University of Anbar Sport and Physical Education Science Journal

The study aims to identify the effect of comparative feedback supported by video and to compare its effect to verbal and visual feedback and to identify their preference when teaching the movement of the front hand jump, open and close, on the gymnastics jumping table and learning it artistically. The research used the experimental method by designing groups that were unequal in number with pre- and post-tests, and represented The research sample is second-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Anbar University. A form was prepared to evaluate the performance of the front hand jump movement, open and close, on the jumping table in artistic gymnastics, in consultation with a number of experts and specialists in the sport of artistic gymnastics to obtain its scientific foundations. The form was used to obtain measurement data. The pre-test was conducted to extract equivalence data between the two groups in the main research variables. After that, the main experiment was applied over a period of six weeks, with one educational unit per week and a time of 90 minutes. Both groups were similar in the components and procedures of the lesson, with the exception of a difference in the type of feedback and the method of presenting it to the learners, and after completion Post-tests were conducted with the same form and the most appropriate statistical methods were used. The research concluded that video-supported feedback gave learners the ability to discover where the error occurred by identifying the type of error and the part affected by the performance, and it helped them correct the incorrect performance.

The importance of research was highlighted in highlighting the special exercises mixed with dance tools and identifying the impact of these games in developing functional talents, which is reflected in raising the creativity and mobility of the swimmer to raise the achievement and training level of the swimmer in completing the 50-meter freestyle event. The research aims to develop exercises that accompany the successful tools for swimmers. The 50m freestyle event is the freedom of knowledge. These swimsuits are playing games that have tools in developing some functional functions and achieving the effectiveness of the 50m freestyle bikini. You were shining in the search for 10 swimmers: 5 swimmers from Al-Nasr Club as the experimental group and 5 swimmers from Al-Ramade Club as the control group. The researcher assumed that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental research group in some functional abilities and in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the experimental method and designed the control and experimental groups, with pre- and post-tests, in order to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. After studying the problem and analyzing it, the researcher By developing special exercises mixed with tools that target the research variables, which are the main axis around which the research topic revolves. The researcher concluded that the use of special exercises using devices and tools had a direct impact on developing some functional abilities and achieving the effectiveness of the 50-meter freestyle swimming event. The researcher also concluded that the exercises used saved a lot of effort and time for the coach and the players. In light of this, the researcher recommends the necessity of adopting special exercises in developing functional abilities and developing swimming achievement. He also recommends the necessity of involving the physiological aspect in all sports to reach the highest levels of development through... Knowing if there is a defect or deficiency in the functional components that may lead to a slowdown in the development process and thus not achieving physical, motor, or skill development. The researcher also recommends the necessity of emphasizing the trainers’ adoption of modern and advanced technologies and the use of innovative devices and tools to pay attention to the aspects affecting performance.

The importance of the participation is evident from documenting the information and historical facts that take place in the Erbil Sports Club’s participation in the Iraqi Premier League, including events and changes, as most of the documents and delving into the secrets of history include the results and names of players and scorers, the results of each season, and the accompanying fluctuations and football events that reflect their echo on the course of this club. As the history of Erbil Club in the Iraqi Premier League in football did not receive the wide attention of studies and publications that the rest of the fields received, and perhaps a few of the sources that look into the reference for Erbil Club’s contributions are delving into its details by researchers and those familiar with football affairs before, because you write a chronicle of an important era. From the ancient history of football, which is rich and rich in its giving and achievements over the past years, therefore, it was necessary for the current future generations to learn about the events, specifically the participation of the Erbil Club in the Iraqi Football Premier League, and the many events and turning points throughout the period of the formation and establishment of the club, as the researcher touched on football developments. Iraq, past and present, and a historical overview of the founding of the Iraqi Federation, the beginning of the formation of the Iraqi League, past and present, the participation and establishment of clubs, the seasons in which the Erbil Club participated and held the title, documenting the champions of the seasons, documenting the winning positions and their results, and what is going on in the participation of the Erbil Sports Club in the Iraqi Premier League in football, and the most important results of the seasons that it held. It won the League Shield from 2006 to 2011.

The research aims to design exercises to learn some basic football skills for deaf-mutes aged (10-12) years in football, as well as the effect of the curriculum designed by the researcher in learning some basic football skills for deaf-mutes aged (10-12) years. The researchers assume that the proposed educational curriculum A positive impact on learning some basic football skills for deaf-mutes aged (10-12) years, as the researcher used the experimental method to suit the research problem and designed a single experimental group with pre- and post-tests, The research community was identified intentionally by the students of the Al-Amal Institute for the Deaf and Mute, located in Ramadi, the center of Anbar Governorate, who numbered (13) students aged between (10-12) years, for the academic year (2022-2023), where the researchers prepared special skill exercises. They took into account matters related to growth and motor development for this stage, as well as the time allocated for the lesson according to its divisions, The proposed educational curriculum was implemented on Sunday, February 5, 2023. The curriculum included 20 educational units that lasted for (10) weeks, with two educational units per week on Sunday and Tuesday, with a time of (45) minutes for each educational unit, and after completing Experimenting, obtaining and processing the results, the researchers concluded that the vocabulary of the proposed educational curriculum prepared by the researchers had a positive impact on learning some basic skills in football. There is also a great desire and acceptance from the research sample in applying the vocabulary of the proposed educational curriculum.

