Misan Journal for Physical Education Sciences

The aim of the research is to design a program using the cognitive intelligence strategy and its effect on developing the main motor sentence of sports performances for female students of the Faculty of Physical Education. In light of this, it aims to provide the use of the experimental experimental application due to its suitability through the type and nature of this research from the experimental design using the pre- and post-measurements so that it can be reached. The current research community represents first-year female students of the Faculty of Physical Education, Sohag University, numbering (300) students in the second semester during the academic year 2023/2024. A random sample was selected from the research community "and the sample reached (60) students, divided as follows (40) students as a price sample and (20) students from the same research community and basic research changes (as a survey sample). One of the most important conclusions was that the proposed program using intelligences that was applied in this research led to an improvement in the bodily-kinesthetic, visual-spatial, and musical intelligence of the research group, and an improvement in the level of performance and motor innovation in the sports exercise shows of the research group. The most important recommendations were the necessity of paying attention to activating the strategy of multiple intelligences in the sports field in general and in the field of sports shows in particular.

The continuous development in the game of football requires development in the preparation of players in all physical and skill aspects, especially the offensive ones, through various modern exercises and methods. One of these effective training methods is the use of hanging ropes, which are considered modern training, as they represent an advanced form of resistance training that aims to develop muscle strength in all its forms without using weights or other forms of resistance, only body weight as natural resistance when performing exercises. Training using TRX hanging ropes works to develop the athletic performance of players by developing agility and strength characterized by speed, as it depends on gravity as resistance to body weight, which is reflected in the development of these qualities (agility, strength characterized by speed) to reach the best degree of accuracy in scoring from a direct free kick in football. As for the research problem, it was summarized in the presence of weakness and a decrease in the level of performance as the game progresses, and this is attributed to the lack of integration of physical abilities and skill performance as a result of the ineffectiveness of the training curricula prepared by the trainers and their failure to include training vocabulary specific to vital motor capabilities in a way that helps raise the physical, motor and skill level of players to achieve positive results. Therefore, the researchers decided to contribute to finding some solutions to this problem by using hanging ropes training (TRX) to develop agility and strength. Characterized by speed and impact on the accuracy of direct free kick performance for young football players

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units according to the artificial intelligence heuristics program using educational aids to aid cognitive achievement and learning some indoor soccer skills for students. To identify the effect of educational units according to the artificial intelligence heuristics program using educational aids to aid cognitive achievement and learning some indoor soccer skills for students. To identify the superiority of the experimental and control research groups in cognitive achievement and learning some indoor soccer skills for students. The researcher used the experimental method for its suitability and the requirements of the research and for being the appropriate means to prove its hypotheses. The researcher used the experimental design for two equal groups (experimental and control). Research community and sample The researcher determined the research community intentionally from the firststage students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Basic Education AlMustansiriya University for the academic year 20232024, numbering 179 male and female students divided into six classrooms, the first of which has 29, the second of which has 31, the third of which has 29, the fourth of which has 29, and the fifth of which has 50. As for the research sample, it was determined from males only, since the football subject is taught to males, and their number is 132 students, who were chosen randomly. The researcher deliberately placed papers with the names of the classrooms, and then the lottery process was conducted, which included 30 students, constituting 22.72% of the total male community, divided into two groups, each group consisting of (15) students, one of which was chosen randomly. Randomly, Hall 1 will represent the experimental group on which the artificial intelligence program heuristics will be applied using various educational means under investigation, while Hall 3, the control group, will apply the prescribed curriculum according to the method followed. Preparing educational units according to the artificial intelligence heuristics program with various educational means. The researcher organized educational units according to the artificial intelligence heuristics program with various educational means. The researcher prepared 12 educational units at a rate of one educational unit per week and the duration of the educational unit was 90 minutes and the total time of the educational units was 10.80 minutes according to the teaching system in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in the College of Basic Education, AlMustansiriya University for the subject of football for firstyear students. The researcher proceeded to apply the steps of the experimental method and then relied on the statistical bag for social sciences and reached scientific results that led the researcher to the most important conclusions, including for the educational units with the artificial intelligence heuristics program supported by various educational means to direct students to be active participants in the learning process by enhancing their interaction and motivation. The heuristics model works to encourage students to participate effectively in the educational process, whether through group discussions, practical exercises, or problem solving. This helps in building a dynamic educational environment full of interaction and active learning. Among the most important recommendations of the research. Emphasizing the work on developing educational systems based on artificial intelligence, such as heuristics programs, which can analyze students' learning patterns and provide personalized recommendations that enhance their interaction and participation in scientific and theoretical lessons. Students should be directed to use educational tools supported by artificial intelligence, such as the heuristics program, to enhance their selflearning and provide them with the necessary support, which makes it easier for them to face various educational challenges.

Recovery after athletic performance is a vital process aimed at restoring the body's energy and normal functions after exercise or sports competition. Recovery is just as important as training, as it allows the body to recover from physical and mental stress. This research aims to explore the impact of integrating certain recovery methods on some physiological measurements of 800-meter runners. The researchers used the experimental method on a sample of six 800-meter first-degree runners in the Arab Republic of Egypt. Recovery sessions were applied over three weeks after running the 800-meter race, followed by conducting some physiological measurements. The findings revealed that recovery using massage combined with oxygen inhalation, followed by cooling with oxygen inhalation, led to improved physiological indicators (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate) and a decrease in the concentration levels of lactic acid, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the blood after running the 800-meter race. Additionally, the combination of massage and cooling with oxygen inhalation resulted in better recovery outcomes compared to active rest or massage and cooling without oxygen inhalation for enhancing recovery in 800-meter runners.

