Iraqi Journal of Humanitarian, Social and Scientific Research

The research deals with the revolution of 1871 AD,Which constituted adecisive factor in the series of popular Algerian resistance to the French occupation,because it was a surprise to the French occupation authorities and the settlers Who believed that the time of revolutions had come to an end.This revolution was considered one of the most dangerous revolutions that were spent by French colonialism,despite its short duration,because it received religious and popular support. It was also a revolution with economic dimensions,as one of the most important reasons for its establishment was to restore dignty to the Al-Maqrani family and remove the injustice that befell the simple families Who were burdened with taxes by the French authorities in order to strip them of their lands and possessions.This revolution was amodel of Algerian resistance to the French colonizer Who Wanted to control the land.

Our scholars left us a great scientific resource in all fields of science and knowledge, and we should be proud of them and their heritage, including what they wrote and wrote in our blessed Arabic language, which like others remained locked between the shelves of private and public libraries for many years, until God willing - the Almighty - and He sent competent men. They brought out what they could of that loneliness to the comfort of the readers - may they be rewarded on our behalf - but there is still something that cries out from its loneliness and the dust of time. And for the purpose of being proud of my ancestors and being proud of them, and out of love for my language, the language of the Holy Qur’an, one of which was a dictionary: ((Standards of the Language)) by Ahmed bin Faris, who died in the year ((395 AH)), so I chose him for a special partial study concerned with the dictionary and the language of the Arabs and its origins, which is the phenomenon of sculpture or appendix. The quadrilateral, as morphologists call it, is considered one of the prominent phenomena of the Arabic language. As for the overall work, I divided it into two parts: The first included an introduction in which we explained the meaning of sculpture linguistically and terminologically, and Ibn Faris and his book carried the standards and introduced Ibn Faris and everything related to him, his life, his status, his scientific activity, his sheikhs, his companions, his students, his works, and the year of his death. The second axis dealt with: statistics and dictionary, in which I collected all the words of sculpture that Ibn Faris meant in his dictionary, and arranged them according to the words of the alphabet in the dictionary, and concluded the research with its most important results, and finally the sources and references, which are the source of the research and its source of maturity.

The Noble Qur’an is considered the foundation of the religion and Islamic legislation. It brings together all the heavenly religions. God Almighty sent it down to His Noble Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) as a guidance to all of humanity. His faithful Messenger Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family) conveyed it to the people in accordance with what God revealed. May God Almighty bless him and teach them his rulings, sciences and interpretation …However, over the years, many countries and peoples have begun to live in a state of anxiety, tension, panic, and fear in general, and Islamic peoples in particular. They have come to not trust anyone, and to the point that they are not safe with their lives, let alone their personal property. Therefore, people no longer trust any covenant between themselves and other people. Individuals, the strong among them became the ones who mattered, and the weak among them became powerless because of the influence and power of some people. Therefore, these covenants and covenants were merely ink on paper, except for those who applied Islamic law and the teachings of the Holy Qur’an . Therefore, those nations realized that the best person to secure their money, their rights, and the application of justice and equality is the Holy Qur’an. Because they turned away from the teachings of Islam and the constitution of the Qur’an in conducting transactions and other things, their trustworthiness and values were lost among them. Therefore, there is no other place for these people except to return to the teachings of the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of His Most Noble Prophet Muhammad (may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family). Hence, the scholars established knowledge of these events about which we have no knowledge, so they called it “the covenant” or what is known as the “covenant of the atom.” It is necessary to know that covenant and find out the covenant that God Almighty took with the descendants of Adam (peace be upon him) and how did He bring it out? In addition to how they bear witness to each other and why?