The importance of the study lies in designing special exercises according to the rules of the game, which may not require expensive tools and large spaces, and may be performed individually or collectively to develop speed, strength, and some mechanical variables of the upward punch according to the motor model of skill for advanced Anbar Governorate boxers, which can raise the physical level of the players. In terms of skill and mechanics of performance, the upward punch will be faster, stronger, and mechanical. The problem of the research lies in the presence of some weakness in the speed, strength, and some mechanical variables of the upward punch, and this leads to its weak effectiveness. Which led the researcher to study this problem and develop appropriate solutions to it to reach optimal skill performance by using special exercises that target the players’ abilities and potentials and are influential in developing the speed and strength of the upward punch, as well as in the form of their skill performance, which affects the mechanics of the movement and its effectiveness. One of the objectives of the research is to design exercises. Especially to develop strength, speed, and some mechanical variables of the upward punch of advanced Anbar Governorate boxers, as well as knowing the extent of the effect of these special exercises in developing strength, speed, and some mechanical variables of the upward punch of advanced Anbar Governorate boxers.

The importance of studying is evident by using various exercises that go beyond the learning that the player has achieved by learning the skills of the game, and this is done by using appropriate aids, as the players reach.To a certain level in learning skills, performance may be accompanied by some errors during play and the player’s inability to control the variables that appear in motor performance (in terms of time, field, and force), which represent the superficial structure of the motor program, and on the basis of that, the objectives of the study came as follows. It is to recognize the effect of exercises on learning with methods that help in developing some motor accuracyHandball skills for juniors, as well as identifying the advantage of exercises over learning with aids over the exercises followed by the control group in developing motor accuracy of some handball skills for juniors. The experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research and the experimental design was adopted for the control and experimental groups (the design with tight control). As for the sample, it was represented by the players of the Specialized Handball School in Diyala. The researchers conducted the pre-tests and then carried out the exercises and then conducted the post-tests. The results showed the superiority of the experimental group over the The officer and this It goes back to exercises above learning with aids.

The research aimed to know the contribution rate of some kinematic variables to the accuracy and speed of the shooting skill from the corner area in handball. The researchers used the descriptive approach to suit it and the nature of the research problem, as the research sample reached (16) players active in the Premier League clubs, namely (Al-Taawoun Club and Al-Taawoun Club). Phosphate Club, Al-Wahda Club, and Al-Mustaqbal Club). In order to implement the research steps, the researchers determined the skills test and some modifications were made to it to suit the nature and problem of the research. Then it was presented to a group of experts and specialists in handball, in order to know and find the values of the research variables in the skill of shooting from the corner area. In handball and its study, the researchers used video photography to extract the values of the kinematic variables because it is the precise analytical method through which the chosen skill is analyzed quickly. The researchers conducted this process on Monday, 1/22/2024, at exactly three o’clock in the afternoon in the Captain Ahmed Hall. Radhi at the University College of Knowledge / Anbar Governorate, where three video recording devices were used, the first type (CASIO) with a frequency of (250 images/second), the second type (SONY) with a frequency of (250 images/second), and the third using the iPhone 15 Pro Max. Each of these devices was placed on a tripod inside the sports hall. In addition, an Air 2s drone and a Canon camera were used for photography and video documentation of the researchers’ work with the sample in all variables (kinematic, physical, and physical) during application. Field and exploratory experiments, and using the (Kenove) program, data and values of the required variables were extracted by experts and specialists in biomechanics and sports kinetic analysis. After presenting, analyzing and discussing the results, the researchers concluded that some kinematic variables contribute positively to the accuracy and speed of the shooting skill from the corner area. In handball.

The research aimed to reveal the significance of the statistical differences in some aspects of muscular strength and the performance of some Romanian wrestling holds for the experimental group, and the significance of the statistical differences in some aspects of muscular strength and the performance of some Romanian wrestling holds between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The experimental method was used to suit the nature of the research, and the study was chosen. The research sample was conducted intentionally, and they were wrestlers from the training center of the Adhamiya Club of the Cubs. They numbered (14) wrestlers. (2) wrestlers were excluded to conduct the exploratory experiment on them. Thus, the number of members of the sample became (12) wrestlers. They were divided into two equal groups by lottery. One group was determined. A control group and an experimental group, with (6) wrestlers for each group. The research also included the design of physical exercises for explosive strength and strength characterized by speed using the repetitive training method. The researcher conducted pre-tests and then applied the exercises used and conducted post-tests. The mean, deviation, and (T) for linked and unrelated samples, the simple correlation coefficient, and the skewness coefficient were used as statistical means. The researcher arrived at Physical exercise achieved positive progress in all variables under study for the experimental group.