The study boils down to preparing an educational curriculum according to the entertainment learning strategy in learning the skills of sending and receiving volleyball for students, as it is one of the active strategies that help encourage students to invest their learning time on sports skills in the physical education lesson, and its importance is evident in its steps and the reflection of its results on the level of teachers’ performance. In the lesson, which achieves fun and amusement, and exploiting play and entertainment activities to acquire knowledge, bring the principles of learning closer between the teacher and the student, and expand their cognitive horizons. The research sample was selected from the first intermediate grade students of Rashid Al-Hajri School in Maysan Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024, and they number (260). A student. (6 students) were chosen for the exploratory sample and (24 students) were chosen randomly as a sample for the research, with (12) students for each group of the two groups (control and experimental). The researchers used the experimental method with two equal groups, and through the results of the research they concluded that The experimental group outperformed the control group due to the effectiveness of applying the learning-with-entertaining strategy in learning the skills of overhead serve in volleyball for students in the educational units of the experimental group. The researchers recommended the necessity of applying this strategy to this age stage of students, as well as applying it to the rest of the basic skills of playing volleyball and other games.

The practice of the disabled for the effectiveness of throwing the discus as a sport aims to encourage them to improve their fitness and physical efficiency by themselves and through their competition with their colleagues in a self-reliant manner and to adapt them to resist fatigue, which is the first thing that confronts the disabled at the beginning of the training stages that help the disabled to develop new types of various motor forms that help them to prepare their balance and put their bodies after the disability .
When training the disabled to throw the discus, more effort and patience must be exerted by the specialized trainer and in the sport of throwing the discus for the disabled. The disabled may have the possibility of great anxiety and fear when some of them practice this sport, especially the deaf .
, that is, focusing on the requirements of specialized performance in the type of sports event, and the most important conclusions were
1- The training curriculum has a positive impact on improving the achievement of the disc thrower for the research sample.
2- The training curriculum has an impact on the development of the explosive power of the rapid upper extremities of the research sample
3- The training curriculum has an important impact in delaying the stress sample early in order to achieve the achievement in throwing the disk to the research sample

The interest of advanced human societies in providing opportunities for growth and learning for children with simple mental abilities has increased, and educational knowledge methods have developed in their care. This is due to the responsibility of society in providing services to them and the keenness of private institutions to care for them. As for developing countries, interest in this category that needs special care is still weak. The research problem includes providing special care through the use of motor activities, which are necessary for children in general and also necessary for developing neuromuscular coordination that contribute to the readiness for writing in particular, as they help in developing the various muscles of children. These activities can be performed in the yard or in the classroom. The characteristics of the child's motor development and his use of most parts of his body must be taken into account and not focused on one part or one exercise. These motor activities include. Research objectives: Identifying the impact of activities Diverse movement in developing neuromuscular coordination for people with simple mental abilities who are capable of learning. The effect of diverse movement activities and neuromuscular coordination for people with simple mental abilities who are capable of learning on writing achievement. The experimental method was used, and the research sample was selected randomly from students of the Simple Mental Abilities School in Basra, numbering (10) students aged (10-12) years and with an IQ of (55°-70°) degrees, thus the sample percentage is 19% of the total number, and the researchers calculated the moderation of values and homogeneity of the members of the basic sample, and the conclusions were that diverse movement activities had a positive effect on neuromuscular coordination. Motor activities and neuromuscular coordination had a positive effect on writing achievement.

In 2018, artificial intelligence became a reality, not a fantasy. It was the product of human research throughout history for an invention that could simulate the human mind. Artificial intelligence has become a comprehensive term for this simulation more efficiently, defining its ability and capacity to model, solve problems, and achieve scientific abundance of information compared to the human mind. In the same vein, social motivations are linked to the practice of sports activities and the formation of social relationships. The facts confirm that Iraqi society is a conservative society. The 2024 Basra Marathon was a sporting event, and clerics objected to the participation of women, which they considered a violation of religious values and an assault on the morals of society and the true Islamic religion and its teachings. Here, the importance of the research is evident in identifying the most important social, psychological, and religious motivations using artificial intelligence applications (GPT Chatbot) that prevented Iraqi women from participating, and identifying the reasons and motives behind this. The research problem was the lack of a recent research study that used such advanced artificial intelligence applications (GPT Chatbot), the latest currently, to identify the reasons and social motives for preventing women from participating in the Basra Marathon. 2024 AD, and the research aimed to use artificial intelligence applications (Chatbot GPT) to design a questionnaire to identify the social, psychological and religious motives for preventing Iraqi women from participating in the Basra International Marathon 2024 AD. And apply it to the selected research sample. The researcher assumed that artificial intelligence applications have the ability to analyze social and psychological phenomena. The research methodology was descriptive. The research sample was (50) female students from the College of Physical Education. The researcher obtained (14) paragraphs from the application of artificial intelligence and (5) paragraphs, and he judged them and carried out all scientific foundations on them. After the researcher completed all the procedures for constructing the questionnaire, this questionnaire became in its final form ready to be applied to a sample of female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, numbering (50), with (25) female students from the third stage and (25) female students from the fourth stage, which is the application sample. Then, the results of the questionnaire were extracted. Conclusions: The research achieved the most important goal of its goals, which is to design a questionnaire using artificial intelligence applications and to identify the social and religious motives for preventing the participation of Iraqi women in the Basra International Marathon 2024 AD. The paragraphs also matched the research sample's responses in terms of relative importance and AI ranking (81.25%). The researcher recommended the importance of AI applications contributing to scientific studies, but the use of experts and specialists to evaluate paragraphs remains essential.

