University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The research aims to identify the effect of exercises on the offensive skills of blind youth goalball players. The researcher hypothesizes that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and posttests of the offensive skills of blind youth goalball players. The researcher used the experimental method by designing one experimental group with two pre- and post-tests to suit the nature of the research problem. The research population was determined from young blind goal ball players, as the research sample included members of the entire research community, represented by the Iraqi youth goal ball team players for the blind, who numbered (six) players. They were chosen intentionally and through a comprehensive inventory of all members of the research community , The researcher concluded that special exercises have a positive impact on developing the offensive skills of young blind goalball players. The researcher recommends that attention be paid to generalizing the results of this study when seeking to improve goal scoring for blind goalball youth team players, and to emphasize the applications of special exercises when seeking to develop accuracy in The offensive skills of youth team players in goal ball for the blind.

The study aims to identify the effect of fartlek training on some physical variables and heart functions for youth basketball players of the waterwheel club, aged (17-18). The research used the experimental method by designing a single experimental group with two pre- and post-tests, and on a similar sample of players of the waterwheel basketball club, aged (17). -18) For young men with a number of (10) players, the research used a number of physical tests to measure (speed table, transitional speed, and specific agility) and tests to measure heart function indicators (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, resting pulse, maximum pulse, stroke volume, Cardiac impulse during rest, maximum cardiac impulse) A training curriculum was designed that included exercises applied in the fartlek style. The curriculum continued to be implemented over a period of eight weeks and at the rate of three training units per week. After completing the research procedures and statistical treatments, the results showed that fartlek exercises achieved positive results. In improving physical and functional indicators of the heart as a result of post-test results.

The great development that the educational process has witnessed in recent times is only the result of the use of modern teaching methods, methods and means, the use of which has become an essential thing in the educational process, through investing various tools and devices in teaching methods and techniques in general, in addition to their effective impact on Learn and develop technical performance in basketball in particular.
The research aimed to identify the effect of using skill exercises using the direct teaching method (embedding) in teaching the skills of high tackle and rebound handling in basketball to fourth-grade female students in middle school.
The research problem revolved around the following question: Do skill exercises using the direct teaching method have a role in improving the level of performance of the high tackle and rebound skills in basketball for female students?
The researcher used the experimental approach with two equal groups to suit the nature of the research and its problem. The sample was represented by (30) female students in the fourth grade of middle school for the academic year 2023-2024 AD, who were chosen (by random method) and then divided (by lottery method) into two equal groups with a ratio of (15). ) one student for each group (control and experimental), and some tests related to the research topic (pre-tests) were conducted regarding the skills of high hitting and rebound handling in basketball.
The exercises were applied for a period of two months, with two educational units per week, on the research sample, after which (post-tests) were conducted and the results were presented and discussed. The researcher reached the most important conclusions, and the skill exercises had an effective role in learning the skills of feedback handling and high-handedness for fourth-year middle school female students. The researcher recommended in light of Conclusions: It is necessary to use such exercises for these age groups.

The research aims to prepare sensory-motor exercises to develop the accuracy of the performance of handling and scoring skills for young football players, and to identify the effect of sensory-motor exercises in developing the accuracy of the performance of handling and scoring skills for young soccer players. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing two equal-numbered control and experimental groups with the same test. Pre and post, to suit the research problem, the research sample was chosen intentionally, and they are represented by the young Al-Fahd football club players, who number (16) players. They were divided randomly into two groups (control and experimental), each group consisting of (8) players The researcher concluded that the kinesthetic exercises have a positive effect in developing the accuracy of the performance of the handling and scoring skills for the research sample, and that the experimental group that used the kinesthetic exercises in the post-test was superior to the control group that used the coach’s exercises in testing the players’ handling and scoring skills. In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends To the need to pay attention to sensory-motor perception exercises when developing training curricula for football teams, due to the development of the research variables revealed by the research results, and to the necessity of introducing greater distance and force sense exercises because they require a longer time and more repetitions to develop them, and to conduct similar studies and research on the rest of the other skills. Other categories.

Muscle strength increases with weight training, which includes muscle contractions such as (pulling, pressing, or lifting). Strength exercises contribute to improving the fencing player’s striking power and directing stabs at the opponent, in addition to the speed of control of attack and defense movements. This enhances the diversity in the fencing player’s strategies and enhances endurance. The length of the fight, which helps the player to counter attacks and move to attack efficiently during the fight. The goal was to use solid resistance, such as free weights, or flexible resistance, such as the sando. The sample was chosen intentionally from the 14 players of the national fencing team. The experiment was carried out in the hall of the National Center for Talent in Fencing, and the training curriculum was to use exercises. Two types of resistance (hard and flexible) to develop muscle strength due to their importance and impact in developing some physical variables such as strength, speed, and endurance. The experimental method was used on two groups, a group that used solid resistance weights and a group that used flexible spring resistance (sando). The problem was that most fencing coaches relied on strength training with body resistance, pressure, and tension only, and not using tools, means, and devices in training. The research aimed to develop two resistance exercises (rigid weights) and (flexible sando). The assumption was that the exercises prepared using the two resistances (rigid and flexible) would have a statistically significant effect for the first and second groups and in favor of the post-test. The research recommends adopting the two resistance exercises (rigid and flexible) in developing strength. All kinds of muscles because of their impact on the physical abilities of fencing players.