Scientific research is a civilized function of societies where developed countries attach great importance to scientific research and allocate huge budgets to it, so societies, especially developing countries, and the fruit of scientific research in using models is an additional help to serve ends In this sense, models enable optimal investigations. Modeling makes simplification so that models are flexible and amenable to modification to respond to the requirements of invention and discovery. Thus, modeling is at the service of various geographical goals and phenomena in geographic thought. Therefore, modeling opens wide areas for scientific research because the fields of modelingIn scientific research, it extends to include all life problems and in its various fields,

hadafat aldirasat ala taerif faeaaliatan 'iistratijiatan dhatiana fi tanmiat maharat alwaqt alqurayiyi waitadahat aldirasat ala albahth shibh altajribii wabalagh eadad aifrad aleaynih (82) taliban biwaqie (40) taliban fi almajmueat altajribia (42) taliban fi almajmueat alzaabitayh wa'ajraa 'iiedad aikhtibar fi alkhibrat alan alqurayiyi alharafii fi alaikhtibar walnaqdii waltadhawqii walabdaeii wazaharat natayij altahlilat dalatan aihisayiyana alwashm alastiratijia altaawul aldhaatia

In this study, we focused on rice husks and rice husk ash to purify drinking water as well as the wastewater that is dumped into river streams without treatment in our areas from heavy metal ions. These ions are needed by the body in very small quantities, but their excess causes diseases and serious harm to humans. Here the process was done using more rice hull ash than the rice hulls themselves, and the reason is due to the high percentage of silica in the rice hull ash. Rice husks were obtained from the waste of rice mills that spread in our areas and throw rice husks in deserts or burn them because they are useless waste.

The Quranic language sometimes deliberately employs the phenomenon of sound repetition, which is considered one of the expressive characteristics of the Holy Quran and an aspect of its miraculous nature. This phenomenon has occupied researchers both in the past and present, indicating the importance it carries. The significance of sound repetition lies in depicting the situation and expressing meaning, as the sound resonance contributes to highlighting the intended meaning. Sound repetition also contributes to repeating the meaning, strengthening it, and emphasizing it to increase its impact on the souls and thought. This phenomenon is also used as a means to influence souls and draw the listener's attention. This repetition may occur in a single word, in adjacent words, or in adjacent phrases. Finally, this extensive study has investigated the characteristics, features, and distinctions of Quranic sound to reach truths that the researcher hopes will benefit myself and future generations as we contemplate the treasures of the Holy Quran.

Iraq is one of the countries that have long suffered from sectarian conflicts, which negatively affected social and political stability. In this context, this research examines the reference of the Holy Quran as a tool for resolving sectarian conflicts and promoting peaceful coexistence among the various Iraqi sects. The study deals with the Quranic texts that call for unity, tolerance, and justice, and how to apply them in addressing sectarian conflicts. The research problem is how to use the Holy Quran as a religious and cultural reference to address sectarian conflicts in Iraq, and whether the Quranic texts are able to provide a practical and effective framework for achieving peaceful coexistence among the different sects. The research relies on the descriptive analytical approach. It aims to:
1. Analyze the Quranic texts that call for unity and tolerance among Muslims.
2. Study the impact of Quranic teachings on sectarian behaviors in Iraqi society.
3. Provide practical solutions based on the Holy Quran to resolve sectarian conflicts.
4. Evaluate the effectiveness of Quranic texts in promoting social peace and national unity.

This study aimed to determine the extent of the subjects of the social studies curriculum in the primary stage are closely related to the middle stage by analyzing the study books for the middle stage and comparing them with the topics included in the primary stage and knowing the duration of the course. The study reached several results, including that there is a weak sequence in general between the topics of the primary stage and the middle stage for the subject. Social studies. There are three topics out of six that make up the fourth primary textbook that were not repeated in a school stage. Perhaps the reason for this is that they are introductory and simple materials and there is no need to repeat them, for example. There are two topics out of the six topics that make up the fifth elementary school book that were not repeated in the intermediate stage. The study also recommended that there be one book-writing committee in the elementary and middle school regarding social studies. Giving the criteria of succession and integration great importance when writing books on social subjects in the future because of their great importance in consolidating the information and retaining it in the minds of students.

The research aims to identify the impact of the behaviors in internal auditing and its role in raising the level of quality of accounting information. To achieve the research objective, the elements of the behavioral approach in activating internal auditing were analyzed. The descriptive analytical approach was relied upon for all that was obtained from previous studies and references, and the information obtained through the questionnaire list that was distributed to a sample of employees in commercial banks, numbering 500 individuals related to obtain information that can be used to achieve the research objective. Through data analysis, a set of results were reached, the most important of which is the existence of a relationship between the behaviors and internal auditing, as there is a statistically significant relationship between the behaviors in activating internal auditing, as there is a link between behaviors and internal auditing to improve the efficiency and quality of information, and that the behavioral impact in internal auditing will contribute to raising the level of quality of accounting information. The research recommended the need to pay attention to studying human behavior by professional organizations and scientific bodies, as well as activating the policy of reporting violations and unethical and illegal behaviors.