Physical activity contributes to the well-being of the body\\'s internal systems and helps maintain human health and protect against diseases. Therefore, the use of physical activities that improve physical fitness leads to maintaining a healthy weight among individuals in society. Conversely, a lack of physical activity can lead to the development of modern-day diseases, including diabetes, which is one of the most common diseases in communities. This condition not only affects the health of individuals but also adds a burden to the healthcare budget of the Ministry of Health specifically and the country in general. Therefore, individuals with diabetes need physical activity to expend energy through endurance exercises that involve walking or running on a treadmill. This, in turn, helps in burning energy, which reflects in the reduction of excessive glucose levels in the blood.
The research aims to develop endurance exercises to help individuals with type 2 diabetes alleviate its effects and to demonstrate their impact on metabolic syndrome and certain physical characteristics in the research sample. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the experimental method, applying five sessions per week over the course of three months, involving walking and running on a treadmill. The sample consisted of (10) individuals aged between (45- 50) years.
The researchers concluded the following:
1- Endurance exercises have an effect on the level of the variables of the study.
2- There is a decrease in blood sugar levels between the pre-test and post-test, favoring the post-test results.

In the first chapter, the researcher discussed the introduction, as the strategy of learning until mastery is one of the modern concepts that appeared in the twentieth century, and the rule that was adopted in this strategy was dividing the learned material into small sections (dividing the educational situation) until it is mastered, which is the first step on the path to Learning until mastery. The problem of the research from the researcher’s point of view is that there is a specificity to some skills that differ from others in terms of their multiple sections and difficulty. Many professors deal with the skills alike, ignoring the difficulty and the large number of skill sections. The researcher used the experimental method as for the research sample. It consisted of (50) students from the second stage, and the aim of the research was to identify the differences in the values of tests of accuracy of the technical and skill performance of some basic volleyball skills for students.

The research aims to identify the effect of the circuit training method on the endurance of the speed of skill performance and the level of blood lactate concentration for foil players. The experimental method was used and the research community was represented by the players of the Sports Talent Care Center for foil fencing, numbering (20) talents. The researchers used pre- and post-tests and measurements that are in line with the research requirements. The results of the study indicated the following: The circuit training method had an impact on the development of the endurance of the speed of skill performance and improved the level of blood lactate concentration for foil players effectively among the members of the experimental group. The method adopted by the experimental group achieved greater effectiveness, which was reflected in the physical and physiological aspects of the members of the experimental group compared to the control group.

The aim of the research was to compare some physical and skill variables between the positions of young football players (defense, midfield, attack). The researchers used the descriptive approach using the causal comparison method. The research sample consisted of (15) players from the Al-Muthanna Club junior football players for the 2020-2021 season in Nineveh Governorate, distributed over three positions (defenders, midfield, and attackers), with (5) players for each position. Goalkeepers were excluded from the research sample due to the difference in physical and skill variables required by the goalkeeper position. The arithmetic mean of the ages of the research sample was (14,867) years, with a standard deviation of (±1,187). The researchers used the following tools (content analysis of scientific sources, questionnaire, test and measurement) as means of collecting data. The physical variables (explosive power of leg muscles, transitional speed, agility and motor flexibility) and skill variables (short handling, rolling, scoring and ball control (suppression) were determined. The researchers used (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, one-way analysis of variance and the value of the least significant difference (L.S.D) as statistical means to process the data. The researchers reached the convergence of the level of young football players according to their different positions (defense, midfield, attack) in all physical and skill variables (under investigation).

Those specialized in football training seek to search for modern trends in training to bring about a qualitative change in the level of players and achieve achievements, which prompted them to study many training methods to choose the best and appropriate to their ages and physical and technical capabilities, and since the physical aspect represents one of the components of preparation and sports format. Therefore, many functional and biochemical changes occur in the player’s body systems, commensurate with the nature and style of training, among these methods is differentiated training, which means using strength training in varying forms and in opposite directions, whether within a single exercise group or within the overall training unit. Each of these two trends has its effects on many physical and functional variables to create a type of change in training and move away from traditional training, which generates a type of Positive response from trainees, The problem of the research was identified in the inability of most trainers, when organizing training programs, to determine sufficient time and the appropriate ratio for the training components (physical and functional), which has a negative impact on the level of performance and results, This is the reason that prompted the researchers to research in this direction. The research sample was limited to the players of the Wasit University futsal team because this age level represents the basic rule for clubs and national teams. The researchers also used the experimental method and designed the two equal experimental and control groups to suit the nature of the problem.
The researchers concluded that there is a clear discrepancy between the actual levels (physical and functional) of the players and the requirements of competition, and that the use of this training method achieved positive results through the development of the physical and functional level, which in turn is reflected in the level of performance of the players, The researchers recommended the necessity of research by coaches on the best training programs, methods, methods and means that change the pattern of training and push players to interact with its vocabulary to achieve the best levels and use this type of training with other technical and age levels.

The philosophy of Total Quality Management (TQM) is based on the concept of systems, which views the institution as a whole to bring about desired positive change. This involves addressing every aspect of the institution and developing it as desired to achieve better quality.
Physical education teachers rely primarily on the implementation of TQM to ensure high-quality students capable of achieving development and improvement in sports activities.
Therefore, physical education teachers must possess a variety of competencies that enable them to apply the concept of TQM and benefit decision-makers in educational institutions by training them on how to apply it to their sports duties during their work. They must also be committed to the importance of quality and do their utmost to achieve its goals.
Thus, this research seeks to achieve the following objectives:
1.To identify modern trends in TQM and the requirements for its implementation in educational institutions.
2.To identify the necessary competencies that physical education teachers must possess in accordance with TQM.
The descriptive theoretical approach was used, relying on analyzing the concept of teaching competencies, total quality, and the requirements for their use in physical education. This was done by surveying total quality systems implemented in some Arab and international countries and models of teaching competencies.
In light of the theoretical analysis of the research, the following proposed concepts were developed:
1. Creating a general atmosphere conducive to physical education teachers' acceptance of the culture of total quality and its use in improving their performance.
2.Focusing on the ongoing performance of physical education teachers, including how to apply total quality concepts in schools to properly utilize them.