The study aims to identify the relationship between physical motor intelligence and the performance of technical skills in futsal game. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit the nature of the research problem and achieve its goals , as the research community was represented and sampled by players of the "Golan sports club" in futsal for the sports season (2020-2021) the number of the players is (14), and the sample correlation law (pearson) was used to obtain the results of the correlation between the variable . The researches concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship to physical motor intelligence and the accuracy of the performance of handling and scoring in the game of futsal. The researches recommended the need to alert coaches to use the intelligence measures to know the level of the players, especially during selection , research, studies , and development. Conducting other similar studies in light of the psychological and physical aspects to contribute to progress.

In this research, the effect of special training on some physiological and biochemical variables and the level of achievement of 200 meters was studied. The research sample consisted of 200 runners representing the Iraqi youth national team, of which there were( 7) runners, and they were selected in a deliberate way, and the researcher used the experimental method, and the study aimed at numbers of exercises, especially the high-intensity interval training method to develop the achievement of running 200 meters. To identify the impact of exercises related to the high-intensity interval training method on some physiological and chemical variables and the achievement of running 200 meters . While the imposition of the research there were significant differences between the pre-and post-tests of the research variables (under study) for the individuals of the research sample and in favor of post-tests, the researcher concluded an increase in the immune capacity of leukocytes, which led to a rise in the health status of the individuals of the research sample due to the implementation of the proposed exercises .As a result of the implementation of high-intensity exercise, there was a high level of concentration of plasma proteins (albumin and globulin) to maintain fluid balance inside the body and maintain osmotic pressure, the researcher recommended attention to studying the impact of sports exertion on the health status, especially immune ones,through laboratory tests Different ways to follow the career role of athletes. Setting schedules for athletes for permanent consumption of mineral salts by paying attention to the daily supply to compensate for what is lost during high-intensity activities, so that the sports performance of the players is not affected.

The aim of this research was to identify specific exercises using deep training methods for trunk muscles to enhance certain physical abilities and shooting accuracy in indoor soccer players. Researchers identified a deficiency in specific physical abilities, including explosive strength and speed-strength, and emphasized their importance for players. They focused on muscle development and understanding its impact on soccer shooting accuracy to achieve optimal player performance.
Researchers found significant meaningful differences in some physical abilities between pre-test and post-test, favoring the post-test among the research sample. Additionally, there were significant meaningful differences in shooting accuracy between pre-test and post-test, favoring the post-test among the research sample.
The researchers employed an experimental method suitable for the research problem and objectives. They deliberately selected a sample of (12) players from the Sporting Club of the University of the Nile to represent a single experimental group with pre-test and post-test at a percentage of (20)%
Key findings and recommendations include:
1. Previous studies have shown that reciprocal teaching plays a significant role in enhancing learning experiences in various sports, including basketball for female students.
2. Reciprocal teaching allows students to actively participate in the learning process, enhancing their understanding of fundamental skills and comprehensive development.
The researchers recommend:
1. Encouraging further studies focusing on the impact of reciprocal teaching on learning basketball skills for female students.
2. Developing educational programs based on reciprocal teaching and providing training courses for coaches and teachers to effectively implement this educational approach.

The research aims to prepare physical skill exercises for advanced football players. It also aims to identify the effect of physical and skill exercises to develop the speed and accuracy of performing some basic skills for football players. The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-tests and post-tests for the control and experimental research groups in The skill performance of advanced soccer players, as well as the presence of statistically significant differences between the post-tests between the control and experimental groups in the speed and accuracy of performing some basic skills for advanced soccer players, The researcher used the experimental method and designed two equal groups, control and experimental, with pre- and post-tests. The research sample included players from Al-Fahd Club and Al-Karma Club, and they were chosen intentionally and then divided into two groups, control and experimental, by lottery. They constituted a percentage of (9.3%) of the total research population, The researcher used a set of complex exercises that he designed. The exercises were carried out for eight weeks, with two training units per week, on Sunday and Wednesday. The experiment began to be implemented on Sunday, corresponding to 1/5/2023 and continued until Wednesday, corresponding to 30/7/2023. After completing the experiment, conducting post-tests, and collecting, analyzing, and processing the results, the researcher concluded that skill training had a significant impact on the development of the field player in soccer, and that skill training had a positive impact on developing skill performance in soccer.

The problem of the research lies in trying to answer the following question: What is the role of change management in the administrative excellence of school principals from the point of view of physical education teachers working in the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad Al-Rusafa? The study aimed to build two standards for change management and administrative excellence, learn about change management and administrative excellence, and identify the role of change management in administrative excellence from the point of view of physical education teachers in the Baghdad Al-Rusafa education directorates. The research community consisted of physical education teachers, numbering (1042) teachers. The community was divided into samples (reconnaissance, construction, and application), and two scales of change management and administrative excellence were constructed through the use of scientific foundations (validity and consistency) for construction procedures. The two scales were applied to the application sample. The researcher concluded that most school principals are proficient in communicating with the surrounding environment of the school, the local community, and institutions. Service, humanitarian, and other services with the aim of facilitating all school activities and facilitating the process of achieving administrative excellence. The school principal is the engine that activates the roles of teachers and can motivate them with encouragement and give them the opportunity to prove themselves and achieve excellence. The researcher recommended paying attention to applying the principles of change management to a large extent in all schools for its role in achieving administrative excellence within the school, and preparing training courses for school principals, lectures and conferences in the field of change management to educate them about the nature of change management and its role in improving the quality of performance and excellence, and the conduct of processes, activities and decision-making in the school. It must be clear and transparent to all teachers and subject to change, modification and development.