Futsal is a team sport that requires cooperation between all team members, whether physical or psychological during performance, to reach a successful achievement. At the same time, the psychological characteristics of the student affect her psychological and physical capabilities and learning skills. Hence the importance of the research in knowing the effect of the cognitive-behavioral counseling program in improving the psychological characteristics and skill performance of futsal among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The research aims to identify the psychological characteristics and skill performance of futsal among the research sample and to identify the effect of the cognitive-behavioral counseling program in Improving the psychological characteristics and skill performance of futsal for the research sample. The research method is the experimental method. The preparation of the standards was applied to the research population of 76 female students from the universities of Anbar and Baghdad, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences., while the research sample was selected from female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls/University of Baghdad who possess negative psychological characteristics, after the scale prepared by the researcher was distributed, after which she subjected it to Transactions and scientific foundations. The researcher conducted pre-tests on the control and experimental groups on a sample of (24) female students. They were divided into each group: 12 experimental students and a control group. The cognitive-behavioral counseling program was applied to the experimental group for two months, from Thursday, December 7, 2023, to Wednesday, December 7. /2/2024Then the post-tests, under the same conditions as the pre-tests, concluded the effect of the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral program in extinguishing the negative traits and enhancing the positive ones for the members of the research sample. There is a clear improvement through the results of the post-test for the psychological and behavioral aspects of the female students of the research sample.

Realistic training is the method in which the ideas and principles of the playing model are communicated in training in order to be translated into matches in a realistic. speed and accuracy of the basic complex skills at the same time . The research sample was determined from youth football players aged (17-19) years and represented the players of the Hit Sports Club for Youth Football in Anbar Governorate, which is one of the clubs of the Second Division League for the season (2023-2024), numbering (12) players. The application of realistic training exercises helps in developing the speed and accuracy of receiving with rotation and then among young football players aged (17-19) years.

The research aimed to identify the physical determinants for Selection of Female Beginner
Footballers in Republic of Yemen, and to build a battery for physical qualities, the researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method for its suitability to the nature and procedures of this research, and used questionnaires and tests, the research community of students of the basic stage of the age group (10-12) years for the academic year 2023/2024 AD (5000) schoolgirls, and the research sample included (500) beginners who were selected in a deliberate way, (20) beginner was applied to them exploratory experiment and (480) applied to them the basic experience of the research, the results of the research have reached the saturation of four factors for physical characteristics are (speed factor, endurance factor, neuromuscular compatibility factor, agility factor), included (12) physical test for (5) physical qualities, the researchers extracted from them (5) tests by a test for each grade reached the highest value of saturation, Through it, the selection of female beginner footballers in Republic of Yemen is possible. The researchers recommended the inclusion of physical qualities in the selection and training process because of their positive impact on football.

The research aims to prepare rehabilitation exercises with the assistance tools to evaluate the side deviation of the spine to the left side of a sample of female students with ages (10-12) years in the Abu Disher-Carkh /second area. Learn about the effect of rehabilitation exercises accompanied by auxiliary tools to evaluate the side deviation of the left at a sample of female students with ages (10-12) years, and the researchers assumed the experimental approach to applying the proposed rehabilitation exercises accompanied by auxiliary tools. The researchers chose the one -group experimental approach with two tribal and post tests for its compliance with the nature of the problem and obtaining the most accurate and true results, and the number of the injured was (10) female students, while the number of total rehabilitation units was (36) units for a period of (12) weeks at (3) rehabilitation units in The week for days (Sunday, Tuesday, Thursday), the researchers used (23) distributed and repeated exercises on the rehabilitation units mentioned in the supplement (1) and after using the SPSS statistical system. The researchers concluded that the rehabilitation exercises accompanied by tools to help a positive effect in evaluating the side deviation of the left of the spine. The rehabilitation exercises accompanied by a positive effect tools in improving the muscle strength of the spine muscles.
The researchers recommended the use of rehabilitation exercises accompanied by auxiliary tools to avoid side deviation in the spine in schools in order to reduce the prevalence of strong deviations, especially the deviation in the spine (scoliosis).

The research aims to prepare kinetic exercises accompanied by a diet in middle schools, and to identify the effect of motor exercises with a diet in lowering weight for middle school students.
The researchers used the experimental curriculum to suit the nature of the research by designing the experimental group with two tribal and post-testing, and the research community represented the middle school students in Baghdad Al-Karkh /2, the Latifiyah Department and Omar from (13-15) years. Their number is (17) students between the ages of (13-15) years, who are obese according to obesity indicators. If the body weight exceeds 20% from their normal weight, the individual becomes a debt, taking into account some factors, including (length, weight, gender and age), one experimental group is designed Their number is (15) students, and (2) students were excluded due to their chronic diseases.
The researchers concluded that the motor exercises accompanied by the diet have a positive impact on developing the folds of the skin folds, lowering weight and body mass index in middle school students. And that the guidance and guidance for students contributed directly to the students ’response to training seriously, it contributed to reducing their weight.
The researchers recommended the necessity of applying motor exercises accompanied by the diet because it has a positive effect, a decrease in the percentage of fat in the folds of the skin folds, weight reduction and body mass index in middle school students. Attention to class and custodian activities and activating their role, and preparing squares and capabilities, by the Iraqi Ministry of Education, and school administrations.

The importance of research is evident in raising the level of skill performance on the balance beam by using appropriate education, which is active education, which has proven its success in many individual and team sports. It achieved a correct and successful educational level, and it was its turn to try it in the gymnastics game for female students.
The problem of the research lies in: Each educational method has its own educational objectives that help to learn the skills assigned to it. This is why we find the active learning method to be one of the methods that helps in teaching difficult skills that require coherence in movements and raising the level of thinking of the learner in implementing those movements. Therefore, difficult movements are The balance beam in artistic gymnastics for female students requires such instruction to learn these movements.
The researcher used the experimental method to achieve the objectives of the research and address its problem. The research sample included female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra, third stage.
The aim of the research was: to identify the effect of the method used in learning some skills on the balance beam in artistic gymnastics for female students.
It was concluded: - The active learning method is of great importance in raising the level of learning some skills on the balance beam device.
It was recommended: - Adopting the active learning method because of its great importance in raising the level of learning some skills on the balance beam device.