Sports psychology is considered one of the important sciences associated with the educational process, especially in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, as it is an important science in achieving excellence in this field through the optimal investment of students’ physical, skill, and planning energies. Therefore, those working in their educational programs seek to provide students with psychological skills and master what they have acquired. From the skill and goal of the research to identifying psychological skills and their relationship to the accuracy of the technical performance of the two-stroke skills Sports psychology is considered one of the important sciences associated with the educational process, especially in the faculties of physical education and sports sciences, as it is an important science in achieving excellence in this field through the optimal investment of students’ physical, skill, and planning energies. Therefore, those working in their educational programs seek to provide students with psychological skills and master what they have acquired. From the skill and goal of the research to identifying psychological skills and their relationship to the accuracy of the technical performance of the two-stroke skill

The research aims to develop the athlete’s abilities and reach the highest possible level to achieve the best achievement. This is done by preparing speed manipulation exercises to develop some basic skills for deaf futsal players, and identifying the effect of speed manipulation exercises in developing some basic skills for deaf futsal players. The researchers used the single-sample experimental approach using pre- and post-measurement to suit the nature of the research. Choosing the research sample depends on the nature of the phenomenon to be studied, the available material and technical capabilities, and the materials needed for the research. The research population was defined by the deaf Diyala futsal players, who numbered (16) players. Then, the research sample was chosen intentionally from the original population of (10) players, who represented (62.5%) of the original population. (6) players on whom the exploratory experiments were conducted were excluded. After that, homogeneity was carried out for the individuals of the research sample in terms of (height). , weight, age, and training age) and then conduct the equivalence of the sample using pre-tests.
Through the results that emerged, the researchers reached the following conclusions: The effect of speed manipulation exercises led to a statistically significant development in basic skills between the pre- and post-tests, in favor of the post-test.
In light of the conclusions reached by the researchers: using the effect of speed manipulation exercises in developing the skills of deaf gymnasts and paying attention to providing special devices and tools and applying these exercises to different samples. The statistical package (spss) was used by the researchers for statistical treatments.

The research aimed to identify the effect of the problem-centered learning strategy in learning the skills of serving and receiving the serve in volleyball for fifth-grade primary school students, and then preparing educational units with the problem-centered learning strategy.The researcher used the experimental research method on (40) students from Nafi Bin Hilal Primary School for Boys. They were divided into two experimental and control groups, and the educational program was applied to the experimental group for a period of (6) consecutive weeks, two units per week (12) educational unit, as the results showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in learning the investigated skills. The researcher recommended adopting a problem-centered learning strategy that takes into account individual differences and develops in the learner the search and investigation of information, application of correct performance, and conducting studies to compare it with other strategies and on skills and activities. Other sports.

The research problem focused on: The nature of performance in weightlifting is characterized by speed and strength, which makes the weightlifter need to integrate physical abilities in addition to physiological integration because it requires speed in transmitting neurotransmitters and superior muscle capacity to achieve performance with the necessary speed and strength. Through the researchers' personal experience, they noticed that there is a slowness in the motor performance of the jerking skill, which negatively affects the correct technical performance of the movement and thus the failure of the attempt. Therefore, the researchers wanted to use one of the modern training methods, which is the (HIPT) method, which helps raise the body's ability to its maximum limits, as the researchers believe that these trainings according to this method will contribute to developing the speed of central nerve conduction and maximum strength and achieving the jerking lift for young weightlifters. The research aimed to: Identify the effect of training using the (HIPT) method on the central nerve conduction speed, maximum strength and clean and jerk performance for young weightlifters. The research hypothesis is: Training using the (HIPT) method has an effect on the central nerve conduction speed, maximum strength and clean and jerk performance for young weightlifters. The researchers used the experimental method to solve the research problem, and the research community was determined by the young weightlifters of the Solidarity Sports Club, numbering (6) players, as the researchers chose them all for the experiment. As for the most important conclusions, they were: The training applied using the (HIPT) method led to an increase in the central nerve conduction speed, and the training applied using the (HIPT) method helped develop maximum strength and thus develop the achievement of the research sample. As for the most important recommendations, they were: The researchers recommend paying attention to using training using the (HIPT) method according to scientific training foundations to raise the efficiency of weightlifters during training and competitions.

Because of the number of skills required to obtain a full performance score on gymnastic equipment, there are skills that require strength in the shoulders, back and abdomen. The research aims to: 1 - Design a proposed auxiliary device to develop special physical abilities and perform some basic skills for the parallel bar - - Identify the effect of using the auxiliary device in developing special physical abilities and performing some basic skills for the parallel bar for men. Either the research imposes a positive effect on the proposed auxiliary device in improving special physical abilities and performing some basic skills for the parallel bar for men. The researchers used the experimental method (designing two equal groups appropriate to the nature of the problem to be solved. The research community was determined by (12) players from the specialized school in Baghdad, aged between (9-13) years, which is the junior category, who train in the Samir Khamas Hall in the Ministry of Youth and Sports. The sample settled on (10) players, and the research sample constituted a percentage of (83). The researchers used (2) players for the exploratory experiment, and its percentage reached (16%). The researchers concluded according to the results as follows: - 1- The auxiliary device has a major role in developing physical abilities that contribute to achieving skill performance within its paths and correct performance, even if by a small percentage, it is influential. 2- The device provided the research sample with personal assistance through multiple repetitions on it each time, and it also provided safety and time. The researchers recommended: 1- The necessity of adopting the device in training the skills under study and using it in the training hall to benefit from it. 2- Using the device in other physical, movement, or coordination exercises to develop the performance of other skills.

Preparing exercises according to their purpose and using the method or ethod within the training stage that corresponds to it is one of the reasons for creating immediate and cumulative responses that it seeks.Trainers in order to achieve the goals of the training curriculum and improve the internal environment in terms of chemical, functional and physical hanges, and it is in harmony with the requirements of preparing exercises for people suffering from obesity, which has become one of the problems of the era and for which effort and money are spent by developed countries and support research centers in order to arrive at the most effective curricula, methods and ways to know Causes, prevention and treatment of obesity.This is what prompted the researchers to choose this problem, in which obesity has become a feature of the current era as a result of a lack of interest in sports activity and excessive nutrition, or due to the presence of a hormonal a period of 8 weeks, and the time period specified for performing the experimental variable was between 30 and 50 minutes. The research then included conducting tests and measurements of rest and physical effort in order to achieve the goals adopted by the researchers, which are:
1- Using cardio exercises on people with first-degree obesity.
2- Identifying the differences between pre- and post-exertion measurements in growth hormone, neurotrophic factor protein, blood measurements, some physical characteristics, and mass index.

