Karbala Journal of Physical Education Sciences

The current research aims to identify the effect of the (SQ3R) strategy in developing concentration attention and learning breaststroke swimming for 14 year old learners. The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in developing focus of attention in the post-test, there are statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in learning breaststroke in the post-test. The researcher used the experimental approach to suit the research problem. The research population was represented by registered learners in the course that was held at the Marwari Swimming Pool - Khanaqin for the year (2023-2024), the number of learners was (23), while the research sample was chosen randomly and the number of (10) learners, and the researcher used appropriate statistical methods and used the statistical package (spss) to process the data. Through the results that the researcher concluded that the use of the SQ3R strategy helped significantly in developing concentration

The research aimed to prepare electronic lectures in order to law skills according to the theoretical test of third-class football referees, and to identify the effects of using electronic courses according to the theoretical test to develop football referees in law skills. The researcher used the experimental appraoch of equal groups. The researcher chose his research population from the third-class referees accredited by the Central Iraqi Federation in Babil Governorate, who numbered (13) referees. The number of those included in the promotion to the second class for the 2022-2023 season was (10) referees. The sample was divided into two groups. A control group and an experimental group, with (5) referees for each group. The sample constituted a percentage of (83%) of the research population, and (3) referees were chosen for the exploratory experiment. Through the results, the researcher concluded that the experimental group that used electronic training facilitated the task in front of them when leading the match by improving

The study aimed to identify the level of cultural awareness about sports among members of the research sample and to identify the difference in the level of cultural awareness about sports according to gender and qualification. The research hypotheses included: There are significant differences between male and female teachers in the level of cultural awareness about sports, and there are significant differences in the level of cultural awareness about sports among educational personnel according to academic qualification. As for the study procedures, the researcher used the descriptive approach using the survey method and comparative studies to achieve the research objectives. The research population also included male and female teachers in the center of Karbala Governorate, and the research sample was chosen by (200) individuals, distributed among the schools by (100) teachers and (100) schools. Through what emerged from the results of the statistical analysis of the data and the study of the variables, conclusions were reached, the most important of which are that there are significant differences in the level of cultural awareness about sports among educational personnel according to academic qualification, and there are significant differences between males and females in the level of cultural awareness about sports.

The research aims to prepare a program using introductory games to learn some basic football skills for fifth-grade primary school students at Al-Nasr primary school for boys in Babil Governorate, the district center of (Abi Gharq), to identify the effect of a program using introductory games in learning some basic football skills for students, as well as to identifying the preference in influence between the two research groups (control and experimental) in learning some basic football skills for students. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing (two equal groups) with a pre-test and a post-test to suit the nature of the research. The research population was defined as fifth-grade primary school, who numbered (90) students, and the research sample was chosen. From that population, which numbered (40) students, they were divided equally into two groups (experimental and control) with (20) students for each group. The researchers found that the experimental group was superior to the control group in learning basic football skills. The study recommended the necessity of using introductory games in educational plans for fifth-grade primary school students, as they have a clear impact on learning basic football skills. The study must applied to other age levels and to different sports due to the necessity of diversity in terms of style and form of performance, as well as placing students in competitive playing situations.

The importance of the research lies in the use of the K.W.L strategy and its impact on contemplative thinking and some basic skills in basketball for the students of Al Karama Preparatory School for Boys in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate for the academic year (2022-2023), who number (75) students representing (3) classes. The researcher used the experimental approach in the style of two equal groups to suit it. In applying his field procedures, the research sample included (50) students, which were chosen by lottery and were from Divisions (B and C), and those who were chosen by lottery became Division (B) the experimental group and Division (C) the control group, and tools were used. And the necessary equipment in the research and the steps for its implementation, which include preparing the K.W.L strategy, the reconnaissance experiment, and the main field experiment included in the pre-tests and application of the K.W.L strategy and then the post-tests. The researcher concluded that the students need the K.W.L strategy to help them develop reflective thinking and some basic basketball skills. The researcher recommends making use of modern strategies in lectures. Because of its major role in different thinking and some basic basketball skills.

The research aims to prepare educational units using the educational stations style for students aged (10) years. In addition, to identify the effect of this style in developing some motor abilities and learning the skill of badminton serve and front and back strokes. The researcher useed the experimental approach by designing two equal groups for the research sample numbering (40) students from the original research population of (130) students. The research sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control, with (20) students. The researcher implemented the educational units for a period of (8) weeks, with (2) two units per week, and the total amounted to (16) an educational unit. The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the educational units using the style of educational stations play an important positive role in developing motor abilities and learning the skill of the serve and the forehand and backhand strokes of badminton. In light of these conclusions, he recommended The researcher emphasized the necessity of using educational units using the method of educational stations to develop other motor abilities and learn badminton skills.

The aim of the study to iditify the effect of a proposed cross-training program on developing some basic skills in freestyle swimming, to identify the differences between the crossed trianing and the followed method in developing some basic skills in freestyle swimming. The experimental approach was used to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample was determined from the Sulaymaniyah Club junior swimmers. As for the research tool, it was represented by some skill tests in free swimming, which were determined by the skill of the leg strikes with breathing, the movement of the arms with breathing, and a (50) meter freestyle swimming test. It was confirmed that provided homogeneity and equivalence for the research variables, and the training program lasted for a period of six weeks. After completing the implementation of the program and applying the post-tests, the data was collected and processed using appropriate statistical methods, represented by the t-test for independent samples and correlated samples, and extracting the effect size. A set of conclusions were reached, including that the training program based on the cross-training method was significantly better compared to the training method used in basic skills.

