Al-Muthanna Journal of Sport education Sciences

The importance of the research was evident in studying the variables of the right (R) and left (L) foot print areas using the Dynamo foot system and some kinematic variables by analyzing them using the (Kenova) program and the extent of their impact on the performance of the youth volleyball receiving skill, so that through this system it is possible to give us a clear and accurate picture of the nature of the players’ real capabilities in order to know the weaknesses and strengths of the right and left feet as well as the differences between them, which are influential in the technical and skill performance in a scientifically accurate manner and thus reach the defensive performance of the ball receiving skill and thus achieve the points of winning the match and this is the desired goal. The research problem is related to the nature of the volleyball game and the performance of the skill of receiving the ball against balls directed at different playing areas, which are very fast, as they are performed by the player pressing the ball, which is closely related to the position of the feet’s movement and the force exerted on the ground and the nature of its stability and positioning, which leads to the success of this skill in such important situations in the game. In addition to the development of electronic devices, especially biomechanical devices, including the modern (Dynamo foot) system, and its unavailability in the past, there was a major problem in knowing the nature of the pressure distribution of the parts of the foot during the performance and the extent of its impact according to each area of the player’s feet, as well as analyzing the kinematic research variables using the (Kenova) program during the performance. Through the above, the researcher decided to delve into the problem and benefit from the (Dynamo foot) system as a new modern technology that can be used in several skills, including the skill of receiving the ball, and at the same time applying the (Kenova) program for kinematic variables in order to improve the performance of the skill of receiving the ball and knowing the main points of the force exerted by the feet on the ground, and thus knowing the weakness Players accurately and scientifically, which leads to the achievement of match points. The research aims to know the differences between the right (R) and left (L) foot areas and their effect on the performance of the skill of receiving the serve in youth volleyball, as well as to know the relationship between the variables of the right (R) and left (L) foot print areas and some kinematic variables and the performance of the skill of receiving the ball serve. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach using the method of correlation and comparison relationships to suit the problem. The community was identified as the youth players of the Middle Euphrates Volleyball Clubs for the season (2022-2023), numbering (55) players distributed over (5) clubs, and then the research sample was selected with (20) players representing the clubs (Al-Rumaitha, Al-Kufa, Al-Dughara) and constituting 43.25% of the community. A practical experiment was conducted on Thursday, 4/8/2021 in (the hall of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - Al-Qadisiyah University) for the study sample, after which it was statistically processed using the (SPSS) program. The results of the differences between the feet showed a t-test in favor of the right foot in all variables of the foot regions except for the variable (outer part of the foot), which showed a non-significant significance. It was also concluded that the most significant variables related to the performance of the ball reception skill appeared in the variable (height of the body's hip point), i.e. a direct relationship between it and the dependent variable. After that, the dynamo foot system was linked to the foot of each player and all players. After the system was prepared and the examination procedures were completed, and the signal was received via the wireless to the laptop via Bluetooth according to the instructions for the system, here the players perform the ball strike and it is received by the player from multiple centers for the crushing balls struck by the coach and the players. At the same time, the dynamo foot device senses and measures the pressure force of the right (R) and left (L) foot print areas while performing the required skill.

comparative learning is one of the forms of learning that is successful for most beginning students because of the competition it brings among students, as it stimulates their enthusiasm to achieve specific goals, which makes the educational curriculum for this method high in intensity, as the lower-level student tries to reach the level of his colleague who shares the same work with him through comparison. Which the teacher conducts among them based on the registration form that is provided to each student and which shows the extent of his progress in relation to his colleague. As for group competitive learning, it is considered one of the methods of competition that enables the student to evaluate the performance of the group to which he belongs to the performance of other groups that share the same work with him. It is a method in which learners work. In small groups under the supervision and guidance of the teacher, each group includes different skill levels. It is noted that within this method, members of one group cooperate with each other in order to achieve a common goal or goals. This method is a teaching model in which learners perform skills with each other, share understanding, dialogue, and information related to the skills, and help each other in the learning process. The importance of the research becomes clear through the use of the two competitive learning methods (comparative and group), which accompany the type of activity related to football skills, and proving their effectiveness and the extent of their impact on the educational process through the optimal investment of effort, as well as the extent of their contribution to enriching the teacher with the practical method through which he can make the educational process successful. And keep pace with the scientific development of this game.
The objectives of the research were:
-Identify the effect of the two competitive learning methods (comparative and group) and the method used in learning some basic football skills for students.
-Identify the best methods for learning some basic football skills for students.
The most important conclusions were:
The group competitive learning method was superior to the comparative competitive learning method and the method followed by the teacher, in teaching some basic football skills. Although there was teaching some basic football skills using the comparative competitive learning method, it had less effect than the other methods.
It was recommended to emphasize the use of the group competitive learning method in learning some basic football skills. It is necessary to use indirect teaching methods, because they help the student to think and develop his creative side and work to strengthen the relationship between the student and the teacher.

Gymnastics is an individual game that has become more widely practiced and widespread in the world over time due to its attraction of a large number of followers and practitioners in different countries due to the privacy and enjoyment that characterizes this sport. Physical and motor qualities are considered one of the important foundations and pillars that enable the student to perform skills in a smooth and harmonious manner. Through the physical and motor qualities that characterize the student, it is possible to predict the level of performance of the student and raise the level of students. The study of prediction has a great importance and role in this sport because it provides us with information about the possibility of the student's performance in a clear and accurate manner, and thus students will be able to perform well the skill that should be learned. As for the research problem, which was through the researcher's observation as a lecturer in the College of Education Physical and Sports Sciences noted that most students are unable to perform the skill under study, and the researcher attributes this to weakness in physical qualities in addition to the absence of a predictive study of the player's performance of the skill. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational method to suit the research problem. The number of individuals in the research sample was (142) students. The researcher reached the following conclusion that the following variables (speed-characterized strength of the arms, speed-characterized strength of the abdominal muscles, motor speed of the arms, coordination of the arms and legs, flexibility of the trunk) affect the performance of the skill of standing on the shoulders from the weight on the parallel bar. As for the research recommendations, the work was to have exercises during the educational curricula for the skill of standing on the shoulders from the weight on the parallel bar to develop the following qualities (speed-characterized strength of the arms, speed-characterized strength of the abdominal muscles, motor speed of the arms, coordination of the arms and legs, flexibility of the trunk