The research aims to prepare relaxation and yoga exercises to reduce the psychological disorders associated with women affected after childbirth and to know the effect of the guidance program. The researchers assumed the existence of significant statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests in reducing the psychological disorders of women affected after childbirth and in favor of the post-tests of the experimental group.
The researchers used the experimental method with pre- and post-tests. The research community was selected from women affected after childbirth participating in the Fitness Academy Institute, numbering (35) participants who suffered from psychological disorders after childbirth. The research sample consisted of (8) participants. The researchers used the psychological disorders scale from one of the studies. The scale consists of (30) paragraphs. The scientific foundations of the scale were extracted. These relaxation and yoga exercises were chosen after reviewing the literature, previous studies, and the opinion of experts. The proposed guidance program consists of (12) sessions at a rate of two sessions per week for a period of (6)
After completing the application of the program, the post-tests were conducted on the research sample. The SPSS statistical package was used to extract the research results. After presenting, analyzing, and discussing the results, the following conclusions were reached:
1- The effect of the guidance program accompanied by relaxation and yoga exercises in reducing the psychological disorders of women affected after childbirth
2- The research sample achieved significant differences in reducing the psychological disorders of women affected after childbirth in the post-test.

The research problem stems from the rapid changes witnessed in the sports field, and since the student is the starting point for initiating these changes, it is necessary to focus on the variable of psychological integration, which supports and enhances sports work among students. The research has a goal of knowing psychological integration, performing the handstand skill , and knowing the relationship between the two variables. The method used was determined by the phenomenon studied, which is the descriptive method through a survey study and its correlations. The research sample was determined by students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, numbering (50) male and female students, and the researcher used the psychological integration scale (Hadi, 2018). The researcher concluded that there is a correlation between psychological integration and the skill of handstands in gymnastics among the research sample.

The study aims to identify the values of the mechanical variables that are related to the skill of hitting the serve from the top with accuracy for the players of the Nineveh Plain Club volleyball team. The research sample consisted of players of the Nineveh Plain Club team for the youth category. The research sample was chosen intentionally in order to obtain results that serve the goals of Search . The time period was determined for the period from (5/20/2024) to (9/15/2024), and the theoretical studies included analysis of the skill of serving in volleyball. The researcher used the descriptive approach for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the researcher used a group of statistical methods to achieve the goal of the research. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and significance level. As for the problem of the research, it was evident in the clear weakness of most players of the Iraqi volleyball teams in general, and the Nineveh Plain Club in particular, in benefiting from the ideal performance of the serve skill, since this skill is the starting point of the attack in this game.

The research aims to: build a scale for the reality of anticipating challenges in the Iraqi Olympic sports federations from the point of view of their members, apply a scale for anticipating challenges in the Iraqi Olympic sports federations from the point of view of their members, and identify the reality of anticipating challenges in the Iraqi Olympic sports federations from the point of view of their members. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method to suit the nature of the research. The research community included members of the administrative bodies of the Olympic sports federations in Iraq, numbering (26) Olympic federations, as the number of members of these bodies reached (211) members, and the research sample included the research community itself, i.e. at a rate of (100%). A number of (33) phrases were formulated and presented to a group of experts, and (3) phrases were removed from them because they did not obtain a rate of (75%) or higher from the experts' answers. After applying the scientific foundations, the scale became composed of (27) phrases after removing (3) phrases as a result of the scientific foundations. Then, the final form of the scale was applied to the research sample. The results were presented and discussed to achieve the research objectives. The researcher concluded that the scale of the reality of anticipating challenges in the Iraqi Olympic sports federations, consisting of 27 statements, and there is a future vision in the Iraqi Olympic sports federations, but it needs great support. The Iraqi Olympic sports federations suffer from major financial crises. The researchers recommended applying the scale of the reality of anticipating challenges to the administrative bodies of Iraqi sports clubs.

This study analyzes the reality of competitive sports activities from the perspective of those working in the Sports and School Activities Department of the General Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar. It emphasizes the importance of these activities in enhancing the physical, social, and psychological aspects of students. Sports activities are considered an essential part of the educational process; however, a significant decline in participation levels has been observed, necessitating an investigation into the factors influencing their effective implementation.The study adopts a descriptive approach, relying on data collection through surveys and interviews with personnel in the Sports Activities Department. The research objectives include evaluating the reality of sports activities and their effectiveness from the perspective of the staff, exploring the financial, human, and administrative factors affecting the success of these activities, and identifying the challenges and obstacles faced in their implementation. The results indicate a significant gap between the level of participation in sports activities in Iraq compared to other countries, highlighting the need to improve sports infrastructure and provide the necessary support from relevant authorities. The findings also reveal that financial and administrative factors are among the most significant obstacles negatively impacting the effectiveness of these activities. Based on these results, the study presents a set of practical recommendations, including improving training and developing the skills of personnel involved in sports activities, and enhancing collaboration between educational institutions and government entities to support sports activities. These recommendations aim to increase student participation levels and develop their athletic abilities, contributing to achieving the desired educational and developmental goals.