The research aims to identify administrative stability and its relationship to achieve institutional excellence in Iraqi sports clubs through (determining the dimensions of administrative stability, determining the dimensions of administrative excellence). The researcher used the descriptive approach, due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The researcher selected a random sample of (85) individuals from the employees of the clubs (Amanat Baghdad Club / Al-Karkh / Al-Kahrabaa / Al-Hudood / Al-Naft / Al-Shorta). The researcher relied on the questionnaire form as a basic tool for collecting data. The most important results were (ambition to reach the highest levels in the workplace, feeling fear when any employee is dismissed arbitrarily, the club adopts methods and means of continuous development and improvement, there are flexible job policies that depend on efficiency in selecting individuals for work, the existence of a direct relationship with statistical significance between the dimensions of job stability and achieving institutional excellence in Iraqi sports clubs). The most important recommendations were the necessity of measuring the level of satisfaction of beneficiaries of sports club services, the necessity of motivating distinguished employees in sports clubs financially and morally.

The research aims to prepare competitive exercises using the pressurized play style to develop the compound skill performance speed in the research sample individuals and to recognize their impact on the sample individuals. It uses the experimental method with the design of two equivalent groups, the controlled and experimental, for the pre-test and post-test measurements. The research community was determined from the players of Al-Habbaniyah Football Club for youth aged (17-19 years), totaling (40) players, intentionally selected. The researcher concluded that competitive exercises using the pressurized play style have a positive effect on developing the football players' compound skill performance speed. Additionally, the controlled group that used the adopted method showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test in the skill performance speed test, although this development was not at the level achieved by the experimental group. In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends that football coaches pay attention to using exercises in training due to their effective impact on developing all aspects of training, in addition to selecting suitable and purposeful exercises that achieve training goals. Furthermore, focusing on using this style during the special preparation period, as it works on developing the specific performance requirements of the game, as well as developing the competitive element among players, which is the main advantage of football.

The research aimed to constrict a cognitive achievement scale for teaching methods of fourth year students of the department of physical education and sports sciences for students of the departments of physical education and sports sciences at the colleges of basic education in Iraq.
The population of the research consisted of fourth year students at the departments at the colleges of basic education in Iraq, they more (375) students, as for the sample it consisted (250) students out of the departments (100) students from almustansryea college, (80) students from mosul college and (70) student from dyala college.
The researchers used scientific bases for constricting this scale as well as the statistical package (SPSS) for analyzing the results.
The researches recommendations that:
- Find out a cognitive achievement scale for teaching methods at the fourth stage.
The possibility of using this scale to assess the cognitive achievement of this 1 sample, especially in the final tests of this subject.

Injured female students face challenges such as anxiety, depression, loss of self-confidence, and other negative feelings that may affect their performance and recovery. Hence, the importance of this study comes in exploring and analyzing the reality of psychological security among injured female students during the period of injury, interruption of learning, and medical treatment. The research problem included the question: What is the reality of psychological security among injured female physical education and sports science students during the period of interruption of learning and medical rehabilitation? The researcher used the descriptive approach. The research community was intentionally identified, represented by injured female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls, University of Baghdad. The researcher built a scale of psychological security consisting of four axes, and then conducted scientific transactions (validity, reliability, and objectivity). After that, it was used on the research sample. The researcher concluded that injured female students during the period of interruption of learning and medical rehabilitation have an average level of psychological security. The researcher recommended raising the level of psychological security among injured female students of the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences during the period of interruption of learning and medical rehabilitation.

The study aimed at evaluating the level of achievement among third class students in the college of physical education and sport science in tennis subject, and differences among the levels of achievement for male and female students in tennis subject, in addition to identifying the standard level of students’ achievement in tennis. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach because it is appropriate to the study and the nature of the study. the community of the study consisted of the students of third class in the college of physical education and sport science in the University of Mosul. The sample included (185) male and female students, among them are (157) male and (28) female in the academic year (2023-2024), and they were chosen intentionally from the students who finished the requirements of tennis subject. The researchers used the appropriate statistical procedures, and objectivity, plausibility and consistency. The following findings were reached at: the level of achievement of the students is decreased in tennis subject, and there were no significant differences in the level of achievements between male and female students, and identifying the standard level of achievement of third-class students. The level was (fair) which is the most repeatable level according to percentage.

The research aims to prepare rehabilitative exercises accompanied by caroprectics to rehabilitate the injury of the lumbar vertebrae, as indicated by a device designed to measure the muscular strength and range of motion of the injured in sitting volleyball players. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research by designing a single experimental group with two pre- and post-tests, and the research sample consisted of the governorate’s national team players. Al-Anbar for the disabled in volleyball for the sports season (2023 - 2024). The researchers used the statistical package (spss) to process the data statistically, and the two researchers concluded that there is a positive effect of exercises in improving the flexion of the right and left side for players with lower back pain in the lumbar region of the back muscles of the spine in volleyball. Sitting, the two researchers recommended the necessity of continuing to perform exercises on the floor for the purpose of prevention and preventing the recurrence or aggravation of the condition or injury.

