center for Sports Talent and pay attention to follow-up tests through tests for each training period so that coaches discover the strengths and weaknesses of the players in the physical, motor and skill aspects. It is necessary to pay greater attention to the physical and movement aspects and focus on the abilities related to the game of football, as well as to conduct a follow-up study of other games.

The individual performance of the players in the team is a decisive factor in achieving success and winning in football, and among the important factors in the performance of the players is speed and agility, the ability of the player to move at high speed and change directions smoothly enhances the effectiveness of performing offensive skills, weight training is one of the most important means to improve speed Coupled with agility and precision attacking skills, these exercises involve wearing additional weights such as barbells or sandbags while practicing various soccer-related sports.
The aim of the research was to prepare exercises (by weighting) for the preparation period for advanced football players and to identify the impact of these exercises on developing the speed associated with agility and the accuracy of the performance of offensive skills for advanced football players. Perform offensive skills of soccer players, the research sample consisted of the players of Al-Kut Sports Club in football, one of the second-division clubs for the season (2021-2022), which numbered (23) players. The exploratory experiment was applied to them and they were excluded from the research sample to which the main experiment was applied, so the number of players on whom the main experiment was conducted became (16) players, and thus the percentage of the sample became (69.56%), and the research continued for the period from 8/1/2023 to 17/3/2023 at the Al-Kut Sports Club stadium in the city of Al-Kut.
The researcher concluded that the implemented program has shown significant progress in the study's variables. The training resulting from using the proposed exercises positively affects the improvement of physical performance, which in turn affects the accuracy and performance of offensive football skills. The researcher recommended the adoption of the proposed exercises, emphasizing the use of scientific foundations when designing the training program. It is also necessary to apply the suggested program to different categories of football players and conduct similar studies in other sports, considering different age levels, in order to achieve the best levels.