The research aims to design a training device, as well as design special exercises on the designed training device and know the effect of these exercises on some biomechanical variables and the technical performance of the Moy skill on the parallel device. The researchers assumed the presence of a positive effect of the special exercises on the designed training device between the results of the pre- and post-tests in Some biomechanical variables and technical performance of the Moy skill, The researchers used the experimental method and designed one experimental group with two pre- and post-tests. The research sample was represented by the players of the national team in artistic gymnastics for men (advanced category), who numbered (5) players, aged between (17-19) years, For the training season (2023-2024), special exercises were applied to the training equipment designed as two training units per week for the days (Sunday and Wednesday), with a total of (10) training units distributed over (5) weeks., The main experiment was carried out on Wednesday, corresponding to (15/11/2023), at exactly four o’clock in the afternoon, in the closed indoor hall for the players of the national team in artistic gymnastics, until Sunday, corresponding to (17/12/2023)., and after completing the experiment and obtaining the results, the researchers reached The use of special exercises on the designed training device had a positive impact on the development of some biomechanical variables and the technical performance of the Moy skill.

This research aims to study the obstacles hindering the digital transformation process in the Sports and School Activities Department of the Thi Qar Education Directorate. Data was collected from a sample of (88) responses using a questionnaire that measures four main areas: technical, financial, administrative, and human obstacles. The results showed that technical obstacles were the most significant, with a frequency of (129) and a percentage of (80.62%), indicating a lack of necessary devices and technologies. Financial obstacles followed with a frequency of (116) and a percentage of (72.5%), reflecting the need to increase the budget allocated for technology. Administrative obstacles ranked third, with a frequency of (98) and a percentage of (61.25%), indicating shortcomings in planning and organization. Conversely, human obstacles had the least impact, with a frequency of (82) and a percentage of (51.25%), suggesting a deficiency in the digital skills of employees. Based on these findings, the study recommends improving technological infrastructure, increasing financial investments, and developing training programs to enhance the efficiency of digital transformation in educational and sports institutions.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an aquatic rehabilitation program in enhancing muscular strength and flexibility of the ankle joint after a sprain injury among young basketball players. The experimental approach was used on a sample of injured players (10 players from Iraqi Premier League clubs) who underwent an aquatic rehabilitation program for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week.
The results showed a significant improvement in the muscular strength and flexibility of the injured joint after the application of the program, indicating the effectiveness of aquatic rehabilitation in accelerating the healing process and restoring physical performance compared to traditional methods. Aquatic therapy provides a safe environment that supports therapeutic exercises without excessive pressure on the injured joint, making it a suitable and effective option for athletes. The study recommends adopting aquatic rehabilitation as part of standard therapeutic protocols for ankle sprain injuries.

The research works with distorted ideas as negative distribution forces and ignores drivers, first of all, it distorts all the individual's experiences in a negative direction and reaches known conclusions because it is based on distorted premises, hence determining the idea and importance of this study, which is on the most important recreational distortions among physical education teachers in Maysan Governorate (center) by constructing and standardizing the scale of recreational distortions to be a means of art levels and their impact after that, and the investors used the descriptive survey method in addition to the levels and elastic levels to suit the nature of the problem, and the research community was clearly defined intentionally and the two creative researchers chose the research clearly intentionally as well, as the study community consisted of physical education teachers in the Maysan Governorate Specialized Center 2023/2024 .As their total number reached (310) teachers, the construction and standardization were improved to measure from (200) teachers, which represented a percentage of (64.51%) of the original, and the researchers used measurement tools which are (questionnaire forms to survey the opinions of experts, forms to empty the community data (scale results), and the researchers executed the construction and standardization of a scale for physical education according to the construction and standardization steps to obtain the scale in a final form, and then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed through the SPSS classes and the researchers reached the results of light to a group of the most important of which are, there are differences with moral significance in favor of the arithmetic means for the dimensions of technical distortions for physical education.

Accuracy and efficiency of its execution. However, it has been observed that the uppercut is used less frequently in matches compared to other punches, highlighting the need for a detailed study of this skill to understand the influence of various factors on its performance. The aim of this research is to analyze some biomechanical variables of the uppercut to the ribs, through a study involving a sample of national team boxers weighing 70 kg. The researchers used a descriptive survey method, collecting data through observation, tests, and personal interviews with experts in the field.The results demonstrated the importance of biomechanical variables in improving the performance of the uppercut. The analyses revealed that the elbow angle during preparation plays a significant role in reducing the radius and increasing the angular velocity of the arm. Additionally, the shoulder angle contributes to extending the punching arm, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the punch. Furthermore, the execution time of the uppercut was shorter compared to other punches, indicating its high efficiency.

The study sought to identify quantitative metrics for physical and skill assessments of elite handball club players, aiming to discern variations through measurements and follow-up evaluations of the critical physical and skill requirements during the transitional period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Additionally, it aimed to develop a model for assessing the training profile during this transitional phase. The researchers employed a descriptive approach utilizing survey methods and correlational analysis, deemed appropriate for the nature of the problem and the research objectives. The research cohort and sample possessed the researchers systematically identified the research community, comprising players from elite handball clubs in the Republic of Iraq for the 2024 sports season. The research community included 13 clubs with a total of 208 players, representing 100%, all of whom are registered with the Iraqi Central Handball Federation. The researchers concluded that the established physical and skill requirements, along with the tests, may effectively evaluate players in the field using direct measurement methods, enabling the design of a model for the profile of ball players. The applicants exhibited variability in acquiring raw grades through the administration of tests assessing physical and skill requirements. Notable discrepancies emerged between the testing intervals during the transitional phase (7, 14, and 21 days), with the optimal performance occurring after the initial 7-day period, succeeded by the 14-day interval, and lastly the 21-day period.