Defensive skills are crucial for winning a match as they help counter the opponent's attack and prepare for the offensive play, facilitating the transition from defense to offense to gain points. Volleyball coaches find themselves in urgent need of advanced training drills to ensure the development of various aspects of their performance. Anaerobic training is an integral part of training programs for volleyball players. This highlights the importance of research to increase speed and strength, as volleyball requires quick and powerful movements for executing spikes, blocking, and rapid responses to the ball during defense, enabling players to perform these tasks efficiently. As for the research problem, through the researchers' observation of some local volleyball matches, they noted a disparity in the technical performance between defensive and offensive plays and among players, with variations between positive and negative performances. The experimental method was used for both the experimental and control groups, appropriate tests were identified and pre- and post-tests were conducted after applying anaerobic exercises. The researchers concluded that the use of proposed anaerobic exercises helps develop some motor abilities and defensive skills in young volleyball players and recommended the necessity of adopting the proposed anaerobic exercises for young volleyball players.

The research aimed to identify the numerical values of the approach speed variables of the last 10 meters of advancement to extract the conversion factor ratio from horizontal speed to vertical speed and to find a correlation between the ratio of the conversion coefficient from horizontal speed to vertical and the achievement of crossing the beam as well as the contribution ratio.
The cognitive problem of the study revolved around the question of the possibility of identifying the contribution ratios of some variables of the speed of approaching achievement,
The researchers used the descriptive approach in the manner of correlation relations and contribution ratios to suit the nature of the study problem and the sample was selected in a comprehensive inventory and the number of (5) jumpers for the effectiveness of (jumping stick), candidates to represent the national team for the upcoming benefits and the West Asian Championship, and all attempts were analyzed by which the jumpers exceeded the barrier of (5) meters and The number of attempts was (12) attempt distributed over four heights, namely (5) m and (5.05) m and (5.10) m and (5.15) m, note was excluded one jumper did not pass the barrier of (5) metler, and was used cameras analysis type (CASIO FH13.5) at a speed of 240 frames per second and the analysis program was (Kenova) and after analyzing and discussing the results the researchers reached the absence of a statistically significant correlation for the speed of the penultimate 5 m with the achievement achieved and thus the lack of a ratio A good contribution to this variable according to the values achieved from the jumpers, and the existence of a statistically significant correlation for the speed of the last 5 m and the maximum starting speed and the ratio of the conversion factor from horizontal speed to vertical speed with the achieved achievement and thus the presence of a high contribution ratio to these variables, and the researchers recommended conducting studies and research for other events such as high jump, horizontal jump and triple jump because of the speed of approaching of the pivotal importance in achievement.

The research aims to:
- Building and applying a scale of ego inflation among players of northern region football clubs.
- Establishing standard levels to measure ego inflation among players of northern region football clubs.
- Identifying the level of ego inflation among players of northern region football clubs.
The research community included (230) football players in the northern region, The sample size is (160) players
The standards form was distributed to the players of the northern clubs, which are (Dohuk, Mosul, Al-Hadbaa, Zakho, Al-Amwaj, Al-Baladiya, Al-Fatwa, Al-Musalla, Aqra, and North Gas), as the sample represents a percentage of (69.56%) of the total population, for the sports season ( 2023-2024),
The discrimination sample for the ego inflation scale included (100) advanced football players in the northern region, and these players represented (10) clubs from the northern region clubs. The application sample included (60) advanced football players in the northern region, and represented These players (10) are clubs from the northern region.
As a result of following scientific methods for constructing an ego inflation scale, the two researchers arrived at constructing an ego inflation scale for players of northern region soccer clubs. The researchers arrived at the standard levels and scores for the ego inflation scale for the players of the Northern Region football clubs. Most of the northern region football club players were at the two standard levels (acceptable and average). It is recommended to rely on the ego inflation scale designed in the current research when evaluating advanced players in clubs in the northern region during the training units and during the competition period to evaluate them and improve their performance.

The current research aims to:
- Identifying the achievement in swimming (50 m) and a number of physical and skill tests for advanced freestyle swimmers.
- Identifying the contribution of physical skill tests to the completion of short distances (50 meters) for free swimming for applicants.
- Developing predictive equations for the completion of the 50m freestyle swimming pool for applicants based on a number of physical skill tests.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in both survey and correlational methods for their suitability and the nature of the current research. The research community included advanced freestyle swimmers in some Baghdad Governorate clubs and participants in the Central Iraqi Swimming Federation competitions for the 2023/2024 competitive season, amounting to (50) advanced swimmers representing (6) clubs. They are the clubs (Army, Police, Al-Adhamiya, Nationality, Al-Salam, and Al-Kadhimiya).
And used the comprehensive inventory method in selecting the research sample to achieve his goals, as he conducted physical, skill and physiological tests on (40) swimmers only and excluded (10) swimmers due to their absence from taking the tests or not completing all the tests included in the research, and thus the proportion of the research sample ( 80% of the total population of the research, in addition to applying the tests to the swimmers of the Martyr Iyad Sheet and Al-Fatwa Club in the city of Mosul as a sample for the experiment to conduct a survey and stability, and they numbered (12) swimmers. The researchers used the following statistical methods (percentage - arithmetic mean - standard deviation - correlation coefficient Simple (Pearson) - skewness coefficient - modified standard score (δ-6) - simple regression analysis - multiple regression analysis).
The researchers recommended the following:
- Swimming coaches rely on the results of the current study during training and developing the physical and skill qualities that have a direct impact on achievement in short-distance (50m) freestyle swimming.
- Providing coaches with the results of the current study so that they can work to develop achievement in short-distance swimming, address defects, and develop the physical and skill qualities of advanced swimmers.