This study deals with one of Arabic rhetoric devices, which named Iltifat in the
Qur'anic verses and how to translate it into English . It aims to investigate the
definition of Iltifat in general , and in the Nobel Qur'an in particular , its kinds ,
conditions , and its rhetorical purposes , as well as the analysis of this device
translation in translating a number of Qur'anic verses contained Iltifat into
English . Through the analysis of translation , it is noticed that this rhetoric
device is rarely found in English ( target language ) as is the case of Arabic (
source language ) which may result in distorting the meaning .

This research aims to study the impact of the books on the meanings of the Qur’an in the book “Mushkil I’rab al-Qur’an” by Makki al-Qaysi (d. 437 AH) on phonetic and morphological issues and to clarify their opinions that Makki included in this book, which he adopted, opposed, or agreed upon. Opinions varied between phonetics and morphology, with mention of some readings cited by Quranic semantic scholars, and an explanation of the differences and problems therein. In addition, these opinions were presented on phonetic issues such as hamza, idgham, and pause. As for morphological issues, they are represented by vowel defects and the origin of words. .

Objective: The current study aimed to measure the level of ethical leadership, along its dimensions (integrity, justice, ethical orientation, human relations, credibility, and encouraging ethical behavior), among department heads at Salahaddin University, Erbil, and its role in reducing organizational anomie, along its dimensions (organizational aberration, lack of organizational values, organizational cynicism, and lack of organizational stability). The study addressed a research problem related to the nature of the relationship and impact between ethical leadership and organizational anomie at Salahaddin University. The study adopted a hypothetical design to test the correlation and influence relationships between the two main variables and their dimensions. The hypotheses were tested using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS V.27. Study Methodology: The study used the descriptive-analytical approach, with the study population representing department heads in (16) colleges at the University of Salahaddin in Erbil. The sample consisted of (84) respondents, with a response rate of (100%). Key Conclusions: The study results revealed a good level of ethical leadership with an average score of (3.94), and human relations was the highest dimension with an agreement rate of (80.35%). The study also showed a medium to weak level of organizational anomie with an average score of (2.97), and the absence of organizational stability was the highest dimension with a rate of (60.96%). The conclusions also revealed a significant inverse correlation (-0.383) between ethical leadership and organizational anomie, with the strongest relationship being between ethical orientation and lack of organizational values (-0.459). The results also demonstrated the significant impact of ethical leadership in reducing organizational anomie, with the strongest impact of the integrity dimension with a rate of (15.7%).

Exceptional floods have become a serious concern for most residents and countries through which rivers flow, including Iraq. Furthermore, the problem of natural hazards in general, and flood risks in particular, is one of the most pressing and important topics of interest to researchers and decision-makers due to the environmental risks they pose to humans, society, and the natural environment. This is due to the frequent occurrence of recurring floods in time and space. Consequently, the risks of these floods have become an inevitable necessity, requiring the convergence of all influencing factors and the use of all modern means, technologies, and correct scientific methods to mitigate their environmental risks. The research aims to study cross-sections using the Hec-Ras program for the 1988 and 2019 floods and compare them. The study area is located within Salah al-Din Governorate, extending from Al-Dour District to the Samarra Dam on the Tigris River. The current study used the Hec-Ras program for linear river flow modeling, as well as equations to extract river discharge. The water height in the river during flood events was extracted, and the maximum potential discharge within the study area was predicted. The research addressed hydrological modeling of the 1988 and 2019 floods using the Hec-Ras and Hec-Hms programs, as well as the hydrological impacts and environmental risks resulting from exceptional floods. The study showed that rainfall outside the study area played a significant role in the occurrence of the 1988 and 2019 floods within the study area. Applying the Fuller equation to predict Tigris River discharges revealed that floods occur every 5-10 years within the studied area.