The aim of the research was to study the effect of a learning guidance program on developing self-improvement and athletic performance and reducing mental wandering among volleyball students. The importance of the study stems from the need to develop educational and guidance methods that contribute to improving students\\' athletic performance and directing them towards mental focus and reducing mental wandering, which may negatively affect their performance. A guidance program consisting of several educational sessions was prepared that aim to enhance self-improvement, improve students\\' athletic skills, and reduce the phenomenon of mental wandering, which leads to poor concentration during matches and instructions. The objectives of the research include measuring the effectiveness of the guidance program in improving students\\' self-improvement, evaluating the program\\'s impact on improving athletic performance in volleyball, and determining the extent of the program\\'s impact on the total levels of mental wandering during education and matches. The experimental method was used with the design of two equivalent groups with a pre- and post-test except for the research community, students of the second stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Babylon for the academic year 2023 2024. The research sample represented students of Section (B) of the second stage, numbering (40) students. The sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control by lottery, so that the number of members of the experimental group was (20) students and the control group (20) students. The experimental group used the program prepared by the researchers, while the control group was applied to the curriculum followed by the professor of the subject. The program lasted for (16) sessions, with (2) educational guidance sessions, with (2) sessions per week. The main section spent (75) minutes, while the educational sessions lasted (90) minutes. After completing the program, the experimental tests were conducted, statistical treatments were used, and then the results were presented, analyzed and discussed. The researchers came out with a set of conclusions, including the results showing a noticeable improvement in the level of self-improvement among the students participating in the program, and an increase in the levels of athletic performance from Where physical and technical ability. The salvation was also evident in the levels of mental transformation, which led to improving their focus during education and matches. The researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the educational guidance program as part of the sports education of students, and conducting future studies on the impact of guidance programs on other sports, as well as providing continuous psychological support for athletes to enhance focus and mental transformation concluded

The research problem, as the researchers observed from their follow-up the players under-15-year-old in school of futsal gifted players, was that they had slow processing of mental operations, particularly attention control. This is a fundamental aspect of success for gifted futsal players. This slowness in making optimal decisions related to mental processes arises when playing conditions become challenging, such as limited playing areas. This variable primarly causes errors, significantly affecting futsal players. As the playing area decreases, the players experience increasing difficulty in performing the required motor tasks. so the researchers designed exercises involving different playing areas, strategically targeting multiple areas of a futsal court. Through these exercises, gifted young players were trained with to enhance their speed of mental processing, including attentional control, and make better decisions to benefit their team. Ultimately, this approach aims to achieve optimal results. The researchers employed an experimental method using two equivalent groups, which was deemed suitable for addressing the research problem. The research community consisted of players in a specialized school for gifted futsal players in Babil Governorate, under 15 age (N= 40). After excluding participants from the exploratory experiment, the research sample was (N=30) , randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control group, each with 15 players. After the implementation of research procedures, the analysis and discussion of the results confirmed the research objective and hypothesis. The exercises involved varying playing areas which effectively improved the attention control of gifted 15 years futsal players.

The process of sports training is to contribute to the individual's access to high levels and requires an integrated preparation for all aspects. Most developed countries have sought to race to reach the best and latest methods and methods that give them positive connotations to develop the training process and come up with modern technical methods for the purpose of reaching advanced levels in the championship based on the foundations and theories of sports training science, as its use is not limited to participation in competitions It is only used in the field of movement in general and in the stages of acquiring motor skills in particular. It plays an important role in the learning process in order to bring the player to the highest possible level in the type of sports activity practiced, as it includes Sakio exercises, movement, sequence of skills, attitudes, goals and all dimensions of the educational process or competition. Achieving this goal is linked to the development of the various abilities, skills, qualities and knowledge of the athlete in a way that contributes to increasing his ability to achieve success at high sports levels. Success in performing motor activity is linked to satisfaction and pleasure, which are two of the motivators to pay attention to the motor activity of the force characterized by speed. An important role in mastering the skill of jumping on horse and that Sakio exercises " is a complementary training system It aims to simulate competitive playing situations by dividing the speed into three main components: linear speed, direction change speed, and interactive kinetic speed.

The process of sports
The research aims at revealing the following :
Both (mastering and mutual ) learning styles and their effect on Psychological fluency.
Both (mastering and mutual ) learning styles and their effect on learning technical performance and achievement level in the pass skill for futsal female players.
The better style of those styles in learning the pass skill for futsal female players.
The researchers have adopted the experimental methodology for its convenience to the nature of the research . The research sample has included (24) 1st-stage female students / college of physical education and college of education (for girls)-Dept. of physical education divided into two equivalent groups (12 female students for each group ).The equivalence in variables (height, weight and age) and some mental capabilities ( intensity of attention , attention concentration and intelligence) have been verified in addition to a number of physical fitness elements , the pass skill and psychological fluency .
The first experimental group, represented by the physical education female students , has used “ the mastering learning style, while the second experimental group , represented by the physical education female students , has used “the mutual style “. The learning approach has lasted (31) days as three educational units for each group .Each educational unit has lasted (90) minutes .So, the approaches fulfillment has started on 28/2/2012 to 8/3/2012 .
The researchers have used the following statistical means ( arithmetic mean, standard deviation, T-Test, rate of change, percentage of development , learning amount, and simple correlation coefficient ).In addition, SPSS has been used.
The researchers have concluded the following :
Both styles have an effect on changing Psychological fluency between the both of the research groups.
The mastering learning style is better than the mutual style in changing the Psychological fluency between both of the research groups.
The mastering learning style is better than the mutual style in learning technical performance and achievement accuracy in the the pass skill for futsal female students.