The research aims to compare the Record level, the critical speed, and the average running speed for the 400m running race at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics, as well as identifying the nature of the correlation between the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics regarding the critical speed for the 400m running race, The descriptive approach was used using the analytical method, and the research sample included the results of the final qualifiers for the top players in the men’s 400m running race in athletics and the participants in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, which numbered (8) players, as well as the participants in the Paris 2024 Olympics, which numbered (8) players. Thus, the sample size was A total of (16) athletes for the two Olympic Games, and the means of collecting data was analyzing documents issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations regarding the results of the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the Paris 2024 Olympics, The most important results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the record level, critical speed, and average running speed in the 400m race between the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the 2024 Paris Olympics. This is due to the convergence of the technical and training levels between the Olympic players, as the time difference in first place reached the gold medalist at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. And the Paris 2024 Olympics are (-0.45) seconds in favor of the Paris 2024 Olympics, and the time difference in second place, the silver medalist in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, and the Paris 2024 Olympics is (-0.64) seconds in favor of the Paris 2024 Olympics, and the time difference in third place, the bronze medalist in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the Paris Olympics. 2024 (-0.45) seconds for the 2024 Paris Olympics, There is a direct correlation between the Tokyo Olympics 2020 and the Paris Olympics 2024 with the critical speed for the 400m running race, as the greater the critical speed for the 400m running athletes in the Olympic Games, the more this contributes to improving the record level of the 400m running race, by an estimated rate of 94.50%, according to the value of the coefficient of determination R2. The research recommends paying attention to critical speed and using it as an indicator for measuring aerobic efficiency and regulating training loads for 400m running athletes within training programs during the training season.

The ancient Iraqis in the Mesopotamian civilization practiced various sports activities and physical exercises to develop their physical fitness until these practices became a part of their lives and accompanied their religious, social, and military celebrations. Music had a presence in many sports scenes, and the presence of musicians and musical instruments with the armies indicated its great role. In the military scene, the research aims to shed light on the archaeological evidence and evidence of the integration of music with the sports and military scene in Mesopotamian civilization and to explore the impact of music in the sports and military scene of Mesopotamian civilization. The historical approach was adopted in collecting and describing historical information and analyzing it by relying on Based on several scientific references and academic studies. The most important conclusions were the connection between music and sports activity in the Mesopotamian civilization and its contribution to motivating athletes, increasing their enthusiasm with attendance, improving motor performance, and controlling the movement of athletes. Music was also part of the military strategy as it accompanied the organization and movements of armies in battles, and was considered a source for raising the enthusiastic spirit and morale of the fighters.

The aim of the research is to identify the reality of the organizational power of primary school principals from the point of view of physical education teachers in the city center of Mosul. The descriptive approach was used using the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community consisted of physical education teachers in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the academic year 2023-2024, and their number was (457) teachers. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally, as it included some physical education teachers in the city of Mosul, numbering (152) teachers, who were chosen randomly, which constitutes a percentage of (31.07%) of the original community. As for the exploratory experiment sample There were (10) teachers, the researcher used the statistical package to extract the results, where (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, alpha coefficient) were used, and the data was processed using statistical packages SPSS.
The researcher concluded the following: School principals have a (high) level of organizational power, with a discrepancy in the use of the sources of this power from the point of view of physical education teachers in the city center of Mosul.

The objective of the study is to develop an educational curriculum that incorporates a series of activities using the group competition format in order to enhance the proficiency in high tapping and shooting skills with a basketball. This study used the experimental methodology. The study sample included 40 pupils in fifth grade from Al-Mughira Bin Shuba Preparatory School for Boys. The investigator partitioned them into two cohorts، one serving as the control and the other as the experimental group. Subsequently، the pre-test and the educational curriculum were implemented by means of the group competition approach، followed by the post-test. The researcher assessed the efficacy of the educational curriculum by using a group competition pattern to enhance the acquisition of high tapping and shooting abilities with a basketball. The researcher suggested that researchers and physical education instructors could highlight the advantages of the study findings and implement the group competition pattern for middle school students to enhance their acquisition of basketball abilities.

Explosive ability is one of the physical abilities that fall within the physical requirements of the game of football, identifying the relationship between the explosive ability of the arms and trunk accurately and the distance of the throw-in for young players in football. As for the research methodology, the researcher used the descriptive method using the method of correlational and predictive studies. The research sample was randomly selected from the research community, represented by young football players in Al-Hilla Club for the 2023-2024 sports season, numbering (26) players, and in a random manner. Regarding the statistical methods used, the researcher discussed a group of them to facilitate his work and achieve his goals. Among the conclusions and recommendations were the emergence of varying contribution rates for the explosive ability of the arms and trunk in estimating the distance and accuracy of the throw-in in football.