The first chapter included the introduction and the significance of the research. The importance of the research was as follows
Administrative work ethics hold great significance on multiple levels, including the individual, society, and work. An individual, wherever they may be, must shape their behavior and actions within a specific framework that aligns with the principles and values upheld by the rest of society. Thus, there arose a need for behavioral patterns endorsed by society to justify all actions and behaviors performed by individuals. Virtuous character, along with the noble behavior and righteous deeds it produces, forms the foundation of social life. A society cannot be reformed without these ethical principles.
The following points highlight the importance of administrative work ethics at the societal level:
• Commitment to work ethics contributes to improving society in general, as it reduces unfair practices, ensures equal opportunities, and allows individuals to reap the rewards of their efforts or face the consequences of their shortcomings.
• Work is assigned to the most competent and knowledgeable individuals, resources are directed towards what is most beneficial, and fraudsters, opportunists, and parasites are restricted, while opportunities expand for diligent individuals.
• Adherence to administrative work ethics fosters social satisfaction and stability among the majority, as everyone receives their due rights, justice prevails in transactions, and overall societal harmony is achieved.
• The presence of publicly declared ethical charters provides a reference for people to determine the appropriate behavior or judge the actions that have already occurred.
Based on the above, the research problem was represented by answering the following question:
What are the administrative work ethics of physical education teachers in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate?
The research aimed to develop and apply a scale to measure the “administrative work ethics” of physical education teachers in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate.
In the third chapter, which covered research methodology and field procedures, the researchers used the descriptive approach through survey and correlational methods to address the research problem. The research population consisted of 160 physical education teachers in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate, from whom a sample of 150 teachers was selected.
The fourth chapter presented, analyzed, and discussed the results. The researchers displayed the findings, analyzed them, and provided a discussion.
The fifth chapter included conclusions and recommendations. The conclusions confirmed the validity of the administrative work ethics scale developed by the researchers for physical education teachers in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. The recommendations emphasized the importance of utilizing the administrative work ethics scale designed by the researchers for physical education teachers

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of coordination exercises in developing motor compatibility and scoring skill in football for soccer players. The researcher used the experimental approach by designing the two equal groups for the research sample of (30) players from the two teams of mahaweel6 and Al-Janaen Club for the season (2022-2023) with ages (13-15) years from the original research community of (36) players. A sample was divided equally into two groups, one experimental and the other control. The researcher used appropriate auxiliary tools to conduct tests for the research variables, in addition to implementing the proposed exercises. A mini-exploratory experiment was conducted on a sample of second-stage students who numbered (6) players, and after conducting the pre-tests and implementing the vocabulary of special exercises for a period of (4) weeks and by (3) two educational units and a total number of (12) units. After that, the dimensional compatibility and dribbling tests were conducted in football, and after extracting the data and processing it statistically and then presenting, analyzing and discussing it based on the relevant scientific sources, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which was the effectiveness of the proposed educational exercises in developing the ability of movement coordination and dribbling for players.

The research included the introduction and importance of the research: to reveal the level of organizational health in secondary schools and its relationship to job satisfaction among teachers in Diwaniyah Governorate according to variables (specialization, number of years of experience, type of school), and the research problem was: What is the level of organizational health in secondary schools in Diwaniyah Governorate and its relationship to job satisfaction of teachers?? And also to know the level of dimensions of the variables studied in the study?). As for the most important objectives of the research, it was evident in finding correlational relationships The correlational relationship between the level of organizational health in secondary schools in Diwaniyah Governorate and the level of job satisfaction of teachers.. It also included the research methodology and field procedures. The study used the descriptive approach with its survey and correlational methods to describe both the level of organizational health in secondary schools in Diwaniyah Governorate from the teachers' point of view and the degree of job satisfaction in their dimensions. The study sample consisted of (423) teachers in secondary schools (government - private), who were randomly selected from the study community of all secondary school teachers in Diwaniyah Governorate, the center, numbering (1099) teachers in government schools, and (218) teachers in private schools, with a total of (1317) teachers. The study tool was a questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the tool were verified. Then the research results were presented and discussed, as the results were presented in the form of tables and then discussed. The research also contained conclusions and recommendations, and the most important conclusions were:
1- Acknowledging that organizational health in all its fields is associated with positive relationships in job satisfaction among the research sample.

The importance of the research lies in the researcher’s endeavor to use the strength exercises of the double-opposite pyramid method in developing the curve of the function (force - time), which constitutes an important essence for the technical performance of the back smash skill, in addition To achieve accuracy in performance by developing the strength to reach the highest possible height to hit the ball, thus achieving the best performance in hitting the backhand smash from position (1). The problem of the research was through following up on developments in the game of volleyball in general and the development occurring in the skill of hitting the backhand smash in particular at the global, Arab and local levels and because of its impact in deciding the outcome of the match. Through the researcher’s observation, he noted that The technical level of this skill is not consistent with the development taking place, and there is a weakness and great fluctuation among advanced players in the level of accuracy of performance. The researcher attributes this weakness to the lack of attention to improving the skill aspect in accordance with the foundations and rules of the game. It is considered one of the most important problems facing those in charge of the training process. Hence, the researcher decided to study this problem by preparing strength exercises for the double-opposite pyramid method. The objectives of the research are to prepare Strength exercises for the double-opposite pyramid method to develop the function (force - time) and the accuracy of the back smash hit from position (1) in volleyball for applicants, and to identify the statistical differences between the pre- and posttest for the function (force - time) of the back smash hit from position (1) for the applicants, and to identify the statistical differences between the pre- and posttest for the accuracy of the back smash hit from position (1) in volleyball for the applicants. The researcher used the experimental method With a single group design, as it is the most appropriate for such a study because, the researcher identified the research community in an intentional way, and they represent the players of the Shatrah Sports Club in volleyball in Dhi Qar Governorate, who number (14) players. (6) players were selected from the research community and outside the sample to conduct the exploratory experiment, and (8) players represent the research sample, and the percentage of the sample was (57.14%) from the original community, and one of the most important conclusions is the development of the level of accuracy of the smashing skill The background of the center (1) among the members of the research sample is through the differences that appeared in the results of the post-test.