The research aimed to build a measure of the creative performance of wooden badge holders in Iraq, and to identify the creative performance of wooden badge holders in Iraq. The researchers adopted the descriptive survey method to suit it with the nature of the research, and the research community was determined from wooden badge holders in Iraq, numbering (504). Individuals, and the researchers selected the research sample from a population with a percentage of (50%), that is, with a number of (252) individuals. A number of (44) phrases were formulated, divided into (5) areas, and they were presented to the experts, and (4) phrases were deleted from them. After applying the scientific foundations, the scale became composed of (40) statements, and then the final form of the scale was applied to the research sample. The researchers concluded that the scale is valid for measuring the creative performance of wooden badge holders in Iraq, and that the research sample has interests in indicators of effectiveness and confirmation of creativity and innovation. The researchers recommended emphasizing creative ideas because of their importance in providing innovative solutions to the problems they face, and the necessity of seeking the assistance of wooden badge holders in Iraq who possess creative performance and benefit from their experience.

The aim of the altaerif bindarat alainfiealat ladaa muntakhab jamieat almawsil alkuliya study was to develop a guidance program for managing emotions among the University of Mosul volleyball team players. Additionally, the study aimed to identify any differences in pre- and post-test emotional management between the experimental and control groups, as well as any differences between the two post-tests within the experimental group. The study examines the management of emotions among players of the University of Mosul volleyball team using an experimental method. The research sample comprised 14 players from the team during the academic year 2023-2024, divided equally into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each with 7 players. The researcher used the emotion management scale prepared by (Delsouz Naeem, 2022) as a means of collecting data. The program was applied to the experimental group, while the control group was not subjected to the program and the duration of its implementation. The program took (4) weeks, that is, two sessions per week, while the researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to extract statistical means: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, t-test for independent samples, t-test for correlated samples, test (t) for one sample, and the researcher concluded the effectiveness of the program that the researcher built in managing emotions for volleyball players, which was inferred through the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental group, the researcher recommended the possibility of benefiting from the guidance program that the researcher prepared because it demonstrated his ability in a positive way in managing emotions, enhancing the level of emotional management among the research sample by the coaches, and explaining its importance in all areas of life in general and sports life It is necessary to conduct studies on guidance programs and their application in guiding players and educating them.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of exercises similar to performance according to a multi-level method in learning some of the skills of the floor mat in artistic gymnastics for men, the researcher used the experimental approach by designing one group, where the research sample included (8) Educated From Specialized Academy in Gymnastics The main research experiment was carried out by applying exercises similar to performance and multi-level method for a period of (8) weeks by two educational units per week, the results obtained were presented and discussed scientifically based on scientific sources, after which the researcher concluded a multi-level method for him A positive and more effective effect than the traditional method in learning some of the skills of the floor movements rug with artistic gymnastics for men The researcher recommended the need for diversity in the use of educational methods to make the learning process interesting and beloved for educated individuals.

The aim of the research was to prepare and standardize an Endurance-power test for junior boxers, The researcher adopted the descriptive approach on a group of players from (Al-Shoula, Airlines, Al-Jaish and Al-Bayaa clubs), aged (14-16) years, who numbered (44) boxers, and they represent the total research sample, (4) players were selected from them for the exploratory sample, and (40) players are the research sample, representing the original community. The researcher came up with a test of the Endurance-power for junior boxers that simulates the nature of performance, enjoys scientific transactions, is appropriate for the sample, has the ability to measure, and has the ability Distinguish between the tested boxers, and the researcher recommends the necessity of adopting the research results through the use of an Endurance-power test distinguished by speed for junior boxers.

The importance of the research lies in the use of exercises to relieve psychological stress and a sense of psychological loneliness, because it represents an unpleasant experience, indicating a lack of harmony, which is accompanied by many cases of difficulty in social integration among the orphans of the state’s homes, as well as learning the skill of handling and serving in volleyball, The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the proposed exercises in relieving psychological stress and a sense of psychological loneliness for the research sample, and to identify the effect of the proposed exercises in learning the skills of handling and serving in volleyball for the research sample, The researcher reached the conclusions that the exercises prepared by the researcher have a positive effect in relieving psychological pressure and reducing the feeling of loneliness among the research sample, and the exercises prepared by the researcher have an effective effect in developing the skills of sending and handling from above in volleyball among the research sample, The researcher recommends allocating an entertaining sports lesson inside orphanages in which sports games are practiced to reduce their psychological pressure and keep them away from feeling lonely.