This research deals with the effect of timing training as a modern training strategy to develop step mechanics and improve athletes' achievement in the 400-meter freestyle event, as timing training is based on organizing the rhythm and coordination between steps, with a focus on distributing effort ideally throughout the race, which leads to increasing motor efficiency and reducing energy depletion. The study aims to explore how this method affects the physical and mechanical performance of athletes. The importance of this research lies in several basic aspects, including improving athletic performance, as the research seeks to improve step mechanics in athletes in the 400-meter freestyle event, which contributes to increasing their physical efficiency and reducing energy consumption during the race. This will help athletes achieve new records and enhance their competitive level. The study presents proposals on using timing training as one of the modern methods to improve athletic performance, which opens the way for coaches to adopt more effective and specialized training strategies based on studied scientific results. The study aims to prepare training according to timing training, and to identify the effect of timing training in developing step mechanics and achieving the 400-meter freestyle event. The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem by designing a single experimental group with a pre-test The research sample was determined in the deliberate and intended manner, and they are the players of the Diyala Club for the 400-meter event, numbering (6) players, and the sample represents (100%) of the research community. The researcher determined the research community as the players of the clubs of Diyala Governorate for the 400-meter running event for youth, numbering (four clubs) who officially participated in the championships held by the Central Athletics Federation, numbering (6 runners). The field research procedures included the achievement test and measuring the kinematic variables, which included (time for the first 100 m, time for the second 100 m, time for the third 100 m, time for the fourth 100 m, time for the first 200 m, time for the second 200 m, (step frequency, step length, number of steps for the first and second 200 m). These exercises were applied within the main section of the training unit and took from 30-40 minutes at a rate of (3) units per week for (8) weeks. In light of the results obtained by the researcher, the researcher concluded, through analysis, that Timing training has a positive effect on improving the stride mechanics of athletes participating in the 400-meter freestyle race.

The research aimed to identify the values of number of biokinematic variables and the accuracy values of the floating serve of female volleyball players, as well as identify the relationship of number of biokinematic variables with the speed and accuracy of the floating serve of female volleyball players. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational method to suit the nature of the research. The research sample consisted (10) of volleyball Iraqi League women's Players for the 2023-2024 season , advanced category, numbering (10).The researcher used scientific sources, measurement, testing, technical scientific observation as means of collecting data. The technical scientific observation was carried out using two digital cameras, type (iphone14 pro max) with speed of (240) images/second. The data was processed statistically using the statistical package (spss). The researcher reached a number of conclusions, the most important are: The variables (shoulder angle of the striking arm, elbow angle of the striking arm, height of the striking arm) in the position of maximum backward of the striking arm, and the variables (elbow angle of the striking arm, trunk angle) and (time, horizontal displacement of the striking arm , horizontal velocity of the striking arm, angular velocity of the elbow of the striking arm) in the main stage played an important and effective role in producing a high launch speed of the ball as well as directing the ball with the required accuracy.

The research objective is to identify the impact of a strategy. The March discussion discussed the development of cognitive thinking and learning the accuracy of some basic skills in basketball for female students. Researchers used the experimental curriculum to fit it into the nature and problem of researching a sample of first-stage students for the morning study at Baghdad University/Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science for Girls for the academic year 2023-2024. (85), after data collection, appropriate statistical means were used to extract the results. In the light of the findings, the researchers reached a number of conclusions. The most important of these is that a strategy discussed in March made female students the main focus of the learning process, which led to the development of the level of cognitive thinking and their effective participation during the course of the study. Researchers recommended that diversification in teaching strategies used by the teacher in order to encourage students to learn skills and get suspense and excitement.

The study aimed to develop and standardize a scale for effective management in colleges of physical education and sports sciences. To address the research problem, the researcher adopted the descriptive analytical method, as the nature of the problem necessitated this approach. The research population consisted of 38 members of college councils, representing 100% of the original population.
After defining the scale items, conducting a pilot study, and ensuring its scientific properties (validity, reliability, and objectivity), as well as its ability to differentiate among the research sample, appropriate statistical analyses were performed. The researcher concluded by determining the scale levels using the normal distribution method and a five-point Likert scale ("Always," "Often," "Sometimes," "Rarely," "Never").
The researcher recommended adopting the extracted levels and standards based on raw scores, using the normative tables developed by the researcher for the scale's scores.The research problem lies in the absence of comprehensive analytical studies focusing on the impact of effective management elements on the performance of the councils of Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Science. This is evident in the lack of involvement of all departments in the institution's planning process, as well as the inequitable and unorganized distribution of tasks within the institution, which negatively affects performance efficiency and the achievement of institutional goals.

The aim of the research was to compare the values of some variables of the force-time function for shooting from the free throw line and shooting from outside the arc for basketball players. In addition, to compare the values of some mechanical variables during shooting from the free throw line and shooting from outside the arc for basketball players. The research community consisted of youth basketball players of the Workers Sports Club in Nineveh Governorate, numbering (7) players. The research sample was deliberately selected from players who are good at shooting from the free throw line and from outside the arc and use the right arm in shooting, numbering (4) players. The researchers used kinetic analysis, force-time function and statistical methods to process the results.