One of the most distinguishing features of motor learning in handball is its connection with other supporting sciences in a way that allows the researcher or coach to identify aspects of strength or weakness in the components of the skill in general, according to the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the skill of shooting from a jump in handball, specifically for the stages under research (support - push) using the Kenova motion analysis program to obtain accurate information about performance, which in turn is the basis for modifying and evaluating performance to reach the player to the ideal technique. The research problem was manifested through the researchers' indirect observation via motion analysis that there is a decrease in the speed of motor performance at the stages of support and push in preparation for jumping and then shooting. Therefore, the decline in the speed of the player in the two stages under investigation is attributed to the load on the body, which hinders the player from achieving ideal angles in the body across all working joints, reflecting this on the stability mechanics of the supporting leg. The aim of the research was to identify educational exercises according to the Kenova program to learn some bio-kinematic indicators for the stages of (support - push) and the accuracy of motor performance in the skill of shooting from a jump in handball for the research group. The researchers hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in the values of some bio-kinematic indicators for the stages of (support - push) and the accuracy of motor performance in the skill of shooting from a jump in handball for the research group. As for the research methodology, the researchers used the experimental method, with a one-group experimental design. The research sample consisted of (6) junior players from Al-Nasr Sports Club in handball, selected intentionally to implement the study and achieve its objectives.
The most important conclusions of the research were that learning the stages of support and push in the skill of shooting from a jump in handball is simply a result of the learning of the muscles working on the body's joints and stabilizing motor performance angles in the direction of the support and push stages using the educational exercises. As for the recommendations, the researchers recommended emphasizing the use of motion analysis as a basis for establishing educational exercises according to the specific motion and time path of handball skills, in accordance with what was implemented in the research due to its importance in learning some motor abilities and the motor transfer indicator.

The research aimed to build a leadership personality scale and identify the level of leadership personality of Dhi Qar Governorate club coaches from the players' point of view. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the survey method to suit the nature of the study. The research sample included (250) players from the clubs of Nasiriyah District, Dhi Qar Governorate for the leadership personality scale. The scale was built and applied to the sample and its data was processed by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research came out with a set of conclusions, including the validity of the leadership personality scale for football coaches from the players' point of view. Through the results, it appeared that the coach has a leadership personality, but with varying estimates and within the level (very good, average, acceptable, good, weak, very weak

There is remarkable progress and development in various fields of physical education, resulting from precise scientific work represented by research and studies in various aspects that have contributed to the broad advancement of the sports field at all levels. One of the sciences that has enabled and contributed to this development is sports psychology. Focus has begun on sports psychology as an important science in achieving success in the sports field, due to the effective investment of players' physical, skill, tactical, and psychological energies. This depends largely on the application of the foundations and theories required by this science. Sports psychology is of great importance in the training and educational process, in both theoretical and practical approaches. It provides a wealth of psychological information and principles that a coach or teacher needs to help them enhance and develop the training and educational process, understand the behavior of the learner or player, provide them with the necessary information, and help develop their personality from various perspectives to become successful learners or players capable of benefiting from educational and pedagogical methods. Sports performance requires preparation from both the psychological and motor aspects. The research aims to determine the level of social adaptation among youth swimming players in Maysan Governorate. The research hypotheses indicate the existence of a relationship between the levels of social adaptation among the sample of swimmers. The researcher used the descriptive approach with survey and correlation methods appropriate to the nature of the research. The research community was identified as (15) swimmers in Maysan Governorate. The questionnaire tools were a scale of social adaptation among swimmers.

The skill of spiking from the back row in volleyball is considered an effective offensive skill that helps the team diversify its playing style and increase scoring opportunities. Therefore, the optimal performance of this skill requires continuous training, as this skill can be developed to become a strong offensive tool in matches. Due to the importance of this skill, the researcher studied it with the aim of developing it. The researcher prepared deep forward jump exercises and identified the impact of these exercises on the development of some kinematic variables and the accuracy of this skill. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test in the kinematic variables and accuracy of the spike from the back row of volleyball players. To verify this hypothesis, the researcher used an experimental approach with a one-group design. The researcher found that the results were positive, and the research hypotheses were confirmed, showing a clear improvement in the research variables.

The study aimed to identify the relationship between some mental and physical abilities and the accuracy of scoring from movement and from stability from medium distances among Anbar University football team players. The researchers assumed the existence of a statistically significant relationship between some mental and physical abilities and the accuracy of scoring from movement and from stability from medium distances among the research sample. The researchers used the descriptive approach with the method of correlational relations because it is appropriate to the problem and objectives of the study, The research sample was represented by the players of the Anbar University football team for the academic year (2024-2025), which consisted of (14) players. The researchers concluded the following: There are good percentages of the studied mental and physical abilities among the members of the research sample, as well as the presence of a significant correlation between the studied mental and physical abilities and the skill of scoring accuracy from movement and from stability for the players of the Anbar University football team, Accordingly, researchers recommend emphasizing the development of studied mental and physical abilities, as they significantly contribute to enhancing the performance of goal-scoring skills from movement and stability in football.

The study aimed to investigate the preparation of exercises using the hypoxic method (oxygen deficiency) on handball players and to identify the advantages of the differences between the measurements and post-tests in the values of some blood components (EPO, FERs, Hb, Hct) among the research sample individuals. The experimental method was used due to its suitability for the nature of the phenomenon being studied, and the research community consisted of youth handball players. The main conclusions indicated a significant effect in raising and improving the levels of some blood variable measurements (EPO, FERs, Hb, Hct) as a result of training with the hypoxic method, effectively among the research sample individuals. Among the key recommendations is to adopt the hypoxic method as an auxiliary means to improve blood variable levels and develop physical and motor aspects, as well as to rely on measurements of blood variables as an indication of the adaptation of the functional organs and systems of the players. The study's results in blood component variables and physical abilities achieved should be used as a criterion for evaluating the functional and training status of the research sample individuals.