Preparing educational units using the back-to-back strategy to learn the skills of preparing and receiving a volleyball serve for female students. Identifying the effect of the back-to-back strategy on learning the skills of preparing and receiving the serve in volleyball for female students. The researcher used the experimental method with two equal groups (control and experimental) to suit the nature of the research problem. The research population is determined by the female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls, the second stage of the academic year (2022-2023), who number (62) students. The research sample was chosen randomly, as The sample of the exploratory experiment was (5) female studentsThe main experiment was (32) female students representing two divisions (A-B), as (5) female students were excluded after conducting the pre-tests due to their lack of commitment to working hours. Thus, the main research sample became (32) female students distributed into two divisions (A-B), Division (A) (15) female students represented the experimental group, and Section (B) (15) female students represented the control group. Post-tests were conducted on the two research samples on Thursday, December 29, 2022, in the internal hall of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls, and the test scores were recorded on special forms to be processed statistically. The SPSS statistical package was used to process the data statistically. Using the following laws (arithmetic mean - standard deviation - simple correlation coefficient - T-Test) for correlated and uncorrelated samples. Using the back-to-back strategy led to the participation of all students in the learning process and increased interaction within the lesson. The recommendations confirmed that using the back-to-back strategy had a positive role in improving the performance and accuracy of the volleyball preparation and reception skills among the research
sample. And also use this strategy to learn other skills and on other samples. It is necessary to train and conduct development courses for physical education teachers to learn about modern strategies and how to use them.

The study aims to identify the level of skill ability indicators, build and codify standard levels for skill ability indicators among junior national football team players in the Republic of Yemen ,the relationship between indicators of skill abilities and their level of sporting achievement. The research was conducted on a sample of (19) players, who were chosen intentionally. The descriptive approach was used to suit the nature of the research. The results showed that there are varying results in the level of sporting achievement from (the highest value to the lowest value) according to the indicators of the skill abilities of the national junior football team. There is a statistically significant direct relationship between (the indicators of skill abilities and the level of sporting achievement) of the national junior football team, and they recommended Researchers are planning to hold intensive training courses for coaches, through which the base and criteria for indicators of skill abilities will be clarified for selecting football juniors in the age groups under the age of 17 in the Republic of Yemen, and generalizing the results drawn from the current research to Yemeni sports clubs for application on the ground.

The present paper aims to find out the sports injuries suffered by football players in the Premier League Clubs in Anbar governorate. The researcher has used the descriptive approach as it is the best way to achieve the research objectives. The research community consisted of players from Premier League football Clubs that included (100) players. The research sample included injured players (47) players representing (47%) of the research sample. (7) players were taken for the exploratory experiment and were not excluded from the main experiment and the most important results are:
*lack of warm-up is one of the most important causes of sports injuries. The use of random training followed by some coaches has a negative impact on most players.
The researcher has recommended:
*Not neglecting the injury even if it was minor and determine the correct diagnosis and complete treatment before returning to physical activity and to give sufficient and good time to warm-up.
*Paying attention to the open stadiums designated for training sports teams and working to remaintain and expand them.

The current century is considered the century of human intelligence, and different times are characterized by contemporary processes and patterns of thinking that reflect the current era. These variables and different times are likely to have many impacts that affect the content of school and university education curricula, which are considered a contributing environment to the development of human thought and work to raise its levels to the highest levels. The image and application of scientific theories to the highest levels. The method of clarity of presentation is one of the modern methods by which the teacher presents his scientific material in a clear manner that enables his students to understand it. The aim of the research is to find out: the effect of using the method of clarity of presentation in learning the skills of handling and scoring in indoor football. The researcher used The experimental approach was designed by designing two equal groups representing the research population and a sample of fifth-grade middle school students. Through the results that were reached, it was revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test of the research. sample, as well as the presence of statistically significant differences in the post-tests, and the superiority of the experimental group over the control group. The most important conclusions were that the clarity of presentation method achieved its goals in learning the skills of handling and scoring. The recommendations included emphasizing the use of the method of clarity of presentation as it achieved its goals in learning the skills of handling and scoring for students because it is a method that is consistent with the nature of football skills. Conducting similar studies at other levels of study. And different games.

The study aims to design educational units using the Deans model with an educational mediator that helps in cognitive achievement and learning the skills of receiving the serve from below with volleyball for middle school students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal control and experimental groups with a pre-test and a post-test, in order to suit the nature of the research problem and the pre-test measurements were adopted. And the dimension of evaluating the technician through videotaping and presenting the performance to experts and specialists in the game of volleyball, where the research sample was represented by the students of the second stage of the Al-Zaytoun middle school for Boys in Ramadi District, who numbered (30) students, as the application of the educational curriculum took (3 weeks) and included The educational part is by presenting the skill through (educational poster - data show) with sufficient and comprehensive explanation of the kinetic performance in addition to directing cognitive questions in the historical, skillful, technique, educational and legal fields. The applied part contains exercises according to the stages of the model, graded in difficulty from easy to difficult with correction and providing nutrition. The feedback for students aims to develop the students’ kinetic skill performance in learning the skill of receiving serve from below. After completing the application of the educational curriculum, post-measurements were conducted to determine the results. The study concluded that the educational curriculum using the Deans model contributed positively to increasing the level of cognitive achievement and learning the skill. Receiving the serve from the bottom with a volleyball for students, including it in the exercises from easy to difficult contributed positively to increasing students’ excitement to understand and realize the skill. The study recommended benefiting from the results of this study in the middle stage and the necessity of using the Deans model as an educational medium because of its positive impact. In cognitive achievement and the acquisition of the skills of receiving the serve from below in volleyball for students, the process of teaching the skill of receiving the serve from below should be accompanied by cognitive, historical, mental, kinetic and technique aspects to increase understanding, awareness and interpretation of the skill.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the proposed educational exercises in developing some motor abilities and the accuracy of performance of some football skills. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the two equal groups for the research sample of (30) players from the two teams of Babel and Al-Hilla club for the season (2021-2022) Ages (13-15) years from the original research community of (35) players, and a sample was divided equally into two groups, one experimental and the other a control. Of the students of the second stage, their number reached (5) players, and after conducting tribal tests and implementing the vocabulary of special exercises for a period of (4) weeks and at a rate of (2) Two educational units with a total number (8) units, after which the dimensional tests of agility and dribbling in football were conducted, and after data extraction and statistical processing and then presented, analyzed and discussed depending on the relevant scientific sources, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which were the effectiveness of educational exercises In light of these conclusions, the researchers recommended the necessity of emphasizing the use of the proposed visual stimuli in the football educational units for this category.