The basic reason to choose this topic, some of lecture or teacher doesn't use different position in order to learn the student and don’t use supplements tools so the researchers have done set of excersice to learn the referee how to take good position
The research aims to :To know the effect of the different position with supplementary tools in -To know the effect of the different position with supplementary tools in learning the mechanism of refereeing in basketball for the students.The researcher's hypothesesThere is a moral effect for the different position with supplementary tools in developing some of place perceptions in basketball for the students .There is a moral effect for the different position with supplementary tools in learning the mechanism of refereeing for the students in basketball .The experimental method had been used to design( equal groups ) to solve the problem of that research through 20 students sample representing the students of th college of physical education & sports science in 2021 -2022 and they were divided into two groups ( sample group ) and ( other groups ) .Each group contains (10) student ;through the used tests, ( some of special perceptions , and the mechanism of refereeing in basketball ) , the pre –tests have been done then the different position have been. After that , a previous tests have been done to get the data from both pre and previous tests which the researcher had already treated statistically and getting the results .The researcher displays and analysis the results through the designed tables for that and discussed them according to the goals and problems of the research .The most important results reached by the researcher are:The different position which are supported by supplementary tools made its efforts in developing special perceptions ( place ) in basketball .The different position which are supported by supplementary tools confirmed its effectiveness in learning the mechanism of refereeing for the students in basketballThrough the results reached by the researcher , there are also some of the recommendations which are listed as follows It is necessary to use different position which are supported by supplementary tools in developing the special perceptions in basketball .
Emphasis on the use of the designed device by the researcher to develop the special perceptions and learn the mechanism of refereeing in basketball in the educational unites as well as the refereeing course

Hence the importance of the research in clarifying the role of central and eccentric muscle strength exercises in raising the level of muscle strength types necessary for the skill performance of young handball players, as providing the game's requirements from a physical standpoint and developing them helps achieve the required achievements in performance. The research problem was: Building muscle strength towards the central and eccentric helps to give additional strength to skill performance and according to the type of skill, and therefore choosing exercises according to this goal enhances the player's strength in performance. One of the most important objectives of the research: Identifying the effect of central and eccentric dynamic muscle strength exercises in developing some types of muscle strength and skill performance of young handball players. The researcher used the experimental method with two equal groups, control and experimental, and the sample was young handball players. After conducting tests and applying exercises, the most important conclusions were reached: Central and eccentric muscular strength exercises achieved the principles and objectives of sports training science in developing some types of muscular strength and skill performance for young handball players. It was recommended: Adopting central and eccentric muscular strength exercises as they achieved the principles and objectives of sports training science in developing some types of muscular strength and skill performance for young handball players.

Achievement in boxing depends largely on the boxer’s physical and physiological abilities and potential, in addition to the motor and skill aspects that form the basis on which the boxer’s complex skill performance is based during the rounds of the fight. It is not possible to start building any training curriculum without taking into account the individual differences between boxers and what may be the effects related to the difference in the biological rhythm between boxers, as the research problem was to answer the following question (What is the effectiveness of a proposed training curriculum with different intensities according to the physical biological rhythm in some biochemical organizations and the ability to withstand the complex offensive skill performance of junior boxers?). As for the most important objectives of the research, it was to identify the effectiveness of the proposed multi-intensity curriculum in developing biochemical organizations and blood acidity in addition to the ability to withstand the complex attack among junior boxers. The researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests in favor of the experimental group. As for the research methodology, the experimental curriculum was in the style of the two equivalent experimental and control groups, as the research community was the same as the research sample, i.e. the comprehensive inventory method was used, and they were 10 boxers in the Hilla Club, and they were divided into 5 boxers in each group, distributed randomly, and they were homogenized. After conducting the exploratory experiment and verifying the scientific transactions, the main experiment was conducted and the equivalence was extracted in the post-tests, then the training curriculum based on The biorhythm and then conducting the post-tests and then presenting and analyzing the results to reach the conclusions, the most important of which was that increasing the intensity of the boxer at the peak of the biorhythm has a positive impact on developing the biochemical organizations. As for the most important recommendations, they were to rely on classifying individual capabilities in training and focusing on the physical biorhythm of each boxer.

Almost all sports activities share general characteristics as they require rapid movements, whether for the upper limb or the lower limb or both together. There is no doubt that dynamic flexibility exercises play a major role in improving athletic performance through research conducted in this field. Dynamic flexibility is one of the components of basic physical elements training that no sports activity is devoid of, but the degree of need for it varies from one activity to another according to the skill requirements of each activity. The lack of sufficient knowledge about the nature of these exercises is a problem that deserves study and the extent of their benefit in developing performance within the technical stages of the triple jump event. This may be attributed to the lack of scientific sources and studies that have examined and scrutinized them, which resulted in how to include these complementary exercises within their training programs with intensities and loads that are consistent with the intensities and loads of the general training program for the triple jump event. The study aims to identify the effect of dynamic flexibility exercises on some specific physical variables for the purpose of developing performance for the hoop stage within the technical stages of the triple jump event and thus improving performance. The researchers used the experimental method and applied it to a sample representing the players of the Basra Governorate team for track and field in the triple jump event for juniors aged (16-17) years, numbering (20) players, thus representing 100% of the original research community. The most important recommendations were to take into account rest periods in a manner that suits the physical effort, whether between repetitions or groups within training, in addition to using dynamic flexibility exercises to develop parts of the technical stages of the rest of the athletics events, as they are considered the pillar of performance for each event, in a varied and exciting way during the main section of the training units.

The researcher conducted a study on one of the psychological variables due to the lack of studies in this area, as determined by the researcher. The researcher also confirmed this through communication with several specialists in educational and psychological sciences and professors of sports psychology at Arab and Iraqi universities, as well as by browsing websites on the internet. The aim of the research is to build a psychological awareness scale. The researcher used the descriptive method with a survey approach on a sample of (32) players, with (6) players in the exploratory study and (26) players in the main study. A total of (8) variables were identified, which are: (self-confidence, attention concentration, control and mastery, skill and challenge, positive thinking, optimism, mental toughness, and emotional arousal). After presenting these variables to a group of experts (13 experts), (6) variables were retained after excluding two variables (control and mastery, optimism), as their percentages were below 80% compared to the other variables. (8) items were set for each dimension and presented to the experts, after which (39) items were finalized, excluding (9) items as their percentages were less than 80%. The researcher concluded that the psychological awareness scale could be used, and there is a consistency relationship between the items and the dimension they belong to. The researcher recommends using the scale to measure and identify psychological awareness among football players in the Iraqi Premier League. The researcher also recommends its application to other sports.