Mastering basic skills in volleyball is a crucial factor in achieving success and winning matches. This game relies on a series of interconnected skills, starting with serving, followed by setting, spiking, blocking, and finally, court defense. Any loss or weakness in one of these skills can lead to the loss of match points if discovered by the opposing team, giving them an easy opportunity to score points.Court defense is considered one of the most challenging skills, as it involves receiving powerful shots from the opposing team or those deflected by the block, and then accurately passing the ball from low to high to a teammate. This skill requires a high level of physical strength, particularly in the legs, as well as agility, speed, and courage. Additionally, motor skills are one of the key elements that impact skill development in various sports, helping to improve and enhance players\\' movement and technical abilities. Accuracy is also an essential component of both physical and motor fitness.The importance of this research lies in shedding light on the impact of certain motor skills in learning the accuracy of court defense from the backcourt. The problem of the research is rooted in the lack of attention to physical education and sports science lessons in schools, as observed by the researcher through her review of various teaching methods and her experience in the field. Furthermore, certain motor skills significantly influence the acquisition of the backcourt defense skill in volleyball.The study aims to identify specific motor skills in the sample group, examine backcourt defense skills in volleyball among the experimental and control groups in both pre- and post-tests, and determine the impact of some motor skills on learning the accuracy of backcourt defense skills.The research population was selected purposively, with the sample consisting of all players from Walid Al-Mousawi Primary School, totaling 30 players. After excluding 4 players who participated in the pilot study, the final sample consisted of 26 players, divided randomly into two groups: experimental and control, with 13 players in each group. The results showed the experimental group outperforming the control group after conducting the post-tests. The conclusions indicate a clear impact of certain motor skills on learning the accuracy of backcourt defense skills in volleyball. Additionally, the educational units contributed significantly to the improvement of some motor skills, particularly agility, balance, and coordination.The researcher recommends conducting similar studies using exercises in educational units for primary school levels, providing equipment and tools that support physical education lessons in schools, and conducting educational units for physical education teachers to assess their impact on primary school players.

The research dealt with the introduction and importance of the requirements of training science in its various forms and types in developing squash in general and standardized training in particular, as it included the attention of national team and club coaches to abilities and physiological tests as an important and accurate indicator of the impact of types and forms of training load, in addition to working to know the condition and physiology of players and working to change, modify and correct what is required from the coach and the training curriculum for players to complete the training journey in an exemplary manner. As for the research problem that the research addressed, it lies in knowing the muscle strength and some physiological indicators in the accuracy of the backhand skill for squash players, as well as the lack of use of standardized training units that work to develop the muscle strength of the arms and some physiological indicators such as cardiac output and the vital capacity index for young squash players. As for the goal of the research, it is the effect of standardized training in developing muscle strength and physiological indicators such as the pre-production and the vital capacity index in the accuracy of the backhand skill for squash players, then preparing exercises for appropriate
programs according to the solution to the research problem. The research sample amounted to 10 players. eight of them were selected for the main experiment and two for the pilot experiment, from among the young squash players of Baghdad clubs, aged (18-19) years. The researcher used the available means and tools to determine he arm muscle strength tests and measure the cardiac output index and vital capacity after the accuracy of the backhand skill according to the specifications of the tests and research tools, the duration of application of the proposed training curriculum components, pre- and post-tests of the proposed training program requirements and the statistical methods used in the research. The researcher concluded that there was a clear development in the arm muscle strength and an increase in the blood volume paid for the cardiac output and vital capacity in the
accuracy of the backhand skill for the sample members. As for the recommendations, he emphasized the importance of applying the standardized training curriculum components to squash players of other categories after confirming that the results were positive physiologically and physically, as well as ensuring the conduct of general health examinations and physiological measurements for each squash player before participating in representing the national teams for all age groups.

This research sought to develop and design educational units that address basic football skills, adopting the reciprocal learning approach to implement them on fourth-grade secondary school students at Zaid Al-Nar Boys' School, affiliated with the Al-Qadisiyah Education Directorate. The research aimed to measure the differences between the experimental group, which underwent reciprocal learning, and the control group, by comparing pre- and post-tests of basic football skills. The researcher used the experimental approach due to its suitability for the nature of the study. A random sample of 60 students was selected and divided equally into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Since the students were from the same educational level and male only, the two groups were homogeneous in terms of level. After implementing the educational program and conducting statistical analyses, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the reciprocal learning approach in improving the acquisition of basic football skills, with statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group. Based on these results, the researcher recommended the necessity of adopting this approach in teaching various sports skills due to its importance in developing student performance.

The importance of this research lies in raising the level of learning movements on the balance beam in accordance with the requirements of Ausbel's educational theory, which helps raise the level of knowledge and understanding in correct performance. This will result in an educational level that meets the aspirations of female gymnasts. The research problem was: The level of education and performance skills on the balance beam for women does not meet the aspirations, especially for new skills at the beginning of their learning, to build high-level gymnasts. The resulting educational theory or model used in education is not appropriate for these skills and effectiveness. Therefore, experimenting with Ausbel's educational theory may help correct the educational path and raise the level of skills on the balance beam for women. The research objective was to identify the impact of Ausbel's educational theory on teaching some skills on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics. The most important conclusions reached were: Ausubel's educational theory achieved the required educational level in teaching some skills on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics. It was recommended that Ausubel's educational theory be adopted because it achieved the required educational level in teaching some skills on the balance beam in women's artistic gymnastics.

The first chapter included the introduction, the importance of the research, its problem, objectives, hypotheses, and fields. The importance of the research lies in preparing complex exercises to develop the speed and agility ping-pong qualities of the youth of the Samawa Football Club .The problem of the research was that there was a clear decline in some physical and skill variables. As for the research hypotheses, there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in some physical abilities for the control and experimental groups, in favor of the experimental group for the Samawah Football Club youth players. The research community was determined by the youth players of the Samawa Football Club for the year (2023/2024), who numbered (20), and later the exercises were carried out according to the proposed training method for a period of (10) weeks, with three training units per week and in the repetitive training method. The researcher used the experimental program. A special form was prepared that included the tests for the research and it was presented to a group of experts who agreed that the tests were appropriate to achieve the research goal. After the program was fully implemented, the test results were collected, statistically processed, presented and discussed in a scientific manner in order to achieve the research goal.

From this, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, including:
- Compound exercises showed clear development in agility and speed
The researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including:
- It is necessary to use the proposed exercises to develop the attributes of speed and agility in table tennis, as it has a positive effect on the players.