In this study, the researcher sought to find out the effect of using colored rubber ropes of different intensities accompanying the exercises in developing endurance for performing static muscular work and achieving high achievements. The research population was the players of the national team for advanced bow and arrow, which numbered (10) players divided into two groups. Experimental and control (5) for each group. This population was deliberately chosen, and the experimental method was used to achieve the research objectives. They were tested in a pre-test to determine their overall level of tolerance for work performance and achievement. After implementing the training program prepared by the researcher on the experimental group, the The researcher tested them with a post-test to determine the extent of their development. The researcher reached conclusions including: The experimental group outperformed the control group in the rate of development of the static muscle work endurance test and the achievement of the national team players for bow and arrow applicants.
In light of these conclusions, he recommended several recommendations, including: The researcher recommends that trainers of the Iraqi Federation of Bow and Arrow use colored rubber ropes of different intensity during the training units they conduct for players of various categories.

The importance of research is evident in raising the level of functional performance of volleyball players through appropriate training that maintains the concentration of salts within the body. Stress training is one of the most important types of modern training that operates under conditions similar to match conditions and with high effort. Thus, we can adapt the player to that environment before competing. ،The research problem: Skillful performance in volleyball throughout the match period requires maintaining speed and endurance and not changing the level of functional performance, especially salts in the player’s body that are lost due to high effort, and their depletion has a negative impact on the functional systems and reduces energy production. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the type of training and adaptation to these difficult conditions Research objectives، To determine the effect of stress training on mineral salt concentration and skill performance Accordingly, the conclusion was made: Stress training is one of the exercises with a high load and helps increase and regulate the concentration of mineral salts and skill performance،It was recommended: - Adopting stress training because it is a high-load exercise and helps increase and regulate the concentration of mineral salts and skill performance.

The research aimed to identify the level of psychological frequency and motor reaction time among soccer goalkeepers and the extent of the effectiveness of the relationship between them. We assumed that there is a statistically significant correlation between them, and the researcher adopted the descriptive approach to extract the correlation between the variables of the study in order to achieve the objectives and hypotheses of the study. As for the sample It was chosen deliberately to include the football goalkeepers of the Ramadi clubs in the second division, who numbered (27) goalkeepers representing (9) clubs. (7) goalkeepers, (5) of whom were subjected to the exploratory experiment, and (2) of whom were excluded due to injury, were excluded. The final number was (20) goalkeepers, who represented (07.74%) of the study population. The researcher concluded that there is an acceptable correlation between the level of psychological hesitation and the speed of motor response among soccer goalkeepers. The researcher recommends: the necessity of preparing seminars and counseling and educational sessions for all athletes by coaches and specialists, aimed at developing positive personal traits and reducing negative traits in players, and conducting other studies related to the psychological aspect of other samples and various sporting events, whether individual or group.

The study aims to identify the effect of some special exercises and the auxiliary training tools to assist in developing the two skills of the reception of serving and the locking wall in volleyball . The hypo theses of the research emphasize that the special exercises by using the auxiliary training tools have a positive effect on the development wall in volleyball . The hypo theses of the research emphasize that the special exercises by using the auxiliary training tools have a positive effect on the receptim of serving and the blocking wall as well as the presence of statistically signifieaut difference between the pre and post tests and in favour of the post tests in the variables under study. the researchers have used the experimental method and the sample was from the players of Abu Risha club in volleyball for the aduanced. the sample of the research consists of (14) players besides the statistical means . The results of the research have been presented and discussed and in the light of these results , the aims and hypo theses of the research have been realized . The researches have arrived at a number of conclusions and recommendations ammg them , the performance of the special exercises by using the development of the two skills of the reception serving and the blocking wall in volleyball . the researchers recommend the use of special exercises and generalize them to the coaches who work in this field to get benefit from them besides the necessity of using the auxiliary training tools to develop the two skills of the reception of serving and the blocking wall in volleyball.