The research aims to identify the effect of the numbered heads strategy on cognitive motivation and learning basic tennis skills for students for the experimental research group, as well as knowing which is better, the numbered heads strategy or the method used in cognitive motivation and learning basic tennis skills for students, The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests for the experimental and control research groups in the dependent research variables, and there are also statistically significant differences between the results of the post-tests for the experimental and control research groups in the dependent research variables, The researcher used the experimental method and designed two equal experimental and control groups. The research sample was represented by third-year students for morning study at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Anbar University, The researcher used the numbered headings strategy, where he divided the students into (5) groups, each group consisting of (6) students, then each student within each group was given a number from (1-6) and for all groups, so that the number (1) was repeated within each group. As well as other numbers, then the teacher explains the transmission skill, for example, and presents it to the students, Then the teacher asks a question related to the skill, and each group discusses the question and comes up with an appropriate answer so that every student within the group is able to answer. Then the teacher calls the number (1), for example, randomly, to present his group’s answer in front of the students, or asks the student to Number (1) from each of the five groups, They came together by bringing their heads together to discuss the question and agree on a specific answer. The researcher concluded that the experimental group was superior in post-tests to the control group in cognitive motivation and learning basic tennis skills for the students.

The research aims to reveal the effect of the three-way dialogue method and small cooperative groups, enhanced with ball jockeys, on the benefit of the forehand and backhand skills in table tennis. The user used two experimental stools in the pre- and post-test, and the research was conducted on second-year students at the College of Education and Sports Sciences / University of Kirkuk for the academic year (2022-2023), On a sample of (24) students, they were distributed into two experimental groups, the first studied (in the three-way exchange method) and the second studied (in the small cooperative group method), where the educational units were prepared according to the two methods. There are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the first group with the three-way exchange method in acquiring Forehand and backhand skills in table tennis. There are also statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the second group, the small cooperative groups in acquiring the skills of the forehand and backhand in table tennis. The pre-tests were conducted for the two research groups, and the researcher used the statistical bag (spss). The research recommends using the triple reciprocal method because of its positive effect in acquiring the skills of the forehand. , backhand) in table tennis.

The aim of the research was to design a test for the skill of Medicine by changing the direction of basketball for juniors, and the researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method, and the research sample includes the shahrian Basketball Club Juniors, and their number reached (35 players), and one of the most important results reached by the researcher is to achieve the research goal of designing a test to identify the level of performance of Medicine by changing the direction for basketball juniors, and standard levels of the research sample were set according to the test results, which were distributed naturally and obtained average, very good and acceptable levels, and the researcher recommends using this test and recommends designing tests for other skills, age groups and other genders as well .

The aim of the research is to identify the level of competitive behavior among students and to know the relationship between competitive behavior and the performance of the boxing skill of students, and the researchers used the descriptive approach to associative relationships, the research community was deliberately identified as second-stage students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Anbar University, and the devices used by the researchers included a manual stopwatch, a number of boxing legs (10), a legal boxing ring and an arbitration form, and the research tests included a measure of competitive behavior and a test for the performance of the boxing skill, and after a test The following laws were used in data analysis, correlation coefficient, t-test and F test, and from the results obtained, after analyzing and processing the data statistically, the values of the correlation coefficient between the level of skill performance and competitive behavior (0.543) were obtained. The value with a semantic correlation at the significance level (0.05), where the researchers found that the relationship of the contribution of competitive behavior to the level of skill performance was (0.41), the regression coefficient (1.76), the value of the partial correlation coefficient (0.813), the calculated value of (F) (0.542) and the level of error (0.032). After analyzing and discussing the results, the researchers concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between competitive behavior and boxing skill performance and a differentiated contributing relationship to competitive behavior over skill performance, in addition to the fact that students who obtained a high level in the boxing skill performance test are those who received a high score on the boxing skill performance test. Competitive behavior allowed them to carry out the performance of the skill well, so the researchers recommend that the focus be on what was used from the test in the study due to its close association with the performance of the skill. Boxing is indeed an important manifestation that affects performance in a positive way, and the need to pay attention to the psychological aspect because of its impact on all types of sports activities and work to enhance their competitive behavior by involving them in various sports activities, educational and training courses, and competitive professions.

Swimming is an individual sport that is characterized by continuous motor performance that arises through the muscular endurance of the arm and leg muscles. We find that through resistance exercises, it is used in general preparation periods to develop muscle groups specific to performance. There are iron resistance exercises, elastic ropes, and others. In addition to body weight resistance, which is one of the resistances that are equivalent to the individual's ability and physical structure. Body resistance exercises are necessary exercises to build muscles and develop physical qualities according to the form of the exercise and the required intensity. The importance of the research lies in using body resistance exercises to develop the strength of the arm and leg muscles in order to advance the team to an advanced level of training that works to develop the physical strength endurance, which is one of the most important requirements for swimming. The research problem was the use of body resistance exercises to develop the most important muscles working in swimming as compensation for the deficiency in the club team’s training due to the lack of a resistance training hall close to the pool and the use of new exercises to identify through them the effectiveness of these exercises and their impact on developing the strength endurance capacity of the arms and legs of Al-Salam Club swimmers. The research sample consisted of 20 swimmers who underwent tests in one experimental group and the results showed that body resistance exercises had a significant impact on developing the working muscles of both the arms and legs.