The research aimed to identify the reality and the correlation between organizational symmetry and job stability on a sample of (320) physical education teachers in Baghdad Al-Karkh educational schools, which were randomly divided into three samples (the exploratory experiment sample, the construction sample, and the application sample), by building the organizational symmetry scale with three main areas distributed among them (22) phrases and the job stability scale with four main areas distributed among them (28) phrases, and they were processed statistically according to the (spss) system to extract all the required coefficients to achieve the research objectives. The research concluded that the research sample has positive motives towards the dimensions and characteristics of organizational symmetry as a characteristic of success and its reflection of the process of belonging and loyalty to their profession, as well as that physical education teachers have functional stability because of the need to ensure distinctive performance that enhances their ability to be satisfied with the school work environment, which supports the correlation between them because there is a positive impact on the social relationship between physical education teachers and the school administration. The research recommended paying attention to the requirements and desires of physical education teachers and matching their goals with the school objectives to enhance organizational symmetry, encourage and motivate them towards creativity and gain job satisfaction, which achieves job stability.

The main research problem is the importance of studying the reality of ethical leadership for the Departments of colleges at Dhi Qar University and its impact on achieving and consolidating professional values in order to improve its position in society,raise its competitiveness, make its outputs distinguished by quality, increase the degrees of loyalty and affiliation among its employees in order to raise their performance level, the aim of this research is to find out the interactive impact of ethical leadership on the relationship between professional values and organizational brilliance among faculty members at the colleges under study and measure the levels of variables studied. the research was conducted on an intentional sample composed of members of teaching of some faculties at the University of Dhi Qar, where (235) a questionnaire designed by the researcher was distributed and after analyzing the results, it turned out that the respondents ' results were high in terms of ethical leadership, as faculty members have a high level of perception of the extent to which college administrations apply it, not to mention the relationship between professional values and organizational brilliance of faculty members, and the most important recommendations are the focus of college administrations on practicing ethical behaviors and upright practices because they have a great impact in strengthening professional values and reflecting on the requirements of organizational performance quality .

Flexible resistance training using rubber ropes and sandburst is considered one of the effective and important means in developing the necessary physical abilities of volleyball players and the positive effect it achieves on the vertical distance of the jump and some of the biomechanical indicators required to perform instantaneous propulsion with one or both legs at the highest technical, physical and mechanical level, as this It draws the features of the research problem that the researcher diagnosed in the field after studying the requirements for the skill of crushing from position (2) in volleyball and the harmony and consistency it requires for the work of the muscle groups working during performance, which in turn helps the player to achieve the best mechanical position to reach the best possible vertical distance without Slow down this speed, and the research aims to identify The effect of flexible resistance training on developing the vertical distance and some bio-kinematic variables and physical abilities for the skill of crushing from position (2) in volleyball for the research group. The researcher assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements in the vertical distance, bio-kinematic variables and physical abilities for the research sample. The researcher used the experimental method. With one experimental group.The research sample was of players applying for volleyball to the Nasiriyah Sports Club, if their number reached (10) players who were chosen intentionally. As for the conclusions of the research, the most important of them was that all the training that It was used to develop muscle strength and the biomechanical and anatomical foundations, whether for the muscles of the legs, torso, or arms. It increased the efficiency of internal strength, and thus had a positive impact on the vertical distance at the moment of hitting. The researcher recommended using other training methods to develop physical abilities, biomechanical indicators, and hitting accuracy according to the anatomical axes of movement.

The research problem emerged through the researcher's personal observation in the field, where it was noted that there is a lack of use of modern educational models that facilitate the learning process and their application in practical teaching sessions. The current approach relies heavily on the teacher, with the student playing a mostly passive role. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of instructional units based on the Hanfen Peck model on the performance and retention of certain basic offensive skills in basketball among students. The importance of the research lies in assisting physical education teachers by introducing a modern educational model that simplifies the learning process. This, in turn, contributes to helping students acquire basketball skills more quickly and with less effort. The researcher used the experimental method with an equivalent group design. The research population consisted of second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for the academic year 2024–2025, totaling 135 students. The sample was selected using a simple random method and included 30 students, divided equally into two groups 15 students

The world is currently witnessing a large-scale scientific renaissance in all fields, including the sports field, based on the adoption of scientific research and qualitative development in the study of various topics. Any physical effort is considered a random effort with uncertain results unless it is based on studied scientific foundations. Therefore, we must resort to sports planning in preparing training curricula that are based on scientific principles and foundations that achieve the goals for which they were set. The study of the training process through the sciences related to training has become one of the important and basic pillars upon which training programs are built. The study of heart rate, diastolic and systolic pressure, blood acidity and the rest of the functional variables are among the most important indicators that indicate the soundness of training programs by controlling the variables under study. Due to the lack of such studies in our Iraqi library, as far as the researcher knows, as well as the researcher’s modest experience in the field of training, as they were Iraqi champions in athletics and national team coaches and holders of international training certificates, the research aims to prepare a proposed training program that works to maintain the development of functional variables and some physical characteristics. The researcher assumes the existence of differences between the pre- and post-functional tests and measurements in favor of Dimensional. The researcher used the single-group experimental method with pre- and post-tests and measurements, as it is compatible with the nature of the research. The experimental method is the objective observation of a specific phenomenon that occurs in a situation characterized by precise control of one variable (factor) or more satisfied while the other factors are fixed.

The importance of this research lies in designing a set of exercises using assisted training tools aimed at developing the physical, motor, and technical components of artistic gymnastics athletes. These exercises play a vital role in building muscular strength and enhancing technical performance. This is attributed to the importance of linking exercises to the physical and motor components associated with the skill being performed. Accordingly, exercises were selected to align with the motor execution of the handstand skill on the parallel bars, contributing to improving the technical level and achieving better performance in artistic gymnastics.The study aims to investigate the effect of exercises using supportive tools and equipment on the development of certain physical fitness components and technical skills specific to artistic gymnastics. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences in the post-test results between the experimental and control groups, in favor of the experimental group, in terms of physical and skill-related requirements on the parallel bars apparatus.The researcher adopted the experimental method with a two-group design (experimental and control). The special exercises were applied to the experimental group within a training plan consisting of 24 training units, at a rate of three sessions per week.The results of the study indicated that the use of assisted tools in skill development contributes effectively to saving time and effort for both the coach and the athlete. Furthermore, the experimental group showed a significant improvement across all research variables compared to the control group.