The use of working memory exercises within the Rehacum system, which is witnessed worldwide in the field of learning, in developing basic volleyball skills for first intermediate students. Working memory within the Rehacom system is the individual’s ability to the extent of knowledge of visual-spatial memory and the function of visual-spatial memory, in addition to visual-spatial learning and working memory, and it can be applied within the field of educational psychology for middle and middle school students and advanced stages, so the researcher decided to use working memory exercises. Within the Rehacom system in learning to perform the skills of passing from above and below in volleyball for second intermediate students, this was the intention for the academic year 2022-2023 This is due to the availability of the indoor hall designated for team games for volleyball, basketball, and handball. The researcher used the experimental method in a one-group manner with a pre- and post-test. The research sample was represented by (10) students from the second intermediate group using a lottery system, and the number of students in the chosen section reached (30) students. The rest of the class was used. (10) students for the exploratory experiment, and the rest were absentees and those with chronic diseases. The curriculum was applied over a period of (8) weeks The conclusions were the emergence of a positive development in the use of working memory exercises within the Rehacom system in learning to perform the skills of passing from above and below in volleyball for the second intermediate students, which the researcher followed for the post-tests. The researcher recommended the necessity of a similar study for emerging and young players to develop their cognitive abilities.

The research aims to study and compare the internal environment and administrative performance from the point of view of male and female technical supervisors in sports and school activity departments in the governorates of Iraq and to identify the internal environment and administrative performance according to gender. As for the research methodology and procedures, the researchers used the descriptive method using the survey method and the correlational method, and the research community included His samples were from male and female technical supervisors in sports activity departments in the governorates of Iraq. The study sample was chosen and numbered (100) male and female technical supervisors, and the exploratory experiment sample numbered (20) male and female technical supervisors. As for the final application sample, their number was (100) male and female supervisors. A technician from the governorates of Iraq, bringing the total number of the original research sample to (120) technical supervisors.
After completing all field and analytical procedures, the researchers reached the most important conclusions and recommendations:
The results of the research revealed a high level of the internal environment and administrative performance of divisional officials in sports and school activities from the point of view of male and female technical supervisors in Iraq. The study reached the conclusion that there is a non-significant difference between the grades of technical supervisors and the grades of female technical supervisors and in favor of technical supervisors in the administrative performance of public officials in sports and school activities in Iraq. The researchers recommend conducting studies similar to the current study to identify more broadly the extent of the role of the internal environment in the level of Administrative performance on department heads in the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, school principals, or physical education teachers in schools, which helps to compare results and experiences between educational and pedagogical institutions, as well as increasing interest in training technical supervisors in a way that contributes to improving their administrative performance and developing their abilities By using advanced scientific and theoretical methods.

The research aimed to identify Identifying the level of administrative competencies of the presidents of Premier League football clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from the point of view of their administrative bodies. Identifying the level of strategic thinking of the presidents of Premier League football clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from the point of view of their administrative bodies. Identifying the relationship between the administrative competencies and strategic thinking of the presidents of Premier League football clubs in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from the point of view of their administrative bodies. The researchers used the descriptive approach because it suits the nature of the current research, as the research sample included members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs participating in the Premier League in football in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, where the number of individuals in the community reached (128) members of the administrative body distributed among (16) sports clubs. The researchers used the questionnaire as an appropriate means of collecting data and information from the research sample, and for the purpose of achieving the research objectives, the researchers resorted to building a measure of strategic thinking for the presidents of football clubs participating in the Premier League in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. As for the variable of administrative competencies, the measure was used (Yasser Basel, 2022). To treat the data statistically, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and simple correlation coefficient were used. The researchers concluded that distinguished administrative competencies contribute to crystallizing ideas into real strategic plans that enhance the status and reputation of the sports club. The researchers recommend the need to pay attention to administrative competencies as they are a basic foundation upon which the management of the sports club is based in order to achieve the planned goals.

The problem of the research lies in the fact that the high level of physical preparation of football players is proportional to the level of performance of the players during the match, which has become faster and more passing, and this can be achieved through regular training within standardized curricula that work to improve football They have improved their physical fitness to keep up with the course of the match.
Weakness in the level of some elements of the physical fitness of young football players has been diagnosed by following up on the Kurdistan Region Football Association tournaments for the youth category, which led to a low level of players’ performance. According to the researcher’s experience, it was decided to study this problem and develop appropriate solutions for it by preparing exercises. According to the speed barrier method, it may contribute to raising the level of some elements of physical fitness under study, which fulfill the requirements of ambition to reach the best levels.
The research aims to the following:
Preparing exercises according to the method of breaking the speed barrier in developing the interactive compatibility capabilities of young football players.
Identify the effect of exercises based on the method of breaking the speed barrier in developing the interactive combinatorial abilities of members of the research sample.
The researcher assumed the following hypotheses:
There are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the interactive compatibility ability variable among individuals in the research sample.
The research areas include:
Human Field: For young football players of Rizgari Sports Club who are registered with the Kurdistan Region Football Association for the 2023/2024 football season.
Time range: from 6/1/2023 to 2/1/2024
Spatial area:Razgari Sports Club Stadium.
The researcher used the experimental method with a single group interconnected design (pre-post), on a random sample of young football players from the Rizgari Sports Club registered with the Kurdistan Region Football Association for the 2023/2024 football season, and the number of them was (20) players representing a percentage of (66.666%) of the original research community.
In light of the results of the study, the researcher concluded the following:
There was a positive effect of the exercises prepared according to the speed-breaking barrier method, which contributed to raising the level of test results for the interactive combinatorial abilities under study among members of the research sample.
The variation in the rate of development occurring in the variables investigated, as the highest rate of development was for the characteristic of balance, which reached (136.213%), followed by the characteristic of flexibility, which reached (71.753%), and then the characteristic of explosive force, which reached (22.820%), followed by the characteristic of elongation, as it reached (71.753%). It reached (19.799%), then the characteristic of transitional speed, which reached (14.291%), followed by the characteristic of agility, which reached (13.795%), and finally the characteristic of general compatibility, which reached (10.221%).