The current research aims to identify the values of some kinematic variables (length - time - speed - step frequency) during running in the first arc and the straight in the 200-meter freestyle run, and to identify the values of the centrifugal force variables during running in the first arc of the 200-meter freestyle running, and to identify the correlations between some of the biomechanical variables under study in the first bracket and the achievement in running the 200 meters. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach in the style of correlational relationships to suit the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen intentionally and their number was (5) the best five runners out of the total number of participants according to ( The best shortest time in the men's 200-meter freestyle run for applicants in the Iraqi Athletics Clubs Championship for the year (2022-2023). The researcher used the SPSS-v21 statistical package to process the data statistically, and the researcher concluded that many significant correlations appeared within the correlation matrix between some biomechanical variables (length - Time - speed - frequency of steps) and achievement in running 200 meters completely freestyle. Also, many significant correlations appeared within the correlation between some biomechanical variables and the achievement in running the 100 meters in the first bracket, and the researcher recommended emphasizing the development of some physical fitness elements (strength - speed - speed table) in order to obtain better achievement.

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of performance with the basic skills on the movement mat and on the balance beam device using the correct education, which is the cooperative educational bag, and according to direct interaction that encourages correct performance and gives feedback that helps in learning these skills for female gymnasts. The problem of the research is to use the latest movement education for difficult skills. In artistic gymnastics for female learners, especially in floor movements and the balance beam, which contain difficult skills to perform. The most important objectives of the research were to identifying the effect of the cooperative educational package based on direct interaction in learning some skills of the floor movements mat and beam balance activities in artistic gymnastics for female players. The most important conclusions were that the cooperative educational package, based on direct interaction, achieved the objectives of the research and addressed the problem of learning some skills for the floor movements mat and balance beam activities in artistic gymnastics for female athletes. It was recommended to adopt the educational package based on direct interaction in specialized schools, sports clubs and teams that have beginning levels of learning, especially in gymnastics events for female players.

The research aimed to identify differences in the level of some elements of physical fitness among students of nineveh secondary school for distinct students and nineveh secondary school for outstanding students in the city of Mosul. The experimental approach was used for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research population was determined by fifth grade middle school students in Nineveh Secondary School for distinct Students and Nineveh Secondary School for Outstanding Students in Nineveh Governorate for the academic year 2022-2023, who numbered (137) students. The research sample consisted of fifth grade middle school students in Secondary School. Nineveh for the distinct students, Division (A), numbering (35) students, and among the students of the fifth year of middle school in Nineveh High School for the outstanding students, Division (A), numbering (37) students. Thus, the number of the research sample for the two schools became (72) students, with a percentage amounting to (52.55%). The data was processed using statistical packages (SPSS). The researcher concluded that there were no significant differences among Nineveh Secondary School for distinct students and Nineveh Secondary School for outstanding students in the test (running 20 meters from standing).

The research aimed to identify the effect of special exercises and the use of bio-kinematic feedback to perform the forehand volley skill in tennis. It was assumed that there are significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the performance of the volly forehand strike, in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the experimental research approach to suit the objectives and problem of the research. The research sample consisted of players from the Al-Muthanna University tennis team. The researcher chose the players intentionally, as the number of players was (8) and the attempts were (8) and each player attempted one attempt for each test (pre-post). The study recommended the necessity of relying on bio-kinematic feedback to correct errors in skill performance, especially the volley forehand.

The study aimed to prepare training exercises on complex-area fields, to identify the effect of training exercises on complex-area fields in some of the skill capabilities of young football players, to identify the preference of the effect between the experimental and control groups in some of the skill capabilities of young football players. The researchers used the experimental approach through equal control and experimental groups design with pre- and post-tests, and the researcher identified the research population as football players of the Holy Karbala Governorate clubs, the youth category, for the sports season (2023-2024), numbering 12 clubs, with a total of (200) players. The study reached conclusions that training on complex-area fields has a clear impact on developing the skill abilities used ) dribbling, passing, and scoring). The researchers recommended the necessity of conducting similar studies for other age groups and with other training methods concerned with developing skill abilities and their results.

The study aimed to reveal the extent of the effect of anaerobic and aerobic training (simultaneous and successive) with water resistance in some physiological variables and handball shooting among young. The researchers adopted an experimental design with two equal groups with pre- and post-tests. The research population included young handball players at the Koya Sports Club, whose ages ranged between (17-19) years, and they numbered (21) players. The research results were processed using SPSS VERSON 26. Reaching a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the simultaneous anaerobic and aerobic training program with water resistance has had a positive impact on the development of all the physiological variables under investigation except anaerobic capacity. In addition, the successive anaerobic and aerobic training program with resistance in the water had a positive impact on the skill variables (shooting) used in the research.

The research objectives were demonstrated by preparing HIIT training for young football players under 19, in addition to identifying the advantageous effect between the two research groups (experimental and control) in the post-tests of the research sample. As for the research methodology, the researchers used experimental approach in the style of equal groups (experimental group and control group) with pre- and post-test. As for the research population and sample, it was determined by young football players under the age of 19 years in the Karbala Sports Club for the season (2022-2023), which numbered in number. (20) players, where each group consisted of (10) players, and the data was presented, analyzed, discussed, and processed statistically, using the SPSS statistical package. Through the results, the researchers reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the preference of using HIIT training over the control group’s training in variables. (Compatibility, speed of motor response, accuracy of scoring in football). The study recommended using exercises according to the training units in the (HIIT) style for youth football and in the special preparation stage because of its importance in preparing the player in order to participate in tournaments.