The Role of Modern Media Transformations on Players' Awareness of the Concepts of Sports Professionalism within Iraqi Clubs
Importance of the Research:
The importance of this research lies in highlighting the rapid transformations taking place in the media in Iraq and the tremendous potential they hold for influencing players' and society's understanding of the concepts of professionalism, especially in light of the economic and social challenges facing Iraqi sports. This research also contributes to providing scientific insights into how to optimally utilize sports media to develop professionalism in Iraq, which helps clubs and sports federations adopt effective media strategies to enhance the level of sports professionalism. Research objective:
To identify the impact of recent media transformations on players' awareness of the concepts of sports professionalism within Iraqi clubs.
Research areas:
Human scope: Iraqi Premier League football players
Spatial scope: Club stadiums and headquarters
Time scope: January 2, 2024 to April 5, 2024
Main conclusions:
1. Sports media is a crucial factor in spreading the culture of professionalism, as recent media transformations represent a significant opportunity to enhance players' awareness of the concepts of sports professionalism.
2. Weak investment in technology in sports media, as modern technologies have not been adequately employed in Iraqi sports media, which reduces its ability to influence player behavior and promote the concept of professionalism within clubs.

The skill of shooting from a high jump is one of the fundamental and crucial skills in handball, as it relies on the integration of physical, skill, and mechanical aspects. From this perspective, this study analyzed the relationship between certain biomechanical variables (stride length and stride frequency) and the accuracy of shooting from a high jump among advanced handball players. The problem of the study was to examine the nature of the relationship between stride length and frequency and the accuracy of shooting from a high jump among advanced handball players. The study aimed to determine the relationship between stride length and shooting accuracy, determine the relationship between stride frequency and shooting accuracy, and explore the extent to which these variables influence improving the efficiency of skill performance. The researcher adopted a descriptive analytical approach using a correlational approach. A sample of (6) players from premier league handball clubs was selected. Data was collected using high-resolution video cameras, along with the use of motion analysis software to accurately measure step length and frequency. A standardized shooting accuracy test was also used. The most important recommendations concluded by the researcher are: There is a statistically significant positive correlation between step length and shooting accuracy from a high jump in handball, indicating the importance of controlling the distance and final step before the jump to achieve accurate shooting. Furthermore, step frequency is one of the strongest indicators influencing shooting accuracy. The results showed a strong and statistically significant correlation, reflecting the importance of a fast and regular rhythm in approach steps. This confirms the importance of motor rhythm and temporal coordination in the success of this complex skill. The most important recommendations emerging from the researcher include the need to incorporate specific exercises to improve step frequency within training programs for shooting skills, and instructing coaches to analyze approach steps individually using video techniques to determine the optimal movement pattern for each player.

To achieve this aims, the researcher used the experimental method using the two equivalent groups (experimental), to suit the nature of the research. The research sample amounted to (20) slow-learning students with special education at the (Imam Mahdi Al-Muntazar) School in the city of Samawah. They were randomly divided by lottery into two experimental groups, with (10) students in each group. The educational program was designed using the method of introduction and motor exploration, where exercises were applied to develop the physical and motor abilities of slow learners. After completing the pre-tests, the educational curriculum was applied to the two groups, which lasted for two months, with (32) educational units, including two introductory units, and four educational units per week, with the duration of the educational unit being (45) minutes. After that, the post-tests were conducted. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS), the most important of which was the (t) test for symmetrical and independent samples. Through the results reached, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that the methods of input and motor exploration have a positive effect in developing some of the physical and motor abilities of slow learning students, as well as the emergence of differences between the pre- and post-test of the two experimental groups, indicating the soundness of the curriculum and its suitability for the motor and physical abilities and activities of the students.

The study aimed to prepare educational units in accordance with the strategy (linking, experience-applying, co-operating and transporting) of teaching the two skills in the number and transmission of volleyball to the students, as well as to identify the influence of these units on the variables under study. The researcher followed the experimental method by designing the two equal groups with a pre - and post-test. The research sample of students in the second stage/morning study was selected in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University College of Kutt for the academic year 2022-2023. It involved numeracy skill testing and volleyball transmission. The teaching modules were applied over the course of 6 weeks with one teaching unit each week. After the implementation of the teaching modules and conducting the dimensional testing and statistical processor, the researcher came up with several conclusions, the most important of which was that both the strategy of attuning-experience - application - co-operation - transfer, and the method used) had a positive effect on teaching numerical skills and volleyball transmission. The process of good cognitive construction that contributes to the efficient construction of the motor program of experience-related skills, as well as the strategy of attuning-experience-applying cooperation-transfer, is superior to the method used by the teacher in teaching the performance of numerical and volleyball transmission skills.

This study aimed to determine the level of psychological energy and its relationship to competitive behavior among female volleyball players participating in the International Sports Festival Championship at the University of Kurdistan - Sanandaj for the year 2025. The two studies adopted the descriptive approach using the survey and correlation method, to achieve its objectives of measuring the level of psychological energy and competitive behavior, and analyzing the relationship between them. The research sample included all players of the participating university teams (Kurdistan, Sulaymany, Halabja, Farhangian), numbering (72) players, who were divided into a survey sample that included (6) players from the University of Halabja, and a main sample of (66) players. The researchers used the psychological energy and competitive behavior scales as main tools. The pilot experiment was conducted on 1/27/2025, followed by a retest on 2/3/2025 to establish the scientific basis for the two scales. The main experiment was conducted from 2/18 to 24/2/2025. The results showed that the level of psychological energy and competitive behavior among female players was average, with a statistically significant direct relationship between them. Higher psychological energy was associated with increased manifestations of competitive behavior. These results highlight the importance of enhancing psychological factors to stimulate competitive performance among female team sports players.
Keywords: Psychological energy, Competitive behavior, Volleyball players