The research aims to develop some basic physical variables and offensive skills through special exercises to develop both physical and skill variables for basketball players and to identify the effect of physical exercises in developing some offensive skills for basketball players, where the researcher used the experimental approach with a one-group experimental design and by applying (pre-test) measurement. - Al-Baadi) to suit the nature of the research, as the size of the total research community was (16), first-class basketball players in Anbar Governorate in basketball for the sports season (2023-2024 AD), and the size of the basic research sample was (10) players representing the experimental group, as they constitute a percentage of (62). %) From the research community, the size of the exploratory research sample was (6) first-class players in Anbar Governorate and from outside the basic research sample. One of the most important conclusions was that special training had a positive impact on some physical variables (speed endurance, transitional speed, strength characterized by speed in the arms, and strength characterized by speed in the legs) for basketball players. The exercises also showed a positive impact on offensive skills (passing, dribbling, shooting, ) for basketball players. The researcher recommends the necessity of applying training because it is an effective training method for creating physical adaptation and improving some physical and skill variables for basketball players and other group activities.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of skill exercises on developing information processing and learning the skills of handling and scoring in football. The hypothesis of the research is that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test in information processing and learning the skills of handling and scoring in football for students in favor of the experimental group. To verify the hypotheses of the research, the researcher used the experimental method by designing two groups with a pre- and post-test. The research sample was represented by the second intermediate students of Al-Namariq Intermediate School for Boys, numbering (30) students, who were exposed to the experimental variable for a period of (8 weeks) at a rate of two units per week, i.e. (16) educational units. After concluding the researcher's experiment, he reached several conclusions, including that the skill exercises had achieved the purpose for which they were set in an excellent way by developing information processing and the skills of handling and scoring. Accordingly, the researcher recommended emphasizing the use of appropriate skill exercises when teaching basic skills in football to students, and paying attention to developing information processing, which has an impact And a major role in skill performance when teaching individuals.

The research aims to prepare skill exercises and design an assistive tool by the researchers in learning the skill of serving from above and below in volleyball for students and to use the experimental approach for two equal groups with a pre- and post-test. The population was identified from the center middle schools in the Muqdadiya district of Diyala Governorate, and their number was (10) schools. The research population represented (790) students in the first intermediate grade, and the research sample was represented by the original research population of first intermediate students in Al-Kindi Middle School for Boys in Diyala Governorate / Muqdadiya District for the academic year (2021/2022). Their number was (60) students. The sample was chosen intentionally for the first intermediate grade. Between two divisions (A and B), each division has (30) students, and by lottery method, division (B) was chosenrepresenting the control group (20) students, and the exploratory experiment group was chosen, and their number was (10) students. Skill exercises are considered one of the basics of the physical education lesson, with the introduction of auxiliary tools, as they represent a means of linking the exercise and the student to learn with sufficient time for each exercise, starting with the educational units, and applying the skill exercises with an auxiliary tool on Sunday, 2/27/2022, until Tuesday, 5/3/2022. For a period of (10) weeks, with two educational units per week, to become (20) educational units. The most important conclusions are that the skill exercises prepared using the auxiliary tool designed by the researchers are effective in learning the skill of serving from above and below in volleyball and had a role in increasing the learning rate of the experimental group. The most important recommendations included conducting studies similar to the current study on different samples of academic levels in individual or group sports that are appropriate for the year the ages of the sample.

The research aims to build two tests to measure speed amplitudes for scoring accuracy (30) seconds and (40) seconds for players of Premier League football clubs in Anbar Governorate, as well as to codify the two tests to measure speed amplitudes for scoring accuracy (30) seconds and (40) seconds for players of Premier League clubs. In football in Anbar Governorate. the researcher chose the research sample from first-class football players, numbering (80) players, and the number of the construction sample was (50) players, and the rationing sample was (30) players, namely the clubs (Golan, Al-Fahd, Ramadi, and Al-Karma). The researcher concluded by constructing and regulating two tests (30) and (40) seconds in measuring speed amplitude in football.

The importance of the research comes in giving a correct picture in teaching the performance of offensive skills with an epee weapon according to a scientific strategy aimed at raising the level of creative thinking necessary in this game, which performs the skill individually, independently and creatively after thinking correctly about the stab and moving at the moment of attack. The research problem was: stabbing with an epee weapon during an offensive skill performance requires quick decision-making in the attack and stabbing process, and in the event of failure, there will be an opportunity for the opposing defender to take the initiative to attack and win, which requires thinking and creativity in the performance. The most important objectives of the research were: to identify the effect of the “SCAMPER” strategy for creative thinking in teaching some basic offensive skills with the epee weapon to students.
Accordingly, the conclusions were made: The SCAMPER strategy for creative thinking is important and essential in sports educational programs, especially in teaching some basic offensive skills with epee weapons to students.
It was also recommended: Adopting the SCAMPER strategy for creative thinking because it is important and essential in sports educational programs, especially in teaching some basic offensive skills with epee weapons to students.

This study aimed to determine the effect of proposed training program using a step box on some anthroppmetric measurements and blood sugar levels for woman with types2 diabetes.To achieve this ,the researcher used The experimental method by designing one group to suit the research problem .The program was applied to a sample of(10)woman with diabetes .with type2diabetes. Participants were selected intentionally, at the rate of there training units per week ,and the program cortinued for (12)week . The results of the research showed that there were statistically significant differences between the per-and post –measurements in favor of the post – measurements (waist circumference – hip circumference- thigh circumference and blood sugar level the researcher recommended the their positive effects on the individual.

The research aims to identify the effect of the strategy of graded activities on the cognitive achievement of some vocabulary of the subject of teaching methods among female students. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing two equal groups with a pre- and post-test. The research community included second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Kirkuk for the academic year 2022. -2023, numbering (124). The research sample was represented by the female students of the second stage, numbering (37) students, with (15) students for each group. The process of homogeneity and equivalence was carried out in the pre-tests, and then the main experiment was applied, which included educational units according to the strategy of graded activities and the control group. I studied using the following method represented by the imperative method, and the implementation of the curriculum continued for (8) weeks at a rate of one unit per week, with the time of the educational unit reaching (90) minutes. The researcher conducted a exploratory experiment and after the introductory unit, then the researcher conducted the main experiment represented by applying the educational curriculum, and then conducted In the post-test, the data was extracted statistically, using the SPSS statistical package. The researcher concluded that the strategy of gradual activities in the cognitive achievement of some vocabulary items in the subject of teaching methods among the female students and clearly contributed to raising their level of performance through the content of the strategy, which gave a major role to the female students in taking The decision was made to achieve the objectives of the lesson compared to the usual method followed by the control group. The researcher recommended the necessity of introducing a strategy of graduated activities in the teaching process in the cognitive achievement of some vocabulary of the subject of teaching methods among female students.

The aim of the research is to develop an aerobic exercise program and a dietary system tailored to the capabilities of the research sample, and to identify the metabolic rate, fat percentage, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among the research sample. As for the research hypotheses, there are statistically significant differences between pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-tests in the metabolic rate, fat percentage, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among women aged 30-35.
The research field includes a sample of women aged 30-35, totaling 22 participants. The researchers used the single-group experimental design. which is the pre-test/post-test design. The conclusions drawn indicate that the use of aerobic exercises and dietary regimen for women aged 30-35 helped reduce fat levels, improve metabolic rate, and increase HDL levels. The researchers recommend the use of aerobic exercises and dietary regimen to reduce fat levels, especially in the buttocks area, and to increase HDL levels.

The problem lies in answering the following question Does the educational curriculum based on the constructivist learning model have an impact on physical-kinesthetic intelligence and learning some basic football skills for students? The study aimed to develop an educational curriculum according to the constructivist learning model that considers the development of physical-kinesthetic intelligence and learning basic skills in football. The study also aimed to assess the impact of the prepared educational curriculum. The research hypothesis states that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test scores of the research groups in favor of the post-tests for both groups. Additionally, there are statistically significant differences between the post-test scores of the research groups in favor of the experimental group. The researcher used an experimental approach, and the research sample consisted of 40 students from the second intermediate grade. After analysis, the researcher concluded that the educational curriculum based on the constructivist learning model proved to be effective in developing physical-kinesthetic intelligence and learning basic skills better than the traditional approach. The researcher recommended the use of the prepared educational curriculum as it plays an active role in developing physical-kinesthetic intelligence and learning skills under .study

The study aims to identify the effect of the Braille method with sensory exercises and some special educational methods when teaching the gymnastics forward rolling movement and teaching it artistically to blind students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing one experimental group with a pre- and post-test. The research sample represented two students aged (8- 12) years old at Al-Nour Institute in the city of Ramadi, Anbar Governorate - Iraq. They were chosen intentionally because they were the only ones from the blind category. A performance evaluation form was used to measure motor coordination by two experts in teaching artistic gymnastics in order to obtain pre-test data. The main experiment was carried out over a period of six years. Weeks, at the rate of one educational unit per week, and according to the institute’s lesson schedule, I used the Braille method, sensory exercises, and the proposed special educational methods when teaching in the educational and applied part of the main section of the lesson. After completing the main procedures, the post-test was conducted, and the data was processed statistically using tests. Nonparametric, the research showed a number of conclusions, the most important of which is obtaining positive results when using the (Braille) method, sensory exercises, and special educational methods indicative of the positive results of the research. The researchers recommended using the (Braille) method, sensory exercises, and special educational methods in teaching the gymnastics balled front roll movement and teaching it artistically to students. Category of blind people aged (8-12) years.