Management is one of the basic sciences that contributes significantly to serving society in various fields. Institutional management is considered one of the primary tools for addressing the problems faced by individuals and contemporary societies. In this context, the importance of organizational integrity emerges as one of the key factors contributing to improving the work environment within institutions. Integrity contributes to creating an environment characterized by transparency and credibility, which enhances levels of trust among employees and leads to achieving institutional excellence. This requires administrative leadership that possesses ethical values and principles that ensure fair and objective decision-making. Regarding the research problem, the researchers observed, through their practical experience in teaching and participation in academic and administrative activities at the University of Dhi Qar, that there is a weakness in the application of the concepts of organizational integrity and administrative excellence in some administrative departments. This weakness may negatively impact the achievement of the university's desired goals. Therefore, the researchers see the importance of studying the relationship between organizational integrity and administrative excellence among employees at Dhi Qar University. The researchers' most important objectives are to develop a scale of organizational integrity among employees at Dhi Qar University and to develop a scale of administrative excellence from the perspective of employees at Dhi Qar University. The research methodology only included a research population of 198 employees at Dhi Qar University. The sample was intentionally selected, including 198 employees, meaning that the sample represents 100% of the research population. The research conclusions include a strong relationship between organizational integrity and administrative excellence. The study results showed a positive and significant correlation between organizational integrity and administrative excellence among employees at Dhi Qar University. The role of organizational integrity in improving the work environment: The study revealed that organizational integrity plays a crucial role in creating a healthy work environment, as it contributes to reducing stress on employees and enhancing their sense of justice and transparency within the organization. The impact of leadership on organizational integrity and administrative excellence: Effective leadership within organizations is considered one of the essential factors that support organizational integrity. Leadership characterized by integrity and transparency motivates employees and increases their engagement in work. The researchers recommended the necessity of strengthening the principles of organizational integrity within Thi Qar University by training employees on these principles and their impact on administrative excellence, supporting qualified and honest leadership that contributes to implementing organizational integrity and achieving administrative excellence, and developing mechanisms for transparency in administrative work to ensure a fair work environment that supports outstanding performance.

The importance of the research lies in the use of educational exercises and the statement of their impact on the development of tactical behavior and the skills of rolling and scoring in football and mastering these two skills and using them in the disposition or implementation of the plan during education or the match by linking the performance of skills and tactics within an educational environment that simulates the conditions of real matches in educational units, and the problem of research was through Informing the researcher about many educational curricula prepared for football players and through follow-up and watching of young players in the Specialized Center for Football in thi Qar Governorate, he noticed that most of the educational curricula prepared by some coaches pay more attention to the physical and skill aspect than focusing on the side or tactical behavior, which represents the main goal of raising the level of physical performance and skills, and this is what prompted the researcher to Delving into this problem and developing solutions that would improve the team\'s performance as an integrated unit within the stadium by preparing educational exercises according to the level, age and capabilities of the players to achieve the best level that can be reached. The objectives of the research are the preparation of educational exercises in the development of some forms of tactical behavior and rolling and scoring skills for young football players. And to identify the statistical differences between the pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups in some forms of tactical behavior and rolling and scoring skills for young football players. The researcher used the experimental approach in the style of the two equivalent control and experimental groups for its suitability to solve the research problem, and the researcher determined the research community in a deliberate way, which are youth football players in the specialized football center in thiQar Governorate for the season 2024-2025 by (28) players officially registered in it, then the researcher chose his research sample, which numbered (22) players, and they were divided into two control and experimental groups in a simple random manner, and each group contains (11) players, who represent (78). 57%) of the research community One of the most important conclusions is that the educational exercises made significant differences between the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the post-test of the research group (experimental).

This systematic review explores the landscape of pre-service physical education (PE) teacher internships in schools across the Middle East from 2020 to 2023. By analysing studies published in both English and Arabic, the review aims to identify trends, challenges, and best practices in the practical training of future PE educators. The findings provide insights into pedagogical approaches, policy implications, and the role of technology in PE teacher internships.

The research aimed to prepare educational exercises and employ them with the vocabulary of the rapid learning strategy in the volleyball lesson for second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and to identify the effect of the rapid learning strategy on divided and selective attention among second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and to identify the effect of the strategy Rapid learning in performing the preparation and reception skills in volleyball for second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The experimental research approach was adopted by designing the two equal experimental and control groups. The research population was limited to second-stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Baghdad, for the academic year (2023). /2024), the total number of which is (361) students distributed among (9) academic classes, two classes were randomly selected for the research sample, bringing the number to (64) students, representing (17.279%) from this population. To measure divided and selective attention, the Rehacom Cognitive System tests were adopted. (RehaCom Cognitive System), To measure the performance of the preparation and reception skills, technical performance evaluation tests were adopted after videotaping this performance by three evaluators, and (8) practical volleyball lessons were prepared using the vocabulary of this strategy, and for each skill (4) lessons were applied each week (2) two lessons, and applied to students. The experimental group over a period of (4) weeks, for the period from Monday, corresponding to (3/6/2023) until Tuesday, corresponding to (11/28/2023), and after completing the experiment, the results were processed with the (SPSS) system, so that the conclusions and recommendations were Preparing educational exercises using the rapid learning strategy in practical volleyball lessons is suitable for second stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/University of Baghdad, and applying them in practical volleyball lessons helps improve the level of divided and selective attention, and helps improve the performance of the preparation and reception skills in volleyball. among students who study with it, with superiority over students who study without it, It is necessary, when preparing educational exercises for the rapid learning strategy, that there is an area of freedom to think and stimulate the mind and body to complete educational tasks by taking into account improving the divided and selective attention as mental factors supporting this skill performance.

Administrative creativity plays a vital role in developing and improving the performance of youth and sports directorates. Creativity helps create new and diverse programs and activities that attract youth and meet their changing needs. It can improve the quality of existing programs and develop them to be more effective and impactful. It contributes to simplifying and facilitating administrative procedures, which increases work efficiency. It helps find innovative solutions to problems and challenges facing directorates. It enhances the directorates' ability to adapt to changes and developments in the field of youth and sports. The research aims to identify the role of sports administrative creativity in the Youth and Sports Directorate in Dhi Qar Governorate. The descriptive approach was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research. The research sample included (220) employees of the Ministry of Youth and Sports forums in Dhi Qar Governorate, representing (70.69%) of the total research community. The researcher used a questionnaire as an appropriate means of collecting information from the research sample. The researcher used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and percentage as appropriate statistical methods. The researcher concluded the following:
- The research sample possesses positive administrative creativity. The role of administrative creativity in creating an appropriate environment in the Ministry of Youth and Sports forums in Dhi Qar Governorate.
- The researcher recommends the following:
- Applying the research measures to other sports institutions.
- Linking administrative creativity with other administrative variables and attempting to determine the extent of their influence.

The study aimed to prepare small games for children, as well as prepare a creative thinking scale and know the effect of small games on creative thinking among children in kindergartens aged (4-5) years. The research community was determined intentionally, namely the children of Al-Hamaem Kindergarten and Qatar Al-Nada Kindergarten affiliated with Diwaniyah Education for the academic year (2023-2024), and their number is (140) children, boys and girls, with a percentage of (50%) of those aged between (5-6) years. The research sample was chosen in each kindergarten (60) children, boys and girls, and divided into a total of (60) as an experimental group and (60) as a control group. The researcher chose Al-Hamaem Kindergarten for the reasons that led to the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in developing creative thinking

The present study aimed to assess the challenges encountered in implementing the physical education curriculum in public schools from the perspective of male and female physical education teachers in Sulaymaniyah Governorate. A descriptive research approach was employed as it aligned with the study's objectives. The sample consisted of 24 middle school teachers, purposefully selected from a total of 38 boys' middle schools in the central region of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, representing 89% of the target population. Data was collected through a questionnaire, and the findings were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that the challenges associated with implementing the physical education curriculum were of moderate severity, with key obstacles including the number of allocated classes, availability of resources, and student overcrowding. Based on these findings, the study recommended that the Ministry of Education and Higher Education increase the number of physical education classes in the weekly school schedule and reduce class sizes to enhance the quality and effectiveness of school sports activities.

The research aimed to identify the role of the media in spreading sports culture among distinguished and outstanding high school students in the city of Mosul, and the researcher used the questionnaire as a means of collecting data, and it consisted of six areas: the cognitive field and included (7) phrases. and social, and included (7) phrases. The health included (6) phrases. and competitive, included (7) phrases. The cultural included (7) phrases, and the national and belonging included (6) phrases. The research community consisted of distinguished and outstanding high school students in the city of Mosul, numbering (1720 students), and the number of the research sample (200 students), representing (11.62%) of the research community. The researcher concluded that the level of influence of sports media in spreading sports culture among distinguished and outstanding secondary school students in the city of Mosul was high. The researcher recommended working to strengthen the role of the media in general and sports media in particular in spreading sports culture among secondary school students. And conducting research and field studies to find out the role of the media in spreading culture and sports awareness in society in general and for school students in particular.

The research aims to prepare a training curriculum to develop speed endurance and lactic acid concentration and the completion of the 400-meter sprint for the Serwan Sports Club player 400 m for applicants. As for the hypothesis of the research, there are statistically significant differences between the pre-measurement and the post-measurement of the results of speed endurance tests, the measurement of lactic acid concentration and the achievement of the 400 m sprint. The researcher used the experimental approach and designed one group with a pre- and post-test because of its suitability to the nature of the problem, the research community will be determined in a deliberate way from the player of Serwan Sports Club athletics in the category of applicants Serwan Sports Club / Sulaymaniyah Governorate, and the number of (10) players Serwan Sports Club, and they will be selected (8) player and exclude (2) Serwan Sports Club player in the experiment in order to participate in the exploratory experience، The researcher achieved the moderation of the sample within the normal distribution of the fact that the values of the torsion coefficient of all variables were (±1), which indicated the distribution of the sample in order to ensure the safety of statistical operations, and their selection according to the results of this distribution of the variable of age, height, mass and training age. It has a clear impact on the development of the achievement of the research sample in the completion of 400 meters freestyle، There the members of the research sample accept the vocabulary of the training curriculum prepared by the researcher through the results obtained and the desire for training and the absence of injuries or the appearance of overload. The results showed that there are significant differences between the pre- and post-tests, that the training curriculum prepared by the researcher has a clear impact on the development of the completion of the research sample in the completion of the enemy (400) m free and the development of special endurance capacity (bearing strength, bearing speed) and delaying the emergence of fatigue and change in the concentrations of lactic acid ratios and the development of the achievement of the research sample in the completion of 400 meters freestyle.

It is necessary to pay attention to the components of the educational process and to the fact that it requires the provision of all positive behaviours associated with the learning process that, in turn, contribute to the improvement of students\\' level of knowledge. One of these is the cognitive motivation that is necessary to be constructive and to develop students, since it represents the student\\'s need and motivation to meet his needs in the development of appropriate, integrated educational situations in order to make them meaningful to the student. At the same time, it is essential to follow all educational methods methods aimed at developing all the learner\\'s intellectual abilities, as well as the mental aspects The study aimed to prepare teaching units based on the Neale model in order to learn some basic basketball skills for students, as well as to identify the influence of these units on the variables under study. The researcher followed an experimental method by designing the two equivalent groups with a pre - and post-test. The research sample was selected, which consisted of students in the first stage of the morning study at the College of Physical Education and Physical Sciences/University of Winstar for the academic year 2023 -2024 Cognitive motivation, chest handling skills, stationary correction), teaching modules were implemented for 6 weeks with one instructional unit per week, after teaching modules were completed, and aftertesting and statistical handlers, The most important findings are that both the Neale model and the method used have had a positive effect on the cognitive motivation process and my learning skills (pectoral handling and correction from stability) in basketball. The more interest in proper construction of knowledge the better the learning results, the more skills the performance success depends on the amount of knowledge stored in the brain, how the motor program is constructed and performed, and the superior the Neale model to the method used by the motivation instructor Cognitive and basic basketball skills learning.

The importance of the research emerged in that it attempts to shed light on some biomotor abilities and the skill of shooting by jumping and its relationship to the explosive ability of the arms. The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the explosive ability of the arms and the shooting skill and to identify the relationship between coordination and shooting skill. And to identify the relationship between the motor speed of the arms and the shooting skill. The researcher followed the descriptive approach using the correlation method to suit the nature and problem of the research. The research community was determined intentionally, which is the fourth-year students for the academic year 2024-2025, numbering (144) students. The research sample members were selected, numbering (14) students, and the research sample constituted (10%) of the research community. As for the exploratory sample, its number was four students from outside the research sample. The researcher, accompanied by the support team, conducted the main experiment, which included the specified tests on Monday, February 15, 2025, at 10:00 a.m., in the presence of all sample members. The sequence of tests began with a handball shooting skill test, followed by a coordination test, followed by a forward lean test, and finally, the explosive power of the arms, respectively. The researcher concluded that the explosive power of the arms and the speed-related strength of the shoulder and arm muscles are of great importance in handball shooting, as they allow the player to shoot with great power. This power is reflected in the speed of the ball during shooting. The researcher concluded that coordination is of great importance in handball shooting, as coordination between body parts translates into speed of performance, as well as high accuracy.